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The investigation involved examining the binding of two lanthanide complexes, specifically those containing Holmium (Ho) and Dysprosium (Dy), with a ligand called 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The evaluation was carried out utilizing fluorescence measurements, Förster theory, and docking studies. The findings indicated that both the Ho-complex and Dycomplex possessed a significant ability to quench the emission of the protein. Furthermore, the primary mechanism of interaction was identified as a static process. The Kb values indicate a strong tendency of these complexes for binding with BSA. The Kb values show the strangely high affinity of BSA to complexes and the following order for binding affinity: Ho-complex > Dy-complex. The thermodynamic parameters were found to be negative, affirming that the main forces driving the interaction between BSA and the lanthanide complexes are van der Waals engagement and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the investigation included the examination of competition site markers, and molecular docking proposed that the engagement sites of the Ho-complex and Dy-complex with BSA were predominantly located in site 3 (specifically, subdomain IB). Moreover, the Ho-complex and Dy-complex were specifically chosen for their potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Consequently, these complexes could present promising prospects as novel candidates for anti-tumor and antibacterial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To highlight the presence of aerobic bacteria in live ticks infested sheep, in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. Methods: One hundred and thirty adult alive ticks were picked up from sheep which were reared in different farms in Diyala Governorate, Iraq, during the period from November 2012 to May 2013. Ticks were classified in the Natural History Museum in Baghdad. They were dissected aseptically for extraction of the salivary gland and mid-gut. The removed tissue from each organ was inoculated in buffer peptone water (1%) and incubated for 2 h at 37 °C, to maintain weak and/or injured bacterial cells, then transmitted to nutrient broth incubated at 37 °C for 18 h. Culturing was done on three solid bacteriological media (nutrient, blood and McConkey agars), and then incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Bacterial identification was performed by using multiple biochemical tests and API-20 strips. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis System version 9.1, 2010. Chi-square test was used for comparison at significant level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: Two species of ticks were identified [Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and Hyalomma turanicum]. High bacterial isolation rate was observed (483 isolates). A significant high isolation rate was recorded from Rhipicephalus annulatus (63.14%). Six bacterial species were identified [Escherichia coli (28.36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.01%), Bacillus cereus (14.69%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.66%), Citrobacter freundii (13.04%), and Enterobacter species (12.21%)]. Also the high bacterial isolation rates were recorded in the temperate months (November, March and April); these coincided with high reproductive performance of ticks. Conclusions: The high isolation rate of aerobic pathogens from ticks might reflect the active contribution of this arthropod in environmental contamination and increase the probability of transmitting bacterial pathogens to their hosts.

Metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as TiO2 NPs, have been extensively researched for their potential use in aquaculture. One of the main uses of TiO2 NPs in aquaculture is as a natural water purifier. TiO2 has photocatalytic properties that make it highly effective in breaking down organic pollutants and toxic substances in water. Additionally, TiO2 NPs have been used to improve the efficiency of aquaculture feed. However, it is important to note that while the use of TiO2 NPs in aquaculture holds promise, there are also some concerns about their safety and environmental impact. Therefore, in this study, we sought to ascertain whether penicillamine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), two compounds used in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning and whose efficacy has been demonstrated in both warm-blooded animals and humans, may lessen the toxicity of TiO2 NPs in Nile tilapia. In this study, 280 Nile tilapia fries (3.20±0.12 g) were split into four treatments over the course of three replications. Following that, the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals was used to evaluate and compare the acute toxicity of TiO2 NPs. In all stages of toxicity determination, the data demonstrated that the toxicity of TiO2 NPs in the control treatment was significantly higher than that of the treatments given penicillamine and EDTA. Finally, the efficiency of penicillamine is more than that of EDTA, and both of these drugs can be used orally to prevent and treat seafood poisoning caused by TiO2 NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]