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Abstract Background Shift work, with its growing prevalence globally, disrupts the body's inherent circadian rhythm. This disruption may escalate the risk of chronic diseasesxacerbate chronic disease risk by dysregulating physiological, behavioral, and psychosocial pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shift work on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) level. Methods The current study employed a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique, examining 1499 oilfield workers from the OHSPIW cohort who participated in occupational health assessments between March 2017 and June 2018.The evaluation involved shift work, sleep quality, T2DM status with questionnaires and plasma RBP4 levels in blood samples. Statistical analysis includes, Chi-square tests, t-tests, multivariate logistic regression analyses, and multivariate linear mixed models. Results The prevalence rate of T2DM in shift workers (6.56%) was significantly higher than in day workers (4.21%) (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01–2.53), with no significant difference found in the family history of diabetes, hypertension, or other chronic heart diseases (P = 0.378). The shift worker (6.89 ± 3.35) also exhibited distinctly higher PSQI scores than day workers (5.99 ± 2.87) (P

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in intensive care unit survivors, and disorder’s correlation with analgesia use. Method: The single-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, China, and comprised data from February 2021 to January 2022 related to patients of either gender aged 18 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit and were successfully transferred out to the general ward. Post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-Civilian Version scale was used for follow-up within one month of getting transferred out of intensive care. Data was analysed using Empower Stats. Results: Of the 121 patients with mean age 54.34±18.19 years, 52(43percent) were positive for post-traumatic stress disorder; 32(61.5percent) males and 20(38.5percent) females with mean age 54.48 ± 19.56 years. The remaining 69(57percent) patients were negative; 40(58percent) males and 29(42percent) females with mean age 54.23±17.24 years (p 0.05). The positive rate of re-experiencing symptoms was noted in 68(56.20percent) patients. Analgesia usage was positive in 61(50.4percent) cases and negative in 60(49.6percent) cases. Compared to the non-analgesic group, the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder occurrence in the analgesic group was significantly high (p=0.018). The duration of analgesia usage 24-48h was also significant (p=0.017). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in intensive care unit survivors, which was affected by the use of analgesics in intensive care settings. Key Words: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, Analgesics, Intensive care unit.

