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2. Pollinator functional group abundance and floral heterogeneity in an agroecological context affect mating patterns in a self‐incompatible wild plant.

Author

Labonté, Audrey, Le Corre, Valérie, Matejicek, Annick, Felten, Emeline, Turpin, Mélinda, Laurent, Emilien, Michel, Séverine, Ducourtieux, Chantal, Vieren, Eric, Proesmans, Willem, Deytieux, Violaine, Cordeau, Stéphane, and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Subjects
PLANT breeding, HONEYBEES, PLANT anatomy, WINDBREAKS, shelterbelts, etc., FUNCTIONAL groups
Abstract

Copyright of American Journal of Botany is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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4. Land use and soil characteristics affect soil organisms differently from above-ground assemblages

Author

Burton, Victoria J., Contu, Sara, De Palma, Adriana, Hill, Samantha L. L., Albrecht, Harald, Bone, James S., Carpenter, Daniel, Corstanje, Ronald, De Smedt, Pallieter, Farrell, Mark, Ford, Helen V., Hudson, Lawrence N., Inward, Kelly, Jones, David T., Kosewska, Agnieszka, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy F., Magura, Tibor, Mulder, Christian, Murvanidze, Maka, Newbold, Tim, Smith, Jo, Suarez, Andrew V., Suryometaram, Sasha, Tóthmérész, Béla, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Vanbergen, Adam J., Verheyen, Kris, Wuyts, Karen, Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Eggleton, Paul, and Purvis, Andy

Published
2022
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5. Ecological intensification to mitigate impacts of conventional intensive land use on pollinators and pollination.

Author

Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Espíndola, Anahí, Vanbergen, Adam, Settele, Josef, Kremen, Claire, and Dicks, Lynn

Subjects
Crop production, diversification, food security, grazing/mowing intensity, habitat loss, landscape fragmentation, mass-flowering crops, wild pollinator diversity, Agriculture, Animals, Biota, Conservation of Natural Resources, Crops, Agricultural, Insecta, Pollination
Abstract

Worldwide, human appropriation of ecosystems is disrupting plant-pollinator communities and pollination function through habitat conversion and landscape homogenisation. Conversion to agriculture is destroying and degrading semi-natural ecosystems while conventional land-use intensification (e.g. industrial management of large-scale monocultures with high chemical inputs) homogenises landscape structure and quality. Together, these anthropogenic processes reduce the connectivity of populations and erode floral and nesting resources to undermine pollinator abundance and diversity, and ultimately pollination services. Ecological intensification of agriculture represents a strategic alternative to ameliorate these drivers of pollinator decline while supporting sustainable food production, by promoting biodiversity beneficial to agricultural production through management practices such as intercropping, crop rotations, farm-level diversification and reduced agrochemical use. We critically evaluate its potential to address and reverse the land use and management trends currently degrading pollinator communities and potentially causing widespread pollination deficits. We find that many of the practices that constitute ecological intensification can contribute to mitigating the drivers of pollinator decline. Our findings support ecological intensification as a solution to pollinator declines, and we discuss ways to promote it in agricultural policy and practice.

Published
2017

9. From landscape to host-plant scales : bottom-up heterogeneity affects invertebrate diversity and interactions

Author

Vanbergen, Adam John

Subjects
577
Abstract

The influence of ecological heterogeneity on invertebrate diversity, trophic guild structure, and host-parasitoid interactions was assessed at landscape, habitat and host-plant scales. Variation in the cover of forest and spatial heterogeneity of six landscapes affected the diversity of epigeal beetles and soil fauna, indicating human land-use can structure communities that operate at fine spatial scales. Invertebrate taxon identity determined if species richness, abundance or both were affected by landscape structure and whether the relationship was linear or hump-shaped. Above-ground diversity positively correlated with soil fauna diversity, but worm and collembola diversity correlated with different plant functional groups. Using the presence of cattle grazing in birch woodlands the impact of disturbance to semi-natural habitat on invertebrate diversity and trophic interactions was studied. Grazing led to a reduction in the height of understorey vegetation, and concomitant increase in plant diversity. This grazing-dependent habitat heterogeneity was correlated with a decline in the diversity of generalist secondary consumers but left herbivores unaffected. A host-parasitoid interaction was affected by the presence of cattle in birch woods. Increased floral diversity in the grazed sward indirectly (via increases in host density) and directly increased parasitism rates, a rare example of a tertiary trophic level being positively affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Using this host-parasitoid system we examined the influence of habitat patch size and isolation on this antagonistic interaction. The largest patches supported the greatest herbivore densities, but the parasitoid was unaffected. This differential impact of habitat structure meant that parasitism was inversely density-dependent and the potential stability of the interaction (CV > 1) was reduced, providing a refuge from parasitism for the host. Bottom-up sources of heterogeneity at different scales affect diversity at higher trophic levels. Anthropogenic disturbance to plant communities can alter trophic guild structure and interactions between insect species.

Published
2006

11. Urbanisation and agricultural intensification modulate plant–pollinator network structure and robustness.

Author

Proesmans, Willem, Felten, Emeline, Laurent, Emilien, Albrecht, Matthias, Cyrille, Nathan, Labonté, Audrey, Maurer, Corina, Paxton, Robert, Schweiger, Oliver, Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka, and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Subjects
POLLINATORS, AGRICULTURAL intensification, BIOLOGICAL extinction, AGRICULTURE, ENDANGERED species, NUMBERS of species
Abstract

Land use change is a major pressure on pollinator abundance, diversity and plant–pollinator interactions. Far less is known about how land‐use alters the structure of plant–pollinator networks and their robustness to plant–pollinator coextinctions.We analysed the structure of plant–pollinator networks sampled in 12 landscapes along an urbanisation and agricultural intensity gradient, from early spring to late summer 2021, and used a stochastic coextinction model to correlate plant–pollinator coextinction risk with network structure (species and network‐level metrics) and landscape context.Networks in intensively managed (i.e., agricultural and urban) landscapes had a lower risk of initiating a coextinction cascade, while networks in less intensively managed landscapes may be less robust. Network structure modulated the frequency and severity of coextinctions and species loss, while the strength of species interactions increased robustness.Urban networks were more species rich and symmetrical due to the high diversity of ornamental plants, while intensively managed agricultural landscapes had smaller, more tightly connected and nested networks.Network structure modulated the frequency of extinctions, which was decreased by greater linkage density, interaction asymmetry and interaction dependence in the networks, while once an extinction occurred, nestedness and linkage density propagated the degree of the coextinction cascade and species loss. At the species level, species strength was inversely correlated with extinction risk, implying that generalist species with a high number of interactions with specialists had the lowest extinction risk.An interplay between land‐use and network structure affects community robustness to coextinctions with implications for pollination services and plant reproduction. Land‐use change or other global change pressures by reorganising species interactions can alter communities and their potential functioning. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Individual flowering phenology shapes plant–pollinator interactions across ecological scales affecting plant reproduction

