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Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment for hematopoietic malignancies. Malnutrition is a common complication and negatively affects prognosis. Muscle mass has been shown to reflect the nutritional status of patients earlier than blood biochemical parameters such as albumin. However, the influence of pre-transplantation skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on the complications associated with early transplantation remains unclear. Objective To investigate the effect of pre-transplant SMM on the early outcomes of allo-HSCT, provide a clinical basis for nutritional interventions and prognosis improvement. Methods A study was conducted with 77 leukemia patients who underwent allo-HSCT at the Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University from January to October 2022. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess skeletal muscle mass. The patients were divided into the normal SMM group of 36 cases and low SMM group of 41 cases according to their SMM. Baseline data, including personal and clinical details, were collected. Early post-transplant complications (within 30 days post-transplant) such as oral mucositis, gastrointestinal symptoms, infection and hematopoietic reconstitution time between the two groups were compared using SPSS 23.0 software. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain/gastritis incidence between the normal and low SMM groups (P>0.05). The incidence of oral mucositis, hypoalbuminemia, overt gastrointestinal bleeding, and infection was lower in the normal SMM group than in the low SMM group (P

The high-speed and high-temperature gap leakage flow in the turbine blade tip clearance directly scours the tip of the rotor blade and generates a local high-temperature region, so the active and passive control of the gap leakage flow is very important. Based on the pressure sensitive paint (PSP) experiment, the effects of density ratio, blowing ratio, and clearance height on the film cooling characteristics of the squealer blade tip were studied. The results show that with the increase of the density ratio, the film-cooling effectiveness of the squealer blade tip gradually increases, especially in the large clearance height, and the average cooling effect of the blade tip is increased by 35%. The effect of tip clearance height and blowing ratio on the tip surface cooling effect is not single. Under the condition of small tip clearance, the tip surface film-cooling effectiveness increases with the increase of the blowing ratio. Under the condition of large tip clearance, the tip surface film-cooling effectiveness decreases first and then increases with the increase of blowing ratio. At the same time, when the blowing ratio is small, the increase in tip clearance height improves the tip trailing edge area and the film-cooling effectiveness around the holes, and the average cooling effect of the blade tip surface increases by 6.85 %.

In this study, we monitored changes in fruit hardness, cell wall-modifying enzyme activities such as polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME), pectin lyases (PL) and β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and physiochemical properties of three cell wall polysaccharides including water soluble polysaccharide (WSP), trans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA)-soluble polysaccharide (CSP) and Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharide (NSP) in ‘Yate’ kiwifruits during postharvest cold storage. Results showed that postharvest kiwifruits went through a ‘fast-slow’ softening process. PG activity showed a maximum value of 670.76 U/mg after 10 days of storage. PL and PME activities showed a maximum increase over the first five days of storage, reaching up to 3.41 and 9.17 U/mg, respectively. Particularly, β-Gal activity continuously increased during storage and showed a negative correlation with fruit hardness (r = −0.888). The pectin contents of WSP, CSP and NSP increased significantly with storage time. Moreover, the results of high performance gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the weight average molecular mass of WSP increased, that of CSP initially decreased and then increased, and that of NSP gradually decreased during storage. Furthermore, a decrease in the area and an increase in the lamellarity of WSP were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas CSP was found to be soft and muslin-like after 15 days of storage, and the cluster-like accumulation of NSP was gradually dispersed with more debris being observed. These results may provide a solid theoretical basis for elucidating the exact mechanism of kiwifruit softening.

IEEE standards of energy loss measurement method for overhead conductors suggest minimizing the influence of ferromagnetic substances on energy loss measurement of conductors and averting their interference in energy loss measurement of electric power fittings. Finite element simulation was used to estimate and by test verify the influence of through-flow capacities， external ferromagnetic substances and conductor spaces on energy loss measurement of electric power fittings. The results show that the external ferromagnetic substances can give rise to increase in the measured energy loss of electric power fittings； with the rise of conductor current， the ferromagnetic substances can pose a more significant influence on energy loss measurement of the fittings； during energy loss measurement test of line fittings， there should be no ferromagnetic substance within 500 millimeters of conductors. The research discovery helps mitigate the interference of ferromagnetic substances to energy loss measurement results of electric power fittings.

