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1. Observation of superconductivity in a nontrivial $\mathcal{Z}_2$ approximant quasicrystal

Author

Meena, Pavan Kumar, Verma, Rahul, Arushi, Jangid, Sonika, Kushwaha, Roshan Kumar, Stewart, Rhea, Hillier, Adrian D., Singh, Bahadur, and Singh, Ravi Prakash

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Superconductivity and nontrivial topology are highly sought-after phenomena in quantum materials. While many topological crystalline materials have been found to exhibit superconductivity, their presence in quasicrystals - materials with a unique aperiodic yet ordered structure - has remained largely unexplored. In this work, we report the discovery of superconductivity in a monoclinic approximant to the decagonal quasicrystal Al$_{13}$Os$_{4}$, that exhibits a high superconducting transition temperature and a nontrivial electronic structure. The resistivity, magnetization, specific heat, and $\mu$SR measurements confirm superconductivity with a critical temperature of $\sim5.47$ K. Detailed electronic structure and symmetry analysis reveal nontrivial state with $\mathcal{Z}_{2}=1$ and spin-polarized conducting surface states. Importantly, we identify three-dimensional saddle point van Hove singularities with substantial flat energy dispersion at the Fermi level, which can enhance superconductivity. Our results highlight a rich interplay between superconductivity and nontrivial electronic states in Al$_{13}$Os$_{4}$, demonstrating it as a unique platform for exploring unconventional superconducting states in quasicrystalline materials., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

3. Monte-Carlo Study Of Higher-Order Cumulants of Net-Particle Distributions in $p+p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

Author

M, Abdussamad, Verma, Rahul, Behera, Nirbhay Kumar, Dash, Sadhana, and Nandi, Basanta Kumar

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Measurement of higher order cumulants of the distributions of conserved quantities, like net-charge, net-baryon and net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, is proposed as a sensitive tool to determine the freeze-out parameters and the nature of phase transitions at the LHC energies. Baseline measurements for heavy-ion collisions are essential to understand the experimental measurements. Recently, several experimental observations have shown some QGP-like scenarios in small systems (pp collisions). We report the first Monte-Carlo study of the measurements of cumulants and their ratios for net-charge, net-hadron, net-kaon, net-baryon, and net-proton distributions in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV using pQCD models like Pythia8 and Herwig. We also discuss the effect of different particle production mechanisms on the higher-order cumulants. This simulation study will serve as a baseline for future measurements at the LHC. Furthermore, it will shed more light on the measurement of cumulants and the connection between small systems and heavy-ion collisions at the LHC., Comment: 18 Pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

4. Atomically thin obstructed atomic insulators with robust edge modes and quantized spin Hall effect

Author

Verma, Rahul, Huang, Shin-Ming, and Singh, Bahadur

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Symmetry-protected edge states serve as direct evidence of nontrivial electronic topology in atomically thin materials. Finding these states in experimentally realizable single-phase materials presents a substantial challenge for their use in fundamental studies and developing functional nanoscale devices. Here, we show the presence of robust edge states in phosphorene and group-Va monolayers with puckered lattice structures. By carefully analyzing the symmetry of the atomic sites and edge mode properties, we demonstrate that these atomically thin monolayers realize recently introduced obstructed atomic insulator states with partially occupied edge modes. The obstructed edge modes attain a Rashba-type spin splitting with Rashba parameter ($\alpha$) of 1.52 eV \r{A} for arsenene. Under strain or doping effects, these obstructed insulators transition to a phase with substantial spin-Berry curvature, yielding a double quantum spin Hall state with a spin Hall conductivity $\approx 4 \frac{e^2}{h}$. The experimental availability of phosphorene and other group-Va monolayers could enable verification of obstructed atomic states and enhanced spin-Berry curvature effects discussed in this study, offering the potential for applications in topological electronic and spintronic devices.

Published
2024
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5. Study of identified particle production as a function of transverse event activity classifier, $S_{T}$ in p$-$p collisions

Author

Verma, Rahul, Saini, Vishu, Nandi, Basanta, and Dash, Sadhana

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

A new observable, $S_{T}$, is introduced in terms of the sum of the transverse momentum of charged particles ($\sum_{i} p_{T_{i}}$ ) produced in proton proton (p$-$p) collisions at LHC energies to probe the underlying events (UE). The UE are defined as those aspects of proton-proton collisions that are not attributed to the primary hard scattering process, but rather to the accompanying interactions of the rest of the proton. The conventional approach of studying underlying events is usually carried out by defining topological regions with respect to the leading particle in an event. The transverse region is generally sensitive to UE and various classifiers have been used to discriminate the extent of UE activity regions. The production of identified particles like $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, p , $K_{S}^{0}$, and $\Lambda^{0}$ are studied in different ranges of transverse activity classifier in p$-$p collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 $ TeV using pQCD inspired PYTHIA 8 event generator. A comparative analysis of the identified particle spectra, mean multiplicity and mean transverse momentum has been carried out with respect to $S_{T}$ and the performance of this new observable is gauged by comparing the results with previously defined $R_{T}$ observable.

Published
2024

10. Evidence of electron correlation induced kink in Dirac bands in a non-symmorphic Kondo lattice system, CeAgSb2

Author

Datta, Sawani, Ali, Khadiza, Verma, Rahul, Singh, Bahadur, Dash, Saroj P., Thamizhavel, A., and Maiti, Kalobaran

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We study the behavior of Dirac fermions in the presence of electron correlation in a nonsymmorphic Kondo lattice system, CeAgSb2 employing high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. Experiments reveal crossings of highly dispersive linear bands at the Brillouin zone boundary due to non-symmorphic symmetry. In addition, anisotropic Dirac cones are observed constituted by the squarenet Sb 5p states forming a diamond-shaped nodal line. The Dirac bands are linear in a wide energy range with a unusually high slope and exhibit distinct Dirac point in this highly spin-orbit coupled system. Interestingly, the linearity of the bands are preserved even after the hybridization of these states with the local Ce 4f states, which leads to a small reduction of slope via formation of a 'kink'. These results seed the emergence of an area of robust topological fermions even in presence of strong correlation., Comment: 4 figures

Published
2023

11. Exposing nontrivial flat bands and superconducting pairing in infinite-layer nickelates

Author

Zhang, Ruiqi, Huang, Cheng-Yi, Kargarian, Mehdi, Verma, Rahul, Markiewicz, Robert S., Bansil, Arun, Sun, Jianwei, and Singh, Bahadur

