Search

Due to unique structure, onion-like carbon has excellent physical and chemical properties that brodens the application in carbon and carbon-based composite materials. The classification and the structure of onion-like carbon were firstly introduced. Its advantages and disadvantages of traditional preparation methods, including arc discharge, plasma, electron-beam radiation, chemical vapor deposition, nanodiamond annealing in vacuum, thermolysis, were summarized. Then, some new synthetic methods developed in recent years were also presented. Subsequently, the application of onion-like carbon on anode materials of lithium ion secondary battery, counter electrode materials of dye-sensitized solar cell, electrodes materials of electrochemical hydrogen storage and super capacitor, friction and wear, and catalyst fields was summarized. Finally, deficiencies of preparation and application on onion-like carbon were pointed out and future research were put forward.

For any digital chaotic sequence generator, evaluating periodic characteristics which exist in only part of domains of binary chaotic sequences is extremely difficult. In this paper, we present a method which we name the binary sequence period detection (BSPD). The BSPD is a novel detection which evaluates the periodicity in a binary chaotic sequence, by which both the accurate-periodic phenomena and periodic phenomena in part of domains can be detected. Moreover, any periodic phenomenon pattern of a binary sequence can be located by the BSPD method. The experimental results show that the BSPD can detect and extract the periodic phenomena of the classical Logistic chaotic sequence generators.