Search

Your search keyword '"Ye, Penglin"' showing total 40 results
Start Over Author "Ye, Penglin" Search Limiters Available in Library Collection
40 results on '"Ye, Penglin"'

1. Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range

Author

Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Vogel, Alexander L, Heinritzi, Martin, Schervish, Meredith, Simon, Mario, Wagner, Andrea C, Dada, Lubna, Ahonen, Lauri R, Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus S, Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Mazon, Stephany Buenrostro, Chen, Dexian, Dias, António, Draper, Danielle C, Duplissy, Jonathan, Haddad, Imad El, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, He, Xucheng, Helm, Johanna, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Andreas, Lampilahti, Janne, Lawler, Michael, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Nowak, John B, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane LJ, Rissanen, Matti P, Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Zha, Qiaozhi, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C, Kulmala, Markku, Smith, James N, Worsnop, Douglas R, Hansel, Armin, Donahue, Neil M, and Winkler, Paul M

Subjects
aerosols, nanoparticle growth, aerosol formation, CLOUD experiment, volatile organic compounds
Abstract

Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes

Published
2018

3. Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions

Author

Kürten, Andreas, Jokinen, Tuija, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Sarnela, Nina, Junninen, Heikki, Adamov, Alexey, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrharta, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzia, Martin, Hutterli, Manuel, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kirkby, Jasper, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Riccobono, Francesco, Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Seinfeld, John H., Steiner, Gerhard, Tomé, António, Tröstl, Jasmin, Winkler, Paul M., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Baltensperger, Urs, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., and Curtius, Joachim

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

For atmospheric sulfuric acid (SA) concentrations the presence of dimethylamine (DMA) at mixing ratios of several parts per trillion by volume can explain observed boundary layer new particle formation rates. However, the concentration and molecular composition of the neutral (uncharged) clusters have not been reported so far due to the lack of suitable instrumentation. Here we report on experiments from the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research revealing the formation of neutral particles containing up to 14 SA and 16 DMA molecules, corresponding to a mobility diameter of about 2 nm, under atmospherically relevant conditions. These measurements bridge the gap between the molecular and particle perspectives of nucleation, revealing the fundamental processes involved in particle formation and growth. The neutral clusters are found to form at or close to the kinetic limit where particle formation is limited only by the collision rate of SA molecules. Even though the neutral particles are stable against evaporation from the SA dimer onward, the formation rates of particles at 1.7-nm size, which contain about 10 SA molecules, are up to 4 orders of magnitude smaller comparedwith those of the dimer due to coagulation and wall loss of particles before they reach 1.7 nm in diameter. This demonstrates that neither the atmospheric particle formation rate nor its dependence on SA can simply be interpreted in terms of cluster evaporation or the molecular composition of a critical nucleus., Comment: Main text plus SI

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere

Author

Tröstl, Jasmin, Chuang, Wayne K, Gordon, Hamish, Heinritzi, Martin, Yan, Chao, Molteni, Ugo, Ahlm, Lars, Frege, Carla, Bianchi, Federico, Wagner, Robert, Simon, Mario, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Williamson, Christina, Craven, Jill S, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Almeida, Joao, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Dias, Antònio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C, Franchin, Alessandro, Fuchs, Claudia, Guida, Roberto, Gysel, Martin, Hansel, Armin, Hoyle, Christopher R, Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Krapf, Manuel, Kürten, Andreas, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael, Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Möhler, Ottmar, Nieminen, Tuomo, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Piel, Felix M, Miettinen, Pasi, Rissanen, Matti P, Rondo, Linda, Sarnela, Nina, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Sengupta, Kamalika, Sipilä, Mikko, Smith, James N, Steiner, Gerhard, Tomè, Antònio, Virtanen, Annele, Wagner, Andrea C, Weingartner, Ernest, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M, Ye, Penglin, Carslaw, Kenneth S, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Riipinen, Ilona, Worsnop, Douglas R, Donahue, Neil M, and Baltensperger, Urs

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Abstract

About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday. Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres. In this critical size range, new particles are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing particles, thereby failing to form new cloud condensation nuclei that are typically 50 to 100 nanometres across. Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce to explain most subsequent growth, leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer. Although recent studies predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidence has been lacking. The accelerating growth may result from increased photolytic production of condensable organic species in the afternoon, and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-Köhler theory), has so far remained ambiguous. Here we present experiments performed in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic particles in the absence of inorganic acids and bases such as sulfuric acid or ammonia and amines, respectively. Using data from the same set of experiments, it has been shown that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation. We focus on the growth of nucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low volatilities (saturation concentration less than 10(-4.5) micrograms per cubic metre). As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concentrations of 10(-4.5) to 10(-0.5) micrograms per cubic metre). We present a particle growth model that quantitatively reproduces our measurements. Furthermore, we implement a parameterization of the first steps of growth in a global aerosol model and find that concentrations of atmospheric cloud concentration nuclei can change substantially in response, that is, by up to 50 per cent in comparison with previously assumed growth rate parameterizations.

Published
2016

6. NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere

Author

Nie, Wei, primary, Yan, Chao, additional, Yang, Liwen, additional, Roldin, Pontus, additional, Liu, Yuliang, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Draper, Danielle C., additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Nichman, Leonid, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Mizelli-Ojdanic, Andrea, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Schallhart, Simon, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Li, Haiyan, additional, Huang, Wei, additional, Qi, Ximeng, additional, Lou, Sijia, additional, Liu, Tengyu, additional, Chi, Xuguang, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Worsnop, Douglas, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Ehn, Mikael, additional, and Ding, Aijun, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation

Author

Gordon, Hamish, Sengupta, Kamalika, Rap, Alexandru, Duplissy, Jonathan, Frege, Carla, Williamson, Christina, Heinritzi, Martin, Simon, Mario, Yan, Chao, Almeida, João, Tröstl, Jasmin, Nieminen, Tuomo, Ortega, Ismael K., Wagner, Robert, Dunne, Eimear M., Adamov, Alexey, Amorim, Antonio, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Chen, Xuemeng, Craven, Jill S., Dias, Antonio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Fischer, Lukas, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Fuchs, Claudia, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hoyle, Christopher R., Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Krapf, Manuel, Kürten, Andreas, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Molteni, Ugo, Monks, Sarah A., Onnela, Antti, Peräkylä, Otso, Piel, Felix, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Pringle, Kirsty J., Richards, Nigel A. D., Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Sarnela, Nina, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Scott, Catherine E., Seinfeld, John H., Sharma, Sangeeta, Sipilä, Mikko, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Virtanen, Annele, Vogel, Alexander Lucas, Wagner, Andrea C., Wagner, Paul E., Weingartner, Ernest, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Ye, Penglin, Zhang, Xuan, Hansel, Armin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Curtius, Joachim, and Carslaw, Kenneth S.

