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Aphelocheirus inops Horv��th, 1918 Aphelochirus inops Horv��th, 1918: 140. Aphelocheirus inops (Horv��th): Polhemus & Polhemus, 1989: 220; Zettel & Tran, 2009: 213. Material examined. CHINA, Yunnan Province: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Longjie (23.0602 N, 99.7624 E), Jingdong County, 24. IV. 2001, Chang-fa ZHOU leg.. Distribution. China (Yunnan Province), Vietnam, Laos., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, A new species and notes on the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China, pp. 437-443 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on page 443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/236252, {"references":["Polhemus, D. A. & Polhemus, J. T. (1989) The Aphelocheirinae of tropical Asia (Heteroptera: Naucoridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 36 (2) [1988], 167 - 300.","Zettel, H. & Tran, A. D. (2009) Notes on the Aphelocheiridae (Heteroptera) from Indochina, with redescriptions of Aphelocheirus inops Horvath, 1918 and A. gularis Horvath, 1918 and the description of a new species from Vietnam. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55 (3), 211 - 226."]}

Cheirochela grossa sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4, 19���25) Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Tongbiguan (N24.61��, E97.66��), Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, alt. 1350 m, 20.V. 2009, Bo CAI leg. Paratypes: 2 ♀, same date as holotype; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same date as holotype, 18.V. 2009, Min LI leg. Description. Brachypterous male. Of moderate size for genus, general body rotund, widest across abdomen, basic colouration light yellow or black, hemelytra with basal embolium and claval suture dark yellow, membrane dark brown. Head. Pale light yellow, with dark brown longitudinal markings medially and along inner eye margins; a pair of long, irregular, longitudinal brown lines present on each side of midline on vertex; posterior margin broadly dark with an orange spot medially; eyes dark brown, shining, lateral margins weakly sinuate, tapering anteriorly; rostrum dark brown, second segment thickened, distal segments slender; antennae set in cavity, not extending to lateral margin of head, with all segments thickened, segments II, III and IV each about half the length of I. Ventral surface of head yellowish, bearing thick hydrofuge setae. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 3), yellowish brown, mottled with darker brown; slightly depressed medially behind vertex, lateral margins narrowly, medially granular, anterolateral corners sharply angular, lateral corners produced; posterior margin nearly straight, posterolateral angles slightly produced, set off from remainder of pronotum by transverse sulcus. Scutellum yellow, medially orange-brown, surface sculptured, rugose, lateral margins sinuate, anterior margin nearly straight. Base of embolium and claval suture dark yellow, surface coarsely rugose, bearing fine, pale, granular microstructure, pertains to compound eye, shining, without setae; clavus and corium defined; membrane dark brown, highly reduced, obscure; tips of hemelytra rounded; embolium demarcated by deep narrow sinuate furrow along inner margin, with a thick fringe of long soft setae arising from outer margin. Mesosternum medialy bearing thick hydrofuge setae. Abdomen. Lateral portions of segments II���VII exposed when viewed dorsally; all visible tergites dull brown, light yellow laterally, posterolateral angles of tergite II symmetrical and truncate, of tergites III���VI produced into spines. Ventral surface of abdomen yellowish, bearing thick hydrofuge setae; ventral keel of head with tooth at anterior terminus small, barely formed; typical static sense organ cupped into anterolateral angle of prothorax; propleura moderately reflexed posteriorly, barely covering basal portions of mesosternal plate. Legs. Yellowish brown, shining; fore coxa anterior face raised, with gold setae; fore trochanter with a stout ventral tuft of stout setae; fore femur bearing a thick pad of gold setae along anterior margin and fringe of long gold setae along posterior margin; fore tibia slender, gently curving, grooved along inner face; middle and hind coxae each bearing a single glabrous tubercle distally and fringe of long gold setae; middle and hind trochanters unarmed, posteriorly set with thick recumbent pile; hind femur distally with a row of short dark spinules running along posterior margin, and a few short dark spinules scattered along anterior margin; middle tibia beneath with a thick pad of golden setae on distal half, and a few scattered, stout reddish spines; hind tibia beneath with a longitudinal pad of golden setae along anterior edge, widening distally to cover entire surface; hind tarsus beneath with longitudinal pad of golden setae along anterior edge; claws curved, golden, with tips dark red. Genitalia. Both parameres bearing a weakly developed basal lobe, distal arm possessing only a weak subapical notch (Figs. 19���21); aedeagus with tip expanded (Figs. 22���23); dorsomedial process of male genital capsule in the form of elongate triangle, apex truncated (Fig. 24). Female. Colour and vestiture generally as in male. Female subgenital plate triangular, slightly convex basally, lateral margins straight, apex round (Fig 25). Distribution. Currently known only from China (Yunnan Province). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin grossa, refers to the thick fore femur of this species. Discussion. Easily recognised among the currently known suite of Cheirochela by its small size (Figs. 1���4). The new species is morphologically similar to Cheirochela feana, it can be separated from other Cheirochela by parameres in the male genitalia (Figs. 19���21) and dorsomedial process of male genital capsule (Fig. 24). The new species male parameres also has a basal lobe that is much smaller and less well developed than that seen in Ch. assamensis, Ch. feana and Ch. tonkina. The tip of male paramere in Cheirochela grossa like a bird��� head, while in Ch. thailandana tip of male paramere bears a prominent cove. The new species lateral margin of pronotum slightly concave (Figs. 3, 4), fore-lateral margin of pronotum with a pointed end, the shape of the head anterior margin, lateral margins and posterolateral angles of pronotum (Figs. 3���4) are also different from Ch. tonkina and Ch. feana (Figs. 1, 2)., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, The creeping water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of China, with description of a new species, pp. 571-580 in Zootaxa 3911 (4) on pages 573-577, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/241049

