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Telur ayam mudah mengalami kerusakan, untuk menghambat keruskan telur dengan cara menutup pori pori kerabang telur. Tujuan penelitain adalah untuk mengetahui lama simpan telur ayam ras yang dikeas dalam plastic warm terhadap kualitas fisik. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL. Kualiatas fisik diamati pada hari ke 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, dan 35. Parameter kualitas fisik meliputi kualitas fisik eksternal dan kualitas fisik internal. Berat telur, panjamg telur, lebar telur, dan indek telur tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kulitas fisik eksternal telur yang dikemas pada kemasan platik warm. Indek putih telur, indek putih telur menurun dengan bertambahnya lama simpan. pH putih telur dan pH kuning telur meningkat dengan bertambahnya lama simpan. Warna telur meningkat dengan meningkatnya umur simpan. Nilai Haugh Units meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur. Kesimpulan bahwa kualitas ekternal telur ayam ras dalam kemasan platik warp dalam suhu ruang tidak berbeda nyata. Sedangkan kualitas internal dengan lama penyimpanan pada suhu ruang semakin menurun pada hari ke 14.

Although the rate of infection after the reconstruction of a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is low, prophylactic incubation of the graft with vancomycin (Vanco-wrap or vancomycin soaking) is routinely performed. A cytotoxic effect of vancomycin is reported for several cell types, and the prophylactic treatment might prevent infection but harm the tissue and cells. Aim: A comprehensive study was performed to investigate the effect of vancomycin on tendon tissue and isolated tenocytes using cell viability, molecular and mechanical analysis. Material and methods: Rat tendons or isolated tenocytes were incubated in increasing concentrations of vancomycin (0–10 mg/mL) for different times, and cell viability, gene expression, histology and Young's modulus were analyzed. Results: The clinically used concentration of vancomycin (5 mg/mL for 20 min) had no negative effect on cell viability in the tendons or the isolated tenocytes, while incubation with the toxic control significantly reduced cell viability. Increasing the concentration and prolonging the incubation time had no negative effect on the cells. The expression of Col1a1, Col3a1 and the tenocyte markers mohawk, scleraxis and tenomodulin was not affected by the various vancomycin concentrations. The structural integrity as measured through histological and mechanical testing was not compromised. Conclusion: The results proved the safe application of the Vanco-wrap on tendon tissue. Level of evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial coatings have a finite lifetime because of wear, depletion of the active ingredient, or surface contamination that produces a barrier between the pathogen and the active ingredient. The limited lifetime means that facile replacement is important. Here, we describe a generic method for rapidly applying and reapplying antimicrobial coatings to common-touch surfaces. The method is to deposit an antimicrobial coating on a generic adhesive film (wrap), and then to attach that modified wrap to the common-touch surface. In this scenario, the adhesion of the wrap and antimicrobial efficacy are separated and can be optimized independently. We demonstrate the fabrication of two antimicrobial wraps, both using cuprous oxide (Cu2O) as the active ingredient. The first uses polyurethane (PU) as the polymeric binder and the second uses polydopamine (PDA). Our antimicrobial PU/Cu2O and PDA/Cu2O wraps, respectively, kill >99.98% and >99.82% of the human pathogen, P. aeruginosa, in only 10 min, and each of them kill >99.99% of the bacterium in 20 min. These antimicrobial wraps can be removed and replaced on the same object in <1 min with no tools. Wraps are already frequently used by consumers to coat drawers or cars for aesthetic or protective purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new technology of surface wrapping and strengthening of expandable polystyrene (EPS) beads is proposed. Three wrapping materials including magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and water-borne polyurethane (WPU) were evaluated. Four groups of uniaxial compression tests of EPS concrete specimens were conducted: the failure process and the characteristics of the specimens were analyzed; and the complete stress–strain equation is proposed based on these analyses. The research shows that the EPS beads were strengthened by wrapping, and the axial compressive strength of concrete is increased by 50–75%; the concrete with EPS beads wrapped by MPC and WPU has obvious brittleness; the concrete with EPS beads wrapped by UHPC has axial compressive strength close to that of EPS concrete wrapped with MPC and WPU but has a larger ductility coefficient (150%), a larger toughness coefficient (50–90% larger), a higher energy dissipation coefficient (40% larger), and larger residual stress. The proposed stress–strain model is in good agreement with the experimental results, which can accurately describe the stress and deformation characteristics of EPS concrete under uniaxial compression and has good applicability. The discovery of this study provides background knowledge for the structural analysis and design of this kind of concrete; it provides a basis for selecting EPS concrete as structural materials.