Author

Labonté, Audrey, primary, Monticelli, Lucie S., additional, Turpin, Mélinda, additional, Felten, Emeline, additional, Laurent, Emilien, additional, Matejicek, Annick, additional, Biju‐Duval, Luc, additional, Ducourtieux, Chantal, additional, Vieren, Eric, additional, Deytieux, Violaine, additional, Cordeau, Stéphane, additional, Bohan, David, additional, and Vanbergen, Adam J., additional

Published
2023
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17. Functional traits and local environment predict vegetation responses to disturbance: a pan-European multi-site experiment

Author

Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Gray, Alan, Vanbergen, Adam J., Bergès, Laurent, Bohner, Andreas, Brooker, Rob W., De Bruyn, Luc, De Cinti, Bruno, Dirnböck, Thomas, Grandin, Ulf, Hester, Alison J., Kanka, Róbert, Klotz, Stefan, Loucougaray, Grégory, Lundin, Lars, Matteucci, Giorgio, Mészáros, Ilona, Oláh, Viktor, Preda, Elena, Prévosto, Bernard, Pykälä, Juha, Schmidt, Wolfgang, Taylor, Michele E., Vadineanu, Angheluta, Waldmann, Theresa, and Stadler, Jutta

Published
2011
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18. Long‐term cattle grazing shifts the ecological state of forest soils

Author

Proesmans, Willem, Andrews, Christopher, Gray, Alan, Griffiths, Rob, Keith, Aidan, Nielsen, Uffe N., Spurgeon, David, Pywell, Richard, Emmett, Bridget, Vanbergen, Adam J., Proesmans, Willem, Andrews, Christopher, Gray, Alan, Griffiths, Rob, Keith, Aidan, Nielsen, Uffe N., Spurgeon, David, Pywell, Richard, Emmett, Bridget, and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Abstract

Cattle grazing profoundly affects abiotic and biotic characteristics of ecosystems. While most research has been performed on grasslands, the effect of large managed ungulates on forest ecosystems has largely been neglected. Compared to a baseline seminatural state, we investigated how long-term cattle grazing of birch forest patches affected the abiotic state and the ecological community (microbes and invertebrates) of the soil subsystem. Grazing strongly modified the soil abiotic environment by increasing phosphorus content, pH, and bulk density, while reducing the C:N ratio. The reduced C:N ratio was strongly associated with a lower microbial biomass, mainly caused by a reduction of fungal biomass. This was linked to a decrease in fungivorous nematode abundance and the nematode channel index, indicating a relative uplift in the importance of the bacterial energy-channel in the nematode assemblages. Cattle grazing highly modified invertebrate community composition producing distinct assemblages from the seminatural situation. Richness and abundance of microarthropods was consistently reduced by grazing (excepting collembolan richness) and grazing-associated changes in soil pH, Olsen P, and reduced soil pore volume (bulk density) limiting niche space and refuge from physical disturbance. Anecic earthworm species predominated in grazed patches, but were absent from ungrazed forest, and may benefit from manure inputs, while their deep vertical burrowing behavior protects them from physical disturbance. Perturbation of birch forest habitat by long-term ungulate grazing profoundly modified soil biodiversity, either directly through increased physical disturbance and manure input or indirectly by modifying soil abiotic conditions. Comparative analyses revealed the ecosystem engineering potential of large ungulate grazers in forest systems through major shifts in the composition and structure of microbial and invertebrate assemblages, including the potential for reduced

Published
2022

19. Land use and soil characteristics affect soil organisms differently from above-ground assemblages

Author

Burton, VJ, Contu, Sara, De Palma, A, Hill, Samantha LL, Albrecht, Harald, Bone, James S, Carpenter, Daniel, Corstanje, Ronald, De Smedt, Pallieter, Farrell, Mark, Ford, Helen V, Hudson, L, Inward, Kelly, Jones, David T, Kosewska, Agnieszka, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy F, Magura, Tibor, Mulder, Christian, Murvanidze, Maka, Newbold, Tim, Smith, Jo, Suarez, Andrew V, Suryometaram, Sasha, Tóthmérész, Béla, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Vanbergen, Adam J, Verheyen, Kris, Wuyts, Karen, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, Eggleton, P, Purvis, A, Burton, VJ, Contu, Sara, De Palma, A, Hill, Samantha LL, Albrecht, Harald, Bone, James S, Carpenter, Daniel, Corstanje, Ronald, De Smedt, Pallieter, Farrell, Mark, Ford, Helen V, Hudson, L, Inward, Kelly, Jones, David T, Kosewska, Agnieszka, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy F, Magura, Tibor, Mulder, Christian, Murvanidze, Maka, Newbold, Tim, Smith, Jo, Suarez, Andrew V, Suryometaram, Sasha, Tóthmérész, Béla, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Vanbergen, Adam J, Verheyen, Kris, Wuyts, Karen, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, Eggleton, P, and Purvis, A

Abstract

Background Land-use is a major driver of changes in biodiversity worldwide, but studies have overwhelmingly focused on above-ground taxa: the effects on soil biodiversity are less well known, despite the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning. We modelled data from a global biodiversity database to compare how the abundance of soil-dwelling and above-ground organisms responded to land use and soil properties. Results We found that land use affects overall abundance differently in soil and above-ground assemblages. The abundance of soil organisms was markedly lower in cropland and plantation habitats than in primary vegetation and pasture. Soil properties influenced the abundance of soil biota in ways that differed among land uses, suggesting they shape both abundance and its response to land use. Conclusions Our results caution against assuming models or indicators derived from above-ground data can apply to soil assemblages and highlight the potential value of incorporating soil properties into biodiversity models.