Microglia, the primary immune cells within the brain, have gained recognition as a promising therapeutic target for managing neurodegenerative diseases within the central nervous system, including Parkinson’s disease. Nanoscale perfluorocarbon droplets have been reported to not only possess a high oxygen-carrying capacity, but also exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of perfluoropentane in microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (PFP-OLNDs) and found that pretreatment with these droplets suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of M1-type microglia in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed microglial activation in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Microglial suppression led to a reduction in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell migration capacity in vitro. Consequently, the neurotoxic effects were mitigated, which alleviated neuronal degeneration. Additionally, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of PFP-OLNDs mainly resulted from the modulation of microglial metabolic reprogramming. We further showed that PFP-OLNDs regulated microglial metabolic reprogramming through the AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that the novel PFP-OLNDs constructed in this study alleviate microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions through metabolic reprogramming.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate sub-health status (SHS) of people living in China during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection-induced acute infectious disease, which is featured by universal susceptibility and strong infectivity, and SHS (a status of low quality health) refers to a status of low-quality health. COVID-19 has gradually developed into a global pandemic, making the public in a high stress situation in physiological, psychological and social states in the short term. Methods: From March 6 to 11, 2020, a large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted by convenient sampling, and SHS assessment scale was used in the questionnaire. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting SHS. Results: In this study, 17,078 questionnaires were delivered with 16,820 effective questionnaires collected, and 10,715 subjects (63.7%) were found with SHS, with moderate SHS primarily. Physiological sub-scale scored the highest, followed by psychological and social sub-scales. Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that man, only-child, workers and farmers were risk factors of SHS. Protective factors of SHS included living in rural areas and townships, laid-off retirees and education degree. Conclusion: It shows many people in China place in a poor health status during COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary that relevant departments pay more attention to people with poor health such as men, only-child, urban people, workers and farmers, and groups with high education degree during and after pandemic stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since December 2019, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to most places in China and other countries, which may exert further impacts on the physiological and psychological states of urban and rural residents. Therefore, itis necessary to explore their health status during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Convenience sampling is selected for a crosssectional investigation and SHS questionnaires were distributed by WeChat. Results: A total of 15681 valid questionnaires from 4988 (31.8%) healthy participants, 9991 (63.7%) participants in SHS and 702 (4.5%) in a morbid state are incorporated. As shown by total scale, psychology and social aspect, SHS prevalence rate of rural residents is above that of urban residents; however, the contrary is the case for their physiological status. Regarding all participants, female gender, with low body mass index (BMI), or in the low-income group are account for the higher SHS prevalence rate. Based on ordinal Logistic regression analysis results, male gender and short time spend on electronic products are protective factors for SHS, while sleep deprivation is a risk factor for both urban and rural residents. (p<0.05). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence rate of SHS in rural residents' psychology, society and total scale is higher than that of urban residents. Major influencing factors include gender, time spent on electronic products, sleep time, smoking and social roles. Residents should properly adjust their daily schedule; and related governmental departments should particularly focus on SHS of rural residents and provide diversified life and psychological support during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper aims at investigating the sub-health status (SHS) of different social roles during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and analyzing its influencing factors. Design: A cross-sectional, convenience sampling including 1062 Chinese was conducted in March 2020. Statistical analysis was then performed for the data using SPSS 22.0. Results: The total SHS score for people with different social roles during the COVID-19 pandemic was 72.808±12.034; with the physical, psychological and social adaptive score were 80.252±12.336, 68.753±13.281 and 66.632±18.604 respectively. Univariate analysis showed that SHS scores for social adaptability were different in different places of residence, as well as physical, psychological and total SHS scores for different social roles (P< 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the social roles were a factor influencing the physical SHS score (P < 0.05), while gender was the factor influencing the psychological SHS score (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Human resource management needs improvement; meanwhile health consultation, enough time to rest and health care service are essential for medical staff, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) personnel, as well as couriers. Support to maintain work-family balance is seriously expected for female employees. Overall, the top priority in controlling COVID-19 is to protect their health both mentally and physically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, as a newly discovered cell death form, has become an attractive target for precision cancer therapy. Several ferroptosis therapy strategies based on nanotechnology have been reported by either increasing intracellular iron levels or by inhibition of glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). However, the strategy by simultaneous iron delivery and GPX4 inhibition has rarely been reported. Herein, novel tumor microenvironments (TME)-activated metal-organic frameworks involving Fe & Cu ions bridged by disulfide bonds with PEGylation (FCSP MOFs) were developed, which would be degraded specifically under the redox TME, simultaneously achieving GSH-depletion induced GPX4 inactivation and releasing Fe ions to produce ROS via Fenton reaction, therefore causing ferroptosis. More ROS could be generated by the acceleration of Fenton reaction due to the released Cu ions and the intrinsic photothermal capability of FCSP MOFs. The overexpressed GSH and H2O2 in TME could ensure the specific TME self-activated therapy. Better tumor therapeutic efficiency could be achieved by doxorubicin (DOX) loading since it can not only cause apoptosis, but also indirectly produce H2O2 to amplify Fenton reaction. Remarkable anti-tumor effect of obtained FCSP@DOX MOFs was verified via both in vitro and in vivo assays.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) under fluorescence imaging as a selective and non-invasive treatment approach has been widely applied for the therapy of cancer and bacterial infections. However, its treatment efficiency is hampered by high background fluorescence in the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 700–900 nm) and oxygen-dependent photosensitizing activity of traditional photosensitizers. In this work, we employ gold nanoclusters (BSA@Au) with the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence and catalase-like activity as alternative photosensitizers to realize highly efficient PDT. The bright NIR-II fluorescence of BSA@Au enables the visualization of PDT for tumor with a high signal-to-background ratio (SBR = 7.3) in 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse models. Furthermore, the catalase-like activity of BSA@Au endows its oxygen self-supplied capability, contributing to a five-fold increase in the survival period of tumor-bearing mice receiving boosted PDT treatment compared to that of the control group. Moreover, we further demonstrate that BSA@Au-based PDT strategy can be applied to treat bacterial infections. Our studies show the great potential of NIR-II BSA@Au as a novel photosensitizer for boosted PDT against cancer and bacterial infections.

Autophagy dysfunction has been directly linked with the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1), well-known chromatin remodeling proteins, play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Their function in neural cell death in PD, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that HMGA1 is highly induced during dopaminergic cell death in vitro and mice models of PD in vivo. Functional studies using genetic knockdown of endogenous HMGA1 show that HMGA1 signaling inhibition accelerates neural cell death, at least partially through aggravating MPP+-induced autophagic flux reduction resulting from partial block in autophagic flux at the terminal stages, indicating a novel potential neuroprotective role for HMGA1 in dopaminergic neurons death. MicroRNA-103/107 (miR-103/107) family, which is highly expressed in neuron, coordinately ensures proper end-stage autophagy. We further illustrate that MPP+/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced HMGA1 elevation counterparts the effect of miR-103/107 downregulation by directly binding to their promoters, respectively, sustaining their expression in MPP+-damaged MN9D cells and modulates autophagy through CDK5R1/CDK5 signaling pathway. We also find that HMGA1 is a direct target of miR-103/107 family. Thus, our results suggest that HMGA1 forms a negative feedback loop with miR-103/107-CDK5R1/CDK5 signaling to regulate the MPP+/MPTP-induced autophagy impairment and neural cell death. Collectively, we identify a paradigm for compensatory neuroprotective HMGA1 signaling in dopaminergic neurons that could have important therapeutic implications for PD.