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Flat bands coupled with magnetism and topological orders near or at the Fermi level are well known to drive exotic correlation physics and unconventional superconductivity. Here, based on first-principles modeling combined with an in-depth symmetry analysis, we reveal the presence of topological flat bands involving low-energy Ni-$3d_{z^2}$ states in the recently discovered superconductor LaNiO$_{2}$. Our analysis demonstrates that LaNiO$_2$ is an Axion insulator with $\mathbb{Z}_{4} = 2$ and that it supports topological crystalline insulating states protected by the glide mirror symmetries. The topological flat bands in LaNiO$_{2}$ are also shown to host odd-parity superconductivity. Our study indicates that the nickelates would provide an interesting materials platform for exploring the interplay of flat bands, topological states, and superconductivity., Comment: 8, 3 figures, 1 table

Published
2023

12. Unconventional superconducting pairing in a B20 Kramers Weyl semimetal

Author

Mardanya, Sougata, Kargarian, Mehdi, Verma, Rahul, Chang, Tay-Rong, Chowdhury, Sugata, Lin, Hsin, Bansil, Arun, Agarwal, Amit, and Singh, Bahadur

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Topological superconductors present an ideal platform for exploring nontrivial superconductivity and realizing Majorana boundary modes in materials. However, finding a single-phase topological material with nontrivial superconducting states is a challenge. Here, we predict nontrivial superconductivity in the pristine chiral metal RhGe with a transition temperature of 5.8 K. Chiral symmetries in RhGe enforce multifold Weyl fermions at high-symmetry momentum points and spin-polarized Fermi arc states that span the whole surface Brillouin zone. These bulk and surface chiral states support multiple type-II van Hove singularities that enhance superconductivity in RhGe. Our detailed analysis of superconducting pairing symmetries involving Chiral Fermi pockets in RhGe, indicates the presence of nontrivial superconducting pairing. Our study establishes RhGe as a promising candidate material for hosting mixed-parity pairing and topological superconductivity., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

13. Topological nonsymmorphic insulator versus Dirac semimetal in KZnBi

Author

Verma, Rahul, Patra, Bikash, and Singh, Bahadur

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

KZnBi was discovered recently as a new three-dimensional Dirac semimetal with a pair of bulk Dirac fermions in contrast to the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ trivial insulator reported earlier. In order to address this discrepancy, we have performed electronic structure and topological state analysis of KZnBi using the local, semilocal, and hybrid exchange-correlation (XC) functionals within the density functional theory framework. We find that various XC functionals, including the SCAN meta-GGA and hybrid functional with 25\% Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange (HSE06), resolve a topological nonsymmorphic insulator state with the glide-mirror protected hourglass surface Dirac fermions. By carefully tuning the XC strength in modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) potential, we recover the correct orbital ordering and Dirac semimetal state of KZnBi. We further show that increasing the default HF exchange in hybrid functional ($> 40\%$) can also capture the desired Dirac semimetal state with the correct orbital ordering of KZnBi. The calculated energy dispersion and carrier velocities of Dirac states are found to be in excellent agreement with the available experimental results. Our results demonstrate that KZnBi is a unique topological material where large XC effects are crucial to producing the Dirac semimetal state.

Published
2023
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14. Role of effective mass anisotropy in realizing a hybrid nodal-line fermion state

Author

Patra, Bikash, Verma, Rahul, Huang, Shin-Ming, and Singh, Bahadur

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Understanding the role of lattice geometry in shaping topological states and their properties is of fundamental importance to condensed matter and device physics. Here we demonstrate how an anisotropic crystal lattice drives a topological hybrid nodal line in transition metal tetraphosphides $Tm$P$_4$ ($Tm$ = Transition metal). $Tm$P$_4$ constitutes a unique class of black phosphorus materials formed by intercalating transition metal ions between the phosphorus layers without destroying the characteristic anisotropic band structure of the black phosphorous. Based on the first-principles calculations and $k \cdot p$ theory, we show that $Tm$P$_4$ harbor a single hybrid nodal line formed between oppositely-oriented anisotropic $Tm~d$ and P states unhinged from the high-symmetry planes. The nodal line consists of both type-I and type-II nodal band crossings whose nature and location are determined by the effective-mass anisotropies of the intersecting bands. We further discuss a possible topological phase transition to exemplify the formation of the hybrid nodal line state in $Tm$P$_4$. Our results offer a comprehensive study for understanding the interplay between structural motifs-driven mass anisotropies and topology in anisotropic lattice materials to realize hybrid semimetal states.

Published
2023
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15. MLRegTest: A Benchmark for the Machine Learning of Regular Languages

Author

van der Poel, Sam, Lambert, Dakotah, Kostyszyn, Kalina, Gao, Tiantian, Verma, Rahul, Andersen, Derek, Chau, Joanne, Peterson, Emily, Clair, Cody St., Fodor, Paul, Shibata, Chihiro, and Heinz, Jeffrey

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Abstract

Synthetic datasets constructed from formal languages allow fine-grained examination of the learning and generalization capabilities of machine learning systems for sequence classification. This article presents a new benchmark for machine learning systems on sequence classification called MLRegTest, which contains training, development, and test sets from 1,800 regular languages. Different kinds of formal languages represent different kinds of long-distance dependencies, and correctly identifying long-distance dependencies in sequences is a known challenge for ML systems to generalize successfully. MLRegTest organizes its languages according to their logical complexity (monadic second order, first order, propositional, or monomial expressions) and the kind of logical literals (string, tier-string, subsequence, or combinations thereof). The logical complexity and choice of literal provides a systematic way to understand different kinds of long-distance dependencies in regular languages, and therefore to understand the capacities of different ML systems to learn such long-distance dependencies. Finally, the performance of different neural networks (simple RNN, LSTM, GRU, transformer) on MLRegTest is examined. The main conclusion is that performance depends significantly on the kind of test set, the class of language, and the neural network architecture., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Machine Learning Research. Dataset available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm4h , code available at https://github.com/heinz-jeffrey/subregular-learning

