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1. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Characteristics of Antibiotic Streptofungin

Author

Vitalii Klochko, Tetiana Todosiichuk, Wu Lin, Oksana Kobzysta, and Vitaly Bobyr

Subjects
antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, antibiotics, pathogens, antimicrobial substances, streptomycetes, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background. Streptomycetes were and remain a source of new antimicrobial compounds of various nature. A new wave of interest in such research is associated with the possibilities of applied genomics to reveal the hidden biosynthetic potential of streptomycetes, and therefore the discovery of new practically valuable antimicrobial products. The problem of antibiotic resistance of pathogens can be solved by creating compositions of active substances of different nature to overcome the protective mechanisms of pathogens. Objective. The purpose of the work was to establish and evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic characteristics of the new antibiotic streptofungin, synthesized by Streptomyces albus 2435 (CMIM-S-668) and its mutant strains 2435/М, UN44, 4S, US101, AE6, 105, 80/5. Methods. To establish the characteristics of streptofungin, the antagonistic activity of selected S. albus producer strains was determined (by the radial streak method), the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic (by the serial dilution method), and cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT test with resazurin. Results. The activity of the antibiotic streptofungin against Candida fungi (C. albicans, C. utilis) is shown. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of streptofungin were determined for C. albicans ATCC 10231 (10 μg/ml), B. subtilis ATCC 6633 (200 μg/ml) and P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (500 μg/ml). According to the resazurin test, streptofungin does not show a cytotoxic effect in a wide range of concentrations from 2.5 to 500 μg/ml, and therefore can be considered potentially permissible for humans and animals in the studied concentrations. Conclusions. The antagonistic activity of mutant strains of S. albus culture is due to the action of a complex of antimicrobial products that have a different antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action. The obtained results give reasons to consider streptofungin as a promising pharmaceutical substance with antifungal action, as well as to consider the possibility of its combination with the bacteriolytic enzyme complex of the same culture for the development of an antimicrobial agent with a wide spectrum of action.

Published
2023
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2. The Biosynthesis of Antibiotics as a Taxonomic Marker of Some Species of the Genus Pseudomonas

Author

Vitalii Klochko

Subjects
medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Pseudomonas, General Medicine, Genus Pseudomonas, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Pyrrolnitrin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pyocyanin, chemistry, Biosynthesis, medicine, Taxonomy (biology), Bacteria
Abstract

Background. The ability to biosynthesis of antibiotics was established for 20 of 250 species of Pseudomonas . The value of the biosynthesis of antibiotics as a taxonomic characteristic for the genus Pseudomonas is not studied. This issue will be analyzed using the experimental results. Оbjective. The aim of the paper is to identify the ability of usage of antibiotics synthesized by certain types of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas , as a taxonomic marker. Methods. Methods of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and LC/MS-analysis were used to determine the synthesis of antibiotics. Results. A unique set of antibiotics was determined for some types of bacteria Pseudomonas, which are specific for them only: pyocyanin – P. aeruginosa , 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol – P. brassicacearum , 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carbo­xylic acid – P. chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens , pyrrolnitrin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol – P. protegens , batumin – P. batumici . Conclusions. The ability to synthesize certain antibiotic substances may serve as a taxonomic marker and be used to identify certain species of Pseudomonas . However, the biosynthesis of antibiotics did not show specificity for several species. This problem requires a deeper study of different types of Pseudomonas .

Published
2017

3. Peculiarities of Alteromonas macleodii strains reflects their deep/surface habitation rather than geographical distribution

Author

Vitalii, Klochko, Liubov, Zelena, Sergei, IVoychuk, and Andriy, Ostapchuk

Subjects
Microscopy, Electron, Genetics, Population, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Genetic, Polysaccharides, Oceans and Seas, Fatty Acids, Cluster Analysis, Seawater, Alteromonas, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ecosystem, Bacterial Typing Techniques
Abstract

The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic peculiarities of 5 deep strains of Alteromonas macleodii (isolated from Adriatic and Ionian Sea water from a depth of 1,000-3,500 m) and 5 strains of the same species isolated from the surface layer of Aegean, Andaman, Black Sea and Atlantic Ocean water near the British shore have been studied. Electron microscopy has shown that the deep strains' cells were, on average, two times longer (2.1±0.2×0.7±0.1 µm) than the surface strains' (1.1±0.1×0.6±0.1 µm). Using fatty acid analysis (particularly the mono-unsaturated C16:1 and C18:1 fatty acids contents) the deep and surface isolates were clearly separated into two clusters. Distinctions between them were also found in different lectin binding capacity, which is probably determined by the structure of their extracellular polysaccharide matrix. Analysis of the results of PCR with primers to repeated nucleotide sequences revealed a higher level of genetic polymorphism in surface strains in comparison with the deep isolates. This division was confirmed by the cluster analysis method though it was not as clear as in the fatty acids analysis. The described peculiarities are probably reflective of specific conditions in which A. macleodii strains live on the surface or in the depth of the world's oceans.

Published
2012

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