Cryogenic tanks are still considered the most efficient method of storing fluids. This is due to its resistance to much damage caused by corrosion induced by low temperature and internal pressure. In this study, the finite element method is used to analyze the repair performance by a composite wrap in a corroded tank. A parametric analysis was carried out in order to highlight the effects of low temperature and pressure on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the corroded structure and to predict the evolution of stresses in the vicinity of corrosion. An approach to this problem based on the notion of material strength was necessary since it was essential to take both the size of the pre-existing defect and the amount of mechanical stresses. The results obtained show the effect of thermal and mechanical loading to examine their impact on the strength of the structure on the one hand, and on the other hand, the influence of the composite wrap repair in the different corrosion lengths (Path 1, 2, 3) on the reinforcement of the tank. Finally, repairing damage (corrosion) using FRP composites increases the durability of cryogenic tanks, which increases their efficiency their performance and increases their life, although the rate of improvement depends largely on operating conditions, such as pressure and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) belongs to a family of endogenously derived proresolving lipid mediators that have been shown to attenuate inflammation, activate proresolution signaling, and promote homeostasis and recovery from tissue injury. In this study we present a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based thin-film device composed of layers of varying ratios of lactic and glycolic acid that elutes RvD1 unidirectionally to target tissues. The device demonstrated sustained release in vitro for 56 days with an initial burst of release over 14 days. The asymmetric design of the device released 98% of RvD1 through the layer with the lowest molar ratio of lactic acid to glycolic acid, and the remainder through the opposite side. We validated structural integrity of RvD1 released from the device by mass spectrometry and investigated its bioactivity on human vascular endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (VSMC). RvD1 released from the device attenuated VSMC migration, proliferation, and TNF-α induced NF-κB activation, without evidence of cytotoxicity. Delivery of RvD1 to blood vessels was demonstrated ex vivo in a flow chamber system using perfused rabbit aortas and in vivo in a rat carotid artery model, with the devices applied as an adventitial wrap. Our results demonstrate a novel approach for sustained, local delivery of Resolvin D1 to vascular tissue at therapeutically relevant levels. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 31-41, 2017.

Antimicrobial coatings have a finite lifetime because of wear, depletion of the active ingredient, or surface contamination that produces a barrier between the pathogen and the active ingredient. The limited lifetime means that facile replacement is important. Here, we describe a generic method for rapidly applying and reapplying antimicrobial coatings to common-touch surfaces. The method is to deposit an antimicrobial coating on a generic adhesive film (wrap), and then to attach that modified wrap to the common-touch surface. In this scenario, the adhesion of the wrap and antimicrobial efficacy are separated and can be optimized independently. We demonstrate the fabrication of two antimicrobial wraps, both using cuprous oxide (Cu2O) as the active ingredient. The first uses polyurethane (PU) as the polymeric binder and the second uses polydopamine (PDA). Our antimicrobial PU/Cu2O and PDA/Cu2O wraps, respectively, kill >99.98% and >99.82% of the human pathogen, P. aeruginosa, in only 10 min, and each of them kill >99.99% of the bacterium in 20 min. These antimicrobial wraps can be removed and replaced on the same object in

Copyright of Art-E is the property of Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Synchrony plays a major role in the interconnection process between local electric power generation systems and the electrical grid. Grid phase disturbances prevent the generation system from maintaining synchrony. Therefore, an efficient phase tracking method is necessary in order to detect phase jumps and abrupt changes in amplitude. In this paper, we propose a software-designed method to strengthen phase tracking based on the wrap process of a second-level Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The term ‘wrap’ means establishing the phase values of the reference signal in intervals of π to match it with the values obtained from the PLL output (sync pulse). To quantify phase error, a mathematical transformation of the time domain to the frequency domain is implemented. The validity of the proposed wrap function is verified using electrical disturbances.

