Search

AbstractThis viewpoint article explores the transformative role of large language models (LLMs) in the field of medical education, highlighting their potential to enhance teaching quality, promote personalized learning paths, strengthen clinical skills training, optimize teaching assessment processes, boost the efficiency of medical research, and support continuing medical education. However, the use of LLMs entails certain challenges, such as questions regarding the accuracy of information, the risk of overreliance on technology, a lack of emotional recognition capabilities, and concerns related to ethics, privacy, and data security. This article emphasizes that to maximize the potential of LLMs and overcome these challenges, educators must exhibit leadership in medical education, adjust their teaching strategies flexibly, cultivate students’ critical thinking, and emphasize the importance of practical experience, thus ensuring that students can use LLMs correctly and effectively. By adopting such a comprehensive and balanced approach, educators can train health care professionals who are proficient in the use of advanced technologies and who exhibit solid professional ethics and practical skills, thus laying a strong foundation for these professionals to overcome future challenges in the health care sector.

With rapid development of holography, metasurface-based holographic communication scheme shows great potential in development of adaptive electromagnetic function. However, conventional passive metasurfaces are severely limited by poor reconfigurability, which makes it difficult to achieve wavefront manipulations in real time. Here, we propose a holographic communication strategy that on-demand target information is firstly acquired and encoded via a depth camera integrated with modified YOLOv5s target detection algorithm, then transmitted by software defined radio modules with long term evolution at 5 GHz, and finally reproduced in the form of holographic images by spin-decoupled programmable coding metasurfaces at 12 GHz after decoding through modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the brand-new concept of optical information conversion to electromagnetic one via above intelligent scheme. Our strategy may open a novel avenue toward applications of near-field communication based on adaptive variation of electric field patterns (i.e. holographic images).

Objective To study the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) against apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in mice with radiation-induced intestinal injury and explore the pathway that mediates this effect. Methods A mouse model of radiation-induced intestinal injury was established using a linear accelerator. In 2 h after the radiation exposure, the mice were treated with 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg LBP by gavage for 7 d (LBP intervention groups) or with normal saline (radiation group), and the mice without any treatment and those treated with 800 mg/kg LBP by gavage without X-ray radiation served as the control groups. After the treatments, the intestinal segment near the duodenum was dissected for pathological examination. The viability of the IECs isolated from the intestines of the mice was evaluated with CCK-8 assay, the cell apoptosis rate was detected with flow cytometry, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined by spectrophotometry; Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of apoptosis regulators Bcl-2 and Bax in the IECs. Results Compared with the mice in the radiation group, those in LBP intervention groups showed greater intestinal villus length and crypt number and higher viability of the IECs at 7 d after the radiation (P < 0.05). The increase of LBP concentration significantly increased SOD activity (1.22±0.05 U/mL at 200 mg/kg, 1.32±0.06 U/mL at 400 mg/kg, and 1.53±0.03 U/mL at 800 mg/kg) and lowered the apoptotic rate and MDA content in the IECs. Compared with the IECs in the radiation group, the cells from LBP intervention groups showed significantly increased expression of Bcl-2 (nearly doubled at the LBP dose of 800 mg/kg) and lowered expression of Bax (by about 50% at the LBP dose of 800 mg/kg). Conclusion For mice with radiation-induced intestinal injury, LBP treatment suppresses apoptosis of IECs by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expressions and enhances their antioxidant capacity by increasing SOD activity and decreasing the content of MDA.

Objective To prepare and characterize 177Lu-DOTA-anti-CIITED1-PNA, a 177Lu-labled antisense probe for the antisense peptide nucleic acid (asPNA) of Cbp/p300 interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 (CITED1) mRNA and assess its uptake and cytotoxicity in human papillary thyroid cancer K1 cells. Methods The targeting specificity of the peptide nucleic acid was identified by RT-PCR. The antisense probe 177Lu-DOTA-anti-CITED1-PNA was obtained using an indirect labeling method, and the labeling rate and in vitro and in vivo stability of the probe were assessed. The uptake of the antisense probe and its effect on the proliferation of K1 cells in vitro were evaluated. Results RT-PCR showed that the asPNA could significantly reduce the expression of CITED1 in K1 cells. The prepared antisense probe had a radiochemical purity of (94.5±0.12)% with a specific activity of 3.7±0.53 MBq/μg; its radiochemical purity was still above 90% after 48 h. This antisense probe could be specifically taken up by human K1 cells, and compared with 177Lu-labeled DOTA and a nonsense-PNA, the antisense probe 177Lu-DOTA-anti-CITED1-PNA showed a much stronger anti-tumor effect in K1 cells. Conclusion We successfully obtained 177Lu-labeled CITED1 asPNA probe, which can specifically target K1 cells and effectively reduce the cell viability and proliferation in vitro.

