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This paper deals with the topological entropy for hom Markov shifts $\mathcal{T}_M$ on $d$-tree. If $M$ is a reducible adjacency matrix with $q$ irreducible components $M_1, \cdots, M_q$, we show that $h(\mathcal{T}_{M})=\max_{1\leq i\leq q}h(\mathcal{T}_{M_{i}})$ fails generally, and present a case study with full characterization in terms of the equality. Though that it is likely the sets $\{h(\mathcal{T}_{M}):M\text{ is binary and irreducible}\}$ and $\{h(\mathcal{T}_{X}):X\text{ is a one-sided shift}\}$ are not coincident, we show the two sets share the common closure. Despite the fact that such closure is proved to contain the interval $[d \log 2, \infty)$, numerical experiments suggest its complement contain open intervals.

Distinctive superconducting behaviors between bulk and monolayer FeSe make it challenging to obtain a unified picture of all FeSe-based superconductors. We investigate the ultrafast quasiparticle (QP) dynamics of an intercalated superconductor (Li1-xFex)OHFe1-ySe, which is a bulk crystal but shares a similar electronic structure with single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3. We obtain the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) constant {\lambda}A1g (0.22 +/- 0.04), which well bridges that of bulk FeSe crystal and single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3. Moreover, we find that such a positive correlation between {\lambda}A1g and superconducting Tc holds among all known FeSe-based superconductors, even in line with reported FeAs-based superconductors. Our observation indicates possible universal role of EPC in the superconductivity of all known categories of iron-based superconductors, which is a critical step towards achieving a unified superconducting mechanism for all iron-based superconductors.

The similarities to cuprates make iridates an interesting potential platform for investigating superconductivity. Equally attractive are their puzzling complex intrinsic interactions. Here, we report an ultrafast optical spectroscopy investigation of a coherent phonon mode in Sr3Ir2O7, a bilayer Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite iridate. An anomaly in the A1g optical phonon ({\nu} = 4.4 THz) is unambiguously observed below the N\'eel temperature (TN), which we attribute to pseudospin-lattice coupling (PLC). Significantly, we find that PLC is the dominant interaction at low temperature, and we directly measure the PLC coefficient to be {\lambda} = 150 +/- 20 cm-1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that in manganites (< 2.4 cm-1) and comparable to that in CuO (50 cm-1, the strongest PLC or spin-lattice coupling (SLC) previously known). Moreover, we find that the strong PLC induces an anisotropic negative thermal expansion. Our findings highlight the key role of PLC in iridates and uncovers another intriguing similarity to cuprates.

The recent observation of high-temperature superconductivity in one unit cell thick FeSe on SrTiO3 (1UC FeSe/STO)1 initiated a new pathway to realizing even higher transition temperature (Tc) superconductors and established a promising different paradigm to understand the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity2-10. However, independent confirmation on the high Tc value, the role of capping layer in reducing Tc, and the underlying mechanism of the novel superconductivity remain open questions11. Here we report a time-resolved study of the excited state ultrafast dynamics of 1UC FeSe/STO protected by 2UC FeTe capping layer, and identify the superconducting Tc to be 68 (-5/+2) K. We found a coherent acoustic phonon mode in the capping layer, which provides an additional decay channel to the gluing bosons and explains the reduced Tc value. Our investigation supports the phonon pairing scenario.

