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Abstract Suppressing nonradiative recombination and releasing residual strain are prerequisites to improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, long‐chain polyacrylic acid (PAA) is used to reinforce SnO2 film and passivate SnO2 defects, forming a structure similar to “reinforced concrete” with high tensile strength and fewer microcracks. Simultaneously, PAA is also introduced to the SnO2/perovskite interface as a “buffer spring” to release residual strain, which also acts as a “dual‐side passivation interlayer” to passivate the oxygen vacancies of SnO2 and Pb dangling bonds in halide perovskites. As a result, the best inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 10.83% with an ultrahigh open‐circuit voltage of 1.674 V. The unencapsulated PSC shows excellent stability under 80% relative humidity and 80°C over 120 days.

Abstract Realization of stable and industrial-level H2O2 electroproduction still faces great challenge due large partly to the easy decomposition of H2O2. Herein, a two-dimensional dithiine-linked phthalocyaninato cobalt (CoPc)-based covalent organic framework (COF), CoPc-S-COF, was afforded from the reaction of hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato cobalt (II) with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetrathiol. Introduction of the sulfur atoms with large atomic radius and two lone-pairs of electrons in the C-S-C linking unit leads to an undulated layered structure and an increased electron density of the Co center for CoPc-S-COF according to a series of experiments in combination with theoretical calculations. The former structural effect allows the exposition of more Co sites to enhance the COF catalytic performance, while the latter electronic effect activates the 2e− oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) but deactivates the H2O2 decomposition capability of the same Co center, as a total result enabling CoPc-S-COF to display good electrocatalytic H2O2 production performance with a remarkable H2O2 selectivity of >95% and a stable H2O2 production with a concentration of 0.48 wt% under a high current density of 125 mA cm−2 at an applied potential of ca. 0.67 V versus RHE for 20 h in a flow cell, representing the thus far reported best H2O2 synthesis COFs electrocatalysts.

Abstract Quantitative analysis of gait parameters, such as stride frequency and step speed, is essential for optimizing physical exercise for the human body. However, the current electronic sensors used in human motion monitoring remain constrained by factors such as battery life and accuracy. This study developed a self‐powered gait analysis system (SGAS) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabricated electrospun composite nanofibers for motion monitoring and gait analysis for regulating exercise programs. The SGAS consists of a sensing module, a charging module, a data acquisition and processing module, and an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. Within the sensing module, two specialized sensing units, TENG‐S1 and TENG‐S2, are positioned at the forefoot and heel to generate synchronized signals in tandem with the user's footsteps. These signals are instrumental for real‐time step count and step speed monitoring. The output of the two TENG units is significantly improved by systematically investigating and optimizing the electrospun composite nanofibers' composition, strength, and wear resistance. Additionally, a charge amplifier circuit is implemented to process the raw voltage signal, consequently bolstering the reliability of the sensing signal. This refined data is then ready for further reading and calculation by the micro‐controller unit (MCU) during the signal transmission process. Finally, the well‐conditioned signals are wirelessly transmitted to the IoT platform for data analysis, storage, and visualization, enhancing human motion monitoring.

Abstract Bandgap‐tunable mixed‐halide perovskite materials have attracted considerable interest because of their indispensability as top counterparts in tandem solar cells. However, the soft and disordered lattice always suffers from severe phase segregation under illumination, which is particularly susceptible to residual lattice strain. Herein, we report a strain regulation strategy by using alkenamides terminated Ti3C2Tx MXenes as an additive into perovskite precursor. Apart from the role of a template for grain growth to obtain high‐quality films, the stretchable alkyl chain promotes lattice shrinkage or expansion to form an elastic grain boundary to eliminate the spatially distributed stain and shut down ion migration channels. As a result, the all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CsPbIBr2 and CsPbI2Br halides achieve prolonged device stability under harsh conditions and the best power conversion efficiencies up to 11.06% and 14.30%, respectively.

