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A new nitrogen-containing iridoid glycoside, named (7 R,3���R)-lonijapospiroside A (1), together with thirteen known iridoid glycosides, were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Among them, compounds 1-4 are four diastereoisomers, and their absolute configurations were accurately established by the NOE spectra as well as comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The anti-inflammatory activities of all isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on NO, IL-6, and TNF-�� production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 14 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting IL-6 with an IC50 value of 54.70 ��M, comparable to that of the positive control (hydrocortisone, IC50: 62.6 �� 1.7 ��M).

Lonimacranaldes A and B (1 and 2), along with one biogenetically related intermediate, lonimacranalde C (3), were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. Characterized by an iridoid structure and an additional C-6 unit with an aldehyde group, compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of hybrid iridoids possessing an unexpected 6/5/6 fused tricyclic ring system, while compound 3 serves as an important precursor for their generation. The structures of lonimacranaldes A–C (1–3) were revealed by extensive spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses. A plausible biogenetic pathway for them was proposed. Compound 3 showed anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the production of IL-6 on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 6.33 μM.

Two new iridoid glycosides, 2′-O-cis-coumaroylgardoside (1), and 6′-O-caffeoylioxide (2), were isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESI-MS, NMR) and chemical methods. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on PGE2 production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, compounds 1 and 2 could reduce PGE2 levels in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 121.4 and 83.38 μM, respectively.

Ten cycloart-7-ene triterpenoid glycosides, including three new compounds (1–3), were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga dahurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods and comparison with literatures. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the production of NO, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compounds 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 can reduce the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Western blot analysis indicated that the NO inhibitory effects relied on down-regulating the expression of iNOS, and partially associated with lowering the expression of COX-2.

Lonimacranaldes A and B (1 and 2), along with one biogenetically related intermediate, lonimacranalde C (3), were isolated from the flower buds of

A rare hetero dimeric terpenoid derivative, named japonicaside C, together with five known secoiridoid gloucosides were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Japonicaside C is the first representative of a novel type of hetero dimeric terpenoid, biogenetically originated from a guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid and a secoiridoid glucoside. Anti-virus activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated in vitro.