We utilized the new high-order (250-378 mode) Magellan Adaptive Optics system (MagAO) to obtain very high spatial resolution observations in "visible light" with MagAO's VisAO CCD camera. In the good-median seeing conditions of Magellan (0.5-0.7") we find MagAO delivers individual short exposure images as good as 19 mas optical resolution. Due to telescope vibrations, long exposure (60s) r' (0.63 micron) images are slightly coarser at FWHM=23-29 mas (Strehl ~28%) with bright (R<9 mag) guide stars. These are the highest resolution filled-aperture images published to date. Images of the young (~1 Myr) Orion Trapezium Theta 1 Ori A, B, and C cluster members were obtained with VisAO. In particular, the 32 mas binary Theta 1 Ori C1/C2 was easily resolved in non-interferometric images for the first time. Relative positions of the bright trapezium binary stars were measured with ~0.6-5 mas accuracy. We now are sensitive to relative proper motions of just ~0.2 mas/yr (~0.4 km/s at 414 pc) - this is a ~2-10x improvement in orbital velocity accuracy compared to previous efforts. For the first time, we see clear motion of the barycenter of Theta 1 Ori B2/B3 about Theta 1 Ori B1. All five members of the Theta 1 Ori B system appear likely a gravitationally bound "mini-cluster", but we find that not all the orbits can be both circular and co-planar. The lowest mass member of the Theta 1 Ori B system (B4; mass ~0.2 Msun) has a very clearly detected motion (at 4.1+/-1.3 km/s; correlation=99.9%) w.r.t B1 and will likely be ejected in the future. This "ejection" process of the lowest mass member of a "mini-cluster" could play a major role in the formation of low mass stars and brown dwarfs.(slightly abridged abstract), Comment: 35 pages, 17 figures, to appear in the Sept. 10, 2013 issue of ApJ

We utilize the new Magellan adaptive optics system (MagAO) to image the binary proplyd LV 1 in the Orion Trapezium at H alpha. This is among the first AO results in visible wavelengths. The H alpha image clearly shows the ionization fronts, the interproplyd shell, and the cometary tails. Our astrometric measurements find no significant relative motion between components over ~18 yr, implying that LV 1 is a low-mass system. We also analyze Large Binocular Telescope AO observations, and find a point source which may be the embedded protostar's photosphere in the continuum. Converting the H magnitudes to mass, we show that the LV 1 binary may consist of one very-low-mass star with a likely brown dwarf secondary, or even plausibly a double brown dwarf. Finally, the magnetopause of the minor proplyd is estimated to have a radius of 110 AU, consistent with the location of the bow shock seen in H alpha., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Published in Astrophysical Journal

We report the detection and successful modeling of the unusual 9.7\mum Si--O stretching silicate emission feature in the type 1 (i.e. face-on) LINER nucleus of M81. Using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) instrument on Spitzer, we determine the feature in the central 230 pc of M81 to be in strong emission, with a peak at ~10.5\mum. This feature is strikingly different in character from the absorption feature of the galactic interstellar medium, and from the silicate absorption or weak emission features typical of galaxies with active star formation. We successfully model the high signal-to-noise ratio IRS spectra with porous silicate dust using laboratory-acquired mineral spectra. We find that the most probable fit uses micron-sized, porous grains of amorphous silicate and graphite. In addition to silicate dust, there is weak PAH emission present (particularly at 11.3\mum, arising from the C--H out-of-plane bending vibration of relatively large PAHs of ~500--1000 C atoms) whose character reflects the low-excitation AGN environment, with some evidence that small PAHs of ~100--200 C atoms (responsible for the 7.7\mum C--C stretching band) in the immediate vicinity of the nucleus have been preferentially destroyed. (abstract continues), Comment: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal; 37 pages, 2 tables, and 11 figures

This physics book provides detailed discussions on important topics in $\tau$-charm physics that will be explored during the next few years at \bes3 . Both theoretical and experimental issues are covered, including extensive reviews of recent theoretical developments and experimental techniques. Among the subjects covered are: innovations in Partial Wave Analysis (PWA), theoretical and experimental techniques for Dalitz-plot analyses, analysis tools to extract absolute branching fractions and measurements of decay constants, form factors, and CP-violation and \DzDzb-oscillation parameters. Programs of QCD studies and near-threshold tau-lepton physics measurements are also discussed., Comment: Edited by Kuang-Ta Chao and Yi-Fang Wang

