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Myocardial damage is a critical complication and a significant contributor to mortality in sepsis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in sepsis pathogenesis. In this study, we explore the effect and mechanisms of miR-29b-1-5p on sepsis-induced myocardial damage. Sepsis-associated Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE72380 and GSE29914) are examined for differential miRNAs. The mouse sepsis-induced cardiac injury was established by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). LPS-treated HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes simulate myocardial injury in vitro. miR-29b-1-5p is co-upregulated in both datasets and in cardiac tissue from sepsis mouse and HL-1 cell models. miR-29b-1-5p expression downregulation was achieved by antagomir transduction and confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Survival analysis and echocardiography examination show that miR-29b-1-5p inhibition improves mice survival cardiac function in LPS- and CLP-induced sepsis mice. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining and Immunohistochemistry analysis of mouse myocardial α-smooth muscle actin show that miR-29b-1-5p inhibition reduces myocardial tissue injury and fibrosis. The inflammatory cytokines and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels in mouse serum and HL-1 cells are also decreased by miR-29b-1-5p inhibition, as revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of autophagy-lysosomal pathway-related and apoptosis-related proteins in the mouse cardiac tissues and HL-1 cells are evaluated by western blot analysis. The sepsis-induced activation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and apoptosis are also reversed by miR-29b-1-5p antagomir. MTT and flow cytometry measurement further confirm the protective role of miR-29b-1-5p antagomir in HL-1 cells by increasing cell viability and suppressing cell apoptosis. Metascape functionally enriches TargetScan-predicted miR-29b-1-5p target genes. TargetScan prediction and dual luciferase assay validate the targeting relationship between miR-29b-1-5p and telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TERF2). The expression and function of TERF2 in HL-1 cells and mice are also evaluated. MiR-29b-1-5p negatively regulates the target gene TERF2. TERF2 knockdown partly restores miR-29b-1-5p antagomir function in LPS-stimulated HL-1 cells. In summary, miR-29b-1-5p targetedly inhibits TERF2, thereby enhancing sepsis-induced myocardial injury.

Background and aims: Defective enzymes, cofactors, or transporters of metabolic pathways cause inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), a group of genetic disorders. Several IMDs have serious consequences for the affected neonates. Newborn screening for IMDs is conducted by measuring specific metabolites between 3 and 7 days of life. Herein, we analyzed the incidence, spectrum, and genetic characteristics of IMDs in newborns in the Zhuzhou area.Methods: Tandem mass spectrometry was conducted on 90,829 newborns who were admitted to the Women and Children Healthcare Hospital of Zhuzhou and requested for screening for IMDs. These newborns were subsequently subjected to next-generation sequencing and further validated using Sanger sequencing.Results: 30 IMDs cases were found in 90,829 cases of newborns screened for IMDs, and the overall incidence was 1/3,027. The incidence of amino acid, organic acid, fatty acid oxidation and urea cycle disorders were 1/8,257, 1/18,165, 1/7,569, and 1/45,414, respectively. Additionally, 9 cases of maternal IMDs were found in our study, and unreported gene mutations of 3 cases IMDs were identified.Conclusion: Our data indicated that IMDs are never uncommon in zhuzhou, meanwhile, we also found that primary carnitine deficiency was the only disorder of fatty acid oxidation in Zhuzhou, and the incidence (1/7,569) was higher than the national level, organic acid metabolic diseases are mostly inherited. Therefore, our study has clarified the disease spectrum and genetic backgrounds, contributing to the treatment and prenatal genetic counseling of these disorders in this region.

Objective To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine hot pack therapy combined with meibomian gland massage on relieving uncomfortable symptoms of patients with dry eye of liver-kidney Yin deficiency. Methods Totally 100 patients with dry eye of Liver-kidney Yin deficiency were randomly divided into the study group and control group, with 50 cases in each group. All patients received routine treatment and nursing, and those in the study group were given three course of Chinese herbal medicine hot pack therapy combined with meibomian gland massage. Results The overall effective rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group (98. 00% vs. 70. 00%, P

