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1. EmoStim: A Database of Emotional Film Clips with Discrete and Componential Assessment

Author

Somarathna, Rukshani, Vuilleumier, Patrik, and Mohammadi, Gelareh

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Emotion elicitation using emotional film clips is one of the most common and ecologically valid methods in Affective Computing. However, selecting and validating appropriate materials that evoke a range of emotions is challenging. Here we present EmoStim: A Database of Emotional Film Clips as a film library with a rich and varied content. EmoStim is designed for researchers interested in studying emotions in relation to either discrete or componential models of emotion. To create the database, 139 film clips were selected from literature and then annotated by 638 participants through the CrowdFlower platform. We selected 99 film clips based on the distribution of subjective ratings that effectively distinguished between emotions defined by the discrete model. We show that the selected film clips reliably induce a range of specific emotions according to the discrete model. Further, we describe relationships between emotions, emotion organization in the componential space, and underlying dimensions representing emotional experience. The EmoStim database and participant annotations are freely available for research purposes. The database can be used to enrich our understanding of emotions further and serve as a guide to select or create additional materials., Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible

Published
2023
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3. Effect of an Eighteen-Month Meditation Training on Telomeres in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the Age-Well Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

André, Claire, Lugo, Sebastian Baez, Batchelor, Martine, Beaugonin, Axel, Champetier, Pierre, Chauveau, Léa, Chételat, Gaël, Chocat, Anne, Collette, Fabienne, De Flores, Robin, De La Sayette, Vincent, Delarue, Marion, Fauvel, Séverine, Felisatti, Francesca, Devouge, Eglantine Ferrand, Frison, Eric, Gonneaud, Julie, Tran, Thien Huong, Kaliman, Perla, Klimecki, Olga, Kuhn, Elizabeth, Landeau, Brigitte, Lefranc, Valérie, Lehodey, Asrar, Lutz, Antoine, Marchant, Natalie, Mezenge, Florence, Ourry, Valentin, Palix, Cassandre, Poisnel, Geraldine, Quillard, Anne, Rauchs, Geraldine, Salmon, Eric, Schimmer, Corinne, Touron, Edelweiss, Turpin, Anne-Laure, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Le Du, Gwendoline, Ferment, Victor, Cognet, Aurélia, Gaubert, Clarisse, Brucato, Sylvie, Rouillon, Christophe, Faure, Marine, Lepetit, Jeanne, Smith, Rhonda, Reid, Charlotte, Saville, Marie, Álvarez-López, María Jesús, Fernández, Daniel, Schlosser, Marco, Vivien, Denis, Marchant, Natalie L., and Poisne, Géraldine

Published
2024
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4. A Multi-Componential Approach to Emotion Recognition and the Effect of Personality

Author

Mohammadi, Gelareh and Vuilleumier, Patrik

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Emotions are an inseparable part of human nature affecting our behavior in response to the outside world. Although most empirical studies have been dominated by two theoretical models including discrete categories of emotion and dichotomous dimensions, results from neuroscience approaches suggest a multi-processes mechanism underpinning emotional experience with a large overlap across different emotions. While these findings are consistent with the influential theories of emotion in psychology that emphasize a role for multiple component processes to generate emotion episodes, few studies have systematically investigated the relationship between discrete emotions and a full componential view. This paper applies a componential framework with a data-driven approach to characterize emotional experiences evoked during movie watching. The results suggest that differences between various emotions can be captured by a few (at least 6) latent dimensions, each defined by features associated with component processes, including appraisal, expression, physiology, motivation, and feeling. In addition, the link between discrete emotions and component model is explored and results show that a componential model with a limited number of descriptors is still able to predict the level of experienced discrete emotion(s) to a satisfactory level. Finally, as appraisals may vary according to individual dispositions and biases, we also study the relationship between personality traits and emotions in our computational framework and show that the role of personality on discrete emotion differences can be better justified using the component model., Comment: 13 pages

Published
2020
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5. The rise of affectivism.