In this study the finite element method is used to analyze the performances of bonded composite wrap repair of cracked steel pipelines. Parametric analysis was performed in order to highlight the effects of the geometrical properties on the repair efficiency. The experimental design method is used to explore the effects of wrap dimensions (length, angle and thickness) in order to optimize the repair process. We showed in using the MOODE.5 software the most dominant geometrical parameters on stress intensity factor at the crack front which to determine the most important parameters on the repair efficiency. This optimization can help the composite wrap designers to improve the repair performance and rehabilitation

Copyright of Revista Croma is the property of Revista Croma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The key approach to manage and prevent potential hazards arising from specific contaminants in water networks is to consider water as the main product delivered. This new concept, addressed as water-reuse risk assessment program (WRAP), has been further developed from hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) to illustrate the potential hazards which are the roots of hindering intra-facility water reuse strategies. For industrial sectors applying water reclamation and reuse schemes, it is paramount that the reclaimed water quality stays within the desired quality. The objective of WRAP is to establish a new methodology and knowledge, which will contribute to the sustainable development of industrial water management, and demonstrate its capabilities in identifying and addressing any potential hazards in the selected schemes adoption by the industries. A ‘what-if’ scenario was simulated using a refinery as a case study to show strategies on how to benefit reclaimed or reuse water based on reliable, applied and scientific research within the process integration area. In conclusion, the WRAP model will facilitate operators, consultants and decision makers to reuse water on a fit-for-use basis whilst avoiding contaminant accumulation in the overall system and production of sub-quality products from inadequate processes after several reuses.

Prehensile and gripping organs are recurring structures in different organisms that enhance friction by the reinforcement and redirection of normal forces. The relationship between organ structure and biomechanical performance is poorly understood, despite a broad relevance for microhabitat choice, movement ecology and biomimetics. Here, we present the first study of the biomechanics of prehensile feet in long-legged harvestmen. These arachnids exhibit the strongest sub-division of legs among arthropods, permitting extreme hyperflexion (i.e. curling up the foot tip). We found that despite the lack of adhesive foot pads, these moderately sized arthropods are able to scale vertical smooth surfaces, if the surface is curved. Comparison of three species of harvestmen differing in leg morphology shows that traction reinforcement by foot wrapping depends on the degree of leg sub-division, not leg length. Differences are explained by adaptation to different microhabitats on trees. The exponential increase of foot section length from distal to proximal introduces a gradient of flexibility that permits adaptation to a wide range of surface curvature while maintaining integrity at strong flexion. A pulley system of the claw depressor tendon ensures the controlled flexion of the high number of adesmatic joints in the harvestman foot. These results contribute to the general understanding of foot function in arthropods and showcase an interesting model for the biomimetic engineering of novel transportation systems and surgical probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prehensile and gripping organs are recurring structures in different organisms that enhance friction by the reinforcement and redirection of normal forces. The relationship between organ structure and biomechanical performance is poorly understood, despite a broad relevance for microhabitat choice, movement ecology and biomimetics. Here, we present the first study of the biomechanics of prehensile feet in long-legged harvestmen. These arachnids exhibit the strongest sub-division of legs among arthropods, permitting extreme hyperflexion (i.e. curling up the foot tip). We found that despite the lack of adhesive foot pads, these moderately sized arthropods are able to scale vertical smooth surfaces, if the surface is curved. Comparison of three species of harvestmen differing in leg morphology shows that traction reinforcement by foot wrapping depends on the degree of leg sub-division, not leg length. Differences are explained by adaptation to different microhabitats on trees. The exponential increase of foot section length from distal to proximal introduces a gradient of flexibility that permits adaptation to a wide range of surface curvature while maintaining integrity at strong flexion. A pulley system of the claw depressor tendon ensures the controlled flexion of the high number of adesmatic joints in the harvestman foot. These results contribute to the general understanding of foot function in arthropods and showcase an interesting model for the biomimetic engineering of novel transportation systems and surgical probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prehensile and gripping organs are recurring structures in different organisms that enhance friction by the reinforcement and redirection of normal forces. The relationship between organ structure and biomechanical performance is poorly understood, despite a broad relevance for microhabitat choice, movement ecology and biomimetics. Here, we present the first study of the biomechanics of prehensile feet in long-legged harvestmen. These arachnids exhibit the strongest sub-division of legs among arthropods, permitting extreme hyper-flexion (i.e. curling up the foot tip). We found that despite the lack of adhesive foot pads, these moderately sized arthropods are able to scale vertical smooth