Published
2023

16. Stripe Helical Magnetism and Two Regimes of Anomalous Hall Effect in NdAlGe

Author

Yang, Hung-Yu, Gaudet, Jonathan, Verma, Rahul, Baidya, Santu, Bahrami, Faranak, Yao, Xiaohan, Huang, Cheng-Yi, DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa, Aczel, Adam A., Xu, Guangyong, Lin, Hsin, Bansil, Arun, Singh, Bahadur, and Tafti, Fazel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We report the magnetic and electronic transport properties of the inversion and time-reversal symmetry breaking Weyl semimetal NdAlGe. This material is analogous to NdAlSi, whose helical magnetism presents a rare example of a Weyl-mediated collective phenomenon, but with a larger spin-orbit coupling. Our neutron diffraction experiments revealed that NdAlGe, similar to NdAlSi, supports an incommensurate Ising spin density wave ($T_{\text{inc}}=6.8$ K) with a small helical spin canting of 3$^\circ$ and a long-wavelength of $\sim$ 35 nm, which transitions to a commensurate ferrimagnetic state below $T_{\text{com}}=5.1$ K. Using small-angle neutron scattering, we showed that the zero-field cooled ferrimagnetic domains form stripes in real space with characteristic length scales of 18 nm and 72 nm parallel and perpendicular to the [110] direction, respectively. Interestingly, for the transport properties, NdAlSi does not exhibit an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) that is commonly observed in magnetic Weyl semimetals. In contrast to NdAlSi, we identify two different AHE regimes in NdAlGe that are respectively governed by intrinsic Berry curvature and extrinsic disorders/spin fluctuations. Our study suggests that Weyl-mediated magnetism prevails in this group of noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetals NdAl$X$, but transport properties including AHE are affected by material-specific extrinsic effects such as disorders, despite the presence of prominent Berry curvature., Comment: Preprint, 16 pages, 6 main figures, 6 supplementary figures

Published
2023
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17. Fast electrically switchable large gap quantum spin Hall states in MGe$_2$Z$_4$

Author

Islam, Rajibul, Hussain, Ghulam, Verma, Rahul, Talezadehlari, Mohammad Sadegh, Muhammad, Zahir, Singh, Bahadur, and Autieri, Carmine

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Spin-polarized conducting edge currents counterpropagate in quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators and are protected against disorder-driven localizations by the time-reversal symmetry. Using these spin-currents for device applications require materials having large band gap and fast switchable QSH states. By means of in-depth first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the large band gap and fast switchable QSH state in a newly introduced two-dimensional (2D) material family with 1T$^\prime$-MGe$_2$Z$_4$ (M = Mo or W and Z = P or As). The thermodynamically stable 1T$^\prime$-MoGe$_2$Z$_4$ monolayers have a large energy gap around $\sim$237 meV. These materials undergo a phase transition from a QSH insulator to a trivial insulator with a Rashba-like spin splitting under the influence of an out-of-plane electric field, demonstrating the tunability of the band gap and its band topology. Fast topological phase switching in a large gap 1T$^\prime$-MoGe$_2$Z$_4$ QSH insulators has potential applications in low-power devices, quantum computation, and quantum communication.

Published
2022
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18. Switchable large-gap quantum spin Hall state in two-dimensional MSi$_2$Z$_4$ materials class

Author

Islam, Rajibul, Verma, Rahul, Ghosh, Barun, Muhammad, Zahir, Bansil, Arun, Autieri, Carmine, and Singh, Bahadur

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators exhibit spin-polarized conducting edge states that are topologically protected from backscattering and offer unique opportunities for addressing fundamental science questions and device applications. Finding viable materials that host such topological states, however, remains a challenge. Here by using in-depth first-principles theoretical modeling, we predict large bandgap QSH insulators in recently bottom-up synthesized two-dimensional (2D) MSi$_2$Z$_4$ (M = Mo or W and Z = P or As) materials family with $1T^\prime$ structure. A structural distortion in the $2H$ phase drives a band inversion between the metal (Mo/W) $d$ and $p$ states of P/As to realize spinless Dirac cone states without spin-orbit coupling. When spin-orbit coupling is included, a hybridization gap as large as $\sim 204$ meV opens up at the band crossing points, realizing spin-polarized conducting edge states with nearly quantized spin Hall conductivity. We also show that the inverted band gap is tunable with a vertical electric field which drives a topological phase transition from the QSH to a trivial insulator with Rashba-like edge states. Our study identifies 2D MSi$_2$Z$_4$ materials family with $1T^\prime$ structure as large bandgap, tunable QSH insulators with protected spin-polarized edge states and large spin-Hall conductivity., Comment: 7 Pages, 6 Figures, SM is not included

Published
2022
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19. Topological spiral magnetism in the Weyl semimetal SmAlSi

Author

Gaudet, Xiaohan Yao Jonathan, Verma, Rahul, Graf, David E., Yang, Hung-Yu, Bahrami, Faranak, Zhang, Ruiqi, Aczel, Adam A., Subedi, Sujan, Torchinsky, Darius H., Sun, Jianwei, Bansil, Arun, Huang, Shin-Ming, Singh, Bahadur, Nikolic, Predrag, Blaha, Peter, and Tafti, Fazel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Weyl electrons are intensely studied due to novel charge transport phenomena such as chiral anomaly, Fermi arcs, and photogalvanic effect. Recent theoretical works suggest that Weyl electrons can also participate in magnetic interactions, and the Weyl-mediated indirect exchange coupling between local moments is proposed as a new mechanism of spiral magnetism that involves chiral electrons. Despite reports of incommensurate and non-collinear magnetic ordering in Weyl semimetals, an actual spiral order has remained hitherto undetected. Here, we present evidence of Weyl-mediated spiral magnetism in SmAlSi from neutron diffraction, transport, and thermodynamic data. We show that the spiral order in SmAlSi results from the nesting between topologically non-trivial Fermi pockets and weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy, unlike related materials (Ce,Pr,Nd)AlSi, where a strong anisotropy prevents the spins from freely rotating. We map the magnetic phase diagram of SmAlSi and reveal an A-phase where topological magnetic excitations may exist. This is corroborated by the observation of a topological Hall effect within the A-phase., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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21. Orthorhombic charge density wave on the tetragonal lattice of EuAl4

Author

Ramakrishnan, Sitaram, Kotla, Surya Rohith, Rekis, Toms, Bao, Jin-Ke, Eisele, Claudio, Noohinejad, Leila, Tolkiehn, Martin, Paulmann, Carsten, Singh, Birender, Verma, Rahul, Bag, Biplab, Kulkarni, Ruta, Thamizhavel, Arumugam, Singh, Bahadur, Ramakrishnan, Srinivasan, and van Smaalen, Sander

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

EuAl4 possesses the BaAl4 crystal structure type with tetragonal symmetry I4/mmm. It undergoes a charge-density-wave (CDW) transition at TCDW = 145 K and it features four consecutive antiferromagnetic phase transitions below 16 K. Here, we use single-crystal x-ray diffraction to determine incommensurately modulated crystal structure of EuAl4 in its CDW state. The CDW is shown to be incommensurate with modulation wave vector q = (0, 0, 0.1781(3)) at 70 K. The symmetry of the incommensurately modulated crystal structure is orthorhombic with superspace group Fmmm(00{\sigma})s00, where Fmmm is a subgroup of I4/mmm of index 2. Both the lattice and the atomic coordinates of the basic structure remain tetragonal. Symmetry breaking is entirely due to the modulation wave, where atoms Eu and Al1 have displacements exclusively along a, while the fourfold rotation would require equal displacement amplitudes along a and b. The calculated band structure of the basic structure and interatomic distances in the modulated crystal structure both indicate the aluminum atoms as location of the CDW. The temperature dependence of the specific heat reveals an anomaly at TCDW = 145 K of a magnitude similar to canonical CDW systems. The present discovery of orthorhombic symmetry for the CDW state of EuAl4 leads to the suggestion of monoclinic instead of orthorhombic symmetry for the third AFM state.