Published
2016

10. NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere

Author

Nie, Wei, Yan, Chao, Yang, Liwen, Roldin, Pontus, Liu, Yuliang, Vogel, Alexander L, Molteni, Ugo, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Finkenzeller, Henning, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Curtius, Joachim, Dada, Lubna, Draper, Danielle C, Duplissy, Jonathan, Hansel, Armin, He, Xu-Cheng, Hofbauer, Victoria, Jokinen, Tuija, Kim, Changhyuk, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Nichman, Leonid, Mauldin, Roy L, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mentler, Bernhard, Mizelli-Ojdanic, Andrea, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane L J, Schallhart, Simon, Simon, Mario, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Volkamer, Rainer, Wagner, Andrea C, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Ye, Penglin, Li, Haiyan, Huang, Wei, Qi, Ximeng, Lou, Sijia, Liu, Tengyu, Chi, Xuguang, Dommen, Josef, Baltensperger, Urs, Haddad, Imad El, Kirkby, Jasper, Worsnop, Douglas, Kulmala, Markku, Donahue, Neil M, Ehn, Mikael, and Ding, Aijun

Subjects
Physics in General
Abstract

The interaction between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO$_{2}$) greatly impacts the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), the key precursors of secondary organic aerosols. It has been thought that HOM production can be significantly suppressed by NO even at low concentrations. Here, we perform dedicated experiments focusing on HOM formation from monoterpenes at low NO concentrations (0 – 82 pptv). We demonstrate that such low NO can enhance HOM production by modulating the RO$_{2}$ loss and favoring the formation of alkoxy radicals that can continue to autoxidize through isomerization. These insights suggest that HOM yields from typical boreal forest emissions can vary between 2.5%-6.5%, and HOM formation will not be completely inhibited even at high NO concentrations. Our findings challenge the notion that NO monotonically reduces HOM yields by extending the knowledge of RO$_{2}$-NO interactions to the low-NO regime. This represents a major advance towards an accurate assessment of HOM budgets, especially in low-NO environments, which prevails in the pre-industrial atmosphere, pristine areas, and the upper boundary layer.

Published
2023

11. Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid-dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions

Author

Kürten, Andreas, Jokinen, Tuija, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Sarnela, Nina, Junninen, Heikki, Adamov, Alexey, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Hutterli, Manuel, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kirkby, Jasper, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Riccobono, Francesco, Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Seinfeld, John H., Steiner, Gerhard, Tomé, António, Tröstl, Jasmin, Winkler, Paul M., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Baltensperger, Urs, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., and Curtius, Joachim

Published
2014

12. Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles

Author

Kirkby, Jasper, Duplissy, Jonathan, Sengupta, Kamalika, Frege, Carla, Gordon, Hamish, Williamson, Christina, Heinritzi, Martin, Simon, Mario, Yan, Chao, Almeida, João, Tröstl, Jasmin, Nieminen, Tuomo, Ortega, Ismael K., Wagner, Robert, Adamov, Alexey, Amorim, Antonio, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Chen, Xuemeng, Craven, Jill, Dias, Antonio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Fuchs, Claudia, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hoyle, Christopher R., Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kim, Jaeseok, Krapf, Manuel, Kürten, Andreas, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Molteni, Ugo, Onnela, Antti, Peräkylä, Otso, Piel, Felix, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Pringle, Kirsty, Rap, Alexandru, Richards, Nigel A. D., Riipinen, Ilona, Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Sarnela, Nina, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Scott, Catherine E., Seinfeld, John H., Sipilä, Mikko, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Virtanen, Annele, Vogel, Alexander L., Wagner, Andrea C., Wagner, Paul E., Weingartner, Ernest, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Ye, Penglin, Zhang, Xuan, Hansel, Armin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Carslaw, Kenneth S., and Curtius, Joachim

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid–amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere

Author

Almeida, João, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Kürten, Andreas, Ortega, Ismael K., Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Praplan, Arnaud P., Adamov, Alexey, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, David, André, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Downard, Andrew, Dunne, Eimear, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Henschel, Henning, Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kajos, Maija, Kangasluoma, Juha, Keskinen, Helmi, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kurtén, Theo, Kvashin, Alexander N., Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Leppä, Johannes, Loukonen, Ville, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, McGrath, Matthew J., Nieminen, Tuomo, Olenius, Tinja, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Riccobono, Francesco, Riipinen, Ilona, Rissanen, Matti, Rondo, Linda, Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Seinfeld, John H., Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Tröstl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Vaattovaara, Petri, Viisanen, Yrjo, Virtanen, Annele, Vrtala, Aron, Wagner, Paul E., Weingartner, Ernest, Wex, Heike, Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Kulmala, Markku, Curtius, Joachim, Baltensperger, Urs, Worsnop, Douglas R., Vehkamäki, Hanna, and Kirkby, Jasper

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

Author

Xiao, Mao, primary, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bell, David, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, António, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, and Dommen, Josef, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Identification of two main origins of intermediate-volatility organic compound emissions from vehicles in China through two-phase simultaneous characterization

Author

Liu, Yuanxiang, primary, Li, Yingjie, additional, Yuan, Zibing, additional, Wang, Hongli, additional, Sha, Qing’e, additional, Lou, Shengrong, additional, Liu, Yuehui, additional, Hao, Yuqi, additional, Duan, Lejun, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Zheng, Junyu, additional, Yuan, Bin, additional, and Shao, Min, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Precursors and Pathways Leading to Enhanced Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze Episodes