We calculate all the branching ratios and direct CP violations of $B \to PV$ decays in a most general two-Higgs-doublet model with spontaneous CP violation. As the model has rich CP-violating sources, it is shown that the new physics effects to direct CP violations and branching ratios in some channels can be significant when adopting the generalized factorization approach to evaluate the hadronic matrix elements, which provides good signals for probing new physics beyond the SM in the future B experiments., Comment: 21 pages

In the heavy quark effective field theory of QCD, we analyze the order 1/m_Q contributions to heavy to light vector decays. Light cone sum rule method is applied with including the effects of 1/m_Q order corrections. We then extract |V_{ub}| from B -> rho l nu decay up to order of 1/m_Q corrections., Comment: 10 pages, revtex, 8 figures

In a mini workshop on B Physics which were held at Dalian, China, a number of lectures was given. Around 40 participants joined the workshop. In this workshop, people discussed the heavy quark effective field theory, light cone QCD sum rules and light cone wave functions. Much discussion was devoted to the currently popular QCD factorization and perturbative QCD approaches in the hadronic B decays. The physics of CP violation and physics beyond standard model were also discussed., Comment: 20 pages, revtex, including 5 figure

The lifetime differences of bottom hadrons are known to be properly explained within the framework of heavy quark effective field theory(HQEFT) of QCD via the inverse expansion of the dressed heavy quark mass. In general, the spectrum around the endpoint region is not well behaved due to the invalidity of $1/m_Q$ expansion near the endpoint. The curve fitting method is adopted to treat the endpoint behavior. It turns out that the endpoint effects are truly small and the explanation on the lifetime differences in the HQEFT of QCD is then well justified. The inclusion of the endpoint effects makes the prediction on the lifetime differences and the extraction on the CKM matrix element $|V_{cb}|$ more reliable., Comment: 11 pages, Revtex, 10 figures, 6 tables, published version

The more precise extraction for the CKM matrix element |V_{cb}| in the heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) of QCD is studied from both exclusive and inclusive semileptonic B decays. The values of relevant nonperturbative parameters up to order 1/m^2_Q are estimated consistently in HQEFT of QCD. Using the most recent experimental data for B decay rates, |V_{cb}| is updated to be |V_{cb}| = 0.0395 \pm 0.0011_{exp} \pm 0.0019_{th} from B\to D^{\ast} l \nu decay and |V_{cb}| = 0.0434 \pm 0.0041_{exp} \pm 0.0020_{th} from B\to D l \nu decay as well as |V_{cb}| = 0.0394 \pm 0.0010_{exp} \pm 0.0014_{th} from inclusive B\to X_c l \nu decay., Comment: 7 pages, revtex, 4 figures

Contributions to B\to \pi l \nu decay from 1/m_Q order corrections are analyzed in the heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) of QCD. Transition wave functions of 1/m_Q order are calculated through light cone sum rule (LCSR) within the HQEFT framework. The results are compared with those from other approaches., Comment: 12 pages, revtex, 5 figures

Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) cluster surveys are anticipated to yield tight constraints on cosmological parameters such as the equation of state of dark energy. In this paper, we study the impact of relativistic corrections of the thermal SZE on the cluster number counts expected from a cosmological model and thus, assuming that other cosmological parameters are known to high accuracies, on the determination of the $w$ parameter and $\sigma_8$ from a SZE cluster survey, where $w=p/\rho$ with $p$ the pressure and $\rho$ the density of dark energy, and $\sigma_8$ is the rms of the extrapolated linear density fluctuation smoothed over $8\hbox{Mpc}h^{-1}$. For the purpose of illustrating the effects of relativistic corrections, our analyses mainly focus on $\nu=353 \hbox{GHz}$ and $S_{lim}=30\hbox{mJy}$, where $\nu$ and $S_{lim}$ are the observing frequency and the flux limit of a survey, respectively. These observing parameters are relevant to the {\it Planck} survey. It is found that from two measurable quantities, the total number of SZE clusters and the number of clusters with redshift $z\ge 0.5$, $\sigma_8$ and $w$ can be determined to a level of $\pm 1%$ and $\pm 8%$, respectively, with $1\sigma$ uncertainties from a survey of $10000\hbox{deg}^2$. Relativistic effects are important in determining the central values of $\sigma_8$ and $w$. If we choose the two quantities calculated relativistically from the flat cosmological model with $\sigma_8=0.8284$ and $w=-0.75$ as input, the derived $\sigma_8$ and $w$ would be 0.819 and -0.81, respectively, if relativistic effects are wrongly neglected. The location of the resulting $\sigma_8$ and $w$ in the $\sigma_8-w$ plane is outside the $3\sigma$ region around the real central $\sigma_8$ and $w$., Comment: ApJ in press

The Heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) is revisited in a more intuitive way. It is shown that HQEFT is a consistent large component QCD of heavy quarks. In the non-relativistic limit, HQEFT recovers the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD). The resulting new effects in the HQEFT of QCD are carefully reexamined. It is then natural to come to the comments on the usual heavy quark effective theory (HQET). Consistent phenomenological applications of HQEFT exhibit its interesting features and completeness in comparison with HQET. It then becomes manifest why we shall base on the HQEFT of QCD rather than HQET which is an incomplete one for computing 1/m_Q corrections. More precise extraction for |V_{cb}| and |V_{ub}| in the HQEFT of QCD is emphasized., Comment: 11 pages, revtex, published version

B meson rare decays ($B\to K(K^{*})l\bar l$ and $B\to K^*\gamma$) are analyzed in the framework of effective field theory of heavy quarks. The semileptonic and penguin type form factors for these decays are calculated by using the light cone sum rules method at the leading order of $1/m_Q$ expansion. Four exact relations between the two types of form factors are obtained at the leading order of $1/m_Q$ expansion. Of particular, the relations are found to hold for whole momentum transfer region. We also investigate the validity of the relations resulted from the large energy effective theory based on the general relations obtained in the present approach. The branching ratios of the rare decays are presented and their potential importance for extracting the CKM matrix elements and probing new physics is emphasized., Comment: 23 pages, Revtex, 32 figures, published version with the errors of numerical results caused by the computer program are corrected

We present a general study on exclusive semileptonic decays of heavy (B, D, B_s) to light (pi, rho, K, K^*) mesons in the framework of effective field theory of heavy quark. Transition matrix elements of these decays can be systematically characterized by a set of wave functions which are independent of the heavy quark mass except for the implicit scale dependence. Form factors for all these decays are calculated consistently within the effective theory framework using the light cone sum rule method at the leading order of 1/m_Q expansion. The branching ratios of these decays are evaluated, and the heavy and light flavor symmetry breaking effects are investigated. We also give comparison of our results and the predictions from other approaches, among which are the relations proposed recently in the framework of large energy effective theory., Comment: 18 pages, ReVtex, 5 figures, added references and comparison of results, and corrected signs in some formulae

A new framework of heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) is studied and compared with the usual heavy quark effective theory (HQET). $|V_{ub}|$, $|V_{cb}|$ and heavy meson decay constants are extracted in the new framework. HQEFT can yield reasonable results for both exclusive and inclusive decays., Comment: 8 pages, uses sprocl.sty, to be published in the proceedings of ICFP2001

A systematic investigation on muon anomalous magnetic moment and related lepton flavor-violating process such as $\m\to e\g$, $\t\to e\g$ and $\t\to \m\g$ is made at two loop level in the models with flavor-changing scalar interactions. The two loop diagrams with double scalar exchanges are studied and their contributions are found to be compatible with the ones from Barr-Zee diagram. By comparing with the latest data, the allowed ranges for the relevant Yukawa couplings $Y_{ij}$ in lepton sector are obtained. The results show a hierarchical structure of $Y_{\m e, \t e} \ll Y_{\m \t} \simeq Y_{\m\m}$ in the physical basis if $\Delta a_{\mu}$ is found to be $>50\times 10^{-11}$. It deviates from the widely used ansatz in which the off diagonal elements are proportional to the square root of the products of related fermion masses. An alternative Yukawa coupling matrix in the lepton sector is suggested to understand the current data. With such a reasonable Yukawa coupling ansatz, the decay rate of $\t\to \m\g$ is found to be near the current experiment upper bound., Comment: 15 pages, Revtex, 9 figures, published version in EPJC