Pore structure is the key element of tight sandstone reservoirs, which restricts the accumulate and flow of oil and gas in reservoirs. The pore structure is one of the key and difficult point of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. In this paper, ten dense core samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Group 7 section in the Heshui area of the Ordos Basin are selected to carry out experiments, including high-pressure mercury pressure and X-diffraction. Fractal theory is used to analyze the characteristics of pore throats, then the relationship between fractal dimension and reservoir physical properties, pore structure and mineral content is analyzed. The results show that according to the mercury pressure curve and pore structure, the reservoir is divided into categories Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, its reservoir performance and seepage capacity decrease in turn, and the microheterogeneity is enhanced. Different types of reservoirs have different fractal characteristics: according to the inflection points of fractal curves 0.05 and 0.02 μm. The pore size of class Ⅰ reservoirs is divided into large pores (> 50 nm) and medium pores (50-6 nm) by combining the actual situation with the standard of pore size division proposed by IUPAC. According to the inflection point, the reservoirs of classes Ⅱ and Ⅲ can be divided into medium pores a (50-20 nm) and mesoporous B (20-6 nm). The average fractal dimension increased, which was 2.619 3, 2.745 4 and 2.852 6, respectively, and the heterogeneity gradually increased. The main permeability is contributed by fewer large pores, and the fractal dimension mainly reflects the heterogeneity of pore size. The fractal dimension is related to some minerals. Mineral composition and content are the internal factors that determine the fractal dimension and then affect the quality and pore structure of reservoirs.

Abstract The launching of 5G technology provides excellent opportunity for the prosperous development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and intelligent wireless sensor nodes. However, deploying of tremendous wireless sensor nodes network presents a great challenge to sustainable power supply and self‐powered active sensing. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has shown great capability for powering wireless sensors and work as self‐powered sensors since its discovery in 2012. Nevertheless, its inherent property of large internal impedance and pulsed “high‐voltage and low‐current” output characteristic seriously limit its direct application as stable power supply. Herein, a generic triboelectric sensor module (TSM) is developed toward managing the high output of TENG into signals that can be directly utilized by commercial electronics. Finally, an IoT‐based smart switching system is realized by integrating the TSM with a typical vertical contact–separation mode TENG and microcontroller, which is able to monitor the real‐time appliance status and location information. Such design of a universal energy solution for triboelectric sensors is applicable for managing and normalizing the wide output range generated from various working modes of TENGs and suitable for facile integration with IoT platform, representing a significant step toward scaling up TENG applications in future smart sensing.

Pore structure restricts the reservoir capacity and flow capacity of oil and gas in the reservoir, which is the key factor of studying tight sandstone reservoir, and also the key and difficult problem of current research. Taking the Chang 7 tight reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Heshui area of Ordos Basin as an example, the relationship between pore structure and movable fluid parameters was studied by combining high-pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis techniques. The main results are as follows: ① when using the conventional method and linear least square method to convert the NMR T2 spectrum into pore radius, the pore structure can be divided into two parts, The correlation coefficient is (0.87-0.98)/0.92. The inflection point of the mercury injection curve is calculated by fractal theory, and the corresponding T2 is converted. The T2 spectrum is converted by segments. After the conversion, the curve has a high degree of overlap, and the number of phase relations is (0.97-0.99)/0.98. ② By analyzing the influencing factors of fluid mobility, it is found that there is a direct relationship between rock physical properties, in which porosity is more suitable to characterize the size of reservoir space, the correlation is 0.9, and the correlation with movable fluid saturation is better; The characteristic parameters of pore structure have a good correlation with the parameters of movable fluid, and the tight pore structure restricts the mobility of fluid. The proportion of dead pores is related to SMFS φ The negative correlation coefficients of MFS were 0.5371 and 0.3775, respectively φ MFS has little effect, but it has no effect φ MFS is more suitable to characterize the micro pore structure.

Researchers have recently focused on multimodal emotion recognition, but issues persist in recognizing emotions in multi-party dialogue scenarios. Most studies have only used text and audio modality, ignoring the video modality. To address this, we propose M2ER, a multimodal emotion recognition scheme based on multi-party dialogue scenarios. Addressing the issue of multiple faces appearing in the same frame of the video modality, M2ER introduces a method using multi-face localization for speaker recognition to eliminate the interference of non-speakers. The attention mechanism is used to fuse and classify different modalities. We conducted extensive experiments in unimodal and multimodal fusion using the multi-party dialogue dataset MELD. The results show that M2ER achieves superior emotion recognition in both text and audio modalities compared to the baseline model. The proposed method using speaker recognition in the video modality improves emotion recognition performance by 6.58% compared to the method without speaker recognition. In addition, the multimodal fusion based on the attention mechanism also outperforms the baseline fusion model.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming increasingly prevalent with the improvement of people's living standards in recent years, especially in urban areas. The emerging environmental contaminant is a newly-proposed concept in the progress of industrialization and modernization, referring to synthetic chemicals that were not noticed or researched before, which may lead to many chronic diseases, including IBD. The emerging contaminants mainly include microplastics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, chemical herbicides, heavy metals, and persisting organic pollutants. In this review, we summarize the adverse health effect of these emerging contaminants on humans and their relationships with IBD. Therefore, we can better understand the impact of these new emerging contaminants on IBD, minimize their exposures, and lower the future incidence of IBD.