In the quest to enhance Zn–air batteries (ZABs) for operating across a wide spectrum of temperatures, synthesizing robust oxygen electrocatalysts is paramount. Conventional strategies focusing on orbital hybridization of d–d and p‐d aim to moderate the excessive interaction between the d‐band of the transition metal active site and oxygen intermediate, yet often yield suboptimal performance. Herein, an innovative s‐block metal modulation is reported to refine the electronic structure and catalytic behavior of Co─NC catalysts. Employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is revealed that incorporating Mg markedly depresses the d‐band center of Co sites, thereby fine‐tuning the adsorption energy of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) intermediate. Consequently, the Mg‐modified Co─NC catalyst (MgCo─NC) unveils remarkable intrinsic ORR activity with a significantly reduced activation energy (Ea) of 10.0 kJ mol−1, outstripping the performance of both Co─NC (17.6 kJ mol−1), benchmark Pt/C (15.9 kJ mol−1), and many recent reports. Moreover, ZABs outfitted with the finely tuned Mg0.1Co0.9─NC realize a formidable power density of 157.0 mW cm−2, paired with an extremely long cycle life of 1700 h, and an exceptionally minimal voltage gap decay rate of 0.006 mV h−1. Further, the Mg0.1Co0.9─NC‐based flexible ZAB presents a mere 2% specific capacity degradation when the temperature fluctuates from 25 to −20 °C, underscoring its robustness and suitability for practical deployment in diverse environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dwarfing is a pivotal agronomic trait affecting both yield and quality. Citrus species exhibit substantial variation in plant height, among which internode length is a core element. However, the molecular mechanism governing internode elongation remains unclear. Here, we unveiled that the transcriptional cascade consisting of B‐BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 22 (BBX22) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) finely tunes plant height and internode elongation in citrus. Loss‐of‐function mutations of BBX22 in an early‐flowering citrus (Citrus hindsii "SJG") promoted internode elongation and reduced pigment accumulation, whereas ectopic expression of BBX22 in SJG, sweet orange (C. sinensis), pomelo (C. maxima) or heterologous expression of BBX22 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) significantly decreased internode length. Furthermore, exogenous application of gibberellin A3 (GA3) rescued the shortened internode and dwarf phenotype caused by BBX22 overexpression. Additional experiments revealed that BBX22 played a dual role in regulation internode elongation and pigmentation in citrus. On the one hand, it directly bound to and activated the expression of HY5, GA metabolism gene (GA2 OXIDASE 8, GA2ox8), carotenoid biosynthesis gene (PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, PSY1) and anthocyanin regulatory gene (Ruby1, a MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN). On the other hand, it acted as a cofactor of HY5, enhancing the ability of HY5 to regulate target genes expression. Together, our results reveal the critical role of the transcriptional cascade consisting of BBX22 and HY5 in controlling internode elongation and pigment accumulation in citrus. Unraveling the crosstalk regulatory mechanism between internode elongation and fruit pigmentation provides key genes for breeding of novel types with both dwarf and health‐beneficial fortification in citrus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locus coeruleus (LC) dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of depression; however, the neural circuits and specific molecular mechanisms responsible for this dysfunction remain unclear. Here, it is shown that activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in the LC alleviates depression‐like behaviors in susceptible mice. The dorsolateral septum (dLS) is the most physiologically relevant output from the LC under stress. Stimulation of the LCTH‐dLSSST innervation with optogenetic and chemogenetic tools bidirectionally can regulate depression‐like behaviors in both male and female mice. Mechanistically, it is found that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but not norepinephrine, is required for the circuit to produce antidepressant‐like effects. Genetic overexpression of BDNF in the circuit or supplementation with BDNF protein in the dLS is sufficient to produce antidepressant‐like effects. Furthermore, viral knockdown of BDNF in this circuit abolishes the antidepressant‐like effect of ketamine, but not fluoxetine. Collectively, these findings underscore the notable antidepressant‐like role of the LCTH‐dLSSST pathway in depression via BDNF‐TrkB signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]