B --> rho l nu decay is analyzed in the effective theory of heavy quark with infinite mass limit. The matrix element relevant to the heavy to light vector meson semileptonic decays is parametrized by a set of four heavy flavor-spin independent universal wave functions at the leading order of effective theory. The form factors are calculated at the leading 1/m_Q order using the light cone sum rule method in the framework of effective theory. |V_{ub}| is then extracted via B --> rho l nu decay mode., Comment: 10 pages, ReVtex, 2 figures, corrected signs in some formulae

CP violation, fermion masses and mixing angles including that of neutrinos are studied in an SUSY SO(10)$\times \Delta (48)\times$ U(1) model. The nonabelian SU(3) discrete family symmetry $\Delta(48)$ associated with a simple scheme of U(1) charge assignment on various fields concerned in superpotential leads to unique Yukawa coupling matrices with zero textures. Thirteen parameters involving masses and mixing angles in the quark and charged lepton sector are successfully predicted by only four parameters. The masses and mixing angles for the neutrino sector could also be predicted by constructing an appropriate heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrix without involving new parameters. It is found that the atmospheric neutrino deficit, the mass limit put by hot dark matter and the LSND $\bar{\nu}_{\mu} \to \bar{\nu}_{e}$ events may simultaneously be explained, but solar neutrino puzzle can be solved only by introducing a sterile neutrino. An additional parameter is added to obtain the mass and mixing of the sterile neutrino. The hadronic parameters $B_{K}$ and $f_{B}\sqrt{B}$ are extracted from the observed $K^{0}$-$\bar{K}^{0}$ and $B^{0}$-$\bar{B}^{0}$ mixings respectively. The direct CP violation ($\epsilon'/\epsilon$) in kaon decays and the three angles $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ of the unitarity triangle in the CKM matrix are also presented. More precise measurements of $\alpha_{s}(M_{Z})$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$, $m_{t}$, as well as various CP violation and neutrino oscillation experiments will provide an important test for the present model and guide us to a more fundamental theory., Comment: RevTex, a footnote and references added, contributed paper published in the Proceedings: ``Symposium on Frontiers of Physics at Millennium'', 8-11 Oct. 1999, Beijing, (World Scientific Publishing Company), Editors: Yue-Liang Wu and Jong-Ping Hsu

Exclusive semileptonic B decays into excited charmed mesons ($D_1$, $D^*_2$) are studied up to the order of $1/m_Q$ in the framework of the heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT), which contains the contributions of both particles and antiparticles. Two wave functions $\eta^b_0$ and $\eta^c_0$, which characterize the contributions from the kinematic operator at the order of $1/m_Q$, are calculated by using QCD sum rule approach in HQEFT. Zero recoil values of other two wave functions $\kappa'_1$ and $\kappa'_2$ are extracted from the excited charmed-meson masses. Possible effects from the spin-dependent transition wave functions which arise from the magnetic operators at the order of $1/m_Q$ are analyzed. It is shown that the experimental measurements for the branching ratios of $B \to D_1 l\nu$ and $B \to D^*_2 l\nu$ can be understood in the framework of HQEFT., Comment: 27 pages, RevTex, 4 figures, 3 tables, to be published in IJMPA