Objective To study the changes in the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissues in a mouse model of progeria using Cerenkov luminescence imaging. Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and Cerenkov luminescence imaging were used to dynamically monitor the metabolic activity of the brown adipose tissue in progeria mice. The ageing of the brown adipose tissue was evaluated by detecting the transcriptional and protein expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a molecular marker of brown adipose tissue activity. Results At 4 to 12 weeks of age, the progeria mice showed no obvious changes in the SUVmax and Cerenkov luminescence imaging light intensity in the brown adipose tissue (P>0.05). At 14 weeks of age, the SUVmax and Cerenkov imaging light intensity in the brown adipose tissue were decreased significantly in progeria mice (P < 0.01). At the molecular level, the mRNA expression level of UCP1 began to decrease in the progeria mice at 12 weeks (P < 0.05), while UCP1 protein expression level decreased significantly at 14 weeks of age (P < 0.01), which were consistent with the results of the imaging studies. Conclusion Cerenkov luminescence imaging allows efficient assessment of the changes in the metabolic activity of the brown adipose tissue in mice. In progeria mice, the metabolic activity of the brown adipose tissue becomes lowered as early as 14 weeks of age

Protein secondary structure discrimination is crucial for understanding their biological function. It is not generally possible to invert spectroscopic data to yield the structure. We present a machine learning protocol which uses two-dimensional UV (2DUV) spectra as pattern recognition descriptors, aiming at automated protein secondary structure determination from spectroscopic features. Accurate secondary structure recognition is obtained for homologous (97%) and nonhomologous (91%) protein segments, randomly selected from simulated model datasets. The advantage of 2DUV descriptors over one-dimensional linear absorption and circular dichroism spectra lies in the cross-peak information that reflects interactions between local regions of the protein. Thanks to their ultrafast (∼200 fs) nature, 2DUV measurements can be used in the future to probe conformational variations in the course of protein dynamics.

Background: The combination of anti-programmed death-1 antibodies and chemotherapy is effective; however, there are no reliable outcome prediction factors. We investigated the prognostic factors based on 18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) quantitative and hematological parameters to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy. Methods: This retrospective study included 31 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before and during treatment. Pretreatment metabolic and hematological parameters were evaluated using Cox regression analysis to identify predictors of PFS. Based on the cut-off values calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, patients were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to compare survival differences between the groups. Results: Cox multivariable analysis indicted that the treatment response based on Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Lugano classification and SUVmax were independent predictors of PFS (P = 0.004, 0.007 and 0.039, respectively). The optimal cut-off values for SUVmax and LDH were 11.62 and 258.5 U/L, respectively (P < 0.01). Survival curves showed that LDH ≥ 258.5U/L and SUVmax ≥ 11.62 were correlated to shorter PFS (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). The differences in PFS between the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0043). Conclusion: In R/R cHL patients treated with ICIs and chemotherapy, Lugano classification, SUVmax, and LDH were significantly correlated with PFS. The combination of metabolic and hematological parameters predicts PFS and may help to improve patient selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-WO3 particles are expected to find use in new shielding materials because of their significant absorption of near-infrared light in the 1400–1600 nm and 1900–2200 nm bands and high transmittance of visible light. In this study, WO3 was ground and dispersed using high-energy ball-milling to prepare a nano-WO3 dispersion using BYK331 as the dispersant and ethanol as the solvent. The prepared nano-WO3 dispersion was added to a photo-curing system and cured using UV irradiation to form films. The cured films were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. The results showed that the nano-WO3 powder was evenly dispersed in the coating. The infrared blocking rate of the film continuously improved and the visible light transmission rate continuously decreased with increasing amounts of nano-WO3.For the film containing 6 wt%nano-WO3, the infrared blocking rate of the coating is 90%, the visible light transmittance is 70%, the hardness of the coating is 3B, and the adhesion is 3H. The thermal stability of the coating is also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]