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Pelvic exenteration is often required for primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision (PRC-bTME) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Some patients with radical resection can achieve long-term survival, but they need to face risks, such as huge surgical trauma, serious perioperative complications, permanent loss of organ function and decline in quality of life. Preoperative evaluation of PRC-bTME and LRRC should emphasize multidisciplinary collaboration and develop individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies. The principles of function preservation and risk-benefit balance in surgery oncology should be followed, and R0 resection should be emphasized. Perioperative complications, surgical trauma and organ function loss should be minimized to achieve the best quality control and balance point. This consensus was formulated by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Gastrointestinal Surgery Committee of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. The draft was formed based on the summary of domestic and foreign research progress and expert experience. After discussion, review and modification by experts, an anonymous voting was conducted for each major opinion, and in-depth verification was carried out according to the principles of evidence-based medicine. Finally, the Chinese expert consensus on the pelvic exenteration with primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes and locally recurrent rectal cancer (2023 edition) was formed. This consensus mainly summarizes the indications and contraindications of pelvic exenteration (PE) for PRC-bTME and LRRC, preoperative diagnosis and evaluation, perioperative treatment, as well as the resection scope, surgical methods, reconstruction of related organs, safety and complications of PE, postoperative follow-up and other issues, in order to provide guidance for PE in patients with PRC-bTME and LRRC.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the trajectory tracking control problem of the manipulator and establishes a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator dynamic model. In order to solve the problem that generalized predictive control(GPC) algorithm is difficult to apply to nonlinear systems, a feedback linearization-based generalized predictive control(FL-GPC) algorithm framework is designed. The bottom layer of the algorithm is the linear system predictive control and the non-linear term is replaced by the estimated value. The upper level is iteratively revised estimates and the non-linear term is estimated using the iterative calculation method. Finally, the FL-GPC algorithm is used to simulate the static and dynamic trajectory tracking tasks of a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator. Simulation results show that the algorithm can perform effective manipulator trajectory tracking control.

The severity of the dengue epidemic is on the rise, with its geographic range had expanded to southern Europe by 2024. In this August, the WHO updated the pathogens that could spark the next pandemic, dengue virus was on the list. Vaccines and drugs serve as powerful tools for both preventing dengue infections and treating patients. Animal models play a pivotal role in vaccine development and drug screening. Available potential susceptible animals, including non-human primates, rodents, pigs, and tree shrews, have been extensively explored to establish animal models of dengue disease. Despite significant advancements, there are still notable limitations. Different animal models exhibit distinct constraining factors such as viraemia, host susceptibility, immune function of the host, clinical symptoms, ADE (antibody-dependent enhancement) phenomena, cytokine storm response to various serotypes and strain variations. Furthermore, despite extensive research on the dengue virus receptor in recent years, genetically modified animal models immunocompetent harbouring dengue virus susceptibility receptors have not yet been available. This work reviewed the research progress of dengue virus receptors and dengue animal models, suggesting that the development of genetically modified murine models expressing dengue virus functional receptors may hold a promise for future dengue disease research, especially for its vaccine development.

Hard coatings such as TiAlCN can improve the surface hardness， wear resistance and corrosion resistance of metal workpieces，thereby effectively improving the precision and service life of cutting tools， abrasive tools and auto parts in service under high-speed rotation conditions.In this paper， the structure and application of TiCN， TiAlN and TiAlCN coatings formed by adding Al and C elements to TiN were reviewed， the effects of adding Al and C elements on the structure and properties of the coatings and their mechanism of action were summarized.The preparation methods of TiCN， TiAlN and TiAlCN coatings in recent years were summarized， including DC magnetron sputtering(DCMS)， high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS)， medium temperature chemical vapor deposition (MTCVD) and laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD).In addition， the future development direction of multicomponent TiN coatings was prospected.

