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For endoscopists, large-scale screening of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is arduous and time-consuming. While their workload and human factor-induced errors can be reduced by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, the existing ones mainly focus on a limited number of lesions or specific organs, making them unsuitable for diagnosing various GI diseases in large-scale disease screening. This paper proposes a transformer and convolutional neural network-based CAD system (called TransMSF) to assist endoscopists in diagnosing multiple GI diseases. This system constructs two feature extraction paths with different coding methods to obtain the lesions’ global and local information. In addition, downsampling is implemented in transformer to get global information of different scales, further enriching the feature representation and reducing the amount of computation and memory occupation. Moreover, a channel and spatial attention module with fewer parameters was successfully designed to pay more attention to the target and reduce the loss of important information during spatial dimension transformation. Finally, the extracted feature information is fused through the feature fusion module and then input into the linear classifier for disease diagnosis. The proposed system outperformed that of other state-of-the-art models on two datasets, reaching a 98.41% precision, a 98.15% recall, a 98.13% accuracy, and a 98.28% F1 score on the in-house GI dataset versus a 95.88% precision, a 95.88% recall, a 98.97% accuracy, and a 95.88% F1 score on the public Kvasir dataset. Moreover, TransMSF’s performance was superior to that of seasoned endoscopists. The above results prove that the proposed system is instrumental in diagnosing GI diseases in large-scale disease screening. It can also be used as a training tool for junior endoscopists to improve their professional skills by rendering helpful suggestions.

A deep learning screening model of esophageal endoscopic images can reduce the burden on endoscopists. However, most deep learning methods require many labeled data with balanced categories, and their ability to deal with new diseases not appearing in the training set is limited. This study elaborated a semi-supervised anomaly detection model for the initial screening of esophageal endoscopic images, requiring a single class of samples as a training set. The reconstruction-based method was used for anomaly detection. The model’s framework was a variational auto-encoder, with two memory modules added in latent space to restrain its generalization ability. In the memory module, a clustering operation was introduced to provide a better distribution of memory vectors, promoting their compactness with encoded features and separation from each other. A detailed description and theoretical substantiation of the proposed model were presented. A dataset containing 7989 esophageal endoscopic images labeled by experienced endoscopists was used for numerical experiments. The proposed model results were compared with those of other auto-encoder-based anomaly detection methods, outperforming them and achieving an area under the curve of 0.8212. The ablation study was also conducted to validate the effectiveness of each model’s part, and new data were successfully incorporated to assess the model feasibility and applicability range.

To study the residue behavior of pyraclostrobin in wax gourd, and evaluate the risk of dietary intake. Wax gourd samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified with PSA and C18, detected by HPLC-MS/MS. In 2017, the supervised field trials of pyraclostrobin in wax gourd were carried out in Henan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Beijing, Hunan, and Guangxi. The STMR of pyraclostrobin in wax gourd was acquired, and then the risk of dietary intake was evaluated. At the three spiked levels of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg-1, the average recoveries ranged from 95% to 104%, the RSDs ranged from 2.1% to 3.8%, and LOQ was 0.01 mg kg-1. The dissipation of pyraclostrobin in wax gourd in Sichuan fitted to the first order kinetics with the half-life of 4.1d. The 250 gL-1 emulsifiable concentrate of pyraclostrobin was sprayed at 150 and 225 g a.i./hm2 for 2-3 times on wax gourd. The final residue level of pyraclostrobin in wax gourd was between

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a common type among all the interstitial lung diseases, and transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is an alternative diagnostic technique for interstitial lung diseases. In this study, we describe the clinical and pathological features of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis diagnosed with transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC).A total of 46 diffused parenchyma lung disease (DPLD) patients received TBLC were included in this study. Medical records including medical history spirometry examinations, 6-min walk test (6MWT) results, high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scans, BAL, and histopathology were collected. Results of HRCT and histopathology were compared and classified, especially.Sixteen patients were diagnosed with fibrotic HP, the mean age of whom was 56.3 ± 12.1 years, and 62.5% of them were male. Three of the 16 patients had been misdiagnosed as tuberculosis and received antituberculosis medications, five patients had been diagnosed as unclassifiable pulmonary fibrosis, and five patients had been diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Thirteen (81.3%) patients had a normal lymphocyte count in BAL. The pathological features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) were detected in 11 (68.8%) of the cases, poor defined granulomatous was detected in nine (56.3%) of the cases, and bronchiolocentric fibrosis was detected in two (12.5%) of the 16 cases.Fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis should be included in differential diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. Pathological characteristics of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis could be demonstrated from cryobiopsy lung tissue. TBLC is recommended as an alternative diagnostic technique, which may improve the specificity of hypersensitivity pneumonia detection, and UIP is the most frequent pathological finding.

