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A signed graph Σ = (G , σ) consists of an underlying graph G = (V , E) with a sign function σ : E → { − 1 , 1 } . Let A (Σ) be the adjacency matrix of Σ and λ 1 (Σ) denote the largest eigenvalue (index) of Σ. Define (K n , H −) as a signed complete graph whose negative edges induce a subgraph H. In this paper, we focus on the following question: which spanning tree T with a given number of pendant vertices makes the λ 1 (A (Σ)) of the unbalanced (K n , T −) as large as possible? To answer the question, we characterize the extremal signed graph with maximum λ 1 (A (Σ)) among graphs of type (K n , T −) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass loading machine is important equipment which generally uses four-bar mechanism to flip a piece of glass,and the mechanism decides the motion performance of the glass loading machine.According to the working space constraints and motion requirement,the initial position conditions of the flip mechanism is got and based on it the structure design is conducted by the rigid body guidance method for mechanism design,and the reasonable structure size is given.The mechanism motion simulation model is built with the ADAMS software,and then the motion characteristics of the mechanism is analyzed based on the simulation result when input a uniform motion.In order to improve the working stability of loading machine,a reasonable control mode of input motion to the driving link is proposed.

Having the two largest nursing workforces across the globe, both China and the United States have implemented licensure examinations to standardize the qualifications of registered nurse. China established the National Nursing Licensure Examination (NNLE) in 1995. Like the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) in the United States, the NNLE has become an important link in the nurse registration process and contributed a lot in quality assurance and development of nursing profession. It may be necessary for the NNLE to learn from NCLEX-RN in several aspects, including increasing the frequency of exam, providing examinees with individualized services, and continuing reforming exam content and format. By better aligning the content and format of the examination with the current nursing paradigm and clinical requirements, nurses may enter the healthcare field better prepared to care for patients. Considering the magnitude of their nursing workforce, both China and the United States have great potential to serve as a role model for other developing countries as they look towards establishing national nursing education programs. As new policies around standardized nurse education in China take form, we urge that the NNLE be included alongside curricular reforms. As these reforms are implemented, continued research will be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of curriculum and licensure exam regulations upon nurse preparedness and quality of nursing care in China.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare disease of unknown etiology that typically presents as nodal disease in young children. However, it also can present in various extranodal sites and can be difficult to recognize if not considered in the differential diagnosis. Here, we report a case of appendix involvement by extranodal RDD, which occurred in a 69-year-old woman with a long duration of 12 years for intermittent right lower quadrant pain. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy for a clinical diagnosis of appendiceal cancer. A mixed inflammatory infiltration of mature lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes exhibiting emperipolesis were indentified. Other areas had storiform fibrosis and sclerosis admixed with numerous plasma cells. These histologic features combination with immunoreactivity for CD68 and S100 protein were indicative of a diagnosis of extranodal RDD. We discuss the clinical, pathologic findings as well as differential diagnoses and consideration of a possible relationship of this entity to IgG4-related lesion.

Adenomatoid tumors (AT) are uncommon, benign tumors of mesothelial origination most frequently encountered in the genital tracts of both sexes. Their occurrences in the extragenital sites are much rarer and could elicit a variety of differential diagnosis both clinically and morphologically. With regard to the adrenal gland, to the best knowledge of us, only 31 cases of AT have been reported in the English literature. Several histologic growth patterns have been documented in AT, among which cystic type is the least common one. We herein present a further case of AT arising in the adrenal of a 62-year-old Chinese man with a medical history for systemic hypertensive disease. The tumor was incidentally identified during routine medical examination. An abdomen computed tomography scan revealed a solitary mass in the right adrenal. Grossly, the poorly-circumscribed mass measured 3.0 x 3.0 x 2.0 cm with a cut surface showing a gelatinous texture with numerous tiny cystic structures. Microscopic examination showed an infiltrated lesion with honeycomb appearance mimicking a lymphangioma, which composed predominantly of variably sized and shaped anastomosing small cystic spaces lined by flattened endothelial-like cells, without any epithelioid or signet-ring like components present. Foci of extraadrenal tumor extension, lymphoid aggregates with occasional germinal centre formation, intralesional fat tissue, stromal myoid proliferation and ossification were also observed. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the mesothelial differentiation of this tumor and indicated a diagnosis of cystic lymphangiomatoid AT of the adrenal.