Author

Zheng, Yan, Chen, Qi, Cheng, Xi, Mohr, Claudia, Cai, Jing, Huang, Wei, Shrivastava, Manish, Ye, Penglin, Fu, Pingqing, Shi, Xiaodi, Ge, Yanli, Liao, Keren, Miao, Ruqian, Qiu, Xinghua, Koenig, Theodore K., Chen, Shiyi, Zheng, Yan, Chen, Qi, Cheng, Xi, Mohr, Claudia, Cai, Jing, Huang, Wei, Shrivastava, Manish, Ye, Penglin, Fu, Pingqing, Shi, Xiaodi, Ge, Yanli, Liao, Keren, Miao, Ruqian, Qiu, Xinghua, Koenig, Theodore K., and Chen, Shiyi

Abstract

Molecular analyses help to investigate the key precursors and chemical processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We obtained the sources and molecular compositions of organic aerosol in PM2.5 in winter in Beijing by online and offline mass spectrometer measurements. Photochemical and aqueous processing were both involved in producing SOA during the haze events. Aromatics, isoprene, long-chain alkanes or alkenes, and carbonyls such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal were all important precursors. The enhanced SOA formation during the severe haze event was predominantly contributed by aqueous processing that was promoted by elevated amounts of aerosol water for which multifunctional organic nitrates contributed the most followed by organic compounds having four oxygen atoms in their formulae. The latter included dicarboxylic acids and various oxidation products from isoprene and aromatics as well as products or oligomers from methylglyoxal aqueous uptake. Nitrated phenols, organosulfates, and methanesulfonic acid were also important SOA products but their contributions to the elevated SOA mass during the severe haze event were minor. Our results highlight the importance of reducing nitrogen oxides and nitrate for future SOA control. Additionally, the formation of highly oxygenated long-chain molecules with a low degree of unsaturation in polluted urban environments requires further research.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Chemical characterization of oxygenated organic compounds in the gas phase and particle phase using iodide CIMS with FIGAERO in urban air

Author

Ye, Chenshuo, primary, Yuan, Bin, additional, Lin, Yi, additional, Wang, Zelong, additional, Hu, Weiwei, additional, Li, Tiange, additional, Chen, Wei, additional, Wu, Caihong, additional, Wang, Chaomin, additional, Huang, Shan, additional, Qi, Jipeng, additional, Wang, Baolin, additional, Wang, Chen, additional, Song, Wei, additional, Wang, Xinming, additional, Zheng, E, additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Zhang, Zhanyi, additional, Wang, Xuemei, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, and Shao, Min, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Increased Ethanol Production by Disrupting the Competitive Phosphoenolpyruvate Synthesis Pathway and Enhancing the Expression of Ethanol-producing Genes in Synechocystis Sp. PCC6803

Author

Zhu Yangjie, Ye Penglin, E-Bin Gao, Yunxiang Xu, Kwasi Kyere-Yeboah, and Guizhen Chen

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Ethanol, Synechocystis sp, chemistry, Biochemistry, Ethanol fuel, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, Gene
Abstract

BackgroundEthanol is a very important clean energy and it has many applications in medical and chemical fields. Large-scale production of ethanol has mainly been carried out through the fermentation of crops such as grain but its output and cost issues have attracted widespread attention. ResultsWith the ability to fix carbon dioxide directly, cyanobacteria have been used as a photosynthetic microbial cell factory to generate biofuels and chemicals. Here, we constructed the biosynthetic pathway of ethanol in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 through the following approaches. (1) We used homologous substitution to introduce pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) gene from Zymomonas mobilis and NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase (yqhD) gene from Escherichia coli into the neutral site of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. (2) The native superpromoter Pcpc560, consisting of two promoters from the cpcB gene and 14 predicted transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 genome, was used to drive the over-expression of ethanol-producing genes. (3) To further increase ethanol production, we used molecular biotechnology to inhibit the metabolic pathway that direct the carbon flux of intermediate pyruvate metabolism to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) through disrupting the cyanobacterial endogenous PEP synthase. These approaches led to the production of 2.79g/g dry cell weight ethanol directly from light and greenhouse gas CO2 in Synechocystis after cultivating for 9 days. ConclusionOur study provides insights into the biosynthetic pathway for ethanol production in Synechocystis indicating that knocking out the competitive pathway of the initial precursor and enhancing the expression of exogenous genes can effectively increase the amount of the targeted chemicals.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Molecular understanding of new-particle formation from α-pinene between −50 and +25 °C

Author

Simon, Mario, Dada, Lubna, Heinritzi, Martin, Scholz, Wiebke, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Wagner, Andrea C., Kürten, Andreas, Rörup, Birte, He, Xu-Cheng, Almeida, João, Baalbaki, Rima, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus S., Beck, Lisa, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Bräkling, Steffen, Brilke, Sophia, Caudillo, Lucia, Chen, Dexian, Chu, Biwu, Dias, António, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, El-Haddad, Imad, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Gonzalez-Carracedo, Loic, Gordon, Hamish, Granzin, Manuel, Hakala, Jani, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R., Kim, Changhyuk, Kong, Weimeng, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan P., Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nichman, Leonid, Nie, Wei, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Partoll, Eva, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Rissanen, Matti P., Schallhart, Simon, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Schuchmann, Simone, Shen, Jiali, Sipilä, Mikko, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tauber, Christian, Tham, Yee J., Tomé, António R., Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Vogel, Alexander L., Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Wang, Dongyu S., Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Ye, Qing, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zhou, Xueqin, Baltensperger, Urs, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C., Hansel, Armin, Kulmala, Markku, Volkamer, Rainer, Winkler, Paul M., Worsnop, Douglas R., Donahue, Neil M., Kirkby, Jasper, Curtius, Joachim, Tampere University, and Physics

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 114 Physical sciences
Abstract

Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) contribute substantially to the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect air quality, human health and Earth s climate. HOMs are formed by rapid, gasphase autoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as -pinene, the most abundant monoterpene in the atmosphere. Due to their abundance and low volatility, HOMs can play an important role in new-particle formation (NPF) and the early growth of atmospheric aerosols, even without any further assistance of other low-volatility compounds such as sulfuric acid. Both the autoxidation reaction forming HOMs and their NPF rates are expected to be strongly dependent on temperature. However, experimental data on both effects are limited. Dedicated experiments were performed at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN to address this question. In this study, we show that a decrease in temperature (from C25 to 50 C) results in a reduced HOM yield and reduced oxidation state of the products, whereas the NPF rates (J1:7 nm) increase substantially. Measurements with two different chemical ionization mass spectrometers (using nitrate and protonated water as reagent ion, respectively) provide the molecular composition of the gaseous oxidation products, and a two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D VBS) model provides their volatility distribution. The HOM yield decreases with temperature from 6.2% at 25 C to 0.7% at 50 C. However, there is a strong reduction of the saturation vapor pressure of each oxidation state as the temperature is reduced. Overall, the reduction in volatility with temperature leads to an increase in the nucleation rates by up to 3 orders of magnitude at 50 C compared with 25 C. In addition, the enhancement of the nucleation rates by ions decreases with decreasing temperature, since the neutral molecular clusters have increased stability against evaporation. The resulting data quantify how the interplay between the temperature-dependent oxidation pathways and the associated vapor pressures affect biogenic NPF at the molecular level. Our measurements, therefore, improve our understanding of pure biogenic NPF for a wide range of tropospheric temperatures and precursor concentrations. publishedVersion

Published
2020

20. Molecular understanding of new-particle formation from alpha-pinene between - 50 and + 25 degrees C

Author

Simon, Mario, Dada, Lubna, Heinritzi, Martin, Scholz, Wiebke, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Wagner, Andrea C., Kuerten, Andreas, Rorup, Birte, He, Xu-Cheng, Almeida, Joao, Baalbaki, Rima, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus S., Beck, Lisa, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Brakling, Steffen, Brilke, Sophia, Caudillo, Lucia, Chen, Dexian, Chu, Biwu, Dias, Antonio, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, El-Haddad, Imad, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Gonzalez-Carracedo, Loic, Gordon, Hamish, Granzin, Manuel, Hakala, Jani, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R., Kim, Changhyuk, Kong, Weimeng, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan P., Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nichman, Leonid, Nie, Wei, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Partoll, Eva, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Quelever, Lauriane L. J., Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Rissanen, Matti P., Schallhart, Simon, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Schuchmann, Simone, Shen, Jiali, Sipila, Mikko, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tauber, Christian, Tham, Yee J., Tome, Antonio R., Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Vogel, Alexander L., Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Wang, Dongyu S., Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Ye, Qing, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zhou, Xueqin, Baltensperger, Urs, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C., Hansel, Armin, Kulmala, Markku, Volkamer, Rainer, Winkler, Paul M., Worsnop, Douglas R., Donahue, Neil M., Kirkby, Jasper, Curtius, Joachim, Air quality research group, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Polar and arctic atmospheric research (PANDA), Helsinki Institute of Physics, and Department of Physics

Subjects
114 Physical sciences
Abstract

Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) contribute substantially to the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect air quality, human health and Earth's climate. HOMs are formed by rapid, gas-phase autoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as alpha-pinene, the most abundant monoterpene in the atmosphere. Due to their abundance and low volatility, HOMs can play an important role in new-particle formation (NPF) and the early growth of atmospheric aerosols, even without any further assistance of other low-volatility compounds such as sulfuric acid. Both the autoxidation reaction forming HOMs and their NPF rates are expected to be strongly dependent on temperature. However, experimental data on both effects are limited. Dedicated experiments were performed at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN to address this question. In this study, we show that a decrease in temperature (from + 25 to -50 degrees C) results in a reduced HOM yield and reduced oxidation state of the products, whereas the NPF rates (J(1.7) (nm)) increase substantially. Measurements with two different chemical ionization mass spectrometers (using nitrate and protonated water as reagent ion, respectively) provide the molecular composition of the gaseous oxidation products, and a two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D VBS) model provides their volatility distribution. The HOM yield decreases with temperature from 6.2 % at 25 degrees C to 0.7 % at -50 degrees C. However, there is a strong reduction of the saturation vapor pressure of each oxidation state as the temperature is reduced. Overall, the reduction in volatility with temperature leads to an increase in the nucleation rates by up to 3 orders of magnitude at -50 degrees C compared with 25 degrees C. In addition, the enhancement of the nucleation rates by ions decreases with decreasing temperature, since the neutral molecular clusters have increased stability against evaporation. The resulting data quantify how the interplay between the temperature-dependent oxidation pathways and the associated vapor pressures affect biogenic NPF at the molecular level. Our measurements, therefore, improve our understanding of pure biogenic NPF for a wide range of tropospheric temperatures and precursor concentrations.

Published
2020

21. Molecular understanding of the suppression of new-particle formation by isoprene

Author

Heinritzi, Martin, primary, Dada, Lubna, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Amanatidis, Stavros, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Baumgartner, Bernhard, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, Antonio, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Frege, Carla, additional, Fuchs, Claudia, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, He, Xucheng, additional, Helm, Johanna, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Kangasluoma, Juha, additional, Keber, Timo, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Laurila, Tiia M., additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna Elina, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy Lee, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Passananti, Monica, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Rose, Clémence, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Scholze, Kay, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Virtanen, Annele, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Molecular understanding of new-particle formation from <i>α</i>-pinene between −50 and +25 °C

Author

Simon, Mario, primary, Dada, Lubna, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Almeida, João, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bergen, Anton, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Bräkling, Steffen, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Caudillo, Lucia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dias, António, additional, Draper, Danielle C., additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Frege, Carla, additional, Gonzalez-Carracedo, Loic, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Hakala, Jani, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan P., additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Nichman, Leonid, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Ojdanic, Andrea, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Schallhart, Simon, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee J., additional, Tomé, António R., additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors

Author

Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Yan, Chao, Dada, Lubna, Bianchi, Federico, Xiao, Mao, Wagner, Robert, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Ahonen, Lauri R., Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus S., Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Buchholz, Angela, Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany, Chen, Dexian, Chen, Xuemeng, Dias, António, Dommen, Josef, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehn, Mikael, Finkenzeller, Henning, Fischer, Lukas, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, Hakala, Jani, He, Xucheng, Heikkinen, Liine, Heinritzi, Martin, Helm, Johanna C., Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R., Jokinen, Tuija, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Andreas, Lawler, Michael J., Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin III, Roy L., Molteni, Ugo, Nichman, Leonid, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Piel, Felix, Pospisilova, Veronika, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Rissanen, Matti P., Rose, Clémence, Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Schuchmann, Simone, Sengupta, Kamalika, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Tröstl, Jasmin, Väisänen, Olli, Vogel, Alexander L., Volkamer, Rainer, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Ylisirniö, Arttu, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Flagan, Richard C., Hansel, Armin, Riipinen, Ilona, Virtanen, Annele, Winkler, Paul M., Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, and Worsnop, Douglas R.