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, vertically assembled by two kinds of two-dimensional layered materials with extraordinary electronic and optical properties, has emerged as an interesting candidate in the applications of electronics and optoelectronics. It is known that vacancies are crucial in determining the physical properties of materials, and always exist in the materials during the process of actual experimental preparations and can be artificially introduced. In the present work, the structures and electronic properties of a black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide (BP/MoS2) vdW heterostructure with P atom vacancies are investigated via first principles calculations. Based on the structural symmetry, two types of heterostructures with single-atom vacancy and three types of heterostructures with diatomic vacancies are constructed. It is found that the presence of a single P atom vacancy leads to the transformation from semiconductor to metal in the BP/MoS2 heterostructure, which is mainly due to the contribution of the remaining P atomic p orbitals based on analyses of the partial density of states (PDOS). On the other hand, the heterostructures with diatomic P atom vacancies still maintain their pristine semiconductor features, along with a decrease in their bandgap value. In addition, the plane electrostatic potential indicates that the introduction of P atom vacancy defects causes a change in the electrostatic potential of the BP atomic layer, resulting in asymmetric electrostatic potential on both sides of the BP layer. Finally, it is interesting to note that the accumulation-depletion of electrons occurs around the vacancy, but also partially emerges at the MoS2 layer. Our results provide the possibility for the application of 2D-vacancy-defect heterostructure systems.

The family with sequence similarity 20-member C (Fam20C) kinase plays important roles in physiopathological process and is responsible for majority of the secreted phosphoproteome, including substrates associated with tumor cell migration. However, it remains unclear whether Fam20C plays a role in cancers. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression and prognostic value of Fam20C in pan-cancer and to gain insights into the association between Fam20C and immune infiltration.We analyzed Fam20C expression patterns and the associations between Fam20C expression levels and prognosis in pan-cancer via the ONCOMINE, TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource), PrognoScan, GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis), and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. After that, GEPIA and TIMER databases were applied to investigate the relations between Fam20C expression and immune infiltration across different cancer types, especially BLCA (bladder urothelial carcinoma), LGG (brain lower grade glioma), and STAD (stomach adenocarcinoma).Compared with adjacent normal tissues, Fam20C was widely expressed across many cancers. In general, Fam20C showed a detrimental role in pan-cancer, it was positively associated with poor survival of BLCA, LGG, and STAD patients. Specifically, based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, a high expression level of Fam20C was associated with worse prognostic value in stages T2-T4 and stages N0-N2 in the cohort of STAD patients. Moreover, Fam20C expression had positive associations with immune infiltration, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and other diverse immune cells in BLCA, LGG, and STAD.Fam20C may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer and has positive associations with immune infiltrates.

BACKGROUND Previously reported data has guided the treatment and prevention of blindness. This study aimed to evaluate the current prevalence and causes of visual impairment among adults who were 50 years old and older in the Binhu District of Wuxi City, China. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized sample of stratified clusters was used to analyze individuals from 30 basic sampling units in Wuxi Binhu District. Visual impairment was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. RESULTS A total of 6725 people who were at least 50 years old participated in this study. According to WHO standards, bilateral low vision and blindness prevalence were both higher in women than in men (low vision: 6.5% vs. 5.2%; and blindness: 1.4% vs. 0.8%; P=0.022 and P=0.039, respectively). The incidence of bilateral visual impairment increased significantly with age (P