Published
2022
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23. Behavior of gapped and ungapped Dirac cones in an antiferromagnetic topological metal, SmBi

Author

Sakhya, Anup Pradhan, Kumar, Shiv, Pramanik, Arindam, Pandeya, Ram Prakash, Verma, Rahul, Singh, Bahadur, Datta, Sawani, Sasmal, Souvik, Mondal, Rajib, Schwier, Eike F., Shimada, Kenya, Thamizhavel, A., and Maiti, Kalobaran

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We studied the behavior of nontrivial Dirac fermion states in an antiferromagnetic metal SmBi using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The experimental results exhibit multiple Fermi pockets around $\overline{\Gamma}$ and $\overline{M}$ points along with a band inversion in the spectrum along the $\overline{\Gamma}$-$\overline{M}$ line consistent with the density functional theory results. In addition, ARPES data reveal Dirac cones at $\overline{\Gamma}$ and $\overline{M}$ points within the energy gap of the bulk bands. The Dirac cone at $\overline{M}$ exhibit a distinct Dirac point and is intense in the high photon energy data while the Dirac cone at $\overline{\Gamma}$ is intense at low photon energies. Employing ultra-high-resolution ARPES, we discover destruction of a Fermi surface constituted by the surface states across the Ne\'{e}l temperature of 9 K. Interestingly, the Dirac cone at $\overline{\Gamma}$ is found to be gapped at 15 K and the behavior remains similar across the magnetic transition. These results reveal complex momentum dependent gap formation and fermi surface destruction across magnetic transition in an exotic correlated topological material; the interplay between magnetism and topology in this system calls for ideas beyond existing theoretical models., Comment: 5 figures

Published
2021
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26. Damage Detection in Bridge Structures: An Edge Computing Approach

Author

Verma, Rahul Kumar, Pattanaik, K. K., Dissanayake, P. B. R., Dammika, A. J., Buddika, H. A. D. Samith, and Kaloop, Mosbeh R.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

Wireless sensor network (WSN) based SHM systems have shown significant improvement as compared to traditional wired-SHM systems in terms of cost, accuracy, and reliability of the monitoring. However, due to the resource-constrained nature of the sensor nodes, it is a challenge to process a large amount of sensed vibration data in real-time. Existing mechanisms of data processing are centralized and use cloud or remote servers to analyze the data to characterize the state of the bridge, i.e., healthy or damaged. These methods are feasible for wired-SHM systems, however, transmitting huge data-sets in WSNs has been found to be arduous. In this paper, we propose a mechanism named as ``in-network damage detection on edge (INDDE)" which extracts the statistical features from raw acceleration measurements corresponding to the healthy condition of the bridge and use them to train a probabilistic model, i.e., estimating the probability density function (PDF) of multivariate Gaussian distribution. The trained model helps to identify the anomalous behaviour of the new data points collected from the unknown condition of the bridge in real-time. Each edge device classifies the condition of the bridge as either "healthy" or "damaged" around its deployment region depending on their respective trained model. Experimentation results showcase a promising 96-100% damage detection accuracy with the advantage of no data transmission from sensor nodes to the cloud for processing.

Published
2020

33. A Multicriteria Approach for Landslide Hazard Zonation in the Lesser Kumaun Himalaya.

Author

Verma, Rahul Kumar, Singh, Rajesh, Sharma, Prateek, Umrao, Ravi Kumar, and Singh, T. N.

Subjects
*RECEIVER operating characteristic curves, *LAND cover, *GEOLOGICAL surveys, *CONSTRUCTION projects, *FIELD research, *LANDSLIDES
Abstract

The socioeconomic prosperity of a region is intricately tied to its infrastructure development, particularly the connectivity provided by highways. Preserving the economic well‐being of an area demands meticulous planning and the execution of construction projects with minimal risk. Landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) is a crucial tool for assessing the likelihood of landslide occurrences in specific regions. This study delves into the LHZ of a 171.2 km2 area, focusing on critical causative factors such as slope inclination and aspect, slope mass material, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), distance from fault lines, roads, and drainage systems. The classification resulted in four distinct zones along the National Highway (NH‐109) stretch from Bhowali to Almora. Notably, the moderate‐hazard zone encompasses 60.4% of the area, followed by the high‐hazard zone at 24.4%, the low‐hazard zone at 11.9%, and the very high‐hazard zone at 3.3%. To enhance the reliability of the study, 63 previously identified landslide locations were marked based on diverse sources, including field studies and landslide inventory data from the Geological Survey of India (GSI). In the validation process, 12 past landslide occurrences were situated within the very high‐hazard zone, 32 in the high‐hazard zone, 18 in the moderate‐hazard zone, and only one in the low‐hazard zone. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded a commendable quality with a % area under the curve (AUC) of 71.2%. In summary, this research underscores the importance of LHZ in assessing and mitigating landslide risks along a stretch of the NH‐109 corridor. The findings provide valuable insights for informed decision‐making in infrastructure development and risk management, contributing to the sustainable growth and protection of the region's livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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34. Economic News, Social Media Sentiments, and Stock Returns: Which Is a Bigger Driver?