Abstract Myosin 1b (Myo1b) is an important single-headed membrane-associated motor of class I myosins that participate in many critical physiological and pathological processes. Mounting evidence suggests that the dysregulation of Myo1b expression has been extensively investigated in the development and progression of several tumors. However, the functional mechanism of Myo1b in CRC angiogenesis and autophagy progression remains unclear. Herein, we found that the expression of Myo1b was upregulated in CRC tissues and its high expression was correlated with worse survival. The overexpression of Myo1b promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Conversely, silencing of Myo1b suppressed tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies indicated that Myo1b inhibited the autophagosome-lysosome fusion and potentiated the VEGF secretion of CRC cells to promote angiogenesis. Mechanistically, Myo1b blocked the autophagic degradation of HIF-1α and then led to the accumulation of HIF-1α, thus enhancing VEGF secretion and then promoting tumor angiogenesis in CRC. Together, our study provided novel insights into the role of Myo1b in CRC progression and revealed that it might be a feasible predictive biomarker and promising therapeutic target for CRC patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of Yuzhi Zhixue granules on stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis and endometrial fibrosis in rats with intrauterine adhesions. Methods The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and Yuzhi Zhixue granules low, medium and high dose groups(to establish a rat model of intrauterine adhesions), and were given 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg by gavage respectively, once a day for 21 consecutive days. The levels of serum interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected by kits; HE staining and Masson staining were used to detect the number of endometrial glands and the degree of interstitial fibrosis; the protein expressions of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with those in the sham operation group, the uterine tissue structure of the model group was destroyed, the number of glands decreased, fibrotic hyperplasia was found and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration was found. The levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 were significantly higher (P＜0.05) and the expression of SDF-1 protein in uterine tissue was significantly lower (P＜0.05). Compared with those in the model group, the number of glands in the low, medium and high dose groups of Yuzhi Zhixue Granules increased in turn, the degree of fibrosis was weakened, and the number of inflammatory cells was decreased, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in serum were significantly lower (P＜0.05). The expression of SDF-1 protein in uterus was significantly lower (P＜0.05), and all of them were dose-dependent. Conclusions Yuzhi Zhixue granules can repair the uterine structure of rats with intrauterine adhesions, alleviate tissue fibrosis and reduce inflammatory reaction by inhibition of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.

Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) has been used to treat various musculoskeletal diseases in recent years. However, there is limited knowledge about its effects on the lumbar segments in upright posture mice. This study was performed to investigate the effects of axial Whole body vibration on the intervertebral disc (IVD) and facet joint (FJ) in a novel bipedal mouse model.Methods: Six-week-old male mice were divided into control, bipedal, and bipedal + vibration groups. Taking advantage of the hydrophobia of mice, mice in the bipedal and bipedal + vibration groups were placed in a limited water container and were thus built standing posture for a long time. The standing posture was conducted twice a day for a total of 6 hours per day, 7 days per week. Whole body vibration was conducted during the first stage of bipedal building for 30 min per day (45 Hz with peak acceleration at 0.3 g). The mice of the control group were placed in a water-free container. At the 10th-week after experimentation, intervertebral disc and facet joint were examined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histologic staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and gene expression was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, a finite element (FE) model was built based on the micro-CT, and dynamic Whole body vibration was loaded on the spine model at 10, 20, and 45 Hz.Results: Following 10 weeks of model building, intervertebral disc showed histological markers of degeneration, such as disorders of annulus fibrosus and increased cell death. Catabolism genes’ expression, such as Mmp13, and Adamts 4/5, were enhanced in the bipedal groups, and Whole body vibration promoted these catabolism genes’ expression. Examination of the facet joint after 10 weeks of bipedal with/without Whole body vibration loading revealed rough surface and hypertrophic changes at the facet joint cartilage resembling osteoarthritis. Moreover, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the protein level of hypertrophic markers (Mmp13 and Collagen X) were increased by long-durationstanding posture, and Whole body vibration also accelerated the degenerative changes of facet joint induced by bipedal postures. No changes in the anabolism of intervertebral disc and facet joint were observed in the present study. Furthermore, finite element analysis revealed that a larger frequency of Whole body vibration loading conditions induced higher Von Mises stresses on intervertebral disc, contact force, and displacement on facet joint.Conclusion: The present study revealed significant damage effects of Whole body vibration on intervertebral disc and facet joint in a bipedal mouse model. These findings suggested the need for further studies of the effects of Whole body vibration on lumbar segments of humans.