Published
2022

22. Additional file 1 of Land use and soil characteristics affect soil organisms differently from above-ground assemblages

Author

Burton, Victoria J., Contu, Sara, De Palma, Adriana, Hill, Samantha L. L., Albrecht, Harald, Bone, James S., Carpenter, Daniel, Corstanje, Ronald, De Smedt, Pallieter, Farrell, Mark, Ford, Helen V., Hudson, Lawrence N., Inward, Kelly, Jones, David T., Kosewska, Agnieszka, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy F., Magura, Tibor, Mulder, Christian, Murvanidze, Maka, Newbold, Tim, Smith, Jo, Suarez, Andrew V., Suryometaram, Sasha, Tóthmérész, Béla, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Vanbergen, Adam J., Verheyen, Kris, Wuyts, Karen, Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Eggleton, Paul, and Purvis, Andy

Abstract

Additional file 1. Contains Tables S1-S4 and Figures S1-S6, providing further information on data sources, model structures and results of sensitivity analyses.

Published
2022
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23. Multiple global change impacts on parasitism and biocontrol services in future agricultural landscapes

Author

Monticelli, Lucie S., Bishop, Jacob, Desneux, Nicolas, Gurr, Geoff M., Jaworski, Coline C., McLean, Ailsa H. C., Thomine, Eva, and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages
Abstract

Parasitoids are a significant mortality factor in the population dynamics of many arthropods involved in key ecological processes such as herbivore-plant and predator-prey interactions. Parasitoids are therefore widely used in biocontrol programs. Global change phenomena influence these natural and anthropocentric roles of parasitoids and here we review the effects of the main drivers and their interplay. Land use intensification modifies landscape structure and elevates agroecosystem loads of fertilisers and pesticides creating risks for parasitism and loss of biocontrol services. Climate change can affect parasitoids directly, affecting physiology and survival, or indirectly via phenological and other effects (plant chemistry, herbivore-induced plant volatiles HIPVs) on their hosts, endosymbionts and plants. Biological invasions have the potential to modify native host-parasitoid systems and elevate risk of novel pest dynamics, requiring restoration of biocontrol. The interplay between these global change drivers may thus exacerbate the overall risk to parasitism in future agricultural landscapes. To make more accurate predictions, future studies could focus on the impact of interacting global change drivers on parasitoids and the biocontrol services they provide. Moreover, host and parasitoid specificity appear to be a key driver in assessing the effects of global change on parasitoids.

Published
2022

24. Pathways for Novel Epidemiology: Plant-Pollinator-Pathogen Networks and Global Change

Author

Proesmans, Willem, Albrecht, Matthias, Gajda, Anna, Neumann, Peter, Paxton, Robert J, Pioz, Maryline, Polzin, Christine, Schweiger, Oliver, Settele, Josef, Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, and Vanbergen, Adam J

Subjects
630 Agriculture, 570 Life sciences, biology
Abstract

Multiple global change pressures, and their interplay, cause plant-pollinator extinctions and modify species assemblages and interactions. This may alter the risks of pathogen host shifts, intra- or interspecific pathogen spread, and emergence of novel population or community epidemics. Flowers are hubs for pathogen transmission. Consequently, the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks may be pivotal in pathogen host shifts and modulating disease dynamics. Traits of plants, pollinators, and pathogens may also govern the interspecific spread of pathogens. Pathogen spillover-spillback between managed and wild pollinators risks driving the evolution of virulence and community epidemics. Understanding this interplay between host-pathogen dynamics and global change will be crucial to predicting impacts on pollinators and pollination underpinning ecosystems and human wellbeing.

Published
2021
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25. Chapter six - transformation of agricultural landscapes in the Anthropocene: nature's contributions to people, agriculture and food security

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo A., Cordeau, Stephane, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P. D., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lecuyer, Lou, Ngo, Hien T., Potts, Simon G., Settele, Josef, Skrimizea, Eirini, Young, Juliette C., Bohan, David A., and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Abstract

Multiple anthropogenic challenges threaten nature's contributions to human well-being. Agricultural expansion and conventional intensification are degrading biodiversity and ecosystem functions, thereby undermining the natural foundations on which agriculture is itself built. Averting the worst effects of global environmental change and assuring ecosystem benefits, requires a transformation of agriculture. Alternative agricultural systems to conventional intensification exist, ranging from adjustments to efficiency (e.g. sustainable intensification) to a redesign (e.g. ecological intensification, climate-smart agriculture) of the farm management system. These alternatives vary in their reliance on nature or technology, the level of systemic change required to operate, and impacts on biodiversity, landscapes and agricultural production. Different socio-economic, ecological and political settings mean there is no universal solution, instead there are a suite of interoperable practices that can be adapted to different contexts to maximise efficiency, sustainability and resilience. Social, economic, technological and demographic issues will influence the form of sustainable agriculture and effects on landscapes and biodiversity. These include: (1) the socio-technical-ecological architecture of agricultural and food systems and trends such as urbanisation in affecting the mode of production, diets, lifestyles and attitudes; (2) emerging technologies, such as gene editing, synthetic biology and 3D bioprinting of meat; and (3) the scale or state of the existing farm system, especially pertinent for smallholder agriculture. Agricultural transformation will require multifunctional landscape planning with cross-sectoral and participatory management to avoid unintended consequences and ultimately depends on people's capacity to accept new ways of operating in response to the current environmental crisis.

Published
2020

26. Location maps, photos and supplementary figures/analysis from Habitat loss, predation pressure and episodic heat-shocks interact to impact arthropods and photosynthetic functioning of microecosystems

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Boissieres, Claire, Gray, Alan, and Chapman, Daniel S.

Abstract

Ecosystems face multiple, potentially interacting, anthropogenic pressures that can modify biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a bryophyte–microarthropod microecosystem we tested the combined effects of habitat loss, episodic heat-shocks and an introduced non-native apex predator on ecosystem function (chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of photosystem II function) and microarthropod communities (abundance and body size). The photosynthetic function was degraded by the sequence of heat-shock episodes, but unaffected by microecosystem patch size or top-down pressure from the introduced predator. In small microecosystem patches without the non-native predator, Acari abundance decreased with heat-shock frequency, while Collembola abundance increased. These trends disappeared in larger microecosystem patches or when predators were introduced, although Acari abundance was lower in large patches that underwent heat-shocks and were exposed to the predator. Mean assemblage body length (Collembola) was reduced independently in small microecosystem patches and with greater heat-shock frequency. Our experimental simulation of episodic heat waves, habitat loss and non-native predation pressure in microecosystems produced evidence of individual and potentially synergistic and antagonistic effects on ecosystem function and microarthropod communities. Such complex outcomes of interactions between multiple stressors need to be considered when assessing anthropogenic risks for biota and ecosystem functioning.