"AIM: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related cataract (ARC), ARC surgery procedures, and postoperative vision results among adults over 50 years old in the Binhu District of Wuxi City, China. METHODS: Thirty basic sampling units were analyzed via a cluster random sampling method. Detailed medical histories were collected and eye examinations were performed. Cataract prevalence and surgical procedures were quantified. RESULTS: Among the 6150 participants, 1421 cataract cases were diagnosed and prevalence was 23.1%. The prevalence of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts increased with age (P0.05). The odds ratio of cataract patients who had or did not have cataract surgery was 3.15 (87/28) and the frequency of cataract blindness surgery was 75.7% (87/115). Poor visual outcomes was in 107 eyes (40.7%) after cataract surgery. Poor vision was mostly caused by uncorrected reflective errors (30.9%) and ocular comorbidities (41.1%). The prevalence of cataract surgery complications was 5.7% (15/263). Surgical complications and posterior capsular opacification were avoidable factors facilitating poor vision. CONCLUSION: ARC, especially in females and illiterate individuals, presents a public health problem in this district. Poor visual outcomes after cataract surgery are frequent. High-quality cataract surgeries and treatment of ocular comorbidities are vital. "

The evaluation system of students is to find a way to solve the status way according to the exact needs of students and the teaching requirements of teachers, so as to improve the teaching level of teachers and improve the quality of school education. This paper uses the real evaluation sample and uses the data mining association rule algorithm to comprehensively analyze the massive data of the evaluation data and the basic information of the teacher. The purpose is to obtain the association rules between the teacher’s comprehensive information and its evaluation results. Using the evaluation data to explore its core issues. In this paper, the Eclat algorithm of association rules improves the problem of insufficient memory and occupying a large amount of time when searching for frequent itemsets in the data. The breadth-first algorithm is added to save operation time and improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified by comparative experiments and applied to the evaluation system so as to provide suggestions for the professional development of teachers from an objective perspective, and to build a harmonious, "people-oriented" evaluation system for students.

ZnO/GaN heterojunction light-emitting diode was grown using zinc acetate as precursors on p-GaN substrate by one-step aqueous method in this paper. Structural and optical properties of heterostructure were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). It has been found that ZnO film was formed by using zinc acetate as precursors with one-step aqueous method. Meanwhile, the device based on ZnO/GaN heterostructure displayed diode-like current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Electroluminescence (EL) characterization results showed an intense broadband emission in the yellow-green spectral region under the forward bias. It indicated that EL emission of ZnO/GaN heterostructure was originated from impurity-involved emission.

Aiming at the defect that the fast peak search clustering does not adapt to high-dimensional data sets, a T-DPC optimization algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on the t-SNE dimensionality reduction method, and also optimizes the calculation method of Gaussian kernel function, using a uniform metric when solving the density. Finally, the T-DPC algorithm and the DPC algorithm are compared in the artificial data set and the UCI standard data set, respectively, The experimental results show that the T-DPC algorithm not only adapts to the high dimensional dataset, but also improves the efficiency of the DPC algorithm.

A simple, quick and reliable analytical method for the confirmation and quantification of propisochlor was developed. The propisochlor was extracted from water, soil and rice (stalks, rice and hull) matrices using acetonitrile, and cleaned up with primary secondary amine and determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The LODs of propisochlor ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 , while the LOQs ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 in different matrixes. The mean recoveries of propisochlor at three levels (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg) were in the range of 73.7-94.9% with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.1-13.9% and inter-day of 3.3-12.7%. This method is suitable for routine analysis of propisochlor under field conditions. The half-lives of propisochlor in rice stalks, water and soil were 1.7, 1.5 and 2.3 days in Hunan, 5.7, 1.0 and 1.9 days in Anhui and 4.8, 1.0 and 3.1 days in Guangxi.

While Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly decreased the mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, emerging drug resistance to approved HIV-1 integrase inhibitors highlights the need to develop new antivirals with novel mechanisms of action. In this study, we screened a library of microbial natural compounds from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. and identified alternariol 5-O-methyl ether (AME) as a compound that inhibits HIV-1 pre-integration steps. Time-of addition analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, confocal microscopy, and WT viral replication assay were used to elucidate the mechanism. As opposed to the approved integrase inhibitor Raltegravir, AME reduced both the integrated viral DNA and the 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circular DNA, which suggests that AME impairs the nuclear import of viral DNA. Further confocal microscopy studies showed that AME specifically blocks the nuclear import of HIV-1 integrase and pre-integration complex without any adverse effects on the importin α/β and importin β-mediated nuclear import pathway in general. Importantly, AME inhibited Raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 strains and exhibited a broad anti-HIV-1 activity in diverse cell lines. These data collectively demonstrate the potential of AME for further development into a new HIV inhibitor, and suggest the utility of viral DNA nuclear import as a target for anti-HIV drug discovery.