Subjects
inorganic chemicals
Abstract

A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH3) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NOx suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system., Science Advances, 4 (12), ISSN:2375-2548

Published
2018

24. Production of N2O5 and ClNO2 in summer in urban Beijing, China

Author

Zhou, Wei, Zhao, Jian, Ouyang, Bin, Mehra, Archit, Xu, Weiqi, Wang, Yuying, Bannan, Thomas J., Worrall, Stephen D., Priestley, Michael, Bacak, Asan, Chen, Qi, Xie, Conghui, Wang, Qingqing, Wang, Junfeng, Du, Wei, Zhang, Yingjie, Ge, Xinlei, Ye, Penglin, Lee, James D., Fu, Pingqing, Wang, Zifa, Worsnop, Douglas, Jones, Roderic, Percival, Carl J., Coe, Hugh, and Sun, Yele

Abstract

The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) has a significant impact on both nocturnal particulate nitrate formation and photochemistry on the following day through the photolysis of nitryl chloride (ClNO2), yet these processes in highly polluted urban areas remain poorly understood. Here we present measurements of gas-phase N2O5 and ClNO2 by high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) during summer in urban Beijing, China as part of the Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) campaign. N2O5 and ClNO2 show large day-to-day variations with average (±1σ ) mixing ratios of 79.2±157.1 and 174.3±262.0 pptv, respectively. High reactivity of N2O5, with ., (N2O5)'1 ranging from 0.20 × 10'2 to 1.46 × 10'2 s'1, suggests active nocturnal chemistry and a large nocturnal nitrate formation potential via N2O5 heterogeneous uptake. The lifetime of N2O5, ., (N2O5), decreases rapidly with the increase in aerosol surface area, yet it varies differently as a function of relative humidity with the highest value peaking at 1/4 40 %. The N2O5 uptake coefficients estimated from the product formation rates of ClNO2 and particulate nitrate are in the range of 0.017-0.19, corresponding to direct N2O5 loss rates of 0.00044-0.0034 s'1. Further analysis indicates that the fast N2O5 loss in the nocturnal boundary layer in urban Beijing is mainly attributed to its indirect loss via NO3, for example through the reactions with volatile organic compounds and NO, while the contribution of the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 is comparably small (7-33 %). High ClNO2 yields ranging from 0.10 to 0.35 were also observed, which might have important implications for air quality by affecting nitrate and ozone formation.

Published
2018

25. Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range

Author

Seinfeld, John H., Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Vogel, Alexander L., Heinritzi, Martin, Schervish, Meredith, Simon, Mario, Wagner, Andrea Christine, Dada, Lubna, Ahonen, Lauri R., Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus Salomon, Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany, Chen, Dexian, Dias, Antonio, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, He, Xucheng, Helm, Johanna, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher Robert, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Lampilahti, Janne, Lawler, Michael Joseph, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Nowak, John B., Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Rissanen, Matti P., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, Antonio, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Zha, Qiaozhi, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C., Kulmala, Markku, Smith, James N., Worsnop, Douglas R., Hansel, Armin, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Winkler, Paul M., Seinfeld, John H., Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Vogel, Alexander L., Heinritzi, Martin, Schervish, Meredith, Simon, Mario, Wagner, Andrea Christine, Dada, Lubna, Ahonen, Lauri R., Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus Salomon, Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany, Chen, Dexian, Dias, Antonio, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, He, Xucheng, Helm, Johanna, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher Robert, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Lampilahti, Janne, Lawler, Michael Joseph, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Nowak, John B., Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Rissanen, Matti P., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, Antonio, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Zha, Qiaozhi, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C., Kulmala, Markku, Smith, James N., Worsnop, Douglas R., Hansel, Armin, Donahue, Neil McPherson, and Winkler, Paul M.

Abstract

Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes <10 nm, where coagulation losses to larger aerosol particles are greatest. Recent results show that some oxidation products from biogenic volatile organic compounds are major contributors to particle formation and initial growth. However, whether oxidized organics contribute to particle growth over the broad span of tropospheric temperatures remains an open question, and quantitative mass balance for organic growth has yet to be demonstrated at any temperature. Here, in experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), we show that rapid growth of organic particles occurs over the range from −25 ∘C to 25 ∘C. The lower extent of autoxidation at reduced temperatures is compensated by the decreased volatility of all oxidized molecules. This is confirmed by particle-phase composition measurements, showing enhanced uptake of relatively less oxygenated products at cold temperatures. We can reproduce the measured growth rates using an aerosol growth model based entirely on the experimentally measured gas-phase spectra of oxidized organic molecules obtained from two complementary mass spectrometers. We show that the growth rates are sensitive to particle curvature, explaining widespread atmospheric observations that particle growth rates increase in the single-digit-nanometer size range. Our results demonstrate that organic vapors can contribute to particle growth over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures from molecular cluster sizes onward.

Published
2018

26. New particle formation in the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–water system : reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model

Author

Khosrawi, Farahnaz, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Li, Chenxi, Bianchi, Federico, Curtius, Joachim, Dias, Antonio, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Duplissy, Jonathan, Flagan, Richard C., Hakala, Jani, Jokinen, Tuija, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Onnela, Antti, Rissanen, Matti P., Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tröstl, Jasmin, Ye, Penglin, McMurry, Peter H., Khosrawi, Farahnaz, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Li, Chenxi, Bianchi, Federico, Curtius, Joachim, Dias, Antonio, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Duplissy, Jonathan, Flagan, Richard C., Hakala, Jani, Jokinen, Tuija, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Onnela, Antti, Rissanen, Matti P., Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tröstl, Jasmin, Ye, Penglin, and McMurry, Peter H.