In this paper, based on the research background of recovering uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid(WPA) by amino phosphonate acid chelating resin, the distribution of uranium in single particle amino phosphonate chelating resin was studied. The results show that the optimal laser frequency of LA-ICP-MS is determined to be 6 Hz, the beam spot diameter is 44 μm, and the energy density is 6 J/cm2. The resin with saturated adsorption and the resin with complete elution were selected as the external standard of the adsorption and leaching process, and the homogeneity test was carried out. The relative standard deviation of uranium content in the resin with saturated adsorption and the resin with complete elution are 3.87% and 3.52%(n=9), respectively. Uniformity is good. In situ microzone analysis of uranium in amino phosphonic acid chelating resin was carried out by LA-ICP-MS. The adsorption process of uranium on the resin is gradually completed from the outside to the inside, and the leaching process is gradually completed from the outside to the inside, and the concentration of uranium inside and outside the resin is gradually uniform and unified, and finally reaches adsorption saturation and leaching complete.

ObjectiveThrough improving the potential of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-humanized mouse model (hKDR+/+) with C57BL/6N background to allow the growth of different mouse tumor cell lines, to establish novel tumor-bearing mouse models which can support in vivo tumorigenesis of different mouse tumor cell lines and be used to evaluate drugs targeting VEGFR. Methods Firstly, a method to evaluate the in vivo activity of antibody targeting VEGFR based on the hKDR+/+ humanized mouse model was established. Recombinant activating gene 1 (Rag1) knockout mice (Rag1-/-) were established using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Then these Rag1-/- mice were crossed with hKDR+/+ mice to get a double gene modified homozygous hKDR+/+/Rag1-/- mouse model by screening. Finally, tumor cell lines derived from different mouse strains were tested on the double gene-modified mouse model to compare the differences in tumor growth.ResultsAntibodies designed for VEGFR showed significant anti-tumor activity in hKDR+/+ mice, which significantly reduced tumor volume and weight compared with the PBS group (P

The current technology of foundation pit deformation measurement is inefficient, and its accuracy is not ideal. Therefore, an intelligent prediction model of foundation pit deformation based on back propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed to predict the foundation pit deformation intelligently, with high accuracy and efficiency, so as to improve the safety of the project. Firstly, to address the shortcomings of BPNNs, which rely on the initial parameter settings and tend to fall into local optimum and unstable performance, this study adopts the modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) to optimise the parameters of BPNNs and constructs a pit deformation prediction model based on the MPSO–BP algorithm to achieve predictive measurements of pit deformation. After training and testing the data samples, the results show that the prediction accuracy of the MPSO–BP pit deformation prediction model is 99.76%, which is 2.25% higher than that of the particle swarm optimization–back propagation (PSO–BP) pit deformation prediction model and 3.01% higher than that of the BP pit deformation prediction model. The aforementioned results show that the MPSO–BP pit deformation prediction model proposed in this study can effectively predict the pit deformation variables of construction projects and provide data support for the protective measures of the staff, which is helpful for the cause of construction projects in China.

Objective: To investigate the types of volatile flavor components and their content differences in different vinegar ages of Hexi balsamic vinegar. Methods: Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile aroma components of five groups of Hexi balsamic vinegar of different years in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Results: A total of 117 volatile aroma components were detected in 5 groups of Hexi balsamic vinegar of different vinegar ages, 25 alcohol substances, 13 aldehydes, 14 acids, 24 esters and 41 other (ethers, phenols, alkane heterocyclic compounds, etc.) substances, the proportion of the quantity of substances in each of the five categories of substances to the total quantity of substances is 21.4%, 11.1%, 12.0%, 20.5% and 35.0%, respectively. The volatile aroma substances of Hexi balsamic vinegar in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were 29, 31, 35, 41 and 41 substances, respectively. With the prolongation of aging time, the number of alcohols showed a "W" pattern; the number of aldehydes, acids and other substances showed a rising trend before decreasing; the overall trend of the number of esters was not obvious. The relative contents of aldehydes and other substances showed an overall increasing trend; the relative contents of acids and esters showed an overall decreasing trend; the relative contents of alcohols showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. Conclusion: There were differences in the types and contents of volatile aroma components of Hexi balsamic vinegar with different vinegar ages, and the quality of Hexi balsamic vinegar in 2019 was relatively better among the five groups of samples studied.