Aphelocheirus ellipsoideus Liu & Ding, 2005 (Figs. 1 C���F; 3 A���D) Aphelocheirus ellipsoideus Liu & Ding, 2005: 272. Description. Macropterous male. Body length 7.10���8.10mm, body width 4.60���4.90mm, moderate size for genus, form elongate. General colour blackish brown. Head. Dark brown, shining, minutely alveolate; eyes black, shining, lateral margins weakly sinuate; interocular space between eyes shiny, dark brown. Preocular portion of head moderately long, 0.3 times as long as eye length. Antennae golden brown; rostrum gold at base and dark red at apex, glabrous, attaining anterior margin of hind coxae. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 1 E, F) dull blackish brown, coarsely rugose, bearing very short recumbent golden setae, posterior portion expanded. Maximum width at posterolateral corners, 3.9 times median length. Lateral margins yellowish, each bearing a few short stout setae, posterolateral angles rounded. Scutellum dark brown, width/length = 2.1 / 1.0, surface coarsely rugose, lateral margins weakly sinuate. Mesoscutum black, cymbiform, bearing short recumbent setae. Hemelytra dark brown, large, complete and rugose, exceeding tip of abdomen, bearing short recumbent setae; lateral margins of hemelytra (Fig. 1 E, F) dark brown, poster margins of hemelytra light brown; clavus, corium and embolium well defined, membrane brown. Hind wing veination obscure in varying degrees (Fig. 3 A). Prosternum sharply carinate medially, propleuron with inner projection deeply notched, with apex round. Abdomen. Dorsal surface dark brown, coarsely rugose, bearing recumbent dark setae, posterolateral angles of segments III���V prolonged into slender spinose projections, acute posteriorly. Ventral surface brown to dark brown, covered with fine recumbent gold setae; abdominal segments V���VII asymmetrical. Segments III���V with irregular glabrous pits adjacent to and inward of spiracular rosettes, abdomen with segments III���VI weakly and broadly carinate medially, IV���VII each with median protruberance bearing 2���6 short stout setae, III with row of small glabrous pits present extending inward from spiracular rosette and along base of segment (Fig. 3 B). Legs. White to yellowish, shining, covered with fine recumbent white setae; fore trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus with thick hair pads on inner faces; fore, middle and hind coxae with combs of white setae distally; hind femur with many fine white setae and gold spines along anterior margin. Middle femur, tibia and tarsus sparsely set with stout golden spines anteriorly; hind tibia sparsely set with stout golden spines anteriorly, transverse row of golden spines apically; hind tibia and tarsus with long swimming hairs posteriorly; claws white basally, brown apically, curved. Genitalia. Left paramere curving, tip wide; right paramere thick, tip slightly pointed; aedeagus slender, with many small teeth and three large teeth distinctly. Female. Colour and vestiture generally as in male. Subgenital plate roughly triangular, tip broadly rounded, bearing hair tufts laterally and apically (Fig. 3 C). Brachypterous male. Body blackish brown, with yellowish brown blotches dorsally. Head yellowish, slightly rugose, shining, rostrum attaining anterior margin of hind coxae; pronotum brown, surface rugose, shining, lateral and posterior margins yellowish brown, with two small tumescences on posterolateral angles, yellowish brown; propleuron with inner projection deeply notched, apex slightly pointed; scutellum yellowish brown, with a small brownish blotch at middle of lateral margin; hemelytra brown, rugose, lateral margin yellowish brown, widely separated medially; abdomen dorsally brown, connexivum yellowish brown, surface rugose, with small yellowish brown blotches, posterolateral angles of tergites III���V spinose; ventral surface smooth; legs yellowish brown. Brachypterous female. Similar to brachypterous male in general structure and coloration (Fig. 1 D). Material examined. Macropterous form. CHINA, Hainan Province: 9 ♂, 11 ♀, Wuzhi Mountain, (18.9480 N, 109.6226 E), alt. 232m, 4. VII. 2014, Qiang XIE, Yan-hui WANG & Yan-zhuo WU leg.. Brachypterous form. Holotype ♂, Diaoluo Mountain (18.7346 N, 109.8370 E), 31. III. 1980, Huan-guang ZOU leg.; 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Diaoluo Mountain Nature Reserve (18.8346 N, 109.8240 E), alt. 920m, 21. IV. 2008, Bo CAI leg.; 4 ♂, 3 ♀, Wuzhi Mountain (18.9480 N, 109.6226 E), alt. 570m, 8. VIII. 2013, Qiang XIE & Yan-hui WANG leg.; 5 ♂, 3 ♀, Wuzhi Mountain, (18.9480 N, 109.6226 E), alt. 232m, 4. VII. 2014, Qiang XIE, Yan-hui WANG & Yan-zhuo WU leg.. Distribution. China (Hainan Province), Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, A new species and notes on the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China, pp. 437-443 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on pages 441-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/236252, {"references":["Liu, G. Q. & Ding, J. H. (2005) A new species and two new records of the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China. Entomotaxonomia, 27 (4), 272 - 276."]}