Abstract

A recent CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber study showed that sulfuric acid and dimethylamine produce new aerosols very efficiently and yield particle formation rates that are compatible with boundary layer observations. These previously published new particle formation (NPF) rates are reanalyzed in the present study with an advanced method. The results show that the NPF rates at 1.7 nm are more than a factor of 10 faster than previously published due to earlier approximations in correcting particle measurements made at a larger detection threshold. The revised NPF rates agree almost perfectly with calculated rates from a kinetic aerosol model at different sizes (1.7 and 4.3 nm mobility diameter). In addition, modeled and measured size distributions show good agreement over a wide range of sizes (up to ca. 30 nm). Furthermore, the aerosol model is modified such that evaporation rates for some clusters can be taken into account; these evaporation rates were previously published from a flow tube study. Using this model, the findings from the present study and the flow tube experiment can be brought into good agreement for the high base-to-acid ratios (∼ 100) relevant for this study. This confirms that nucleation proceeds at rates that are compatible with collision-controlled (a.k.a. kinetically controlled) NPF for the conditions during the CLOUD7 experiment (278 K, 38 % relative humidity, sulfuric acid concentration between 1 × 106 and 3 × 107 cm−3, and dimethylamine mixing ratio of ∼ 40 pptv, i.e., 1 × 109 cm−3).

Published
2018

27. Monitoring Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and its phosphorylated redox metabolism using genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors

Author

Jessica Denteh, E-Bin Gao, Kwasi Kyere-Yeboah, Ye Penglin, and Liu Kun

Subjects
Catabolism, 010401 analytical chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Redox, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biochemistry, chemistry, In vivo, Signal Processing, Phosphorylation, NAD+ kinase, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor, Biotechnology
Abstract

NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH are crucial for all living organisms. They are responsible for both anabolic and catabolic reactions in cells. Maintaining metabolic redox equilibrium is essential. For several years, monitoring these pyridine dinucleotides in vivo and in situ was challenging but recent advancements and development of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have paved the way for real-time imaging of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH. A biosensor is an analytical device that combines a biological component to a detector. It can monitor and communicate information about live biological processes. We discuss and summarize recent developments in genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, their applications, merits and demerits in this review.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Production of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; and ClNO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in summer in urban Beijing, China

Author

Zhou, Wei, primary, Zhao, Jian, additional, Ouyang, Bin, additional, Mehra, Archit, additional, Xu, Weiqi, additional, Wang, Yuying, additional, Bannan, Thomas J., additional, Worrall, Stephen D., additional, Priestley, Michael, additional, Bacak, Asan, additional, Chen, Qi, additional, Xie, Conghui, additional, Wang, Qingqing, additional, Wang, Junfeng, additional, Du, Wei, additional, Zhang, Yingjie, additional, Ge, Xinlei, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Lee, James D., additional, Fu, Pingqing, additional, Wang, Zifa, additional, Worsnop, Douglas, additional, Jones, Roderic, additional, Percival, Carl J., additional, Coe, Hugh, additional, and Sun, Yele, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. New particle formation in the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model

Author

Kürten, Andreas, primary, Li, Chenxi, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Dias, António, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hakala, Jani, additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Laaksonen, Ari, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tröstl, Jasmin, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, and McMurry, Peter H., additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Influence of temperature on the molecular composition of ions and charged clusters during pure biogenic nucleation

Author

Frege, Carla, primary, Ortega, Ismael K., additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Praplan, Arnaud P., additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Ahonen, Lauri, additional, Amorim, António, additional, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Breitenlechner, Martin, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Dias, António, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Ehrhart, Sebastian, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Fuchs, Claudia, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Gonin, Marc, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Junninen, Heikki, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Mauldin, Roy Lee, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Nichman, Leonid, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Sarnela, Nina, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, and Baltensperger, Urs, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber

Author

Wagner, Robert, Yan, Chao, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Duplissy, Jonathan, Nieminen, Tuomo, Kangasluoma, Juha, Ahonen, Lauri R., Dada, Lubna, Kontkanen, Jenni, Manninen, Hanna E., Dias, Antonio, Amorim, Antonio, Bauer, Paulus S., Bergen, Anton, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Bianchi, Federico, Brilke, Sophia, Mazon, Stephany Buenrostro, Chen, Xuemeng, Draper, Danielle C., Fischer, Lukas, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, Hakala, Jani, Heikkinen, Liine, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R., Kirkby, Jasper, Kürten, Andreas, Kvashnin, Alexander N., Laurila, Tiia, Lawler, Michael J., Mai, Huajun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mauldin, Roy L., Molteni, Ugo, Nichman, Leonid, Nie, Wei, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Piel, Felix, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Rissanen, Matti P., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Sengupta, Kamalika, Simon, Mario, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tröstl, Jasmin, Viisanen, Yrjo, Vogel, Alexander L., Wagner, Andrea C., Xiao, Mao, Ye, Penglin, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Flagan, Richard C., Gallagher, Martin, Hansel, Armin, Smith, James N., Tomé, António, Winkler, Paul M., Worsnop, Douglas, Ehn, Mikael, Sipilä, Mikko, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Kulmala, Markku, Wagner, Robert, Yan, Chao, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Duplissy, Jonathan, Nieminen, Tuomo, Kangasluoma, Juha, Ahonen, Lauri R., Dada, Lubna, Kontkanen, Jenni, Manninen, Hanna E., Dias, Antonio, Amorim, Antonio, Bauer, Paulus S., Bergen, Anton, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Bianchi, Federico, Brilke, Sophia, Mazon, Stephany Buenrostro, Chen, Xuemeng, Draper, Danielle C., Fischer, Lukas, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, Hakala, Jani, Heikkinen, Liine, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R., Kirkby, Jasper, Kürten, Andreas, Kvashnin, Alexander N., Laurila, Tiia, Lawler, Michael J., Mai, Huajun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mauldin, Roy L., Molteni, Ugo, Nichman, Leonid, Nie, Wei, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Piel, Felix, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Rissanen, Matti P., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Sengupta, Kamalika, Simon, Mario, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tröstl, Jasmin, Viisanen, Yrjo, Vogel, Alexander L., Wagner, Andrea C., Xiao, Mao, Ye, Penglin, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Flagan, Richard C., Gallagher, Martin, Hansel, Armin, Smith, James N., Tomé, António, Winkler, Paul M., Worsnop, Douglas, Ehn, Mikael, Sipilä, Mikko, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Petäjä, Tuukka, and Kulmala, Markku