With mine drainage and activities, the hydrogeochemical environments has greatly changed in Kongjiagou coalmine, Sichuan Province, southwest China. This study aimed to summarize an ideal model of coalmine hydrogeochemical zonation and evolution. In total, 24 groundwater samples from different depth were collected to analyze their components, with the combination of methods such as ion sources, normalization index, ions ratios, cation exchange and inverse modeling. The hydrogeochemical formation main factor was water–rock reactions and more weathering by sulfuric acid. Dissolution and pyrite oxidation were the main sources of , whereas carbonate weathering was the dominant source of . The vertical extent could be distinguished to three zones by mean and standard deviation of burial depth. The normalization index, ions ratios, cation exchange and water types exhibited clear vertical zonation. In shallow groundwater, dissolution led to a Ca- type water and overall stable concentrations of ions. Redox reactions in the middle region have caused significant increases in the total dissolved solids (TDS) and and a considerable reduction in pH; hence, Ca + Mg-SO4 + HCO3 became the dominant type. Re-dissolution and cation exchange played important roles at depth and caused the pH and TDS to increase slowly. The , Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations increased rapidly, whereas the concentration remained basically unchanged, and the water type was either Ca + Mg-HCO3 + SO4 or Na-HCO3 + SO4. This study will be of great significance to coalmine safety production and water environments protection. HIGHLIGHTS Distinguished vertical zonation based on mean and standard deviation of burial depth.; Introduced ions normalization index for hydrogeochemical analysis.; PHREEQC was used to calculate the amount transferred from shallow to deep.; The main reactions from shallow to deep were dissolution, redox, re-dissolution and cation exchange.; Summarized an ideal vertical zoning model and mechanism of coal mine hydrogeochemically.;

Ginseng can be used as medicine and food, and has the function of immune regulation. The diversified deep-processed products of ginseng functional food are a hot research topic nowadays. Ginseng and Vidal ice-grapes are fermented at low temperatures. In this way, the polysaccharide based ginsenosides of ginseng are converted into Rg2, Rf, Rg3, Rg5, CK, etc. and the bioavailability of them are significantly improved. The ginseng ice wine has a delicate and mellow entrance, and a long aftertaste, which has the functions of relieving physical fatigue, relaxing blood vessels, and enhancing immunity. The aroma components and non-volatile components of ginseng ice wine can reflect the quality and production process of the wine. In order to study the active ingredients of ginseng ice wine, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ-MS/MS) was used to pass a DB-Heavy WAX column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) with a split ratio of 1∶20, the method of temperature programmed was used to analyze the volatile components in ginseng ice wine. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) was used to analyze the ginsenosides and polyphenols in ginseng ice wine. The polyphenols and ginsenosides in ginseng ice wine were analyzed by Sigma HPLC column C18 (5 cm×3.0 mm×2.7 μm) using acetonitrile 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase with the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and gradient elution method. According to the quasi-molecular ion peak and fragment ion information provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry, the relative molecular mass and structure information of the compounds could be analyzed. Combining the retention time and related literature data, a total of 28 volatile components, 28 ginsenosides and 24 polyphenols were identified, which clarified the material basis of ginseng ice wine, and could be used for the identification and quality evaluation of ginseng ice wine. This research provides a theoretical basis for the further development of ginseng ice wine and a foundation for the development of ginseng functional food.

The traditional methods for determining the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) in the full suction range always takes several months. To better guide the engineering practice with the theory of unsaturated soil mechanics, the rapid determination of SWCC is particularly important. In this study, a rapid measurement method for SWCC in the wide (full) suction range was developed with the combination of pressure plate method, parallel filter paper method and dew point potentiameter method, and the proposed method was used to test two different soils. Results showed that: i) The experimental data of the parallel filter paper method and that of the serial filter paper method were in good agreement, so the parallel filter paper method can be used instead of the serial filter paper method to shorten the measurement time. ii) When the measured data meet the general shape of SWCC (or meet the requirements of engineering design), the number of tests can be reduced appropriately to improve the measurement efficiency. A complete SWCC can be determined by the proposed combined method with only 10 to 12 points. iii) The measurement method proposed in this study can shorten the measurement time of SWCC testing from several months to 7–10 days. The combined method proposed in this study achieved the rapid and accurate determination of SWCC in wide (full) suction ranges, which is expected to make the SWCC measurement become a routine geotechnical test.