Published
2021
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27. R code for statistical models from Habitat loss, predation pressure and episodic heat-shocks interact to impact arthropods and photosynthetic functioning of microecosystems

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Boissieres, Claire, Gray, Alan, and Chapman, Daniel S.

Abstract

Ecosystems face multiple, potentially interacting, anthropogenic pressures that can modify biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a bryophyte–microarthropod microecosystem we tested the combined effects of habitat loss, episodic heat-shocks and an introduced non-native apex predator on ecosystem function (chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of photosystem II function) and microarthropod communities (abundance and body size). The photosynthetic function was degraded by the sequence of heat-shock episodes, but unaffected by microecosystem patch size or top-down pressure from the introduced predator. In small microecosystem patches without the non-native predator, Acari abundance decreased with heat-shock frequency, while Collembola abundance increased. These trends disappeared in larger microecosystem patches or when predators were introduced, although Acari abundance was lower in large patches that underwent heat-shocks and were exposed to the predator. Mean assemblage body length (Collembola) was reduced independently in small microecosystem patches and with greater heat-shock frequency. Our experimental simulation of episodic heat waves, habitat loss and non-native predation pressure in microecosystems produced evidence of individual and potentially synergistic and antagonistic effects on ecosystem function and microarthropod communities. Such complex outcomes of interactions between multiple stressors need to be considered when assessing anthropogenic risks for biota and ecosystem functioning.

Published
2021
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28. Sustainable agriculture: recognizing the potential of conflict as a positive driver for transformative change

Author

Skrimizea, Eirini, Lecuye, Lou, Bunnefeld, Nils, Butler, James R. A., Fickel, Thomas, Hodgson, Isla, Holtkamp, Carolin, Marzano, Mariella, Parra, Constanza, Pereira, Laura, Petit, Sandrine, Pound, Diana, Rodriguez Fernandez, Iokine, Ryan, Paul, Staffler, Jutta, Vanbergen, Adam J., van den Broeck, Pieter, Wittmer, Heidi, and Young, Juliette C.

Subjects
Agriculture and Soil Science
Abstract

Transformative changes in agriculture at multiple scales are needed to ensure sustainability, i.e. achieving food security while fostering social justice and environmental integrity. These transformations go beyond technological fixes and require fundamental changes in cognitive, relational, structural and functional aspects of agricultural systems. However, research on agricultural transformations fails to engage deeply with underlying social aspects such as differing perceptions of sustainability, uncertainties and ambiguities, politics of knowledge, power imbalances and deficits in democracy. In this paper, we suggest that conflict is one manifestation of such underlying social aspects. We present an original conceptualization and analytical framework, wherein conflict is recognized as an important motor for redistribution of power and leverage for social learning that—if addressed through a conflict transformation process—could potentially create a step-change in agricultural transformation towards greater sustainability. Our analysis, building on an extensive literature review and empirical case studies from around the world, suggests a novel approach to guide future transdisciplinary research that can support agricultural transformations towards sustainability.

Published
2020
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29. Pollinator monitoring more than pays for itself

Author

Breeze, Tom D., Bailey, Alison P., Balcombe, Kelvin G., Brereton, Tom, Comont, Richard, Edwards, Mike, Garratt, Michael P., Harvey, Martin, Hawes, Cathy, Isaac, Nick, Jitlal, Mark, Jones, Catherine M., Kunin, William E., Lee, Paul, Morris, Roger K.A., Musgrove, Andy, O'Connor, Rory S., Peyton, Jodey, Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P.M., Roy, David B., Roy, Helen E., Tang, Cuong Q., Vanbergen, Adam J., Carvell, Claire, Breeze, Tom D., Bailey, Alison P., Balcombe, Kelvin G., Brereton, Tom, Comont, Richard, Edwards, Mike, Garratt, Michael P., Harvey, Martin, Hawes, Cathy, Isaac, Nick, Jitlal, Mark, Jones, Catherine M., Kunin, William E., Lee, Paul, Morris, Roger K.A., Musgrove, Andy, O'Connor, Rory S., Peyton, Jodey, Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P.M., Roy, David B., Roy, Helen E., Tang, Cuong Q., Vanbergen, Adam J., and Carvell, Claire

Abstract

1. Resilient pollination services depend on sufficient abundance of pollinating insects over time. Currently, however, most knowledge about the status and trends of pollinators is based on changes in pollinator species richness and distribution only. 2. Systematic, long‐term monitoring of pollinators is urgently needed to provide baseline information on their status, to identify the drivers of declines and to inform suitable response measures. 3. Power analysis was used to determine the number of sites required to detect a 30% change in pollinator populations over 10 years. We then evaluated the full economic costs of implementing four national monitoring schemes in the UK: (a) professional pollinator monitoring, (b) professional pollination service monitoring, (c) volunteer collected pan traps and (d) volunteer focal floral observations. These costs were compared to (a) the costs of implementing separate, expert‐designed research and monitoring networks and (b) the economic benefits of pollination services threatened by pollinator loss. 4. Estimated scheme costs ranged from £6,159/year for a 75‐site volunteer focal flower observation scheme to £2.7 M/year for an 800‐site professional pollination service monitoring network. The estimated research costs saved using the site network as research infrastructure range from £1.46–4.17 M/year. The economic value of UK crop yield lost following a 30% decline in pollinators was estimated at ~£188 M/year. 5. Synthesis and applications: We evaluated the full costs of running pollinator monitoring schemes against the economic benefits to research and society they provide. The annual costs of monitoring are <0.02% of the economic value of pollination services that would be lost after a 30% decline in pollination services. Furthermore, by providing high‐quality scientific data, monitoring schemes would save at least £1.5 on data collection per £1 spent. Our findings demonstrate that long‐term systematic monitoring can be a cost‐e

Published
2021

31. What do we currently know about the impacts of pesticide and fertiliser use in farmland on the effectiveness of adjacent pollinator conservation measures such as flower strips and hedgerows, and what additional research is needed? : an EKLIPSE Expert Working Group report