Abstract

The formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere accounts for more than half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Experiments at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber have underlined the importance of ions for new particle formation, but quantifying their effect in the atmosphere remains challenging. By using a novel instrument setup consisting of two nanoparticle counters, one of them equipped with an ion filter, we were able to further investigate the ion-related mechanisms of new particle formation. In autumn 2015, we carried out experiments at CLOUD on four systems of different chemical compositions involving monoterpenes, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. We measured the influence of ions on the nucleation rates under precisely controlled and atmospherically relevant conditions. Our results indicate that ions enhance the nucleation process when the charge is necessary to stabilize newly formed clusters, i.e., in conditions in which neutral clusters are unstable. For charged clusters that were formed by ion-induced nucleation, we were able to measure, for the first time, their progressive neutralization due to recombination with oppositely charged ions. A large fraction of the clusters carried a charge at 1.5 nm diameter. However, depending on particle growth rates and ion concentrations, charged clusters were largely neutralized by ion-ion recombination before they grew to 2.5 nm. At this size, more than 90% of particles were neutral. In other words, particles may originate from ion-induced nucleation, although they are neutral upon detection at diameters larger than 2.5 nm. Observations at Hyytiala, Finland, showed lower ion concentrations and a lower contribution of ion-induced nucleation than measured at CLOUD under similar conditions. Although this can be partly explained by the observation that ion-induced fractions decrease towards lower ion concentrations, further investigations are needed to resolve the origin of the

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. New particle formation in the sulfuric acid-dimethylamine-water system : reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model

Author

Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Li, Chenxi, Bianchi, Federico, Curtius, Joachim, Dias, Antonio, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Duplissy, Jonathan, Flagan, Richard C., Hakala, Jani, Jokinen, Tuija, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Onnela, Antti, Rissanen, Matti P., Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tröstl, Jasmin, Ye, Penglin, McMurry, Peter H., Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Li, Chenxi, Bianchi, Federico, Curtius, Joachim, Dias, Antonio, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Duplissy, Jonathan, Flagan, Richard C., Hakala, Jani, Jokinen, Tuija, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Onnela, Antti, Rissanen, Matti P., Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tröstl, Jasmin, Ye, Penglin, and McMurry, Peter H.

Abstract

A recent CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber study showed that sulfuric acid and dimethylamine produce new aerosols very efficiently, and yield particle formation rates that are compatible with boundary layer observations. These previously published new particle formation (NPF) rates are re-analyzed in the present study with an advanced method. The results show that the NPF rates at 1.7 nm are more than a factor of 10 faster than previously published due to earlier approximations in correcting particle measurements made at larger detection threshold. The revised NPF rates agree almost perfectly with calculated rates from a kinetic aerosol model at different sizes (1.7 nm and 4.3 nm mobility diameter). In addition, modeled and measured size distributions show good agreement over a wide range (up to ca. 30 nm). Furthermore, the aerosol model is modified such that evaporation rates for some clusters can be taken into account; these evaporation rates were previously published from a flow tube study. Using this model, the findings from the present study and the flow tube experiment can be brought into good agreement. This confirms that nucleation proceeds at rates that are compatible with collision-controlled (a.k.a. kinetically-controlled) new particle formation for the conditions during the CLOUD7 experiment (278 K, 38% RH, sulfuric acid concentration between 1×106 and 3×107 cm-3 and dimethylamine mixing ratio of ~40 pptv). Finally, the simulation of atmospheric new particle formation reveals that even tiny mixing ratios of dimethylamine (0.1 pptv) yield NPF rates that could explain significant boundary layer particle formation. This highlights the need for improved speciation and quantification techniques for atmospheric gas-phase amine measurements.

Published
2017

34. The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber

Author

Wagner, Robert, primary, Yan, Chao, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, Kangasluoma, Juha, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Kontkanen, Jenni, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Dias, Antonio, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Bergen, Anton, additional, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Mazon, Stephany Buenrostro, additional, Chen, Xuemeng, additional, Draper, Danielle C., additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Frege, Carla, additional, Fuchs, Claudia, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Hakala, Jani, additional, Heikkinen, Liine, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Kvashnin, Alexander N., additional, Laurila, Tiia, additional, Lawler, Michael J., additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Mauldin III, Roy L., additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Nichman, Leonid, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Ojdanic, Andrea, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Sarnela, Nina, additional, Schallhart, Simon, additional, Sengupta, Kamalika, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tröstl, Jasmin, additional, Viisanen, Yrjö, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Gallagher, Martin, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Smith, James N., additional, Tomé, António, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Worsnop, Douglas, additional, Ehn, Mikael, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, and Kulmala, Markku, additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Production of N2O5 and ClNO2 in summer in urban Beijing, China.