Author

Verma, Rahul and Verma, Priti

Subjects
RUSSELL 2000 Index, RATE of return on stocks, VECTOR autoregression model, MARKET sentiment, STANDARD & Poor's 500 Index, DOW Jones industrial average
Abstract

This study provides empirical evidence on the relative impact of innovations in information content and noise embedded in economic news and social media sentiments on DJIA, S&P 500, NASDAQ, and Russell 2000 index returns. We find that economic news sentiments are relatively more rational and have a greater impact than irrational social media sentiments. There exist significant negative effects of three distinct categories of social media sentiments and a significant positive impact of economic news sentiments on stock returns. The magnitude of the impact of the economic news sentiments is larger. In addition, the economic news sentiments seem to have greater information content and are driven by risk factors to a greater extent than the sentiments of social media, which probably contain more noise. There are significant negative responses of stock returns to irrational components of social media sentiments while significant positive responses to rational components of economic news sentiments. Lastly, the magnitude of the impact of rational economic news sentiments is higher than that of irrational social media sentiments. Our results are consistent with the view that business news is a manifestation of a rational outlook to a larger extent than social media and can drive stock valuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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49. Comprehensive comparison of pore-scale models for multiphase flow in porous media

Author

Zhao, Benzhong, MacMinn, Christopher W., Primkulov, Bauyrzhan K., Chen, Yu, Valocchi, Albert J., Zhao, Jianlin, Kang, Qinjun, Bruning, Kelsey, McClure, James E., Miller, Cass T., Fakhari, Abbas, Bolster, Diogo, Hiller, Thomas, Brinkmann, Martin, Cueto-Felgueroso, Luis, Cogswell, Daniel A., Verma, Rahul, Prodanovic, Maša, Maes, Julien, Geiger, Sebastian, Vassvik, Morten, Hansen, Alex, Segre, Enrico, Holtzman, Ran, Yang, Zhibing, Yuan, Chao, Chareyre, Bruno, and Juanes, Ruben

Published
2019

50. Probing the Chiral Magnetic Wave with charge-dependent flow measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