Aphelocheirus gularis Horv��th, 1918 Aphelochirus gularis Horv��th, 1918: 141. Aphelocheirus gularis (Horv��th): Polhemus & Polhemus, 1989: 222; Zettel & Tran, 2009: 217. Material examined. CHINA, Jiangxi Province: 1 ♂, Jiulian Mountain (24.6286 N, 114.5705 E), 17. IIV. 2002, Wanliang ZHANG & Jian-hua DING leg.; 1 ♀, (brachypterous), Xiaoxidong, Fuxi village, (26.4818 N, 114.1914 E), Jinggang Mountain, 23. VII. 2002, Wan-liang ZHANG & Jian-hua DING leg. Guizhou Province: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Sanglang country (26.1588 N, 105.0976 E), Wangmo, 23.VII. 2000, Chuan-ren LI & Chang-fa ZHOU leg.; 1 ♀, Luodianluokun (26.3371 N, 105.8611 E), 14. IX. 2000, Chang-fa ZHOU leg.; 1 ♀, Chishuijinshagou (29.5913 N, 104.4399 E), 22. IX. 2000, Chang-fa ZHOU leg.. Distribution. China (Jiangxi Province, Guizhou Province), Vietnam, Laos. Remarks. In the paper by Zettel & Tran (2009), Figs 11 and 12 should exchange theirs position., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, A new species and notes on the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China, pp. 437-443 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on page 442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/236252, {"references":["Polhemus, D. A. & Polhemus, J. T. (1989) The Aphelocheirinae of tropical Asia (Heteroptera: Naucoridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 36 (2) [1988], 167 - 300.","Zettel, H. & Tran, A. D. (2009) Notes on the Aphelocheiridae (Heteroptera) from Indochina, with redescriptions of Aphelocheirus inops Horvath, 1918 and A. gularis Horvath, 1918 and the description of a new species from Vietnam. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55 (3), 211 - 226."]}

Key to the species of Naucoridae of China 1. Apex of head folded under and backward, such that the rostrum arises at a point posterior to the anterior margin of the head when viewed laterally or ventrally........................................................................ 2 - Apex of of head not folded under and backward, rostrum arising at anterior margin of head when viewed laterally.................................................................................................... Naucorinae 7 2. Rostrum recessed into a cavity on the underside of the head................................. Cheirochelinae...... 3 - Rostrum not recessed into a cavity, pointing backward but flush with the underside of the head........ Laccocorinae..... 8 3. Abdomen longer than wide.............................................................................. 4 - Abdomen wider than long............................................................................... 6 4. Brachypterous forms; forewings membrane degenerated....................................................... 5 - Macropterous forms; forewings membrane fully developed (Fig. 2); parameres elongate, slightly thicker and weakly bifurcate basally, bearing fringe of long setae on outer margins, apices notched to varying degree.. Cheirochela tonkina Polhemus et al. 5. Lateral margin of pronotum strongly concave, forefemur wide and flat (Fig. 1).................... Ch. feana Montandon - Lateral margin of pronotum slightly concave, forefemur ventral stout (Figs. 3, 4).................... Ch. grossa sp. nov. 6. Brachypterous forms; posterolateral angles of pronotum acute (Figs. 5, 6)........... Gestroiella limnocoroides Montandon - Macropterous forms; posterolateral angles of pronotum right angle (Figs. 7, 8)............... G. limnocoroides Montandon 7. Body length less than 10 mm; pronotum brown, surface with black spot (Fig. 13), parameres asymmetrical.............................................................................................. Thurselinus scutellaris (St��l) - Body length exceeding 10 mm; pronotum yellowish, surface without black spot (Fig. 18), parameres symmetric............................................................................. Ilyocoris cimicoides cimicoides (Linnaeus) 8. Metaxyphus without acuminate tip........................................................................ 9 - Metaxyphus with acuminate tip..................................................... Ctenipocoris sinicus Zettel 9. Body length less than 9.5 mm........................................................................... 10 - Body length exceeding 10.0 mm......................................................................... 11 10. Head and pronotum almost entirely yellow, without brown maculation......................... Heleocoris jaechi Zettel - Head and pronotum yellow with obvious brown maculation (Fig. 17)............... H. bengalensis montandoni Lundblad 11. Male left paratergite VI bearing a blunt process laterally; forewings and scutellum black (Figs. 14, 15). H. ovatus Montandon - Male left paratergite VI lacking a process laterally; forewings and scutellum brown (Figs. 9, 10)..................... 12 12. Posterolateral corner of pronotum arc-shaped............................................ H. breviceps Montandon - Posterolateral corner of pronotum obtusely angled (Figs. 11, 12)............................... H. strabus Montandon, Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, The creeping water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of China, with description of a new species, pp. 571-580 in Zootaxa 3911 (4) on page 573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/241049

Heleocoris bengalensis montandoni Lundblad, 1933 (Figs. 16, 17) Heleocoris bengalensis montandoni Lundblad 1933: 70; Sites & Vitheepradit, 2011: 2. Diagnosis. Body size small, elongate. Posterior margin of head with brown punctures coalescent (Fig. 16). The dark punctuation and associated maculation on the head and pronotum denser; posterior margin of pronotum with longitudinal marks; hemelytron with large yellow patch on embolium. Abdomen laterally slightly surpassing hemelytra in males (Fig 16); Ventral laterotergites II���VII each light anteriorly, dark posteriorly. Metaxyphus without stout spines. The metaxyphus about as long as wide, produced apically, has dorsally recessed posterolateral flanges. Males with abdominal asymmetry slight. Aedeagus elongate, linear, narrow basally, widest at middle of part visible beyond pygophore; parameres elongate, directed apically; both of parameres symmetrical; pygophore with fine setae. Subgenital plate symmetry. Material examined. CHINA, Yunnan Province: 1 ♂, Mengla County (N21.96��, E101.21��), alt. 625m, 7.VII. 2010, Qing ZHAO leg.; 1 ♀, same date as above, alt. 641m, 16.VIII. 2010, Zhen YE leg. Distribution. China (Yunnan); Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Sri Lanka; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia (Java, Sumatra)., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, The creeping water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of China, with description of a new species, pp. 571-580 in Zootaxa 3911 (4) on page 578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/241049, {"references":["Lundblad, O. M. (1933) Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, Band 12, 1 - 195.","Sites, R. W. & Vitheepradit, A. (2011) Heleocoris (Heteroptera: Naucoridae: Laccocorinae) of Thailand, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2736, 1 - 16."]}