Author

Alberoni, Daniele, Alix, Anne, Dicks, Lynn, Dietzsch, Anke C., Krahner, André, Kroder, Stefan, Leonhardt, Sara Diana, Mommaerts, Veerle, Mukherjee, Nibedita, Pettis, Jeffery, Delso, Noa Simon, Sançana, Ana, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasileiadis, Vasileios P., van der Kooi, Casper J., Villa, Sara, Whitehorn, Penelope R., Wood, Thomas, Woodcock, Benjamin, Alberoni, D, Alix, A, Dicks, L, Dietzsch, A, Krahner, A, Kroder, S, Leonhardt, S, Mommaerts, V, Mukherjee, N, Pettis, J, Delso, N, Sançana, A, Vanbergen, A, Vasileiadis, V, van der Kooi, C, Villa, S, Whitehorn, P, Wood, T, and Woodcock, B

Subjects
pesticides, conservation measures, pollinators, BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA
Abstract

EKLIPSE received a request by Pollinis on the 30th of June 2018, to produce an overview of the current knowledge and research gaps related to the impacts of pesticide and fertilizer use in farmland on the effectiveness of adjacent pollinator conservation measures. The call was answered through a Joint Fact Finding approach, including a workshop on the 9-10th Jan, 2020 at the Helmholtz Association, Brussels. This report documents the preparatory steps leading to the workshop, the deliberations during the workshop, as well as a summary of the main results and conclusions.A team of knowledge-holders, representing various perspectives, sectors and disciplines, was selected and invited to collate and share their trusted sources of knowledge on the topic. These sources could be reports, scientific papers, articles or online resources, and may not have previously been available to all parties. This body of information was evaluated for relevance to produce the preliminary document that was used as a basis for discussions during the workshop in Brussels. The workshop brought together a team of experts from academia, NGOs, beekeeper organisations, industry, and the requester organisation (Pollinis). The participants discussed the key findings from the identified evidence and knowledge gaps during the first day and identified a list of key research needs and policy recommendations during the second day. In addition to the research needs related to specific conservation measures, several cross-cutting themes emerged during the deliberations. The list of knowledge gaps were scored by the participants based on importance, feasibility and policy impact. Finally a list of policy recommendations were produced based on the outputs of the workshop.

Published
2020

32. Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being

Author

Potts, Simon G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera, Ngo, Hien T., Aizen, Marcelo A., Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Breeze, Thomas D., Dicks, Lynn V., Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hill, Rosemary, Settele, Josef, and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Subjects
Biodiversity -- Observations, Human-environment interactions, Pollination -- Environmental aspects, Environmental management -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Wild and managed pollinators provide a wide range of benefits to society in terms of contributions to food security, farmer and beekeeper livelihoods, social and cultural values, as well as the maintenance of wider biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Pollinators face numerous threats, including changes in land-use and management intensity, climate change, pesticides and genetically modified crops, pollinator management and pathogens, and invasive alien species. There are well-documented declines in some wild and managed pollinators in several regions of the world. However, many effective policy and management responses can be implemented to safeguard pollinators and sustain pollination services., Author(s): Simon G. Potts (corresponding author) [1]; Vera Imperatriz-Fonseca [2]; Hien T. Ngo [3]; Marcelo A. Aizen [4]; Jacobus C. Biesmeijer [5, 6]; Thomas D. Breeze [1]; Lynn V. Dicks [...]

Published
2016
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33. What do we currently know about the impacts of pesticide and fertiliser use in farmland on the effectiveness of adjacent pollinator conservation measures such as flower strips and hedgerows, and what additional research is needed? : an EKLIPSE Expert Working Group report

Author

Alberoni, D, Alix, A, Dicks, L, Dietzsch, A, Krahner, A, Kroder, S, Leonhardt, S, Mommaerts, V, Mukherjee, N, Pettis, J, Delso, N, Sançana, A, Vanbergen, A, Vasileiadis, V, van der Kooi, C, Villa, S, Whitehorn, P, Wood, T, Woodcock, B, Alberoni, Daniele, Alix, Anne, Dicks, Lynn, Dietzsch, Anke C., Krahner, André, Kroder, Stefan, Leonhardt, Sara Diana, Mommaerts, Veerle, Mukherjee, Nibedita, Pettis, Jeffery, Delso, Noa Simon, Sançana, Ana, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasileiadis, Vasileios P., van der Kooi, Casper J., Villa, Sara, Whitehorn, Penelope R., Wood, Thomas, Woodcock, Benjamin, Alberoni, D, Alix, A, Dicks, L, Dietzsch, A, Krahner, A, Kroder, S, Leonhardt, S, Mommaerts, V, Mukherjee, N, Pettis, J, Delso, N, Sançana, A, Vanbergen, A, Vasileiadis, V, van der Kooi, C, Villa, S, Whitehorn, P, Wood, T, Woodcock, B, Alberoni, Daniele, Alix, Anne, Dicks, Lynn, Dietzsch, Anke C., Krahner, André, Kroder, Stefan, Leonhardt, Sara Diana, Mommaerts, Veerle, Mukherjee, Nibedita, Pettis, Jeffery, Delso, Noa Simon, Sançana, Ana, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasileiadis, Vasileios P., van der Kooi, Casper J., Villa, Sara, Whitehorn, Penelope R., Wood, Thomas, and Woodcock, Benjamin

Abstract

EKLIPSE received a request by Pollinis on the 30th of June 2018, to produce an overview of the current knowledge and research gaps related to the impacts of pesticide and fertilizer use in farmland on the effectiveness of adjacent pollinator conservation measures. The call was answered through a Joint Fact Finding approach, including a workshop on the 9-10th Jan, 2020 at the Helmholtz Association, Brussels. This report documents the preparatory steps leading to the workshop, the deliberations during the workshop, as well as a summary of the main results and conclusions.A team of knowledge-holders, representing various perspectives, sectors and disciplines, was selected and invited to collate and share their trusted sources of knowledge on the topic. These sources could be reports, scientific papers, articles or online resources, and may not have previously been available to all parties. This body of information was evaluated for relevance to produce the preliminary document that was used as a basis for discussions during the workshop in Brussels. The workshop brought together a team of experts from academia, NGOs, beekeeper organisations, industry, and the requester organisation (Pollinis). The participants discussed the key findings from the identified evidence and knowledge gaps during the first day and identified a list of key research needs and policy recommendations during the second day. In addition to the research needs related to specific conservation measures, several cross-cutting themes emerged during the deliberations. The list of knowledge gaps were scored by the participants based on importance, feasibility and policy impact. Finally a list of policy recommendations were produced based on the outputs of the workshop.