Author

Dukes, Daniel, Abrams, Kathryn, Adolphs, Ralph, Ahmed, Mohammed E, Beatty, Andrew, Berridge, Kent C, Broomhall, Susan, Brosch, Tobias, Campos, Joseph J, Clay, Zanna, Clément, Fabrice, Cunningham, William A, Damasio, Antonio, Damasio, Hanna, D'Arms, Justin, Davidson, Jane W, de Gelder, Beatrice, Deonna, Julien, de Sousa, Ronnie, Ekman, Paul, Ellsworth, Phoebe C, Fehr, Ernst, Fischer, Agneta, Foolen, Ad, Frevert, Ute, Grandjean, Didier, Gratch, Jonathan, Greenberg, Leslie, Greenspan, Patricia, Gross, James J, Halperin, Eran, Kappas, Arvid, Keltner, Dacher, Knutson, Brian, Konstan, David, Kret, Mariska E, LeDoux, Joseph E, Lerner, Jennifer S, Levenson, Robert W, Loewenstein, George, Manstead, Antony SR, Maroney, Terry A, Moors, Agnes, Niedenthal, Paula, Parkinson, Brian, Pavlidis, Ioannis, Pelachaud, Catherine, Pollak, Seth D, Pourtois, Gilles, Roettger-Roessler, Birgitt, Russell, James A, Sauter, Disa, Scarantino, Andrea, Scherer, Klaus R, Stearns, Peter, Stets, Jan E, Tappolet, Christine, Teroni, Fabrice, Tsai, Jeanne, Turner, Jonathan, Reekum, Carien Van, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Wharton, Tim, and Sander, David

Subjects
Humans, Behavior, Affect, Consensus, Cognition, Psychological Theory, Behaviorism, Behavioral and Social Science
Abstract

Research over the past decades has demonstrated the explanatory power of emotions, feelings, motivations, moods, and other affective processes when trying to understand and predict how we think and behave. In this consensus article, we ask: has the increasingly recognized impact of affective phenomena ushered in a new era, the era of affectivism?

Published
2021

7. Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioural neurofeedback studies (CRED-nf checklist).

Author

Paret, Christian, Ossadtchi, Alexei, Nicholson, Andrew, Nan, Wenya, Minguez, Javier, Micoulaud-Franchi, Jean-Arthur, Mehler, David, Lührs, Michael, Lubar, Joel, Lotte, Fabien, Linden, David, Lewis-Peacock, Jarrod, Lebedev, Mikhail, Lanius, Ruth, Kübler, Andrea, Kranczioch, Cornelia, Koush, Yury, Konicar, Lilian, Kohl, Simon, Kober, Silivia, Klados, Manousos, Jeunet, Camille, Janssen, T, Huster, Rene, Hoedlmoser, Kerstin, Hirshberg, Laurence, Heunis, Stephan, Hendler, Talma, Hampson, Michelle, Guggisberg, Adrian, Guggenberger, Robert, Gruzelier, John, Göbel, Rainer, Gninenko, Nicolas, Gharabaghi, Alireza, Frewen, Paul, Fovet, Thomas, Fernández, Thalía, Escolano, Carlos, Ehlis, Ann-Christine, Drechsler, Renate, Christopher deCharms, R, Debener, Stefan, De Ridder, Dirk, Davelaar, Eddy, Congedo, Marco, Cavazza, Marc, Breteler, Marinus, Brandeis, Daniel, Bodurka, Jerzy, Birbaumer, Niels, Bazanova, Olga, Barth, Beatrix, Bamidis, Panagiotis, Auer, Tibor, Arns, Martijn, Thibault, Robert, Ros, Tomas, Enriquez-Geppert, Stefanie, Zotev, Vadim, Young, Kymberly, Wood, Guilherme, Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan, Wan, Feng, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Vialatte, François, Van De Ville, Dimitri, Todder, Doron, Surmeli, Tanju, Sulzer, James, Strehl, Ute, Sterman, Maurice, Steiner, Naomi, Sorger, Bettina, Soekadar, Surjo, Sitaram, Ranganatha, Sherlin, Leslie, Schönenberg, Michael, Scharnowski, Frank, Schabus, Manuel, Rubia, Katya, Rosa, Agostinho, Reiner, Miriam, and Pineda, Jaime

Subjects
checklist, consensus, guidelines, neurofeedback, regulation, Adult, Checklist, Consensus, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurofeedback, Peer Review, Research, Research Design, Stakeholder Participation
Abstract

Neurofeedback has begun to attract the attention and scrutiny of the scientific and medical mainstream. Here, neurofeedback researchers present a consensus-derived checklist that aims to improve the reporting and experimental design standards in the field.

