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A high specific capacity conducting reduced graphene oxide nanosulfur nanocomposite (RGOSNC) cathode is synthesized via deposition of nanosulfur on graphene oxide (GO) through the hydrothermal treatment in the presence of multifaceted ethylenediamine (EDA) for improving the performance of lithium‐sulfur battery (LiSB). The maximum utilization of active material (sulfur) is facilitated by the attachment of nanosulfur to GO via EDA, and further, optimum reduction of GO into conducting, porous and interconnected RGO is performed via hydrothermal treatment in the available solution having residual EDA. Therefore, GO is reduced in highly conducting RGO without the use of any external reducing agent; minimizing the chance of impurity in the synthesized RGOSNC. A three‐dimensional interconnected porous conducting architecture with nitrogen (heteroatom) doping in RGO of RGOSNC with conductivity ∼1.83 S/cm assists easy electron transportation through conducting RGO network and stabilizes intermediate polysulfide to prevent loss of active material during the electrochemical performance. The synthesized RGOSNC cathode material delivers high initial specific capacities 1448 and 1040 mAh/g at 0.1 and 0.5 C, respectively. Prepared LiSB maintains ∼741 mAh/g retention over 100 cycles at 0.5 C with excellent Coulombic efficiency (∼99%).

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (HFP) nanocomposites with layered silicate have been synthesized via the melt extrusion route. The intriguing nanostructure, crystalline structure, morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites have been studied and compared critically with pristine polymer. HFP forms intercalated or partially exfoliated nanostructure (or both) in the presence of nanoclay, depending on its concentration. The bombardment of high-energy swift, heavy ions (SHI) on HFP and its nanocomposites has been explored in a wide range of fluence. The nanoclay induces the piezoelectric beta-phase in bulk HFP, and the structure remains intact upon SHI irradiation. SHI irradiation degrades pure polymer, but the degradation is suppressed radically in nanocomposites. The heat of fusion of pristine HFP has drastically been reduced upon SHI irradiation, whereas there are relatively minute changes in nanocomposites. The coarsening on the surface and bulk of HFP and its nanocomposite films upon SHI irradiation has been measured quantitatively by using atomic force microscopy. The degradation has been considerably suppressed in nanocomposites through cross-linking of polymer chains, providing a suitable high-energy, radiation-resistant polymeric material. A mechanism for this behavior originating from the swelling test and gel fraction (chemical cross-linking) as a result of SHI irradiation has been illustrated.