Objective To investigate the changes of miRNA-145a-5p in liver progenitor cells and mice infected with hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) at different time points to preliminarily explore the mechanism of HBx causing liver tumor. Methods HBx gene was transfected into 14-19 liver precursor cells by lentivirus vector to construct HBx-EGFP-14-19 cell line, and then the suspension of obtained cells was injected into KM mice through hepatic portal vein to establish an HBx model with a complete immune system. The liver tissues were collected on days 30, 90, 180, and 360. The expression of HBx in HBx-EGFP-14-19 cells and HBx mice was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. After miR-145a-5p mimic and inhibitor was transfected into the HBx-EGFP-14-19 cells and HBx mice having been fed for 180 d, respectively, the RNA expression of miR-145a-5p, c-Myc, Kras, apoptosis-related and cell cycle-related factors was detected by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression of them were detected by Western blotting. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay. Results The cell model capable of stably expressing HBx and HBx mouse model were established successfully. Overexpression of HBx induced the down-regulation of miR-145a-5p in HBx-EGFP-14-19 cells and HBx mice, while enhanced the expression of c-Myc and Kras. MiR-145a-5p mimic/agomir inhibited cell proliferation and down-regulated the expression of c-Myc, Kras, Bcl-2, CDK4, CyclinE, CyclinD1, and up-regulated the expression of Bad and Bax, while miR-145a-5p inhibitor/antagomir led to the opposite Results from the mimic. Conclusion Overexpression of HBx leads to the occurrence of liver tumor in mice, and its mechanism may be related to its regulation of miR-145a-5p and its target genes c-Myc and Kras and inhibition for cell apoptosis.

Objective: To optimize the refining process of crude fish oil from mandarin fish viscera and to improve the quality of fish oil. Methods: With phosphoric acid volume fraction, addition amount of NaOH and activated clay as influencing factors, the acid value and peroxide value as the evaluation indexes, the refining process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface analysis. The sensory quality, physicochemical indexes and fatty acid composition of fish oil before and after refining process were analyzed. Results: The optimal refining conditions were obtained as follows, phosphoric acid volume fraction of 50%, addition amount of 2% NaOH, addition amount of 15% activated clay. Under the optimal refining condition, the acid value and peroxide value of refined fish oil were （0.94±0.03） mg/g and （0.12±0.01） g/100 g in accordance with the predicted values, which indicates regression equation is significant. The sensory quality, physicochemical indexes and physical properties of fish oil after refining process were improved effectively, reaching the second-grade or above standards of refined fish oil of China's aquatic industry （SC/T 3502—2016）. The fatty acid composition didn't change significantly during the refining. The refined fish oil was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids, mainly 11-Octadecenoic acid （36.73%） and 9,11-Octadecadienoic acid （27.02%）. Conclusion: This research reveals the refining process and quality changes of fish oil, and can provide a theoretical basis for the effectively development and utilization of mandarin fish visceral byproducts.