surfaces, if the surface is curved. The comparison of three species of harvestmen differing in leg morphology show that traction reinforcement by foot wrapping depends on the degree of leg sub-division, not leg length. Differences are explained by adaptation to different microhabitats on trees. The exponential increase of foot section length from distal to proximal introduces a gradient of flexibility that permits adaptation to a wide range of surface curvature while maintaining integrity at strong flexion. A pulley system of the claw depressor tendon ensures the controlled flexion of the high number of adesmatic joints in the harvestman foot. These results contribute to the general understanding of foot function in arthropods and showcase an interesting model for the biomimetic engineering of novel transportation systems and surgical probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the finite element method is used to analyze the performances of bonded composite wrap repair of cracked steel pipelines. Parametric analysis was performed in order to highlight the effects of the geometrical properties on the repair efficiency. The experimental design method is used to explore the effects of wrap dimensions (length, angle and thickness) in order to optimize the repair process. We showed in using the MOODE.5 software the most dominant geometrical parameters on stress intensity factor at the crack front which to determine the most important parameters on the repair efficiency. This optimization can help the composite wrap designers to improve the repair performance and rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a patient who developed acute chest pain and ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads on electrocardiography. In his control electrocardiography after 15 min, ST-segment elevation was observed in the anterior leads. Cardiac catheterization showed that there was wraparound left anterior descending artery and an occlusion in the proximal region. The occlusion was resolved by typical ballooning. To our knowledge, simultaneous ST elevations in anterior and inferior leads have been reported in the literature; however, in our case, with serial electrocardiographic (ECG) records, we realized that inferior ST-segment elevation altered to anterior ST-segment elevation. This indicates the importance of serial ECG records in emergency departments to explain the mechanism.

Perivascular medical devices and perivascular drug delivery systems are conceived for local application around a blood vessel during open vascular surgery. These systems provide mechanical support and/or pharmacological activity for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia following vessel injury. Despite abundant reports in the literature and numerous clinical trials, no efficient perivascular treatment is available. In this review, the existing perivascular medical devices and perivascular drug delivery systems, such as polymeric gels, meshes, sheaths, wraps, matrices, and metal meshes, are jointly evaluated. The key criteria for the design of an ideal perivascular system are identified. Perivascular treatments should have mechanical specifications that ensure system localization, prolonged retention and adequate vascular constriction. From the data gathered, it appears that a drug is necessary to increase the efficacy of these systems. As such, the release kinetics of pharmacological agents should match the development of the pathology. A successful perivascular system must combine these optimized pharmacological and mechanical properties to be efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executing a life cycle carbon analysis on a building has two components to consider: the Embodied Carbon (EC) and In-use Carbon, the sum of these forms ‘the building carbon budget'. The in-use can be obtained through regulatory tools such as the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) in the UK. Embodied carbon has a loose framework with little guidance on a standardised methodology. This paper explores embodied carbon analysis using building components to enhance the understanding of the sensitivity and categorisation of measurements to propose a methodology. The exploration of differing methods on a Passivhaus case study was undertaken with the use of global warming potential identified as the correct unit of measurement. Different methods of estimating quantities and datasets used for an EC calculation are discussed. Results highlight a variation in carbon emissions for certain common building materials between the method used in the Environmental Performance Declarations (EPD) compared to current databases such as Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) using Cradle to Gate data. Designers prefer simple embodied carbon calculation methods. This paper identifies a calculation method giving an acceptable accuracy with the least amount of input data required to implement regulatory standardisation within the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper reports on an experimental investigation that evaluates the effectiveness of newly developed material, steel fibre reinforced polymer (SFRP) sheets to confine small-scale plain concrete circular and square columns. Different parameters were investigated including: number of SFRP layers (1, 2, and 3), target concrete compressive strength (25, 30, and 35MPa), cross-section of the columns (circular and square), and corner radius for square columns (3, 6, 10, and 25mm). The experimental investigation was conducted in three phases. In Phase I, 36 circular specimens (150mm diameter×300mm height) and in Phase II, 36 square specimens (150mm side length×300mm height) were tested. In each phase, the specimens were divided into three groups according to concrete compressive strength. In each group, three specimens were tested without wrapping for comparison purposes, and three specimens for each number of layers. In Phase III, 12 SFRP wrapped (one layer) square specimens with a target concrete compressive strength