Abstract Background Ring chromosomes can be formed by terminal breaks of two arms of a chromosome and their rejoining, leading to a loss of genetic material. They may also be formed by telomere-telomere fusions with no deletion, resulting in the formation of a complete ring. Mosaic X-ring chromosomes are extremely rare and have highly variable phenotypes. Here, we report a case with a mosaic X-ring chromosome in a patient with Turner syndrome, and we illustrate the unreported complicated mechanism using chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Case presentation A 10-year-old girl of short stature presenting Turner syndrome was admitted to our hospital. The patient’s clinical characteristics were subsequently documented. Genetic analysis showed a karyotype of mostly 45,X[140]/46,X,r(X)[60]. The X ring chromosome was cytogenetically characterized as 45,X/46,X,r(X)(p22.32q21.1), with a length of approximately 74 Mb. Conclusions Taken together, we report a rare case with a mosaic X ring chromosome in Turner syndrome and we believe this case expands our collective knowledge of mosaic structural chromosomal disorders and provides new insight into clinical management and genetic counseling for Turner syndrome.

Abstract Background Large skin defects severely disrupt the overall skin structure and can irreversibly damage sweat glands (SG), thus impairing the skin’s physiological function. This study aims to develop a stepwise reprogramming strategy to convert fibroblasts into SG lineages, which may provide a promising method to obtain desirable cell types for the functional repair and regeneration of damaged skin. Methods The expression of the SG markers cytokeratin 5 (CK5), cytokeratin 10 (CK10), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Calcium activity analysis was conducted to test the function of induced SG-like cells (iSGCs). Mouse xenograft models were also used to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs. BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into a normal group, SGM treatment group and iSGC transplantation group. Immunocytochemical analyses and starch-iodine sweat tests were used to confirm the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs. Results EDA overexpression drove HDF conversion into iSGCs in SG culture medium (SGM). qPCR indicated significantly increased mRNA levels of the SG markers CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, and flow cytometry data demonstrated (4.18 ± 0.04)% of iSGCs were CK5 positive and (4.36 ± 0.25)% of iSGCs were CK18 positive. The addition of chemical cocktails greatly accelerated the SG fate program. qPCR results revealed significantly increased mRNA expression of CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, as well as activation of the duct marker CK10 and luminal functional marker AQP5. Flow cytometry indicated, after the treatment of chemical cocktails, (23.05 ± 2.49)% of iSGCs expressed CK5+ and (55.79 ± 3.18)% of iSGCs expressed CK18+, respectively. Calcium activity analysis indicated that the reactivity of iSGCs to acetylcholine was close to that of primary SG cells [(60.79 ± 7.71)% vs. (70.59 ± 0.34)%, ns]. In vivo transplantation experiments showed approximately (5.2 ± 1.1)% of the mice were sweat test positive, and the histological analysis results indicated that regenerated SG structures were present in iSGCs-treated mice. Conclusion We developed a SG reprogramming strategy to generate functional iSGCs from HDFs by using the single factor EDA in combination with SGM and small molecules. The generation of iSGCs has important implications for future in situ skin regeneration with SG restoration.

Abstract Background Non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, with a high incidence and no effective treatment. At present, the targeted therapy of intestinal microbes for NAFLD is highly valued. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), as the main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum, is considered to be a new type of prebiotic substance, which can improve NAFLD by regulating the gut microbiota. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LBP supplementation in modulating gut microbiota for NAFLD patients. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study will be conducted in the physical examination center of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Hospital. A total of 50 patients with NAFLD confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, laboratory tests, and questionnaire surveys will be recruited and randomly assigned into the control group (maltodextrin placebo capsules) and the intervention group (LBP supplementation capsules) for 3 months. Neither patients, nor investigators, nor data collectors will know the contents in each capsule and the randomization list. The primary outcome measure is the level of ALT concentration relief after the intervention. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiota abundance and diversity, intestinal permeability, patient’s characteristic demographic data and body composition, adverse effects, and compliance from patients. Discussion LBPs are potential prebiotics with the property of regulating host gut microbiota. Our previous studies have documented that LBP supplement can improve the liver damage and the gut microflora dysbiosis in NAFLD rats. This treatment would provide a more in-depth understanding of the effect of this LBP supplementation. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2000034740 . Registered on 17 July 2020.