The high cycle fatigue behavior of TC11 titanium alloy with lamellar structure before and after surface nanocrystallization was studied by supersonic fine particle bombardment (SFPB).The microstructure of the high cycle fatigue fracture and its vicinity were compared and analyzed by means of optical microscope (OM),scanning electron microscope (SEM),transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results show that there are 30-50 μm thick nanolayers on the surface of titanium alloy after SFPB treatment,and the size of nanocrystalline is about 5-15 nm.The fatigue performance is improved obviously and the fatigue life is increased about 8-10 times under the same stress level,the fatigue striation width becomes narrow,and the multiple of fatigue life increases gradually with the decrease of loading level.The fatigue fracture surface before and after SFPB treatment consists of the fatigue source zone,the crack propagation zone and the instantaneous fracture zone,but the fatigue source after SFPB treatment moves from the surface layer before treatment to the subsurface.After fatigue loading,the surface microstructure of SFPB treated specimens is still in nanometer scale,but there are a lot of deformation twins,dislocation tangles and a small amount of deformation-induced martensite in the subsurface microstructure.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes and the roles of COX-2 and its downstream factors in the carcinogenic process using a mouse model stably expressing hepatitis B virus X (HBx). Methods The expression of HBx in HBx-EGFP-14-19 cells was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. A mouse model with stable expression of HBx was then established by injecting HBx-EGFP-14-19 cells into KM mice via hepatic portal vein. The mice were subsequently sacrificed at 30, 90, 180 and 360 d, respectively, and the liver tissues were collected. Western blotting, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical assay were used to detect the expression of HBx in the liver; HE staining was adopted to observe the pathological characteristics of liver tissues. In addition, Western blotting and RT-qPCR were also employed to determine the expression changes of COX-2 and its downstream factors, cell cycle- and apoptosis-related factors in the liver tissues, at both mRNA and protein levels. Results The animal model with long-term stable expression of HBx was successfully constructed and eventually developed into liver cancer. The mRNA and protein levels of COX-2 and its downstream factor VEGF were continuously up-regulated even in 90 d after HBx was transferred into mice and the increment was continued until tumorigenesis (P < 0.05). The protein and mRNA levels of liver pro-apoptotic factors Bad and Bax were decreased (P < 0.05), while those of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were increased (P < 0.05), and the levels of cell cycle factors Cyclin D1 and CDK4 were increased (P < 0.05). However, the effects of HBx on the above genes were reversed after administration of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Conclusion HBx can cause liver cancer, which may be related to the up-regulation of COX-2 and its downstream factors

Objective To construct a normal immune mouse model carrying hepatitis B virus X (HBx) for long term so as to explore the possible mechanism of HBx causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Hepatic progenitor cells transfected with HBx were injected into Kunming mice via hepatic portal vein to construct the animal model. The liver tissues were harvested at 30, 90, 180 and 360 d after injection, respectively. The expression of HBx as well as that of Notch1, Notch4 and Hes1 at protein and mRNA levels was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively, and the histopathological changes were observed by HE staining. In addition, a novel γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, was intraperitoneally injected at 180 d, and then Western blotting and RT-qPCR were adopted to determine the changes in the expression of apoptosis and cell-cycle-related factors. Results The animal model was successfully constructed, and liver cancer occurred at 360 d. Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein levels of Notch1, Notch4 and Hes1 were all significantly increased in the HBx group at 30 d (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.001), and continued to 360 d (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the protein and mRNA levels of Bcl-2, CDK4, CyclinE and CyclinD1 were also up-regulated (protein: P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.01; mRNA: P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01), while those of Bax down-regulated in the HBx group (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). However, the inhibitor DAPT significantly reversed the above trends. Conclusion HBx causes anti-apoptosis and abnormal cell cycle changes in mice through persistent activation of the Notch pathway, and then ultimately leads to HCC.