Cheirochela tonkina Polhemus, Polhemus & Sites, 2008 (Fig. 2) Cheirochela tonkina Polhemus, Polhemus & Sites, 2008: 263. Diagnosis. Macropterous forms. Body size large, form elongate ovate (Fig. 2). Macropterous pronotum yellowish brown, mottled with red brown; Scutellum dark yellow, medially orange-brown, surface sculptured, rugose, lateral margins and anterior margin sinuate. Hemelytra dark brown, surface coarsely rugose, bearing fine, pale, granular microstructure, each facet convex, shining, without setae. Parameres bearing a well developed basal lobe, elongate, slightly thicker and weakly bifurcate basally, bearing fringe of long setae on outer margins, apices notched to varying degrees; aedeagus with tip expanded; phallotheca in the form of an elongate triangle. Subgenital plate symmetry. Brachypterous form. Unknown form China. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province, 1 ♂, Laojun Mt. (N22.94��, E104.60��), Zhuang and Miao Autonomous County of Wenshan, alt. 1701m, 23. IV. 1979, Wen-xing ZHANG leg.. Distribution. China (Yunnan Province), Vietnam., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, The creeping water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of China, with description of a new species, pp. 571-580 in Zootaxa 3911 (4) on page 578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/241049, {"references":["Polhemus, D. A., Polhemus, J. T. & Sites, R. (2008) A revision of the Indochinese genera Cheirochela and Gestroiella (Naucoridae) and the review of the tribe Cheirochelini. The raffles bulletin of zoology, 56 (2), 255 - 279."]}

7 Heleocoris jaechi Zettel, 2012 Heleocoris jaechi Zettel, 2012: 31. Distribution. China (Yunnan Province). 8 Heleocoris ovatus Montandon, 1897 (Figs. 14, 15) Heleocoris ovatus Montandon, 1897 c: 451; Sites & Vitheepradit, 2011: 4; Polhemus & Polhemus, 2013: 678. Distribution. China (Hainan Province and Hongkong); Burma; Vietnam; Laos; Thailand. 9 Heleocoris bengalensis montandoni Lundblad, 1933 (first record for China) (Figs. 16, 17) Heleocoris bengalensis montandoni Lundblad 1933: 70; Sites & Vitheepradit, 2011: 2. Distribution. China (Yunnan Province); Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Indonesia; Malaysia; Singapore., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, The creeping water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of China, with description of a new species, pp. 571-580 in Zootaxa 3911 (4) on page 572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/241049, {"references":["Zettel, H. (2012) New creeping water bugs (Insecta Heteroptera Naucoridae) from China and the Philippines. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B, 113, 27 - 36.","Montandon, A. L. (1897 c) Hemiptera Cryptocerata. Fam. Naucoridae. Sous. - fam. Laccocorinae. Verhhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 47, 435 - 454.","Sites, R. W. & Vitheepradit, A. (2011) Heleocoris (Heteroptera: Naucoridae: Laccocorinae) of Thailand, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2736, 1 - 16.","Polhemus, D. A. & Polhemus, J. T. (2013) Guide to the Aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. XI. Infraorder Nepomorpha-families Naucoridae and Aphelocheiridae. The raffles bulletin of zoology, 61 (2), 665 - 686.","Lundblad, O. M. (1933) Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, Band 12, 1 - 195."]}

Aphelocheirus menglaensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A���B; 2 A���K) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Mengla County (21.9487 N 101.2457 E), Yunnan Province, 24. III. 2001, Chang-fa ZHOU leg.. Paratypes: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same date as holotype. Diagnosis. This is the fourth known Oriental species of the genus which has strong modifications on the middle and hind legs of the male. Similar character states have been previously noted in A. femoratus, A. tuberculipes and A. longlingensis. The new species is morphologically similar to A. femoratus Polhemus & Polhemus 1989, from which it can be separated by size of swellings, the shape of meso- and metatrochanters (Fig. 2 B���C) and shape of the male parameres (Figs. 2 D���I). The subgenital plate of the female is broadly subtriangular with the apex produced (Fig. 2 K). Other distinguishing characters include the length of the head anterior to the eyes, which is moderately prolonged in A. menglaensis, more so than in A. femoratus and the angle and length of the inner projection on the propleuron (Fig. 2 A). Description. Brachypterous male. Body length 8.70���9.90mm, body width 5.10���5.90mm, large size for genus, form elongate. General colour dull brown with extensive blackish markings. Male. Head. Light orange, shining, minutely alveolate; eyes reddish brown, shining, lateral margins weakly sinuate; Preocular portion of head moderately long, 0.7 times as long as eye length, space between eyes shiny, light orange but dark brown at apex. Antennae golden brown; rostrum gold at base and dark red at apex, glabrous, attaining posterior margin of hind coxae. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 1 A, B) dull blackish brown, coarsely rugose, bearing very short recumbent golden setae, posterior portion expanded. Maximum width at posterolateral corners, 3.5 times median length. Lateral margins brown, each bearing a few short stout setae, posterolateral angles rounded. Scutellum dark brown, width/length = 2.8 /1.0, surface coarsely rugose, lateral margins weakly sinuate. Lateral margins of hemelytra (Fig. 1 A, B) dark brown, poster margins of hemelytra yellow, coarsely granulate, large, not reaching posterior margin of tergite II. Each hemelytron much wider than long and laterally with sharp triangular embolar process laterally. Abdomen. Dorsal surface yellowish, lateral margins dark brown, surface coarsely rugose, sparsely covered with fine recumbent golden setae, posterolateral angles of segments III���VI (Fig. 2 J, K) prolonged into slender spinose projections, IV���VI acute. Ventral surface dark brown, sparsely covered with fine recumbent gold setae; abdominal segments V���VII asymmetrical. Segments III-V with irregular glabrous pits adjacent to and inward of spiracular rosettes, III���VI weakly and broadly carinate medially, IV���VI each with median protruberance bearing 3���5 short stout setae, III with row of small glabrous pits extending inward from spiracular rosette and along base of segment. Legs. Golden brown, shining, covered with fine recumbent gold setae; anterior trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus with thick hair pads on inner faces; fore, middle and hind coxae with combs of gold setae distally; middle and hind trochanters with raised brown swellings apically; hind femur with raised ovate brown swelling basally on ventral surface, many fine gold spines along anterior margin, transverse row of short gold spines apically. Middle femur, tibia and tarsus with thick pads of gold setae posteriorly; hind tibia sparsely set with stout golden spines anteriorly, transverse row of golden spines apically; hind tibia and tarsus with long swimming hairs posteriorly; claws obviously curving, gold, tips brown. Genitalia. Left paramere wide and flat, apical part broadened (Fig. 2 D���F). Right paramere (Fig. 2 G���I) broadly expanded basally, apex rounded. Female. Colour and vestiture generally as in male. Subgenital plate broadly subtriangular, lateral margins sinuate, apex produced (Fig. 2 K). Macropterous form. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan Province). Etymology. Referring to the type locality of Mengla County., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, A new species and notes on the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China, pp. 437-443 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on pages 439-441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/236252, {"references":["Polhemus, D. A. & Polhemus, J. T. (1989) The Aphelocheirinae of tropical Asia (Heteroptera: Naucoridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 36 (2) [1988], 167 - 300."]}

Thurselinus scutellaris (St��l, 1860) (Fig. 13) Naucoris scutellaris St��l, 1859: 266; Lundblad, 1933: 63; Nieser & Chen, 1991: 53; Zettel et al, 1999: 58; Chen et al, 2005: 127. Thurselinus scutellaris: Zettel, 2001: 1090; Zettel, 2011: 170. Diagnosis. Body size small, elongate. Colour of head and pronotum yellowish, both with variable dark marks, those of pronotum larger, posterior margin of pronotum with longitudinal marks; hemelytron with large yellow patch on embolium and with indistinct, varying, elongate yellowish marks on clavus and corium. Abdomen laterally largely surpassing hemelytra; postero-lateral corners of connexiva of abdominal segments 4���6 spine-like produced; mesotibia with ventromesal row of 6���7 spines in distal three fourths, dorso-mesally with row of similar stout bristles; mesosternal carina anteriorly strongly notched, posteriorly weakly elevated, with long curved hairs. Males with abdominal asymmetry. Aedeagus long and slender; with acuminate tip; both of parameres asymmetrical, left paramere with inner apical process finger-like, separated by a small notch from the much broader outer process, with numerous stout bristles; right paramere with long recurved. Subgenital plate symmetry. Subgenital plate slender, apically narrow, with distinct small median notch. Material examined. CHINA, Hainan Province: 1 ♀, Maoyang Town (N18.94��, E109.51��), Mt. Wuzhishan, alt. 232m, 6.VII. 2010, Zhen YE leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Nankai township (N19.09��, E109.42��), Baisha country, 8. VII. 2014, Qiang XIE, Yan-hui WANG, Yan-zhuo WU leg. Distribution. China (Hainan); India; Thailand; Sri Lanka; Philippines; Brunei, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi). Discussion. Early literature on aquatic insects of China is rather sparse and widely scattered. Although various groups of aquatic insects have caught the attention of entomologists in China and elsewhere, many groups remained unstudied (Cheng, Yang, Li & Liu, 2006). Until now 12 species of Naucoridae are known from China, form the checklist, we can know 9 species were recorded form Yunnan province, 3 species were recorded form Hainan province and mostly provinces in China with only one species or no record. It is the first step toward elucidating the fauna of China, we have a lot of work to do in the near future., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2015, The creeping water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of China, with description of a new species, pp. 571-580 in Zootaxa 3911 (4) on pages 578-579, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/241049, {"references":["Lundblad, O. M. (1933) Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, Band 12, 1 - 195.","Nieser, N. & Chen, P. - P. (1991) Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 134, 47 - 67.","Zettel, H., Nieser, N. & Polhemus, D. A. (1999) The Naucoridae (Insecta: Heteroptera) of the Philippine Islands. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie B, 101, 43 - 105.","Chen, P. - P., Nieser, N. & Zettel, H. (2005) The aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha & Gerromorpha) of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana Handbooks 5, Brill, Leiden Boston, 546 pp.","Zettel, H. (2001) Die indische Zwergschwimmwanze Nanonaucoris gen. n., eine neue Gattung der Naucorini (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) aus Sudindien. Linzer biologische Beitrage, 33 (2), 1085 - 1095.","Zettel, H. (2011) The creeping water bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of Brunei. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 112, 163 - 171.","Cheng, L. N., Yang, C. M., Li, D. Q. & Liu, H. M. (2006) Aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54 (2), 203 - 214."]}