Published
2020

8. Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioural neurofeedback studies (CRED-nf checklist)

Author

Ros, Tomas, Enriquez-Geppert, Stefanie, Zotev, Vadim, Young, Kymberly D, Wood, Guilherme, Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan, Wan, Feng, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Vialatte, François, Van De Ville, Dimitri, Todder, Doron, Surmeli, Tanju, Sulzer, James S, Strehl, Ute, Sterman, Maurice Barry, Steiner, Naomi J, Sorger, Bettina, Soekadar, Surjo R, Sitaram, Ranganatha, Sherlin, Leslie H, Schönenberg, Michael, Scharnowski, Frank, Schabus, Manuel, Rubia, Katya, Rosa, Agostinho, Reiner, Miriam, Pineda, Jaime A, Paret, Christian, Ossadtchi, Alexei, Nicholson, Andrew A, Nan, Wenya, Minguez, Javier, Micoulaud-Franchi, Jean-Arthur, Mehler, David MA, Lührs, Michael, Lubar, Joel, Lotte, Fabien, Linden, David EJ, Lewis-Peacock, Jarrod A, Lebedev, Mikhail A, Lanius, Ruth A, Kübler, Andrea, Kranczioch, Cornelia, Koush, Yury, Konicar, Lilian, Kohl, Simon H, Kober, Silivia E, Klados, Manousos A, Jeunet, Camille, Janssen, TWP, Huster, Rene J, Hoedlmoser, Kerstin, Hirshberg, Laurence M, Heunis, Stephan, Hendler, Talma, Hampson, Michelle, Guggisberg, Adrian G, Guggenberger, Robert, Gruzelier, John H, Göbel, Rainer W, Gninenko, Nicolas, Gharabaghi, Alireza, Frewen, Paul, Fovet, Thomas, Fernández, Thalía, Escolano, Carlos, Ehlis, Ann-Christine, Drechsler, Renate, deCharms, R Christopher, Debener, Stefan, De Ridder, Dirk, Davelaar, Eddy J, Congedo, Marco, Cavazza, Marc, Breteler, Marinus HM, Brandeis, Daniel, Bodurka, Jerzy, Birbaumer, Niels, Bazanova, Olga M, Barth, Beatrix, Bamidis, Panagiotis D, Auer, Tibor, Arns, Martijn, and Thibault, Robert T

Subjects
Mind and Body, Adult, Checklist, Consensus, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurofeedback, Peer Review, Research, Research Design, Stakeholder Participation, neurofeedback, regulation, consensus, checklist, guidelines, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Neurofeedback has begun to attract the attention and scrutiny of the scientific and medical mainstream. Here, neurofeedback researchers present a consensus-derived checklist that aims to improve the reporting and experimental design standards in the field.

Published
2020

12. Better Memory for Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Details Underlies the Enhanced Recollective Experience of Negative Events

Author

Mihaylova, Mariela, Vuilleumier, Patrik, and Rimmele, Ulrike

Abstract

Why we remember emotional events with an increased subjective sense of remembering (SSR) is unclear. SSR for neutral events is linked to memory for various kinds of details. Using the Remember/Know paradigm, participants provided written justifications of their Remember responses indicating what they specifically recollected about a negative or neutral photo seen during encoding. Crucially, Remember responses for negative photos were more often linked to memory for details of the stimuli (intrinsic details) versus details related to external associations (extrinsic details) or emotional reaction at encoding, suggesting that memory for intrinsic details underlies the enhanced SSR of negative stimuli.

Published
2019
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15. Neurofeedback Tunes Scale-Free Dynamics in Spontaneous Brain Activity

Author

Ros, Tomas, Frewen, Paul, Theberge, Jean, Kluetsch, Rosemarie, Mueller, Andreas, Candrian, Gian, Jetly, Rakesh, Vuilleumier, Patrik, and Lanius, Ruth

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Brain oscillations exhibit long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs), which reflect the regularity of their fluctuations: low values representing more random (decorrelated) while high values more persistent (correlated) dynamics. LRTCs constitute supporting evidence that the brain operates near criticality, a state where neuronal activities are balanced between order and randomness. Here, healthy adults used closed-loop brain training (neurofeedback, NFB) to reduce the amplitude of alpha oscillations, producing a significant increase in spontaneous LRTCs post-training. This effect was reproduced in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, where abnormally random dynamics were reversed by NFB, correlating with significant improvements in hyperarousal. Notably, regions manifesting abnormally low LRTCs (i.e., excessive randomness) normalized toward healthy population levels, consistent with theoretical predictions about self-organized criticality. Hence, when exposed to appropriate training, spontaneous cortical activity reveals a residual capacity for "self-tuning" its own temporal complexity, despite manifesting the abnormal dynamics seen in individuals with psychiatric disorder. Lastly, we observed an inverse-U relationship between strength of LRTC and oscillation amplitude, suggesting a breakdown of long-range dependence at high/low synchronization extremes, in line with recent computational models. Together, our findings offer a broader mechanistic framework for motivating research and clinical applications of NFB, encompassing disorders with perturbed LRTCs.