Published
2020

34. Transformation of agricultural landscapes in the Anthropocene: nature's contributions to people, agriculture and food security

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo A., Cordeau, Stephane, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P.D., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lecuyer, Lou, Ngo, Hien T., Potts, Simon G., Settele, Josef, Skrimizea, Eirini, Young, Juliette C., Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo A., Cordeau, Stephane, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P.D., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lecuyer, Lou, Ngo, Hien T., Potts, Simon G., Settele, Josef, Skrimizea, Eirini, and Young, Juliette C.

Abstract

Multiple anthropogenic challenges threaten nature's contributions to human well-being. Agricultural expansion and conventional intensification are degrading biodiversity and ecosystem functions, thereby undermining the natural foundations on which agriculture is itself built. Averting the worst effects of global environmental change and assuring ecosystem benefits, requires a transformation of agriculture. Alternative agricultural systems to conventional intensification exist, ranging from adjustments to efficiency (e.g. sustainable intensification) to a redesign (e.g. ecological intensification, climate-smart agriculture) of the farm management system. These alternatives vary in their reliance on nature or technology, the level of systemic change required to operate, and impacts on biodiversity, landscapes and agricultural production. Different socio-economic, ecological and political settings mean there is no universal solution, instead there are a suite of interoperable practices that can be adapted to different contexts to maximise efficiency, sustainability and resilience. Social, economic, technological and demographic issues will influence the form of sustainable agriculture and effects on landscapes and biodiversity. These include: (1) the socio-technical-ecological architecture of agricultural and food systems and trends such as urbanisation in affecting the mode of production, diets, lifestyles and attitudes; (2) emerging technologies, such as gene editing, synthetic biology and 3D bioprinting of meat; and (3) the scale or state of the existing farm system, especially pertinent for smallholder agriculture. Agricultural transformation will require multifunctional landscape planning with cross-sectoral and participatory management to avoid unintended consequences and ultimately depends on people's capacity to accept new ways of operating in response to the current environmental crisis.

Published
2020

35. Monitoring insect pollinators and flower visitation: The effectiveness and feasibility of different survey methods

Author

O'Connor, Rory S., primary, Kunin, William E., additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Roy, Helen E., additional, Andrews, Christopher, additional, Jones, Catherine M., additional, Peyton, Jodey M., additional, Savage, Joanna, additional, Harvey, Martin C., additional, Morris, Roger K. A., additional, Roberts, Stuart P. M., additional, Wright, Ivan, additional, Vanbergen, Adam J., additional, and Carvell, Claire, additional

Published
2019
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36. Soil biota, carbon cycling and crop plant biomass responses to biochar in a temperate mesocosm experiment

Author

McCormack, Sarah A., Ostle, Nick, Bardgett, Richard D., Hopkins, David W., Pereira, M. Gloria, Vanbergen, Adam J., McCormack, Sarah A., Ostle, Nick, Bardgett, Richard D., Hopkins, David W., Pereira, M. Gloria, and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Abstract

Background and aims: Biochar addition to soil is a carbon capture and storage option with potential to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, yet the consequences for soil organisms and linked ecosystem processes are inconsistent or unknown. We tested biochar impact on soil biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and their interactions, in temperate agricultural soils. Methods: We performed a 27-month factorial experiment to determine effects of biochar, soil texture, and crop species treatments on microbial biomass (PFLA), soil invertebrate density, crop biomass and ecosystem CO2 flux in plant-soil mesocosms. Results: Overall soil microbial biomass, microarthropod abundance and crop biomass were unaffected by biochar, although there was an increase in fungal-bacterial ratio and a positive relationship between the 16:1ω5 fatty acid marker of AMF mass and collembolan density in the biochar-treated mesocosms. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes were unaffected by biochar, but soil carbon content of biochar-treated mesocosms was significantly lower, signifying a possible movement/loss of biochar or priming effect. Conclusions: Compared to soil texture and crop type, biochar had minimal impact on soil biota, crop production and carbon cycling. Future research should examine subtler effects of biochar on biotic regulation of ecosystem production and if the apparent robustness to biochar weakens over greater time spans or in combination with other ecological perturbations.

Published
2019

37. Monitoring insect pollinators and flower visitation: the effectiveness and feasibility of different survey methods

Author

O'Connor, Rory S., Kunin, William E., Garratt, Michael P.D., Potts, Simon G., Roy, Helen E., Andrews, Christopher, Jones, Catherine M., Peyton, Jodey M., Savage, Joanna, Harvey, Martin C., Morris, Roger K.A., Roberts, Stuart P.M., Wright, Ivan, Vanbergen, Adam J., Carvell, Claire, O'Connor, Rory S., Kunin, William E., Garratt, Michael P.D., Potts, Simon G., Roy, Helen E., Andrews, Christopher, Jones, Catherine M., Peyton, Jodey M., Savage, Joanna, Harvey, Martin C., Morris, Roger K.A., Roberts, Stuart P.M., Wright, Ivan, Vanbergen, Adam J., and Carvell, Claire

Abstract

1. The status of pollinating insects is of international concern, but knowledge of the magnitude and extent of declines is limited by a lack of systematic monitoring. Standardized protocols are urgently needed, alongside a better understanding of how different methods and recorders (data collectors) influence estimates of pollinator abundance and diversity. 2. We compared two common methods for sampling wild pollinating insects (solitary bees, bumblebees and hoverflies), pan traps and transects, in surveys of 1 km countryside squares (agricultural and semi‐natural habitats) and flowering crop fields across Great Britain, including the influence of local floral resources (nectar sugar availability or crop flower density) on the insects sampled. Further, we compared the performance of recorders with differing expertise (non‐specialist research staff, taxonomic experts and non‐expert volunteers) in applying methods. 3. Pan traps and transects produced compositionally distinct samples of pollinator communities. In the wider countryside, pan traps sampled more species of solitary bee and hoverfly. In flowering crops, transects recorded a greater number of individual bumblebees, but fewer species. 4. Across all taxonomic groups and countryside and crop samples, transects generally had lower rates of species accumulation per individual collected than pan traps. This demonstrates that differences between methods in estimating richness are not due to sampling effort alone. However, recorders possessing greater taxonomic expertise can produce species accumulation data from transects that are almost commensurate with pan trapping. 5. The abundance and species richness of pollinators (except solitary bees) on transects in the wider countryside was positively related to the availability of estimated nectar sugar. In crops, pollinator abundance responses to flower densities were idiosyncratic according to crop type, but overall the response was positive and negative for transects