Aphelocheirus longlingensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A, B; 2 A���K) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Longling county (N 24.59 ��, E 98.59 ��), Yunnan Province, 16. IV. 2002, Xiao-hong OU leg.. Paratypes: 2 ♂, CHINA: Longxinxueshan (N 24.56 ��, E 98.82 ��), Longling county, Yunnan Province, alt. 1820m, 20. IV. 2002, Xiao-hong OU leg.; 1 ♂, same date as above, alt. 1820m, 20. IV. 2002, Chuanhui YI leg.; 2 ♂, same date as holotype, alt. 2000m, 16. IV. 2002, light-trapped, Ying-xian SITU leg.; 1 ♀, CHINA: Banglazhang (N 24.66 ��, E 98.67 ��), Longling county, Yunnan Province, alt. 1550m, 18. IV. 2002, Xiao-hong OU leg. Diagnosis. The new species are morphologically similar to A. femoratus Polhemus & Polhemus 1989, which can be separated from the latter by size of swellings and shape of the meso- and metatrochanters (Figs. 2 I, J). Swellings are narrow on the mesotrochanters and obscure on metatrochanters; Swellings are roughly circular and distinct dilatations on the metafemora. The left paramere is apically wider and the right paramere is distally narrower (Figs. 2 F���H). The subgenital plate of the female is broadly subtriangularly shaped, lateral margins at about basal third with narrow tufts of very long setae and subapically with thick relatively long setae; ridges set with long yellowish setae (Fig. 2 A) The swellings on new species legs also resembles A. tuberculipes Zettel & Tran, 2009, which can be distinguished from the latter species by the male genitalia (Figs. 2 F���H). Other major characters between A. longlingensis and A. tuberculipes include the length of the head anterior to the eyes, which is moderately prolonged in A. tuberculipes, more so than in A. longlingensis. Spines absent from abdominal sternal midline in A. longlingensis. Description. Body large size for genus, form elongate. General colour brown to dull blackish brown. Male. Head. Dark brown, shining, minutely alveolate; eyes black, shining, lateral margins weakly sinuate, not confluent except on most posterior part; interspaces between eyes shiny. Preocular portion of head moderately long, 0.67 times as long as eye length. Antennae yellowish brown. Rostrum golden, attaining bases of hind coxae. Thorax. Pronotum more massive, dull blackish brown, lighter brown laterally, shining centrally. Surface distinctly convex, bearing very short decumbent golden setae, posterior portion expanded, lateral margins coarsely granulate, posterolateral angles obtuse, rounded. Scutellum swollen, dark brown, lateral margins weakly sinuate; mesoscutum dull blackish brown, flat, width longer than length; hemelytra complete, rugose, bearing short decumbent setae, these setae longer on embolium; clavus, corium and embolium well defined, membrane infumate (Fig. 1 A). Prosternum sharply carinate medially, propleurae with inner projections deeply notched, coming to a round pointed tip apically (Fig. 2 B); mesosternal plate weakly carinate, not tumescent. Abdomen. Dorsal surface dark brown, coarsely rugose, bearing decumbent setae, posterolateral angles of abdominal segments III���VI strongly spinose, posterolateral angles of segment VII sharply, coming to acute points posteriorly. Ventral surface dark brown, weakly pruinose, sparsely covered with fine decumbent golden setae; abdominal segments V���VII extremely asymmetrical. Segments III���V with irregular glabrous pits adjacent to and inward of spiracular rosettes, sternum III with small posteromedial protuberance. Spines absent from abdominal sternal midline (Fig. 2 K). Legs. Light brown, shining, covered with fine decumbent golden setae; anterior trochanter, femur, tibiae and tarsi with thick hair pads on inner faces; anterior, middle and hind coxae with combs of golden setae distally; middle trochanter, femur, tibiae and tarsi with thick pads of golden setae posteriorly; middle tibiae with scattered stout reddish spines along anterior face intermixed with several very long erect spine-like setae, transverse row of reddish spines apically; hind femur with short decumbent golden spines along anterior margin, scattered erect stout setae along posterior margin and each with raised, ovate, brown swelling (Fig. 2 J). These patches composed of densely packed, very short, modified setae; hind tibiae sparsely set with stout reddish spines anteriorly, transverse row of reddish spines apically; hind tibiae and tarsi with long swimming hairs posteriorly; claws curved, golden, with tips dark red. Genitalia. Left paramere broadly expanded subapically, truncate apically (Figs. 2 C���E). Right paramere with bend at proximal two thirds, distal one-third slender; apex narrowly rounded (Figs. 2 F���H). Female. Generally similar to male, but more shining. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2 A) of broadly subtriangular shape, side sinuate, convex at base; lateral margins at about basal third with narrow tufts of very long setae and subapically with thick relatively long setae; ridges set with long golden setae (Fig. 2 A). Brachypterous form. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. Referring to the type locality of the new species: Longling County., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2014, Two new species and three new records of the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China, pp. 222-230 in Zootaxa 3793 (2) on pages 224-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/228365, {"references":["Polhemus, D. A. & Polhemus, J. T. (1989) The Aphelocheirinae of tropical Asia (Heteroptera: Naucoridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 36 (2) [1988], 167 - 300.","Zettel, H. & Tran, A. D. (2009) Notes on the Aphelocheiridae (Heteroptera) from Indochina, with redescriptions of Aphelocheirus inops Horvath, 1918 and A. gularis Horvath, 1918 and the description of a new species from Vietnam. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55 (3), 211 - 226."]}

