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4. Activating Mn3O4 by Morphology Tailoring for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Author

Luhua Jiang, Yuan Lizhi, Tianran Zhang, Jutao Jin, Gongquan Sun, and Jing Liu

Subjects
Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Manganese, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, Electrocatalyst, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Electron transfer, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transition metal, Nanorod, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is becoming increasingly important with the development of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Manganese oxides have been one of the focuses of recent research for Pt-alternative ORR catalysts. However, the structure-activity relationships of manganese oxides have not been well studied or understood. In the present work, we report a new finding that there is a strong dependence of the ORR activity of Mn 3 O 4 on its morphology. By adopting different solvents in the wet-chemical synthesis, we are able to tailor the morphology of Mn 3 O 4 from nanoparticles (NP-L, 12.5 nm and NP-S, 5.95 nm) to nanorods (NR, exposure of Mn 3 O 4 (101)) and nanoflake (NF, exposure of Mn 3 O 4 (001)). Surprisingly, surface-specific activity of NF toward the ORR was found to be one order of magnitude higher than NP-L. The morphology-activity relationships of Mn 3 O 4 were further studied through a combination of electrochemical experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was discovered that the formation of *OOH, concomitant with the first electron transfer, is the potential determining step, which is thermo-dynamically more facile on Mn 3 O 4 (001) than (101) plane. The underlying mechanism could be ascribed to the strong interaction between O 2 and Mn 3 O 4 (001) surface as indicated by the DFT calculations. The study enlarges our understanding of Mn 3 O 4 catalysis and provides clues for rational design of highly efficient transitional metal oxide electrocatalysts for the ORR.

Published
2016

7. Meta-analysis of the associations between TNF-α or IL-6 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung cancer.

Author

Zhou W, Zhang S, Hu Y, Na J, Wang N, Ma X, Yuan L, and Meng F

Subjects
Case-Control Studies, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Interleukin-6 genetics, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics
Abstract

Background: Several studies have indicated an association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin (IL)-6 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. However, the conclusions remain controversial., Methods: An English literature screening about case-control trials with regard to TNF-α (-308G/A) or IL-6 (174G/C) polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO until November 2012. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using STATA 11.0. Sensitivity analysis was performed by sequential omission of individual studies. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger's linear regression test and funnel plots., Results: Eight eligible studies, including 1,690 patients and 1,974 controls, were identified in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control, no significant association was revealed between TNF-α-308G/A (GG + GC vs. CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.64; GG vs. GC + CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.27; GC vs. CC: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.77; GG vs. CC: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.36; G vs. C: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.18) or IL-6 174G/C (GG + GC vs. CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.64; GG vs. GC + CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.27; GC vs. CC: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.77; GG vs. CC: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.36; G vs. C: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.18) and lung cancer risk. The pooled OR remained unchanged after removing the maximum-weight study and no publication bias was observed., Conclusions: The study raises the possibility of no correlation between the polymorphisms of the two genes and lung cancer susceptibility. However, further researches with large-sample or subgroup analyses are necessary to validate the conclusions.

Published
2015
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