Published
2015
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21. The Age-Well randomized controlled trial of the Medit-Ageing European project: Effect of meditation or foreign language training on brain and mental health in older adults

Author

Poisnel, Géraldine, Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider, Collette, Fabienne, Klimecki, Olga M., Marchant, Natalie L., Wirth, Miranka, de La Sayette, Vincent, Rauchs, Géraldine, Salmon, Eric, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Frison, Eric, Maillard, Aline, Vivien, Denis, Lutz, Antoine, and Chételat, Gaël

Published
2018
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22. The SCD-Well randomized controlled trial: Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention versus health education on mental health in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD)

Author

Ashton, Nicholas, Allais, Florence, Asselineau, Julien, Bachelet, Romain, Belleoud, Viviane, Benson, Clara, Bosch, Beatriz, Botton, Maelle, Casanova, Maria Pilar, Chocat, Anne, Delphin, Floriane, Demnitz-King, Harriet, Egret, Stéphanie, Gonneaud, Julie, Hye, Abdul, Philippe, Agathe Joret, La Joie, Renaud, Leon, Maria, Meiberth, Dix, Milz, Ester, Mueller, Hendrik, Mueller, Theresa, Ourry, Valentin, Ramirez, Alfredo, Rauchs, Géraldine, Reyrolle, Leslie, Richert, Laura, Salinero, Ana, Salmon, Eric, Sannemann, Lena, Satgunasingam, Yamna, Schlosser, Marco, Schwimmer, Christine, Steinhauser, Hilde, Tomadesso, Clémence, Vivien, Denis, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Wallet, Cédrick, Whitfield, Tim, Wingrove, Janet, Marchant, Natalie L., Barnhofer, Thorsten, Klimecki, Olga M., Poisnel, Géraldine, Lutz, Antoine, Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider, Collette, Fabienne, Wirth, Miranka, Schild, Ann-Katrin, Coll-Padrós, Nina, Horney, Deborah, Krolak-Salmon, Pierre, Molinuevo, José Luis, Walker, Zuzana, Maillard, Aline, Frison, Eric, Jessen, Frank, and Chételat, Gael

Published
2018
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41. Dynamic functional connectivity patterns associated with dementia risk

Author

Dautricourt, Sophie, Gonneaud, Julie, Landeau, Brigitte, Calhoun, Vince D., de Flores, Robin, Poisnel, Géraldine, Bougacha, Salma, Ourry, Valentin, Touron, Edelweiss, Kuhn, Elizabeth, Demintz-King, Harriet, Marchant, Natalie L., Vivien, Denis, de la Sayette, Vincent, Lutz, Antoine, Chételat, Gaël, Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider M., Allais, Florence, André, Claire, Asselineau, Julien, Bejanin, Alexandre, Champetier, Pierre, Chocat, Anne, Delarue, Marion, Egret, Stéphanie, Felisatti, Francesca, Devouge, Eglantine Ferrand, Frison, Eric, Heidmann, Marc, Tran, Thien Huong, le Du, Gwendoline, Lefranc, Valérie, Mezenge, Florence, Moulinet, Inès, Palix, Cassandre, Paly, Léo, Quillard, Anne, Rauchs, Géraldine, Rehel, Stéphane, Requier, Florence, Ware, Caitlin, Lugo, Sebastian Baez, Klimecki, Olga, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Barnhofer, Thorsten, Collette, Fabienne, Salmon, Eric, Delamillieure, Pascal, Batchelor, Martine, Beaugonin, Axel, Gheysen, Francis, Demnitz-King, Harriet, Marchant, Natalie, Whitfield, Tim, Schimmer, Corinne, and Wirth, Miranka

Subjects
Brain Mapping, Neurology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain, Humans, Dementia, Neurology (clinical), Cholesterol, LDL, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Aged
Abstract

Background This study assesses the relationships between dynamic functional network connectivity (DFNC) and dementia risk. Methods DFNC of the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), and executive control networks was assessed in 127 cognitively unimpaired older adults. Stepwise regressions were performed with dementia risk and protective factors and biomarkers as predictors of DFNC. Results Associations were found between times spent in (i) a “weakly connected” state and lower self-reported engagement in early- and mid-life cognitive activity and higher LDL cholesterol; (ii) a “SN-negatively connected” state and higher blood pressure, higher depression score, and lower body mass index (BMI); (iii) a “strongly connected” state and higher self-reported engagement in early-life cognitive activity, Preclinical Alzheimer’s cognitive composite-5 score, and BMI; and (iv) a “DMN-negatively connected” state and higher self-reported engagement in early- and mid-life stimulating activities and lower LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. The lower number of state transitions was associated with lower brain perfusion. Conclusion DFNC states are differentially associated with dementia risk and could underlie reserve.