Key to the Chinese species of Aphelocheirus 1. Macropterous forms................................................................................... 2 - Brachypterous forms.................................................................................. 15 2. Larger species, body length exceeding 10 mm............................................................... 3 - Smaller species, body length less than 10 mm.............................................................. 10 3. Head produced ahead of eyes for more than 1 the dorsal length of an eye......................................... 4 - Head produced ahead of eyes for less than 1 the dorsal length of an eye (Figs. 1 A–E)............................... 5 4. Abdominal ventrite VI lacking a conspicuous projecting tab; rostrum reaching the bases of hind coxae..................................................................................................... A. amplus Liu et Zheng - Abdominal ventrite VI having a conspicuous projecting tab; rostrum only attaining middle coxae. A. maculosus Liu et Zheng 5. Rostrum only reaching the bases of middle coxae........................................................... 6 - Rostrum reaching or over pass the bases of hind coxae........................................................ 7 6. Posterolateral angles of pronotum obtuse, broadly rounded; embolium lateral angles obtuse, broadly rounded................................................................................................... A. altigradus Zettel - Posterolateral angles of pronotum very sharp; embolium lateral angles produced to a sharp acute point................................................................................................. A. longidentatus Liu et Ding 7. Abdominal ventrite VI having a conspicuous projecting tab................................................... 8 - Abdominal ventrite VI lacking a conspicuous projecting tab................................... A. motuoensis sp. nov. 8. Rostrum reaching to bases of hind coxae; coloration light brown................................................ 9 - Rostrum reaching beyond hind trochanters; coloration dark brown.................... A. similaris Polhemus et Polhemus 9. Inner projections of propleuron terminating in slender acute apices; female subgenital plate roughly triangular................................................................................................. A. carinatus (Royer) - Inner projections of propleuron apices rounded; female subgenital plate truncate apically.................................................................................................... A. cantonensis Polhemus et Polhemus 10. Head produced ahead of eyes for less than 1 the dorsal length of an eye......................................... 11 - Head produced ahead of eyes for more than 1 the dorsal length of an eye....................... A. amurensis Kiritshenko 11. Head produced ahead of eyes for more than 0.65 the dorsal length of an eye...................................... 12 - Head produced ahead of eyes for less than 0.5 the dorsal length of an eye; legs yellow............... A. luteus Liu et Ding 12. Pronotum width obviously 3 times larger than its length...................................................... 13 - Pronotum width almost 3 times equal to its length........................................... A. sinensis Montandon 13. Inner projections of propleuron with apex coming to sharp acute angles apically; mesotrochanter and metafemur without swellings........................................................................................... 14 - Inner projection of propleuron with apex coming to a slender acute points (Fig. 2 B); mesotrochanter and metafemur raise swellings (Figs. 2 I, J)............................................................... A. longlingensis sp. nov. 14. Embolium lateral angles obtuse, broadly rounded....................................... A. improcerus Kiritshenko - Embolium lateral angles produced to a sharp acute point, rostrum reaching middle trochanter..... A. brunneus Liu et Zheng 15. Posterolateral angles of pronotum obtuse, broadly rounded, posterior margin sinuate............................... 16 - Posterolateral angles of pronotum very sharp (Fig. 1 F); male parameres distinctive and covered with long hair; left paramere is smaller than right paramere.................................................................. A. nawae Nawa 16. Forewings touching medially, or nearly so................................................................. 17 - Forewings widely separated medially..................................................................... 20 17. Trailing edge of forewings paralleled to the II abdominal segment.............................................. 18 - Trailing edge of forewings closed to the II abdominal segment, formed one open triangle...... A. thai Polhemus et Polhemus 18. Male lacking deep colour swelling on ventral face of hind femur............................................... 19 - Male with deep colour swelling on ventral face of hind femur................................................. 23 19. The abdominal tergite I could not be seen from dorsal habitus.................................. A. hainanensis Zettel - The abdominal tergite I could be obviously seen from dorsal habitus................................. A. jendeki Zettel 20. Scutellum width significantly greater than 3 the scutellum length............................................... 21 - Scutellum width for less than 3 the scutellum length......................................................... 22 21. Scutellum lateral margins straightly; head produced ahead of eyes for less than 0.45 the dorsal length of an eye.................................................................................... A. dudgeoni Polhemus et Polhemus - Scutellum lateral margins weakly sinuate; head produced ahead of eyes for 0.50 the dorsal length of an eye or greater...................................................................................... A. ellipsoideus Liu et Ding 22. Pronotum width for less than 4 pronotum length; head produced ahead of eyes for more than 1.0 the dorsal length of an eye.................................................................................... A. yaumatsui Miyamoto - Pronotum width for more than 4 pronotum length; head produced ahead of eyes for 0.61 the dorsal length of an eye......................................................................................... A. denticeps Montandon 23. Rostrum reaching the bases of middle coxae................................... A. femoratus Polhemus et Polhemus - Rostrum reaching the bases of hind coxae........................................... A. tuberculipes Zettel et Tran