We study constraints on the CP violating phase $\gamma$ in the Kobayashi-Maskawa model using available experimental data. We first follow the conventional method to up date the constraint on $\gamma$ by performing a $\chi^2$ analysis using data from $|\epsilon_K|$, $\Delta m_{B_{d,s}}$ and $|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$. We also include the recent information on $\sin2\beta$ in the analysis. We obtain the best fit for $\gamma$ to be $66^\circ$ and the 95% C.L. allowed range to be $42^\circ \sim 87^\circ$. We then develop a method to carry out a $\chi^2$ analysis based on SU(3) symmetry using data from $B\to \pi \pi$ and $B\to K \pi$. We also discuss SU(3) breaking effects from model estimate. We find that present data on $B\to \pi\pi, K \pi$ can also give some constraint on $\gamma$ although weaker than the earlier method limited by the present experimental errors. Future improved data will provide more stringent constraint. Finally we perform a combined fit using data from $|\epsilon_K|$, $\Delta m_{B_{d,s}}$, $|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$, $\sin2\beta$ and rare charmless hadronic B decays. The combined analysis gives $\gamma=67^\circ$ for the best fit value and $43^\circ \sim 87^\circ$ as the 95% C.L. allowed range. Several comments on other methods to determine $\gamma$ based on SU(3) symmetry are also provided., Comment: Revised verion with the new experimental data from Belle and Babar included in the analysis to obtain the global fit for the CP violating phase gamma. RevTex, 32 pages and 8 figures

Within the complete heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT), the QCD sum rule approach is used to evaluate the decay constants including 1/m_Q corrections and the Isgur-Wise function and other additional important wave functions concerned at 1/m_Q for the heavy-light mesons. The 1/m_Q corrections to the scaling law f_M \sim F/\sqrt{m_M} are found to be small in HQEFT, which demonstrates again the validity of 1/m_Q expansion in HQEFT. It is also shown that the residual momentum v.k of heavy quark within hadrons does be around the binding energy \bar{\Lambda} of the heavy hadrons. The calculations presented in this paper provide a consistent check on the HQEFT and shows that the HQEFT is more reliable than the usual HQET for describing a slightly off-mass shell heavy quark within hadron as the usual HQET seems to lead to the breakdown of 1/m_Q expansion in evaluating the meson decay constants. It is emphasized that the introduction of the `dressed heavy quark' mass is useful for the heavy-light mesons (Qq) with m_Q >> \bar{\Lambda} >> m_q, while for heavy-heavy bound states (\psi_1\psi_2) with masses m_1, m_2 >> \bar{\Lambda}, like bottom-charm hadrons or similarly for muonium in QED, one needs to treat both particles as heavy effective particles via 1/m_1 and 1/m_2 expansions and redefine the effective bound states and modified `dressed heavy quark' masses within the HQEFT., Comment: 20 pages, revtex, 22 figures, axodraw.sty, two irrelevant figures are moved away

We present a general analysis on charmless B-meson decays $B\to \pi\pi$ and $\pi K$. It is noticed that the final state interactions and inelastic rescattering effects must be significant in order to understand the consistency of the current data. By using general isospin decompositions, the isospin amplitudes and the corresponding strong phases could be extracted from a global $\chi^2$ fit of the experimental data. We emphasize that in general there are two, rather than one, relative strong phases in the decomposition. In the assumption of two equalstrong phases as considered in the literature, the current data, especially the ones concerning $B\to \pi^0 K^{0(\pm)}$decays, will imply a large isospin amplitude $|a^c_{3/2}| > 40 $, which is larger by a factor of five than the one from the naive factorization estimation. When two different strong phases are considered, all the isospin amplitudes can become, within the $1\sigma$-level, comparable with the theoretical values. We also show that the difference between the two strong phases cannot be too large and will be restricted by the most recent upper bound of $B\to \pi^0\pi^0$ decay. In any case, the strong phases are found to be large and the branching ratio of $B\to \pi^0\pi^0$ is likely to be enhanced by an order of magnitude in comparison with the one obtained from the naive factorization approach. Direct CP violations in all decay modes are also calculated and found to be close to the sensitivity of the present experiments., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, Revtex, revised version to be published in PRD