Author

Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamová, Dagmar, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas’ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altamura, Anna Rita, Altsybeev, Igor, Alvarado Garcia, Jesús Ricardo, Anaam, Mustafa Naji, Andrei, Cristian, Andreou, Nicodemos, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel Martins Campos Almeida, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Baba, Hitoshi, Badalà, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yong Wook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, Bailung, Yoshini, Balbino, Alessandro, Baldisseri, Alberto, Balis, Bartosz, Banerjee, Debjani, Banoo, Zarina, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barlou, Maria, Barman, Banajit, Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Barreto De Oliveira Campos, Leonardo, Bartels, Clara, Barth, Klaus, Bartsch, Esther, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Batigne, Guillaume, Battistini, Daniel, Batyunya, Boris, Bauri, Dibakar, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beattie, Caitlin, Becht, Pascal, Behera, Debadatta, Belikov, Iouri, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec de la Caridad, Bellini, Francesca, Bellwied, Rene, Belokurova, Svetlana, Vasquez Beltran, Yael Antonio, Bencédi, Gyula, Beolè, Stefania, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berdnikova, Anastasia, Bergmann, Luisa, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Betev, Latchezar, Bhaduri, Partha Pratim, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielčík, Jaroslav, Bielčíková, Jana, Biernat, Jacek, Bigot, Alexandre Patrick, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Saikat, Bize, Nicolas Luc, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry S., Blidaru, Mihail-Bogdan, Bluhme, Nora, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bodova, Tea, Bogdanov, Alexey A., Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bond, Peter Matthew, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borquez Carcamo, Andres Gerardo, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, El Mard Bouziani, Youssef, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Büsching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bühler, Paul, Burmasov, Nazar, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bylinkin, Alexander, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Cai, Mengke, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Camerini, Paolo, Canedo, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Cantway, S.L., Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay, Kabus, Maja Jadwiga, Polichtchouk, Boris, Porteboeuf-Houssais, Sarah Julie, Rescakova, Zuzana, Røed, Ketil, Sajdakova, K., Schroter, Alexander, Weyhmiller, Sierra Lisa, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Choudhury, Dhrubajyoti, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalò, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Ditzel, Janik, Divià, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Ejima, Ren, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Flatland, Erlend, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Gahlaut, Tanu, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, Tavira Garcia, Andrea, García Chávez, Tonatiuh, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Gasik, Piotr, Gautam, Amrit, Germain, Marie, Ghimouz, Abderrahmane, Ghosh, Chandrasekhar, Giacalone, Marco, Gioachin, Giulia, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glässel, Peter, Glimos, Ewa, Goh, Daniel Jia Qin, Gonzalez Sebastian, Victor Luis, Gordeev, Pavel, Gorgon, Marek Boguslaw, Goswami, Kangkan, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Grecka, Ekaterina, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Grund, David, Grünwald, Nadine Alice, Garcia Guardiano, Gabriel, Guernane, Rachid, Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gündem, Tuba, Gunji, Taku, Guo, Wenda, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gupta, Rashi, Gwizdziel, Katarzyna, Gyulai, Laszlo, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Haider, Fakhar Ul, Haidlova, Sara, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamdi, Abdennacer, Han, Younghoon, Hanley, Brian Gerald, Hannigan, Ryan, Hansen, Joachim, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hauer, Philip, Havener, Laura Brittany, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hellbär, Ernst, Helstrup, Håvard, Hemmer, Marvin, Herman, Tomáš, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Sarah Nina Edwige, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Heybeck, Benedict, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hippolyte, Boris, Hoffmann, Felix Willi, Hofman, Bas, Hong, Geunhee, Horst, Maximilian, Horzyk, Adrian, Hou, Yongzhen, Hristov, Peter, Hughes, Charles, Huhn, Patrick, Huhta, Laura Maria, Humanic, Thomas J., Hutson, Alek, Hutter, Dirk, Ilkaev, Radiy, Ilyas, Hira, Inaba, Motoi, Innocenti, Gian Michele, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Isakov, Artem, Isidori, Tommaso, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Iversen, Kaare Endrup, Jablonski, Miroslaw, Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolò, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Ji, Su-jeong, Jia, Shihai, Paz Jimenez, Alom Antonio, Jonas, Florian, Jones, Daniel Matthew, Jowett, John M., Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Junique, Antoine Jean-Simon, Jusko, Anton, Karwowska, Maja Jadwiga, Kaewjai, Jetnipit, Kalinak, Peter, Kalteyer, Annalena Sophie, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatović, David, Karavichev, Oleg V., Karavicheva, Tatiana L., Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, D.L. D., Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard, Khade, Swapnesh Santosh, Khan, Ahsan Mehmood, Khan, Shaista, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kileng, Bjarte, Kim, Beomkyu, Kim, Chong, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Eun Joo, Kim, Jaehyun, Kim, Jinsook, Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Junlee, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taejun, Kimura, Kento, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergej N., Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Kitowski, Jacek Pawel, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Klein, Jochen, Klein, Spencer Robert, Klein-Bösing, Christian, Kleiner, Matthias, Klemenz, Thomas, Kluge, Alexander, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Kollegger, Thorsten, Kondratyev, Andrey, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, König, Joshua Leon, Königstorfer, Stephan Alexander, Konopka, Piotr Jan, Kornakov Van, Georgui, Korwieser, Maximilian, Koryciak, Sebastian Dominik, Kotliarov, Artem, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Kozhuharov, Venelin Valeriev, Králik, Ivan, Kravčáková, Adela, Krcal, Lubos, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kroesen, Martin, Krüger, Mario, Krupova, Diana Maria, Kryshen, Evgeny, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Deekshit, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Navneet, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kuskov, Vladislav, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lakrathok, Anantachai, Lamanna, Massimo, Landou, Aimeric Robin, Langoy, Rune, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lautner, Lukas, Lavicka, Roman, Lea, Ramona, Lee, Hyungjun, Legrand, Iosif-charles, Legras, Gauthier, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lelek, Tomasz Marcin, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesch, Marcel Markus, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Lévai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Lien, Jørgen André, Lietava, Roman, Likmeta, Iris, Lim, Bong-Hwi, Lim, Sanghoon, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Liu, Donghai, Liu, Jian, Setoue Liveraro, Gianni Shigeru, Mckibben Lofnes, Ingrid, Loizides, Constantinos, Lokos, Sandor, Lomker, Johanna, Lončar, Petra, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, López Torres, Ernesto, Lu, Pengzhong, Lugo, Fabiola Viridiana, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yu-Gang, Mager, Magnus, Maire, Antonin, Majerz, Emilia Maria, Makariev, Martin Vasilev, Malaev, Mikhail, Malfattore, Giovanni, Malik, Nasir Mehdi, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Malik, Salman Khurshid, Malinina, Liudmila, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Mallick, Neelkamal, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Mandal, Sushobhan Kumar, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Marcjan, Robert Waclaw, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Martinengo, Paolo, Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván, García Martínez, Ginés, Martins Palhares, Maria Paula, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Massen, Olaf, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Matonoha, Oliver, Mattiazzo, Serena, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Lafuente Mazuecos, Antonio, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mdhluli, Joyful Elma, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Munoz Mendez, Jesus Eduardo, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Czeslaw Miskowiec, Dariusz, Modak, Abhi, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Molander, Mikael Andreas, Monira, Shirajum, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy Willems, Denise Aparecida, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nambrath, Anjali Ila, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nath, Abhishek, Nattrass, Christine, Naydenov, Momchil Nikolaev, Neagu, Alexandra, Negru, Adrian-eduard, Nekrasova, Evgeniia, Nellen, Lukas, Nepeivoda, Roman, Nese, Sigurd, Nešković, Gvozden, Nicassio, Nicola, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nielsen, Emil Gorm, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Noh, Seoyoung, Nomokonov, Petr V., Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Oh, Saehanseul, Ohlson, Alice, Okorokov, Vitaly A., Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Önnerstad, Anna, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oya, Motomi, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Paic, Guy, Paisano Guzman, Sergio, Palasciano, Antonio, Panebianco, Stefano Matthias, Park, Hanseo, Park, Hyebin, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Patley, Yash, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pennisi, Michele, Perciballi, Stefania, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Pestov, Yury