Background: Impaired cardiac proteasome (CP) has been reported in ischemia and heart failure. Recent data highlighted aspirin as an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, however, it’s unclear whether it affects CP functions. Objective: We investigated the influence of aspirin on CP in the rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results: MI, sham or normal male SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with high (300mg/kg), low (5mg/kg) aspirin or saline (control) once a day for seven weeks. Parallel experiments were performed in the hypoxia/reoxygenated cell model of primary human ventricular myocytes incubated with different concentrations of aspirin. Myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac function, cell viability and the functions of 26S, 20S and 19S, including the β1, β2 and β5 subunits of 20S were determined. The activity of 26S, 20S and 19S declined by about 30%, and β5, β2 and β1 by 40%, 20% and 30%, respectively, in the MI rats compared with the non-MI rats ( P Conclusions: Chronic aspirin treatment, via the dose-dependent and selective inhibition of CP, enhanced the ischemic CP dysfunction, which constitutes a potential risk factor for the ischemic heart.

With the improvements in diagnostic techniques, Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) infection has recently been recognized to cause a widening spectrum of diseases. Cats are the natural reservoir hosts of B. henselae. The current study aims to investigate the prevalence of B. henselae infection in the cat populations in China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial cultures confirm that 12.7% of the tested cats were positive for the infection. Old age and outdoor exposure were statistically associated with the infection. Multilocus sequence typing and eBURST analysis of the cat isolates collected in the present study show that 65.4% of the isolates belong to sequence type 1 (ST1). Three new STs (ST16–18) were identified in Midwestern China. These results may aid our understanding of the population structure of B. henselae in China and the relationship between human and cat strains in subsequent studies., Author Summary Bartonella infection (Bartonella henselae in paticular) is responsible for a widening spectrum of human diseases. Cats are thought as the major source of human infections. In most of the developing countries, however, this infection lacks recognition especially in clinicians. Some well known bartonelloses, like cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and infective endocarditis had not been clinically noticed in these countries. In the present study, the prevalence of Bartonella infection in cat populations was investigated in mainland China. As a result, 12.7% of cats were confirmed positive with Bartonella infection. Factors of age, gender, outdoor experience, and geographic location were analyzed in association with infection. The authors found old cats and stray cats are susceptible populations. Some new molecular types are prevalent in Mid-Western China. Inclusion of these types also changed the characteristics of original molecular structure. This research provides the first molecular investigation of Bartonella infection in cats in China, and promotes our understanding of the relationship between human and cat strains in subsequent studies.

Objectives To investigate the mechanism of extracellular ubiquitin (Ub) influence on the platelet functions. Methods The arachidonic acid (AA)-preincubated healthy platelets were treated with different concentrations of extracellular Ub (50, 100, 500 and 1000 ng/ml), or AMD3100 (50, 100, 500 and 1000 ng/ml) (antagonist of CXCR4) prior to extracellular Ub (1000 ng/ml)). Platelet functions were determined by light-transmission platelet aggregometry (LTA) or thrombelastography (TEG) platelet mapping. The protein expressions of CXCR4 and ubiquitinated proteins, including ubiquitinated COX-1, were detected by western blot or Immunoprecipitation (IP). Results LTA or TEG showed that the activity of platelet exposed to extracellular Ub at 100, 500 and 1000 ng/ml was significantly increased compared with that at 50ng/ml. The increased activity was positively correlated with the levels of ubiqitinated proteins in the platelets. However, AMD3100 dose dependently counteracted the effect of Ub, and the platelet aggregation decreased accordingly. Further, CXCR4 could be activated by extracellular Ub or inhibited by AMD3100 dose dependently, and the level of CXCR4 was correlated with the ubiquintinated proteins, including ubiquitinated COX-1, in the platelets. IP experiments showed that the ubiqitinated proteins in the platelets contained ubiquitinated COX-1, whose levels were correlated with the expressions of ubiqitinated proteins. Inhibition of CXCR4 by AMD3100 caused a dose-related decline in ubiquitinated COX-1, which was correlated positively with platelet activity. Conclusions The data suggested that extracellular Ub dose dependently, via CXCR4 pathway, facilitated its internalisation into the platelet to enhance the ubiquitination of COX-1, which contributed to the increase in platelet activity.