【Background and Objective】 Magnetizing the water prior to irrigation is a new technology developed over the past decades in China. The objective of this paper is to investigate how different irrigation water sources alter the effects of the magnetization on photosynthesis, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as the yield of lettuce. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse with the Italian lettuce taken as the model plant. It consisted of non-magnetization (M0) and magnetization (M1); added to these are three irrigation water sources: fresh water (T1), reclaimed water (T2) and saline water (T3). Overall, there were six treatments which were arranged in the greenhouse by a randomized block design. For each treatment, we measured the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, mineral element, yield and water use efficiency of the lettuce. 【Result】 Effects of the three water sources after magnetization on crop growth were different. For a given water source, there was no significant difference in the net photosynthetic rate between magnetization and non-magnetization in the early and late growth stage, but in the middle growth stage the magnetized fresh water and the reclaimed water increased the net photosynthetic rate of the crop by 11.16% and 14.73%, respectively. Saline water irrigation reduced the net photosynthetic rate at significant level, and there was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate between the fresh water and reclaimed water irrigation. Magnetizing the fresh water, reclaimed and saline water increased the transpiration rate, despite not at significant, but they significantly boosted the activities of SOD by 18.08%, 12.77% and 14.68% respectively, the activities of POD by 20.97%, 18.14% and 16.99% respectively, and the activities of CAT by 22.54%, 23.09% and 18.55% respectively. In the meantime, magnetizing the fresh water and the reclaimed water increased the total nitrogen in the lettuce leaves by 7.71% and 6.83%, respectively. Magnetization also altered the content of P, Ca, Mg, Na and K in the leaves, with the alterations varying with water sources. For yield, magnetizing the fresh and the reclaimed water increased the yield by 9.42% and 10.15% at significant level, respectively, magnetizing the saline water did not lead to a noticeable change in the yield. M1T1 was most effective in improving yield and the above-ground dry mass, whereas M0T3 was the least effective. Compared with M0T3, M1T1 increased the yield and the above-ground dry mass by 33.44% and 31.29%, respectively. Depending on water sources, magnetization could also increase water use efficiency by 5.03%~11.65%. 【Conclusion】 Magnetizing the water in irrigating lettuce was beneficial to its physiological and biochemical activities such as photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby increasing yield and water use efficiency. But the improvement depends on water sources. In our study, magnetizing the fresh water and the reclaimed water was more effective than the saline water.

Water inrush of collapse column in the coal seam floor in the karst area is a frequent hydrogeological disaster, and it is becoming one of the significant hidden dangers threatening the safety of coal mine production in China. Based on the self-developed variable mass seepage test system of broken rock mass, different Talbot gradation seepage tests are carried out in the laboratory. A three-flow field coupled nonlinear seepage model is established based on the variable mass seepage theory and fluid mechanics theory of fractured rock mass. The three flow fields are Darcy laminar flow in the aquifer, variable mass seepage in the collapse column, and Navier-Stokes turbulent flow in the roadway. Combined with a project, a numerical calculation model is established to study the water-conducting channel’s formation process and the fluid flow pattern change. The research achievements indicate that the pore pressure gradient and seepage velocity are both 95% fit with the Forchheimer equation, and the seepage of the broken rock mass conforms to the Forchheimer equation. The seepage and migration of particles caused changes in pressure and flow rate, the pressure at the boundary between the aquifer and the collapse column decreased by 0.26 MPa, and the flow rate increased from 0.01 mm/s to 0.064 mm/s. The formation of the water-conducting channel can be divided into two stages, the seepage channel stage and the water-conducting channel stage. The initial fractures continue to develop with the seepage and migration of particles until the water-conducting channel is formed. At the bottom of the collapse column, the Forchheimer number increases from 0.72 to more than 1, and the flow changes from laminar flow to nonlinear seepage. The Forchheimer number at the center of the collapse column fluctuates between 7.5 and 55 at the top of the collapse column. The research results can be treated as an essential basis and reference for the water inrush control of the collapse column and the reasonable prediction of the water inrush amount.

To analyze the focal characteristics of cylindrically polarized beams, a visual analysis method is proposed. As known, the focal field can be described by three mutually perpendicular components, each one is the total contribution of all parts of the incident beams. For each component of all contributing parts weapply path integral method, then from the path integral curves extract focal field properties immediately, such as polarization state or intensity distribution. The analysis process of PI is visual and more understandable, and has more powerful information extraction function, which is also helpful for the design of special filtering pupil.

Ultraviolet-visible and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of pH, solvent and temperature on the tautomeric equilibrium of selaginellins from Selaginella. The results demonstrated that the tautomerism of selaginellins could be catalyzed by acid, base and protic solvent. Variable-temperature 1H NMR experiments demonstrated that the tautomerism was interrupted when the temperature fell below 233 K.