N., Petrov, Vitalii, Petrovici, Mihai A., Pezzi, Rafael Peretti, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Płoskoń, Mateusz, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin G., Polishchuk, Boris, Politano, Stefano, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valerii, Yoval Pozos, Irandheny, Pradhan, Kshitish Kumar, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Prasad, Suraj, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude A., Pshenichnov, Igor A., Puccio, Maximiliano, Pucillo, Sara, Pugelova, Zuzana, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Ragoni, Simone, Rai, Ananya, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rancien, Thibaut Albert, Rasa, Marika, Räsänen, Sami Sakari, Rath, Rutuparna, Rauch, Max Philip, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Reckziegel, Christian, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Reetz, Carolina Anna, Regules Medel, Hector David, Rehman, Attiq ur, Reidt, Felix, Reme-Ness, Haakon André, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Riccardo, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedel, Anton Albert, Riegler, Werner, Riffero, Andrea Giovanni, Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian, Viqueira Rodriguez, Manuel, Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario, Rodríguez Ramírez, Saúl Aníbal, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rogoschinski, Tim Sebastian, Rohr, David, Röhrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Romanenko, Gleb, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Rosłon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Subhadeep, Rubini, Nicola, Ruggiano, Daniela, Rui, Rinaldo, Russek, Pawel Grzegorz, Russo, Roberto, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej Krzysztof, Rytkönen, Heidi Maria, Ryu, Jaehyeok, Rzęsa, Wioleta, Saarimäki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Sætre, Jon-are, Šafařík, Karel, Saha, Pallabi, Saha, Sumit Kumar, Saha, Swati, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Bhagyarathi, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Dushmanta, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Tropp, Klaudia, Sakai, Shingo, Panikkassery Salvan, Malavika, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Samitz, Daniel, Sanna, Isabella, Badaro Saramela, Thiago, Sarma, Pranjal, Sarritzu, Valerio, Mantovani Sarti, Valentina, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Sawan, Sawan, Schambach, Johann Joachim, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer, Schlepper, Felix, Schmah, Alexander, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmier, Austin Robert, Schotter, Romain, Wilhelmi, Alexander, Schukraft, Jürgen, Schweda, Kai, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selina, Mariia, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senyukov, Serhiy, Seo, Jin Joo, Serebryakov, Dmitry, Šerkšnytė, Laura, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shaba, Tebogo Joyce, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Binti, Sharma, Deependra, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Samarth, Sharma, Sheetal, Sharma, Upasana, Shatat, Afnan, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shin, Jaehyuck, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silva, Tiago Fiorini da, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simantathammakul, Tawanchat, Simeonov, Radoslav, Singh, Balwan, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Kamaljeet, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, Randhir, Singh, Ravindra, Singh, Sweta, Singh, Vivek, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Skorodumovs, Georgijs, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Snellings, Raimond, Haugland Solheim, Emilie, Song, Jihye, Sonnabend, Christian, Soramel, Francesca, Soto-hernandez, Analyce Bella, Spijkers, Rik, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Staa, Joey, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Steffanic, Patrick John, Stiefelmaier, Stephan, Stocco, Diego, Storehaug, Ida, Stratmann, Peter, Strazzi, Sofia, Sturniolo, Alessandro, Pliatskas Stylianidis, Christos, Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Sukhanov, Mikhail, Šuljić, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Sumberia, Vikash, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Swain, Sagarika, Szarka, Imrich, Szymkowski, Maciej, Taghavi, Seyed Farid, Taillepied, Guillaume, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tang, Siyu, Tang, Zebo, Tapia Takaki, Jesus Daniel, Tapus, Nicolae, Tarasovicova, Lucia Anna, Tarzila, Madalina-Gabriela, Tassielli, Giovanni Francesco, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Muñoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terlizzi, Livia, Terrevoli, Cristina, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Tiltmann, Nicolas, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Tkacik, Milan, Tkacik, Tomas, Toia, Alberica, Tokumoto, Ryoka, Tomohiro, Keisuke, Topilskaya, Nataliya, Toppi, Marco, Tork, Theraa M.A., Vargas Torres, Paola, Valencia Torres, Victor, Torres Ramos, Arianna Grisel, Trifiro, Antonio, Triolo, Andrea Sofia, Tripathy, Sushanta, Tripathy, Tulika, Trogolo, Stefano, Trubnikov, Victor, Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk, Trzcinski, Tomasz Piotr, Tumkin, Alexandr, Turrisi, Rosario, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Ullaland, Kjetil, Ulukutlu, Berkin, Uras, Antonio, Usai, Gianluca, Vala, Martin, Valle, Nicolò, Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van, Leeuwen, Marco van, Van Veen, Casper Arie, Weelden, Roelof Jan Gijs van, Vyvre, Pierre vande, Varga, Dezsö, Varga, Zoltán, Vasileiou, Maria, Vasiliev, Andrey, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Vazquez Rueda, Omar, Vechernin, Vladimir, Vercellin, Ermanno, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Verma, Rahul, Vermunt, Lucas Anne, Vértesi, Róbert, Verweij, Marta, Vicković, Linda, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Villani, Anna, Vinogradov, Alexander, Virgili, Tiziano, Virta, Maxim Mikael Olavi, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Voelkel, Benedikt, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergei, Volpe, Giacomo, Haller, Barthélémy von, Vorobyev, Ivan, Vozniuk, Nikita, Vrlakova, Janka, Wan, Jie, Wang, Chunzheng, Wang, Dongfang, Wang, Yuanzhe, Wang, Yubiao, Wegrzynek, Adam Tadeusz, Weiglhofer, Felix Thomas, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes P., Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Windelband, Bernd, Winn, Michael, Wright, Josephina Rae, Wu, Wenya, Wu, Yitao, Xu, Ran, Yadav, Ankur, Yadav, Arun Kumar, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In-Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yu, Hyeonjin, Yuan, Shiming, Yüncü, Alperen, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zampolli, Chiara, Zanone, Federica, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Závada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Biao, Zhang, Chi, Zhang, Liuyao, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Mingrui, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhu, Jianhui, Zhu, Ya, Zugravel, Stefan Cristi, Zurlo, Nicola, Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamová, Dagmar, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas’ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altamura, Anna Rita, Altsybeev, Igor, Alvarado Garcia, Jesús Ricardo, Anaam, Mustafa Naji, Andrei, Cristian, Andreou, Nicodemos, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel Martins Campos Almeida, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Baba, Hitoshi, Badalà, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yong Wook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, Bailung, Yoshini, Balbino, Alessandro, Baldisseri, Alberto, Balis, Bartosz, Banerjee, Debjani, Banoo, Zarina, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barlou, Maria, Barman, Banajit, Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Barreto De Oliveira Campos, Leonardo, Bartels, Clara, Barth, Klaus, Bartsch, Esther, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Batigne, Guillaume, Battistini, Daniel, Batyunya, Boris, Bauri, Dibakar, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beattie, Caitlin, Becht, Pascal, Behera, Debadatta, Belikov, Iouri, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec de la Caridad, Bellini, Francesca, Bellwied, Rene, Belokurova, Svetlana, Vasquez Beltran, Yael Antonio, Bencédi, Gyula, Beolè, Stefania, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berdnikova, Anastasia, Bergmann, Luisa, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Betev, Latchezar, Bhaduri, Partha Pratim, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielčík, Jaroslav, Bielčíková, Jana, Biernat, Jacek, Bigot, Alexandre Patrick, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Saikat, Bize, Nicolas Luc, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry S., Blidaru, Mihail-Bogdan, Bluhme, Nora, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bodova, Tea, Bogdanov, Alexey A., Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bond, Peter Matthew, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borquez Carcamo, Andres Gerardo, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, El Mard Bouziani, Youssef, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Büsching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bühler, Paul, Burmasov, Nazar, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bylinkin, Alexander, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Cai, Mengke, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Camerini, Paolo, Canedo, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Cantway, S.L., Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay, Kabus, Maja Jadwiga, Polichtchouk, Boris, Porteboeuf-Houssais, Sarah Julie, Rescakova, Zuzana, Røed, Ketil, Sajdakova, K., Schroter, Alexander, Weyhmiller, Sierra Lisa, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Choudhury, Dhrubajyoti, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalò, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Ditzel, Janik, Divià, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Ejima, Ren, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Flatland, Erlend, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Gahlaut, Tanu, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, Tavira Garcia, Andrea, García