Published
2019

38. Risk to pollinators from anthropogenic electro-magnetic radiation (EMR): evidence and knowledge gaps

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Potts, Simon G., Vian, Alain, Malkemper, E. Pascal, Young, Juliette, Tscheulin, Thomas, Vanbergen, Adam J., Potts, Simon G., Vian, Alain, Malkemper, E. Pascal, Young, Juliette, and Tscheulin, Thomas

Abstract

Worldwide urbanisation and use of mobile and wireless technologies (5G, Internet of Things) is leading to the proliferation of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and campaigning voices continue to call for the risk to human health and wildlife to be recognised. Pollinators provide many benefits to nature and humankind, but face multiple anthropogenic threats. Here, we assess whether artificial light at night (ALAN) and anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (AREMR), such as used in wireless technologies (4G, 5G) or emitted from power lines, represent an additional and growing threat to pollinators. A lack of high quality scientific studies means that knowledge of the risk to pollinators from anthropogenic EMR is either inconclusive, unresolved, or only partly established. A handful of studies provide evidence that ALAN can alter pollinator communities, pollination and fruit set. Laboratory experiments provide some, albeit variable, evidence that the honey bee Apis mellifera and other invertebrates can detect EMR, potentially using it for orientation or navigation, but they do not provide evidence that AREMR affects insect behaviour in ecosystems. Scientifically robust evidence of AREMR impacts on abundance or diversity of pollinators (or other invertebrates) are limited to a single study reporting positive and negative effects depending on the pollinator group and geographical location. Therefore, whether anthropogenic EMR (ALAN or AREMR) poses a significant threat to insect pollinators and the benefits they provide to ecosystems and humanity remains to be established.

Published
2019

39. Florally rich habitats reduce insect pollination and the reproductive success of isolated plants:Pollinator foraging and plant reproduction

Author

Evans, Tracie Marie, Cavers, Stephen, Ennos, Richard, Vanbergen, Adam, and Heard, Matthew

Subjects
Pollen 47 limitation, Viability, fungi, food and beverages, Pollinator foraging, Microsatellites, Outcrossing, Pollen flow, Paternity analysis, Self-fertilisation
Abstract

Landscape heterogeneity in floral communities has the potential to modify pollinator behaviour. Pollinator foraging varies with the diversity, abundance and spatial configuration of floral resources. However, the implications of this variation for pollen transfer and ultimately, the reproductive success of insect pollinated plants remains unclear, especially for species which are rare or isolated in the landscape. We used a landscape-scale experiment, coupled with microsatellite genotyping, to explore how the floral richness of habitats affected pollinator behaviour and pollination effectiveness. Small arrays of the partially self-compatible plant Californian poppy (Eschscholzia californica) were introduced across a landscape gradient to simulate rare, spatially-isolated populations. The effects on pollinator activity, outcrossing and plant reproduction were measured. In florally rich habitats, we found reduced pollen movement between plants, leading to fewer long-distance pollination events, lower plant outcrossing and a higher incidence of pollen limitation. This pattern indicates a potential reduction in per capita pollinator visitation, as suggested by the lower activity densities and richness of pollinators observed within florally rich habitats. In addition, seed production reduced by a factor of 1.8 in plants within florally rich habitats and progeny germination reduced by a factor of 1.2. We show this to be a consequence of self-fertilisation within the partially self-compatible plant, E.californica. These findings indicate that locally rare plants are at a competitive disadvantage within florally rich habitats because neighbouring plant species disrupt conspecific mating by co-opting pollinators. Ultimately, this Allee effect may play an important role in determining the long-term persistence of rarer plants in the landscape, both in terms of seed production and viability. Community context therefore requires consideration when designing and implementing conservation management for plants which are comparatively rare in the landscape.

Published
2017
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40. Design and testing of a national pollinator and pollination monitoring framework

Author

Carvell, Claire, Isaac, Nick, Jitlal, Mark, Peyton, Jodey, Powney, Gary, Roy, David, Vanbergen, Adam, O’Connor, Rory, Jones, Cathrine, Kunin, Bill, Breeze, Tom, Garratt, Michael, Potts, Simon, Harvey, Martin, Ansine, Janice, Comont, Richard, Lee, Paul, Edwards, Mike, Roberts, Stuart, Morris, Roger, Musgrove, Andy, Brereton, Tom, Hawes, Cathy, and Roy, Helen

Published
2017

42. Potential landscape-scale pollinator networks across Great Britain: structure, stability and influence of agricultural land cover

Author

Redhead, John W., Woodcock, Ben A., Pocock, Michael J.O., Pywell, Richard F., Vanbergen, Adam J., Oliver, Tom H., Redhead, John W., Woodcock, Ben A., Pocock, Michael J.O., Pywell, Richard F., Vanbergen, Adam J., and Oliver, Tom H.

Abstract

Understanding spatial variation in the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks, and their relationship with anthropogenic drivers, is key for maintaining pollination services and mitigating declines. Constructing sufficient networks to examine patterns over large spatial scales remains challenging. Using biological records (citizen science), we constructed potential plant–pollinator networks at 10 km resolution across Great Britain, comprising all potential interactions inferred from recorded floral visitation and species co‐occurrence. We calculated network metrics (species richness, connectance, pollinator and plant generality) and adapted existing methods to assess robustness to sequences of simulated plant extinctions across multiple networks. We found positive relationships between agricultural land cover and both pollinator generality and robustness to extinctions under several extinction scenarios. Increased robustness was attributable to changes in plant community composition (fewer extinction‐prone species) and network structure (increased pollinator generality). Thus, traits enabling persistence in highly agricultural landscapes can confer robustness to potential future perturbations on plant–pollinator networks.

Published
2018

43. Risks to pollinators and pollination from invasive alien species

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Espíndola, Anahí, Aizen, Marcelo A., Vanbergen, Adam J., Espíndola, Anahí, and Aizen, Marcelo A.