"Intrinsic" strategies for manipulating the local electronic structure and coordination environment of defect-regulated materials can optimize electrochemical storage performance. Nevertheless, the structure–activity relationship between defects and charge storage is ambiguous, which may be revealed by constructing highly ordered vacancy structures. Herein, we demonstrate molybdenum carbide MXene nanosheets with customized in-plane chemical ordered vacancies (Mo1.33CTx), by utilizing selective etching strategies. Synchrotron-based X-ray characterizations reveal that Mo atoms in Mo1.33CTx show increased average valence of +4.44 compared with the control Mo2CTx. Benefited from the introduced atomic active sites and high valence of Mo, Mo1.33CTx achieves an outstanding capacity of 603 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1, superior to most original MXenes. Li+ storage kinetics analysis and density functional theory (DFT) simulations show that this optimized performance ensues from the more charge compensation during charge–discharge process, which enhances Faraday reaction compared with pure Mo2CTx. This vacancy manipulation provides an efficient way to realize MXene's potential as promising electrodes.

Seawater electrolysis has great potential to generate clean hydrogen energy, but it is a formidable challenge. In this study, we report CoFe-LDH nanosheet uniformly decorated on a CuO nanowire array on Cu foam (CuO@CoFe-LDH/CF) for seawater oxidation. Such CuO@CoFe-LDH/CF exhibits high oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic activity, demanding only an overpotential of 336 mV to generate a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater. Moreover, it can operate continuously for at least 50 h without obvious activity attenuation.

Abstract The crystal distortion such as lattice strain and defect located at the surfaces and grain boundaries induced by soft perovskite lattice highly determines the charge extraction‐transfer dynamics and recombination to cause an inferior efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the authors propose a strategy to significantly reduce the superficial lattice tensile strain by means of incorporating an inorganic 2D Cl‐terminated Ti3C2 (Ti3C2Clx) MXene into the bulk and surface of CsPbBr3 film. Arising from the strong interaction between Cl atoms in Ti3C2Clx and the under‐coordinated Pb2+ in CsPbBr3 lattice, the expanded perovskite lattice is compressed and confined to act as a lattice “tape”, in which the PbCl bond plays a role of “glue” and the 2D Ti3C2 immobilizes the lattice. Finally, the defective surface is healed and a champion efficiency as high as 11.08% with an ultrahigh open‐circuit voltage up to 1.702 V is achieved on the best all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC, which is so far the highest efficiency record for this kind of PSCs. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device demonstrates nearly unchanged performance under 80% relative humidity over 100 days and 85 °C over 30 days.

Intercalation-type layered oxides have been widely explored as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Although high-rate capability has been achieved based on the pillar effect of various intercalants for widening interlayer space, an in-depth understanding of atomic orbital variations induced by intercalants is still unknown. Herein, we design an NH4+-intercalated vanadium oxide (NH4+-V2O5) for high-rate ZIBs, together with deeply investigating the role of the intercalant in terms of atomic orbital. Besides extended layer spacing, our X-ray spectroscopies reveal that the insertion of NH4+ could promote electron transition to 3dxy state of V t2g orbital in V2O5, which significantly accelerates the electron transfer and Zn-ion migration, further verified by DFT calculations. As results, the NH4+-V2O5 electrode delivers a high capacity of 430.0 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, especially excellent rate capability (101.0 mA h g−1 at 200 C), enabling fast charging within 18 s. Moreover, the reversible V t2g orbital and lattice space variation during cycling are found via ex-situ soft X-ray absorption spectrum and in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, respectively. This work provides an insight at orbital level in advanced cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal haptic perception is essential for enhancing perceptual experiences in augmented reality applications. To date, several artificial tactile interfaces have been developed to perceive pressure and precontact signals, while simultaneously detecting object type and softness with quantified modulus still remains challenging. Here, inspired by the campaniform sensilla on insect antennae, we proposed a hemispherical bimodal intelligent tactile sensor (BITS) array using the triboelectric effect. The system is capable of softness identification, modulus quantification, and material type recognition. In principle, due to the varied deformability of materials, the BITS generates unique triboelectric output fingerprints when in contact with the tested object. Furthermore, owing to the different electron affinities, the BITS array can accurately recognize material type (99.4% accuracy), facilitating softness recognition (100% accuracy) and modulus quantification. It is promising that the BITS based on the triboelectric effect has the potential to be miniaturized to provide real-time accurate haptic information as an artificial antenna toward applications of human-machine integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]