Chávez, Tonatiuh, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Gasik, Piotr, Gautam, Amrit, Germain, Marie, Ghimouz, Abderrahmane, Ghosh, Chandrasekhar, Giacalone, Marco, Gioachin, Giulia, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glässel, Peter, Glimos, Ewa, Goh, Daniel Jia Qin, Gonzalez Sebastian, Victor Luis, Gordeev, Pavel, Gorgon, Marek Boguslaw, Goswami, Kangkan, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Grecka, Ekaterina, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Grund, David, Grünwald, Nadine Alice, Garcia Guardiano, Gabriel, Guernane, Rachid, Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gündem, Tuba, Gunji, Taku, Guo, Wenda, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gupta, Rashi, Gwizdziel, Katarzyna, Gyulai, Laszlo, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Haider, Fakhar Ul, Haidlova, Sara, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamdi, Abdennacer, Han, Younghoon, Hanley, Brian Gerald, Hannigan, Ryan, Hansen, Joachim, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hauer, Philip, Havener, Laura Brittany, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hellbär, Ernst, Helstrup, Håvard, Hemmer, Marvin, Herman, Tomáš, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Sarah Nina Edwige, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Heybeck, Benedict, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hippolyte, Boris, Hoffmann, Felix Willi, Hofman, Bas, Hong, Geunhee, Horst, Maximilian, Horzyk, Adrian, Hou, Yongzhen, Hristov, Peter, Hughes, Charles, Huhn, Patrick, Huhta, Laura Maria, Humanic, Thomas J., Hutson, Alek, Hutter, Dirk, Ilkaev, Radiy, Ilyas, Hira, Inaba, Motoi, Innocenti, Gian Michele, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Isakov, Artem, Isidori, Tommaso, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Iversen, Kaare Endrup, Jablonski, Miroslaw, Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolò, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Ji, Su-jeong, Jia, Shihai, Paz Jimenez, Alom Antonio, Jonas, Florian, Jones, Daniel Matthew, Jowett, John M., Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Junique, Antoine Jean-Simon, Jusko, Anton, Karwowska, Maja Jadwiga, Kaewjai, Jetnipit, Kalinak, Peter, Kalteyer, Annalena Sophie, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatović, David, Karavichev, Oleg V., Karavicheva, Tatiana L., Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, D.L. 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Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kroesen, Martin, Krüger, Mario, Krupova, Diana Maria, Kryshen, Evgeny, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Deekshit, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Navneet, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kuskov, Vladislav, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lakrathok, Anantachai, Lamanna, Massimo, Landou, Aimeric Robin, Langoy, Rune, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lautner, Lukas, Lavicka, Roman, Lea, Ramona, Lee, Hyungjun, Legrand, Iosif-charles, Legras, Gauthier, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lelek, Tomasz Marcin, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesch, Marcel Markus, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Lévai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Lien, Jørgen André, Lietava, Roman, Likmeta, Iris, Lim, Bong-Hwi, Lim, Sanghoon, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Liu, Donghai, Liu, Jian, Setoue Liveraro, Gianni Shigeru, Mckibben Lofnes, Ingrid, Loizides, Constantinos, Lokos, Sandor, Lomker, Johanna, Lončar, Petra, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, López Torres, Ernesto, Lu, Pengzhong, Lugo, Fabiola Viridiana, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yu-Gang, Mager, Magnus, Maire, Antonin, Majerz, Emilia Maria, Makariev, Martin Vasilev, Malaev, Mikhail, Malfattore, Giovanni, Malik, Nasir Mehdi, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Malik, Salman Khurshid, Malinina, Liudmila, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Mallick, Neelkamal, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Mandal, Sushobhan Kumar, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Marcjan, Robert Waclaw, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Martinengo, Paolo, Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván, García Martínez, Ginés, Martins Palhares, Maria Paula, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Massen, Olaf, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Matonoha, Oliver, Mattiazzo, Serena, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Lafuente Mazuecos, Antonio, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mdhluli, Joyful Elma, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Munoz Mendez, Jesus Eduardo, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Czeslaw Miskowiec, Dariusz, Modak, Abhi, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Molander, Mikael Andreas, Monira, Shirajum, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy Willems, Denise Aparecida, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nambrath, Anjali Ila, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nath, Abhishek, Nattrass, Christine, Naydenov, Momchil Nikolaev, Neagu, Alexandra, Negru, Adrian-eduard, Nekrasova, Evgeniia, Nellen, Lukas, Nepeivoda, Roman, Nese, Sigurd, Nešković, Gvozden, Nicassio, Nicola, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nielsen, Emil Gorm, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Noh, Seoyoung, Nomokonov, Petr V., Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Oh, Saehanseul, Ohlson, Alice, Okorokov, Vitaly A., Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Önnerstad, Anna, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oya, Motomi, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Paic, Guy, Paisano Guzman, Sergio, Palasciano, Antonio, Panebianco, Stefano Matthias, Park, Hanseo, Park, Hyebin, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Patley, Yash, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pennisi, Michele, Perciballi, Stefania, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Pestov, Yury N., Petrov, Vitalii, Petrovici, Mihai A., Pezzi, Rafael Peretti, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Płoskoń, Mateusz, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin G., Polishchuk, Boris, Politano, Stefano, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valerii, Yoval Pozos, Irandheny, Pradhan, Kshitish Kumar, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Prasad, Suraj, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude A., Pshenichnov, Igor A., Puccio, Maximiliano, Pucillo, Sara, Pugelova, Zuzana, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Ragoni, Simone, Rai, Ananya, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rancien, Thibaut Albert, Rasa, Marika, Räsänen, Sami Sakari, Rath, Rutuparna, Rauch, Max Philip, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Reckziegel, Christian, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Reetz, Carolina Anna, Regules Medel, Hector David, Rehman, Attiq ur, Reidt, Felix, Reme-Ness, Haakon André, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Riccardo, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedel, Anton Albert, Riegler, Werner, Riffero, Andrea Giovanni, Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian, Viqueira Rodriguez, Manuel, Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario, Rodríguez Ramírez, Saúl Aníbal, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rogoschinski, Tim Sebastian, Rohr, David, Röhrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Romanenko, Gleb, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Rosłon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Subhadeep, Rubini, Nicola, Ruggiano, Daniela, Rui, Rinaldo, Russek, Pawel Grzegorz, Russo, Roberto, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej Krzysztof, Rytkönen, Heidi Maria, Ryu, Jaehyeok, Rzęsa, Wioleta, Saarimäki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Sætre, Jon-are, 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Joyce, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Binti, Sharma, Deependra, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Samarth, Sharma, Sheetal, Sharma, Upasana, Shatat, Afnan, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shin, Jaehyuck, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silva, Tiago Fiorini da, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simantathammakul, Tawanchat, Simeonov, Radoslav, Singh, Balwan, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Kamaljeet, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, Randhir, Singh, Ravindra, Singh, Sweta, Singh, Vivek, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Skorodumovs, Georgijs, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Snellings, Raimond, Haugland Solheim, Emilie, Song, Jihye, Sonnabend, Christian, Soramel, Francesca, Soto-hernandez, Analyce Bella, Spijkers, Rik, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Staa, Joey, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Steffanic, Patrick 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Nicola

Abstract

The Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) phenomenon is essential to provide insights into the strong interaction in QCD, the properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and the topological characteristics of the early universe, offering a deeper understanding of fundamental physics in high-energy collisions. Measurements of the charge-dependent anisotropic flow coefficients are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√= 5.02 TeV to probe the CMW. In particular, the slope of the normalized difference in elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow coefficients of positively and negatively charged particles as a function of their event-wise normalized number difference, is reported for inclusive and identified particles. The slope rNorm3 is found to be larger than zero and to have a magnitude similar to rNorm2, thus pointing to a large background contribution for these measurements. Furthermore, rNorm2 can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates local charge conservation. In addition, using the event shape engineering technique yields a fraction of CMW (fCMW) contribution to this measurement which is compatible with zero. This measurement provides the very first upper limit for fCMW, and in the 10-60% centrality interval it is found to be 26% (38%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level.

Published
2024

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