of 25MPa were tested to investigate the effect of varying the corner radii on the confined compressive strength. The specimens were tested under monotonic concentric uni-axial compression load. Results showed that SFRP confinement improved the performance of both circular and square specimens in terms of axial strength and ductility; however, the improvement for square specimens was not as prominent as that for circular specimens. Rounding the corners of the square specimens improves the situation for square specimens and performance enhances with increasing corner radius. The confined concrete compressive strength was predicted using equations available in different codes and models and compared with experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We describe a patient who developed acute chest pain and ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads on electrocardiography. In his control electrocardiography after 15 min, ST-segment elevation was observed in the anterior leads. Cardiac catheterization showed that there was wraparound left anterior descending artery and an occlusion in the proximal region. The occlusion was resolved by typical ballooning. To our knowledge, simultaneous ST elevations in anterior and inferior leads have been reported in the literature; however, in our case, with serial electrocardiographic (ECG) records, we realized that inferior ST-segment elevation altered to anterior ST-segment elevation. This indicates the importance of serial ECG records in emergency departments to explain the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overarching question addressed here is how syntactic structures based on constituency (dominance, c-command) are to be mapped onto linear phonetic strings. I argue that both prosodic principles and narrow-syntactic principles play a role in the linearization of syntactic structures. I take Kayne's (1994) Linear Correspondence Axiom as a starting point: (asymmetric) c-command maps onto precedence relations. Two wide-ranging predictions of Kayne's theory are that specifiers precede their heads and that a head can only have one specifier or adjunct. Although abundant evidence supports these predictions, there is nonetheless a well-known class of apparent counterexamples: Romance languages allow both rightward and multiple dislocations. I take the LCA to be a soft constraint, overruled by a constraint of the WRAP family that seeks to combine a verb and its extended projection in one intonational phrase. Apparent rightward movement is the outcome of rightward linearization forced by WRAP. The possibility of multiple dislocations is compatible with the LCA within the assumptions made here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines four leading multi-stakeholder labour monitoring organizations. All operating in the maquiladora industry, these organizations are viewed in light of the growing global trend toward industry self-regulation, or what has been referred to as the ‘global out-sourcing of regulation’. Their Board compositions, codes of conduct and monitoring and enforcement strategies are all examined as a means of tentatively positioning these organizations along an ‘egoist-instrumentalist-moralist’ ethical culture continuum. Such a framing provides insights into the perceived salience of these organizations’ broader stakeholders, the effectiveness of codes of conduct on workplace practices more generally, and the role that ethics plays in the governance and accountability of these increasingly important types of organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideal treatment for a boxer’s fracture remains controversial, particularly the degree of volar dislocation considered acceptable for nonoperative treatment. From December 2003 to December 2004, 25 patients who sustained a subcapital metacarpal fracture of the little finger with volar angulation between 30 to 75° were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with a circular self-adherent wrap covering metacarpal bones II–V and buddy taping of the ring and little fingers for a period of 3 weeks while allowing immediate free range of motion. Final evaluation at a mean of 5 months revealed all patients to be satisfied without subjective functional impairment. All fractures healed, and the angulation of the fracture remained unchanged, but moderate shortening was observed. Active flexion of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was significantly lower on the fracture side, but as the median degree of MCP flexion was the same, this statistical difference was without clinical relevance. There was no loss in grip strength. A subjective long-term evaluation was performed by phone; at a median of 3 years, a QuickDash score gave a median of 0 point. Treating a boxer’s fracture with angulation of up to 75° by soft wrap and buddy taping resulted in satisfied patients and good clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to describe and assess a new method of fixation using a self-adhesive prosthesis (Adhesix™) in laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR). The technical principles are based on a very low dissection and the adhesive properties of the prosthesis which can be applied to the rectum without stitches or staples. The prosthesis is made from polypropylene coated with a synthetic hydrogel. The binding of the prosthesis to rectum and vagina takes place in a wet environment after a few minutes and enables the shaping of the mesh on the surface of the rectum (wrap effect). Between March 2010 and March 2013, 41 patients were operated on using LVR with a self-adhesive prosthesis. The effectiveness of prosthesis fixation was evaluated in a subset of 27 patients suffering from complete rectal prolapse. With a median follow-up of 30 months, there were no major complications and no recurrence. In this initial experience, LVR with a self-adhesive prosthesis does not increase the risk of recurrence. No undesirable effects were associated with the prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]