Numerous studies unveiled the interactions between intestinal flora and the host and how these affect human health and disease. The gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acids, are related to human metabolism, immunity, and diseases. An increasing number of studies has indicated that intestinal flora and its metabolites contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) development. Revealing the role of intestinal flora and its metabolites in cardiovascular pathogenesis may provide novel strategies for preventing and treating CVDs. However, the specific mechanisms are unclear, and more research is warranted. Here, we reviewed the most recent research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora, its metabolites, and CVDs.

Breast cancer is one of the most common life-threatening cancers, mainly because of its aggressiveness and metastasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the development and progression of breast cancer. Nevertheless, the function and expression level of lncRNAs in breast cancer are still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that lncRNA PCDHB17P was up-expressed in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of PCDHB17P remarkably suppressed migration and invasion, as well as tube formation ability of breast cancer cells. MiR-145-3p was significantly decreased in breast cancer samples, which was negatively correlated to the expression of PCDHB17P. In addition, we identified that MELK was a direct target gene of miR-145-3p, which was higher expressed in breast cancer tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. Mechanistic investigation indicated that PCDHB17P acted as a cancer-promoting competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding miR-145-3p and upregulating MELK. Interestingly, MELK could in turn increase the promoter activity and expression of PCDHB17P via NF-κB, thus forming a positive feedback loop that drives the metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer. Overall, the results demonstrated that the constitutive activation of PCDHB17P/miR-145-3p/MELK/NF-κB feedback loop promotes the metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer, suggesting that this lncRNA might be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.

AIM: To explore the relationship between diabetic retinopathy(DR)and bone mineral density(BMD)in type 2 diabetic patients, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in diabetic retinopathy patients.METHODS: A prospective, controlled study was conducted on 101 type 2 diabetic patients and 17 non-diabetic patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology and Endocrinology of Huangshi Central Hospital from January 2018 to September 2018. General information, BMD results(LB, HB), and laboratory results were recorded for analysis.RESULTS: In patients with diabetes, HB was negatively correlated with the severity of DR(r=-0.23, P=0.02). Further analysis of BMD and severity of DR was performed by gender grouping. There was no statistically significant difference between LB and HB groups in male patients. There were statistically significant differences between the LB and HB groups in female patients(F=3.52, P=0.02; F=5.21, PCONCLUSION: In women with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by DR, the bone mineral density decreased significantly. In the treatment of basic diseases, active intervention for osteoporosis should be paid attention to reduce the risk of fracture.

Introduction: The effects of Jin-Ying-Tang (JYT) on Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling transduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in vitro were examined. Material and Methods: The cytotoxicity of JYT (0.06-62.50 mg/mL) on mouse MECs was determined by MTT assay. The MECs were co-cultured with LPS in the presence or absence of JYT (39.10 μg/mL, 391 μg/mL, 3910 μg/mL). The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the culture supernatants were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of TLR4 and downstream TLR4 signalling molecules such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF-6), inhibitor κB (IκB), and nuclear factor κB inducing kinase (NIK) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The results showed that the IC50 of JYT on MECs was 12.25 mg/mL and JYT could significantly decrease the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated MECs (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, IκB, and NIK was also significantly decreased when the LPS-stimulated MECs were cocultured at appropriate concentrations of JYT (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion: These observations indicate a potential mechanism through which JYT attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/ TRAF-6/NIK pathway at the mRNA level.

The letter discusses the importance of social workers in addressing socioeconomic disparities in chronic liver disease. It critiques a study on income-related disparities in liver disease prevalence in the United States, suggesting improvements in income classification, adjustment for lifestyle factors, use of more accurate diagnostic tools, and consideration of health literacy and disease awareness. The letter emphasizes the role of social workers in raising awareness, providing support, organizing screenings, and advocating for policy changes to reduce the burden of liver disease in low-income communities. [Extracted from the article]