Fe-Cr-Ni alloys are widely applied to aero-engine, industrial gas turbine and other equipment because of their high temperature strength and toughness and creep resistance. Four kinds of porous MgO reinforced Fe-Cr-Ni matrix composites, which are nano-MgO (34.9%)/Fe-Cr-Ni (mass fraction, the same below), micro-MgO (34.9%)/Fe-Cr-Ni, micro-MgO (25.7%)/Fe-Cr-Ni, micro-MgO (17.0%)/Fe-Cr-Ni, were prepared by powder sintering and in situ synthesis method. Effect of the particle sizes and content of MgO on bending strength at room or high temperature and oxidation resistance of porous metal matrix composites at high temperature were investigated by XRD, DTA and SEM. The results show that different raw materials lead to the different enthalpy, resulting in the different porosities and phase compositions for the sintered samples. The porous composites consist of Cr0.7Fe0.36Ni2.9, Cr-Fe and MgO phases generally. The bending strength of these porous composites decreases with the increase of the temperature. The high temperature oxidation resistance of nano-MgO (34.9%)/Fe-Cr-Ni composites is the best of the four kinds of porous composites.

In the environment of the Internet, we should seize the opportunity and use the value to create a business model to promote the service transformation of the manufacturing enterprises. As an excellent local enterprise, Haier's innovation of management and service - based value creation process provide a reference for the related theoretical research and the service practice of manufacturing industry. Based on the grounded theory and Natural Language Processing technology, the multi factor analysis of service strategy, stakeholder, enterprise culture, management mechanism, organizational change, financial accounting and so on, and the construction of the Haier manufacturing service value co creation model, and on this basis, the multiple factors are analyzed by the qualitative comparison analysis (QCA). It is found that Manufacturing Service Value Co-creation has indeed improved business performance in Haier. There are two paths to generate high performance, which provides a basis for decision-making and transformation of business management. Firstly, the coordinated development and value co-creation of the three key stakeholders of shareholders, users and employees can achieve high performance and value-added. Secondly, while the shareholders are not fully guaranteed to achieve high returns, employees and users co-created based on a good corporate governance and organizational management mechanism can also achieve high performance.

Objective To develop a measurement software of lung compression degree to calculate the lung compression ratio in pneumothorax patients accurately and quickly, and then provide an objective assessment of damage degree in forensic clinical identification. Methods A volume calculation software was established according to the working principle of the CT instrument. CT data of 15 pneumothorax patients were selected as research objects. The lung compression ratio of pneumothorax patient was calculated by the lung compression volume calculation software of the CT instrument. Meanwhile, the lung compression ratio was also calculated by the developed volume calculation software. The lung compression ratio and operation time calculated by the two methods were analyzed statistically. Scatter plot graphs were draw based on related data, and the developed volume calculation software was verified. Results The difference between the lung compression ratios calculated by the two methods was not statistically significant, but showed a linear correlation （P

CeCl3 solution was used as a precursor to prepare CeO2 microspheres by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). This is a green process that allows the transformation from CeCl3 to CeO2 without consuming any precipitant. The prepared material was investigated through various analysis technologies, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2 adsorption-desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared sample was confirmed as high purity CeO2 microspheres, and two different microstructures were observed. The microsphere surface area was 86.5 m2/g according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The microsphere diameter ranged from 0.09 μm to 3.86 μm and the microsphere surface was covered by numerous nanoparticles. The observed nanoparticles ranged in size from 19 nm to 200 nm as determined from FESEM and HRTEM images. The concentrations of Ce4+, Ce3+, residual chloride and oxygen vacancy in CeO2 were studied by relative sensitivity factors based on the XPS results. Finally, the data suggested the possible formation mechanism of the CeO2 microsphere structure.

The test technology of hydraulic simulation loading and hydraulic power recovery are used to design an energy saving test system for mine pump and motor,and the dynamic load characteristics of the test system are analyzed and simulated in AMESim.Research results show that:The test system can be loaded dynamically and has significant efficiency of energy recovery.In dynamic loading process,the transient displacement matching of hydraulic pump and feedback motor is the main factor of strong oscillation of the system,properly adjusting the response time of the feedback motor displacement can significantly reduce the system oscillation.The motor controlled by servo valve has dual functions of driving and braking,which can improve the speed stiffness of the pump and motor transmission shaft.Due to mine hydraulic pump and motor have larger power density and worse working condition,the application of dynamic loading and energy recovery technology is closer to industrial production practice,so the research has practical value.