Author

Zhou, Wei, Zhao, Jian, Ouyang, Bin, Mehra, Archit, Xu, Weiqi, Wang, Yuying, Bannan, Thomas J., Worrall, Stephen D., Priestley, Michael, Bacak, Asan, Chen, Qi, Xie, Conghui, Wang, Qingqing, Wang, Junfeng, Du, Wei, Zhang, Yingjie, Ge, Xinlei, Ye, Penglin, Lee, James D., and Fu, Pingqing

Subjects
PARTICULATE matter, PARTICULATE nitrate, AIR pollutants, PHOTOCHEMISTRY, PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry), POLLUTION
Abstract

The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) has a significant impact on both nocturnal particulate nitrate formation and photochemistry on the following day through the photolysis of nitryl chloride (ClNO2), yet these processes in highly polluted urban areas remain poorly understood. Here we present measurements of gas-phase N2O5 and ClNO2 by high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) during summer in urban Beijing, China as part of the Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) campaign. N2O5 and ClNO2 show large day-to-day variations with average (±1δ) mixing ratios of 79:2±157:1 and 174:3±262:0 pptv, respectively. High reactivity of N2O5, with ζ (N2O5/-1 ranging from 0.20×10-2 to 1.46×10-2 s-1, suggests active nocturnal chemistry and a large nocturnal nitrate formation potential via N2O5 heterogeneous uptake. The lifetime of N2O5, ζ (N2O5), decreases rapidly with the increase in aerosol surface area, yet it varies differently as a function of relative humidity with the highest value peaking at ~40%. The N2O5 uptake coefficients estimated from the product formation rates of ClNO2 and particulate nitrate are in the range of 0.017-0.19, corresponding to direct N2O5 loss rates of 0.00044-0.0034 s-1. Further analysis indicates that the fast N2O5 loss in the nocturnal boundary layer in urban Beijing is mainly attributed to its indirect loss via NO3, for example through the reactions with volatile organic compounds and NO, while the contribution of the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 is comparably small (7-33%). High ClNO2 yields ranging from 0.10 to 0.35 were also observed, which might have important implications for air quality by affecting nitrate and ozone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. New particle formation in the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model

Author

Kürten, Andreas, Li, Chenxi, Bianchi, Federico, Curtius, Joachim, Dias, António, Donahue, Neil M., Duplissy, Jonathan, Flagan, Richard C., Hakala, Jani, Jokinen, Tuija, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Onnela, Antti, Rissanen, Matti P., Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tröstl, Jasmin, Ye, Penglin, McMurry, Peter H., and Khosrawi, Farahnaz

Subjects
Physics in General, ddc:550
Abstract

A recent CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber study showed that sulfuric acid and dimethylamine produce new aerosols very efficiently and yield particle formation rates that are compatible with boundary layer observations. These previously published new particle formation (NPF) rates are reanalyzed in the present study with an advanced method. The results show that the NPF rates at 1.7 nm are more than a factor of 10 faster than previously published due to earlier approximations in correcting particle measurements made at a larger detection threshold. The revised NPF rates agree almost perfectly with calculated rates from a kinetic aerosol model at different sizes (1.7 and 4.3 nm mobility diameter). In addition, modeled and measured size distributions show good agreement over a wide range of sizes (up to ca. 30 nm). Furthermore, the aerosol model is modified such that evaporation rates for some clusters can be taken into account; these evaporation rates were previously published from a flow tube study. Using this model, the findings from the present study and the flow tube experiment can be brought into good agreement for the high base-to-acid ratios (∼ 100) relevant for this study. This confirms that nucleation proceeds at rates that are compatible with collision-controlled (a.k.a. kinetically controlled) NPF for the conditions during the CLOUD7 experiment (278 K, 38 % relative humidity, sulfuric acid concentration between $1 \times 10^{6}$ and $3 \times 10^{7}$ cm$^{−3}$, and dimethylamine mixing ratio of ∼ 40 pptv, i.e., $1 \times 10^{9}$ cm$^{−3}$).

Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Rewiring carbon flow in Synechocystis PCC 6803 for a high rate of CO 2 -to-ethanol under an atmospheric environment.

Author

Gao EB, Wu J, Ye P, Qiu H, Chen H, and Fang Z

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are an excellent microbial photosynthetic platform for sustainable carbon dioxide fixation. One bottleneck to limit its application is that the natural carbon flow pathway almost transfers CO 2 to glycogen/biomass other than designed biofuels such as ethanol. Here, we used engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to explore CO 2 -to-ethanol potential under atmospheric environment. First, we investigated the effects of two heterologous genes (pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase) on ethanol biosynthesis and optimized their promoter. Furthermore, the main carbon flow of the ethanol pathway was strengthened by blocking glycogen storage and pyruvate-to-phosphoenolpyruvate backflow. To recycle carbon atoms that escaped from the tricarboxylic acid cycle, malate was artificially guided back into pyruvate, which also created NADPH balance and promoted acetaldehyde conversion into ethanol. Impressively, we achieved high-rate ethanol production (248 mg/L/day at early 4 days) by fixing atmospheric CO 2 . Thus, this study exhibits the proof-of-concept that rewiring carbon flow strategies could provide an efficient cyanobacterial platform for sustainable biofuel production from atmospheric CO 2 ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Gao, Wu, Ye, Qiu, Chen and Fang.)

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors.

Author

Lehtipalo K, Yan C, Dada L, Bianchi F, Xiao M, Wagner R, Stolzenburg D, Ahonen LR, Amorim A, Baccarini A, Bauer PS, Baumgartner B, Bergen A, Bernhammer AK, Breitenlechner M, Brilke S, Buchholz A, Mazon SB, Chen D, Chen X, Dias A, Dommen J, Draper DC, Duplissy J, Ehn M, Finkenzeller H, Fischer L, Frege C, Fuchs C, Garmash O, Gordon H, Hakala J, He X, Heikkinen L, Heinritzi M, Helm JC, Hofbauer V, Hoyle CR, Jokinen T, Kangasluoma J, Kerminen VM, Kim C, Kirkby J, Kontkanen J, Kürten A, Lawler MJ, Mai H, Mathot S, Mauldin RL 3rd, Molteni U, Nichman L, Nie W, Nieminen T, Ojdanic A, Onnela A, Passananti M, Petäjä T, Piel F, Pospisilova V, Quéléver LLJ, Rissanen MP, Rose C, Sarnela N, Schallhart S, Schuchmann S, Sengupta K, Simon M, Sipilä M, Tauber C, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Väisänen O, Vogel AL, Volkamer R, Wagner AC, Wang M, Weitz L, Wimmer D, Ye P, Ylisirniö A, Zha Q, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Donahue NM, Flagan RC, Hansel A, Riipinen I, Virtanen A, Winkler PM, Baltensperger U, Kulmala M, and Worsnop DR

Abstract

A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH 3 ) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NO x suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH 3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results