Aphelocheirus nawae Nawa, 1905 (Fig. 1 F) Aphelochira nawae Nawa, 1905: 56; Matsumura, 1905: 54; Polhemus & Polhemus, 1989: 257. Aphelocheirus variegatus Kiritshenko, 1925: 40 (syn. Kiritshenko, 1952: 208). Material examined. CHINA, Anhui Province: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Shexian County (N 29.52 ��, E 118.25 ��), 8. IV. 1989, Changhai SUN leg.. Fujian Province: 1 ♂, Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve (N 25.64 ��, E 118.14 ��), Dehua County, 12.IX. 2002, Wan-liang ZHANG leg.. Jiangxi Province: 41 ♂ 9 ♀, Meiling (N 28.79 ��, E 115.75 ��), Nanchang County, 3. VII. 1996, Jian-guo WANG leg.; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Hengkengshui (N 24.57 ��, E 114.46 ��), Mt. Jiulian, 16. VII. 2002, Wan-liang ZHANG & Jian-hua DING leg.. Sichuan Province: 1 ♀, Xichang (N 27.88 ��, E 112.22 ��), Yi nationality Autonomous Prefecture of Liangshan, 5. X. 1939, Yao ZHOU, Feng-ying ZHENG & Tian-he HAO leg.. Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan); Japan; Korea. Aphelocheirus tuberculipes Zettel & Tran 2009 Aphelocheirus tuberculipes Zettel & Tran 2009: 221. Material examined. CHINA, Yunnan Province: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Longjie (N 24.61 ��, E 100.88 ��), Jingdong County, 24. IV. 2001, Chang-fa ZHOU leg.. Distribution. China (Yunnan); Vietnam (Cao Bang)., Published as part of Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2014, Two new species and three new records of the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China, pp. 222-230 in Zootaxa 3793 (2) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/228365, {"references":["Polhemus, D. A. & Polhemus, J. T. (1989) The Aphelocheirinae of tropical Asia (Heteroptera: Naucoridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 36 (2) [1988], 167 - 300.","Zettel, H. & Tran, A. D. (2009) Notes on the Aphelocheiridae (Heteroptera) from Indochina, with redescriptions of Aphelocheirus inops Horvath, 1918 and A. gularis Horvath, 1918 and the description of a new species from Vietnam. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55 (3), 211 - 226."]}

Aphelocheirus motuoensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1 C, D; 3 A–H) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Motuo County (N 29.33 °, E 95.34 °), Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region, alt. 2077m, 11. VII. 2013, light-trapped, Wen-bo YI leg.. Paratypes: 3 ♂ 5 ♀, same date as holotype. Diagnosis. This new species resembles A. carinatus Royer, which can be distinguished from the latter species by the male genitalia (Figs. 3 C–H). Other major characters include the length of the head anterior to the eyes, which is moderately prolonged in A. carinatus, more so than in A. motuoensis, the angle and length of the propleuron inner projection, and larger size and different shape female subgenital plate (Fig. 3 B). Description. Body large size for genus, form elongate. Coloration dull blackish brown, with head, scutellum and central portion of pronotum darker. Male. Head. Dark brown, minutely alveolate; eyes black, shining, lateral margins weakly sinuate, not confluent except on most posterior part; interspaces between eyes shiny. Preocular portion of head moderately long, 0.70 times as long as eye length. Antennae yellowish brown; rostrum golden, extending to hind coxae. Thorax. Pronotum massive, blackish brown, surface shining, lighter brown laterally, darker centrally, surface coarsely rugose with distinctly convex, bearing very short decumbent golden setae, posterior portion expanded, lateral margins coarsely granulate, posterolateral angles obtuse, rounded. Scutellum swollen, surface coarsely rugose, shining, dark brown, lateral margins weakly sinuate; mesoscutum cymbiform, bearing short decumbent setae. Hemelytra dark brown, large, complete and rugose, exceeding tip of abdomen bearing short decumbent setae; these setae longer on embolium; clavus, corium and embolium well defined, membrane lighter brown to white (Fig. 1 C). Prosternum sharply carinate medially, propleurae with inner projections deeply notched, with apex slender (Fig. 3 A); mesosternal plate longitudinally carinate medially, broadly tumescent posteromedially. Abdomen. Dorsal surface dark brown, coarsely rugose, bearing decumbent dark setae, posterolateral angles of segments III–V prolonged into slender spinose projections, coming to acute points posteriorly. Ventral surface dark brown or brown, weakly pruinose, sparsely covered with fine decumbent golden setae; abdominal segments III–IV weakly and broadly carinate medially, these carinae forming posteriorly directed protruberances which bearing one short stout setae. Abdomen with segments V–VII extremely asymmetrical; segments III–VII with irregular glabrous pits adjacent to and inward of spiracular rosettes, sternum III–V with small posteromedial protuberance. Spines absent from abdominal sternal midline. Legs. White to brown, shining, covered with fine decumbent golden setae; anterior trochanter, femur, tibiae and tarsi with thick hair pads on inner faces; anterior, middle and hind coxae with combs of golden setae distally; middle trochanter, femur, tibiae and tarsi with thick pads of golden setae posteriorly; hind tibiae and tarsi with long swimming hairs posteriorly; claws curved, golden, tips dark red. Genitalia. Left paramere extremely expanded in apical third, truncate apically (Figs. 3 C–E). Apex of right paramere narrowly rounded, both parameres with long hairs subapically (Figs. 3 F–H). Female. Colour and vestiture generally as in male. Subgenital plate (Fig. 3 B) broadly subtriangular; deeply notched and formed a “V” sharp at apex; lateral margins at about middle with narrow tufts of very long setae and ridges set with long golden setae (Fig. 3 B). Brachypterous form. Unknown. Distribution. China (Xizang). Etymology. Referring to the Motuo County in which the type locality situated. Aphelocheirus similaris Polhemus & Polhemus, 1989 (Fig. 1 E) Aphelocheirus similaris Polhemus & Polhemus, 1989: 242. Material examined. CHINA, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Luoxiang (N 23.94 °, E 110.28 °), Yao Autonomous County of Jinxiu, 5.V. 1999, Ming-yuan GAO leg.; 16 ♂ 16 ♀, Longrui (N 22.36 °, E 107.10 °), Ningming County, 18–20.V. 1984, light-trapped, Shu-zhi REN leg.. Guangdong Province: 2 ♂, Yadongxi (N 23.55 °, E 113.59 °), Conghua County, 25. IX. 2011, Xian-fu LI leg. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guangdong); Vietnam.