The performance of combustion of ventilation air methane (VAM) over transition metal oxide oxygen carriers was studied through experiments with using tube reactors. The results show that the activity of activated oxygen carriers in converting CH4 to CO2 is as follows:CuO60/γ-Al2O3 > NiO60/γ-Al2O3 > Fe2O360/γ-Al2O3. CH4 conversion based on CuO60/γ-Al2O3 decreases with increasing gas hourly space velocity, but increases with increasing bed temperature and CuO loading. The lower the initial CH4 concentration of ventilation air methane, the lower is the temperature for the CH4 conversion of 90%. There are catalytic combustion mechanisms and chemical-looping combustion mechanisms for CH4 combustion over both CuO60/γ-Al2O3, for which dispersion of the active component is low but loading is high, and CuO5.5/γ-Al2O3, for which dispersion of the active component is high but loading is low. There exists a maximum for CH 4 conversion based on the catalytic combustion mechanism at some temperatures, and when the bed temperature is higher than this temperature, the contribution of chemical-looping combustion is greater than that of catalytic combustion. The initial activity of CuO5.5/γ-Al2O3 is higher than that of CuO60/γ-Al2O3, while the stability of CuO60/γ-Al2O3 activity is better than that of CuO5.5/γ-Al2O3 activity under the same conditions.

Pulsating heat pipe(PHP) has many advantages, such as small volume, simple structure, low cost, good heat transfer performance, it have great potential in the application of refrigeration, aerospace, waste heat recovery and low - grade energy utilization. Based on the analysis of a large number of research results at home and abroad, the application status of pulsating heat pipe technology is summarized in this paper, which can provide scientific guidance for the design, operation and large-scale application of pulsating heat pipe.

One of the unique characteristics of a ground target is its micro-motion, which can be used for target classification and identification. In this study, methods for vibrating ground target detection and feature extraction of the one-stationary bistatic frequency-modulated continuous-wave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are studied. The Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) technique is adopted to suppress the ground clutter, allowing the ground-vibrating targets to be detected. Analysis of the received signal indicates that the DPCA processing results in a slow time-varying envelope, known as the Slow Time Envelope (STE). The STE has a direct effect on the micro-Doppler time-frequency curve, which therefore cannot be obtained unbroken. Furthermore, vibrating features are extracted by utilizing their relationship with the STE term. Finally, some simulations are provided to validate the theoretical derivation and effectiveness of the proposed extraction method.

The electromagnetic environment of UAV system was studied, and three key elements of electromagnetic interference(EMI) are analyzed. The research status of electromagnetic characteristics of UAV system at home and abroad was summarized from numerical simulation of EMI, experimental test of EMI and design of electromagnetic compatibility(EMC). The main contents include the research on electromagnetic characteristics of airborne antenna, EMI of data link and its mechanism, electromagnetic characteristics of internal cables, electromagnetic radiation test, electromagnetic conduction test, system-level EMC design, etc. The key technical challenges faced by the research on EMC of unmanned aerial vehicles at home and abroad are pointed out.

To improve the estimation accuracy of the error covariance matrix in Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). With the passive radar target tracking model, a novel Mixed Kalman Filter (MKF) is proposed, Firstly, the UKF is used to conduct a posteriori estimate for target state, and then re-establish a measurement equation, the posteriori estimated value of state by UKF is transformed into a measured value of the new measurement equation, and through linear Kalman Filter the state is best estimated secondly, improving the precision of target state estimation. Experimental results indicate that MKF algorithm significantly improves the performance of passive radar target tracking, compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and UKF.

In this review, we outline recent advancements in small molecule drug design from a structural perspective. We compare protein structure prediction methods and explore the role of the ligand binding pocket in structure-based drug design. We examine various structural features used to optimize drug candidates, including functional groups, stereochemistry, and molecular weight. Computational tools such as molecular docking and virtual screening are discussed for predicting and optimizing drug candidate structures. We present examples of drug candidates designed based on their molecular structure and discuss future directions in the field. By effectively integrating structural information with other valuable data sources, we can improve the drug discovery process, leading to the identification of novel therapeutics with improved efficacy, specificity, and safety profiles.