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INSOMNIA IS AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH PREVALENCE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH WORK ABSENTEEISM, considerable impairment of quality of life, and increased medical and societal costs.1–4 It has been reported that nearly one-third of the adult population in the US suffer from sleep problems.5–7 In recent decades, insomnia received increasing attention from policymakers and health care providers, with a large body of studies undertaken.8 To implement appropriate strategies and effective measures to reduce the personal suffering and harmful consequences created by insomnia, it is essential to understand its prevalence and sociodemographic and clinical correlates. However, the frequency of insomnia across different countries varies considerably, ranging from 6% to 76.3%,9,10 due primarily to differences in interview procedures (telephone interviews vs. face-to-face interviews), the definition of criteria for insomnia, and its time frame (e.g., current, past week, past year, or lifetime).8 Several sociodemographic and clinical factors, such as female sex, advanced age, divorced or separated marital status, low income and educational level, and somatic or psychiatric conditions were found to be associated with insomnia in Western countries.7,9,11–13 To date, however, no studies have explored the prevalence of insomnia and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical correlates in a general population-based survey in China, although previous studies indicate that cultural factors played an important role in insomnia.14,15 In traditional Chinese culture, diligence is highly praised; in contrast, sleep problems are usually minimized.16 Furthermore, the lay public often regards a regular good night's sleep as the manifestation of laziness.16,17 Two famous old sayings frequently quoted to encourage people in China are vivid examples of this attitude: “Pick a light to read for a night” and “Rising up upon hearing the crow of a rooster to practice sword playing”. The study reported herein set out to investigate (1) the prevalence of various types of DSM-IV-defined insomnia in the general population aged ≥15 years living in the urban and rural areas of Beijing, China; (2) the sociodemographic correlates of insomnia; (3) the relationship of insomnia to major medical and psychiatric disorders; and (4) the treatment of people with insomnia.

An unusual kind of transparent and high-efficiency organic silver conductive ink (OSC ink) was synthesized with silver acetate as silver carrier, ethanolamine as additive, and different kinds of aldehyde-based materials as reduction agents and was characterized by using a thermogravimetric analyzer, X-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope, and a four-point probe. The results show that different reduction agents all have an important influence on the conductive properties of the ink through a series of complex chemical reactions, and especially when formic acid or dimethylformamide was used as the reduction agent and sintered at 120°C for 30 s, the resistivity can be lowered to 6 to 9 μΩ·cm. Furthermore, formula mechanism, conductive properties, temperature, and dynamic fatigue properties were investigated systematically, and the feasibility of the OSC ink was also verified through the preparation of an antenna pattern.