Published
2022

42. Effects of a mindfulness-based versus a health self-management intervention on objective cognitive performance in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): a secondary analysis of the SCD-Well randomized controlled trial

Author

Whitfield, Tim, Demnitz-King, Harriet, Klimecki, Olga M, Lutz, Antoine, Paly, Léo, Salmon, Eric, Schild, Ann-Katrin, Walker, Zuzana, Jessen, Frank, Chételat, Gaël, Collette, Fabienne, Wirth, Miranka, Schlosser, Marco, Marchant, Natalie L, Group, Medit-Ageing Research, Michon, Amélie, Sanchez-Valle, Raquel, Schwars, Claudia, Lai, Cindy, Coueron, Roxane, Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider M, Poisnel, Géraldine, Delphin-Combe, Floriane, Barnhofer, Thorsten, Asselineau, Julien, Krolak-Salmon, Pierre, Molinuevo, José Luis, Allais, Florence, Bachelet, Romain, Belleoud, Viviane, Benson, Clara, Bosch, Beatriz, Casanova, Maria Pilar, Espérou, Hélène, Frison, Eric, Goldet, Karine, Hamdidouche, Idir, Leon, Maria, Meiberth, Dix, Mueller, Hendrik, Mueller, Theresa, Ourry, Valentin, Reyrolle, Leslie, Salinero, Ana, Sannemann, Lena, Coll-Padros, Nina, Satgunasingam, Yamna, Steinhauser, Hilde, Vuilleumier, Patrik, Wallet, Cédrick, Wingrove, Janet, Dautricourt, Sophie, Requier, Florence, Delarue, Marion, and Gonneaud, Julie

Subjects
Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, Self-Management, Neuropsychological Tests, prevention & control [Dementia], Cognition, Neurology, Randomized controlled trial, Compassion, Humans, Subjective cognitive decline, Cognitive Dysfunction, Dementia, Female, Neurology (clinical), ddc:610, psychology [Cognitive Dysfunction], Mindfulness, Aged
Abstract

BackgroundOlder individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) perceive that their cognition has declined but do not show objective impairment on neuropsychological tests. Individuals with SCD are at elevated risk of objective cognitive decline and incident dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions (including mindfulness-based and health self-management approaches) are a potential strategy to maintain or improve cognition in SCD, which may ultimately reduce dementia risk.MethodsThis study utilized data from the SCD-Well randomized controlled trial. One hundred forty-seven older adults with SCD (MAge= 72.7 years; 64% female) were recruited from memory clinics in four European countries and randomized to one of two group-based, 8-week interventions: a Caring Mindfulness-based Approach for Seniors (CMBAS) or a health self-management program (HSMP). Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention (week 8), and at 6-month follow-up (week 24) using a range of cognitive tests. From these tests, three composites were derived—an “abridged” Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite 5 (PACC5Abridged), an attention composite, and an executive function composite. Both per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses were performed. Linear mixed models evaluated the change in outcomes between and within arms and adjusted for covariates and cognitive retest effects. Sensitivity models repeated the per-protocol analyses for participants who attended ≥ 4 intervention sessions.ResultsAcross all cognitive composites, there were no significant time-by-trial arm interactions and no measurable cognitive retest effects; sensitivity analyses supported these results. Improvements, however, were observed within both trial arms on the PACC5Abridgedfrom baseline to follow-up (Δ [95% confidence interval]: CMBAS = 0.34 [0.19, 0.48]; HSMP = 0.30 [0.15, 0.44]). There was weaker evidence of an improvement in attention but no effects on executive function.ConclusionsTwo non-pharmacological interventions conferred small, non-differing improvements to a global cognitive composite sensitive to amyloid-beta-related decline. There was weaker evidence of an effect on attention, and no evidence of an effect on executive function. Importantly, observed improvements were maintained beyond the end of the interventions. Improving cognition is an important step toward dementia prevention, and future research is needed to delineate the mechanisms of action of these interventions and to utilize clinical endpoints (i.e., progression to mild cognitive impairment or dementia).Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03005652.

Published
2022

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