Abstract

Invasive alien species modify pollinator biodiversity and the services they provide that underpin ecosystem function and human well-being. Building on the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) global assessment of pollinators and pollination, we synthesize current understanding of invasive alien impacts on pollinators and pollination. Invasive alien species create risks and opportunities for pollinator nutrition, re-organize species interactions to affect native pollination and community stability, and spread and select for virulent diseases. Risks are complex but substantial, and depend greatly on the ecological function and evolutionary history of both the invader and the recipient ecosystem. We highlight evolutionary implications for pollination from invasive alien species, and identify future research directions, key messages and options for decision-making.

Published
2018

44. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant chemical defence: effects of colonisation on aboveground and belowground metabolomes

Author

Hill, Elizabeth M., Robinson, Lynne A., Abdul-Sada, Ali, Vanbergen, Adam J., Hodge, Angela, Hartley, Sue E., Hill, Elizabeth M., Robinson, Lynne A., Abdul-Sada, Ali, Vanbergen, Adam J., Hodge, Angela, and Hartley, Sue E.

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonisation of plant roots is one of the most ancient and widespread interactions in ecology, yet the systemic consequences for plant secondary chemistry remain unclear. We performed the first metabolomic investigation into the impact of AMF colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis on the chemical defences, spanning above- and below-ground tissues, in its host-plant ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). We used a non-targeted metabolomics approach to profile, and where possible identify, compounds induced by AMF colonisation in both roots and shoots. Metabolomics analyses revealed that 33 compounds were significantly increased in the root tissue of AMF colonised plants, including seven blumenols, plant-derived compounds known to be associated with AMF colonisation. One of these was a novel structure conjugated with a malonyl-sugar and uronic acid moiety, hitherto an unreported combination. Such structural modifications of blumenols could be significant for their previously reported functional roles associated with the establishment and maintenance of AM colonisation. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), key anti-herbivore defence compounds in ragwort, dominated the metabolomic profiles of root and shoot extracts. Analyses of the metabolomic profiles revealed an increase in four PAs in roots (but not shoots) of AMF colonised plants, with the potential to protect colonised plants from below-ground organisms.

Published
2018

45. Protecting an Ecosystem Service: Approaches to Understanding and Mitigating Threats to Wild Insect Pollinators

Author

Gill, Richard J, Baldock, Katherine C R, Brown, Mark J F, Cresswell, James E, Dicks, Lynn V, Fountain, Michelle T, Garratt, Michael P D, Gough, Leonie A, Heard, Matt S, Holland, John M, Ollerton, Jeff, Stone, Graham N, Tang, Cuong Q, Vanbergen, Adam J, Vogler, Alfried P, Woodward, Guy, Arce, Andres N, Boatman, Nigel D, Brand-Hardy, Richard, Breeze, Tom D, Green, Mike, Hartfield, Chris M, O’Connor, Rory S, Osborne, Juliet L, Phillips, James, Sutton, Peter B, Potts, Simon G, and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

Subjects
Initiatives, CROP POLLINATION, Biodiversity & Conservation, MIXED POLLEN SAMPLES, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Conservation, D700, BEE SPECIES RESPONSES, Ecology and Environment, BUMBLEBEE NEST DENSITY, Pollinator populations and communities, Landscape, Engineered habitat, Pollination demand, FLOWER-VISITING INSECTS, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, 0602 Ecology, Cabot Institute Food Security Research, C100, AGRI-ENVIRONMENT SCHEMES, Agriculture, C200, Food security, EVIDENCE-BASED CONSERVATION, Policy, PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, Ecological networks, Biodiversity Conservation, AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

Insect pollination constitutes an ecosystem service of global importance, providing significant economic and aesthetic benefits as well as cultural value to human society, alongside vital ecological processes in terrestrial ecosystems. It is therefore important to understand how insect pollinator populations and communities respond to rapidly changing environments if we are to maintain healthy and effective pollinator services. This chapter considers the importance of conserving pollinator diversity to maintain a suite of functional traits and provide a diverse set of pollinator services. We explore how we can better understand and mitigate the factors that threaten insect pollinator richness, placing our discussion within the context of populations in predominantly agricultural landscapes in addition to urban environments. We highlight a selection of important evidence gaps, with a number of complementary research steps that can be taken to better understand: (i) the stability of pollinator communities in different landscapes in order to provide diverse pollinator services; (ii) how we can study the drivers of population change to mitigate the effects and support stable sources of pollinator services and (iii) how we can manage habitats in complex landscapes to support insect pollinators and provide sustainable pollinator services for the future. We advocate a collaborative effort to gain higher quality abundance data to understand the stability of pollinator populations and predict future trends. In addition, for effective mitigation strategies to be adopted, researchers need to conduct rigorous field testing of outcomes under different landscape settings, acknowledge the needs of end-users when developing research proposals and consider effective methods of knowledge transfer to ensure effective uptake of actions.

Published
2016
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46. Summary for policymakers of the assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production

Author

Potts, Simon G., Imperatriz Fonseca, Vera, Ngo, Hien T., Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Breeze, Thomas D., Dicks, Lynn, Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro, Hill, Rosemary, Settele, Josef, Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo Adrian, Cunningham, S. A., Eardley, C., Freitas, B. M., Gallai, N., Kevan, P. G., Kovács Hostyánszki, A., Kwapong, P. K., Li, J., Li, Xiaolin, Martins, D. J., Nates Parra, G., Pettis, J. S., Rader, R., and Viana, B. F.

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], POLLINATION, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1 [https], BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], FOOD PRODUCTION, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract

The thematic assessment of pollinators, pollination and food production carried out under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services aims to assess animal pollination as a regulating ecosystem service underpinning food production in the context of its contribution to nature’s gifts to people and supporting a good quality of life. To achieve this, it focuses on the role of native and managed pollinators, the status and trends of pollinators and pollinator-plant networks and pollination, drivers of change, impacts on human well-being, food production in response to pollination declines and deficits and the effectiveness of responses. Fil: Potts, Simon G.. No especifíca; Fil: Imperatriz Fonseca, Vera. No especifíca; Fil: Ngo, Hien T.. No especifíca; Fil: Biesmeijer, Jacobus C.. No especifíca; Fil: Breeze, Thomas D.. No especifíca; Fil: Dicks, Lynn. No especifíca; Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina Fil: Hill, Rosemary. No especifíca; Fil: Settele, Josef. No especifíca; Fil: Vanbergen, Adam J.. No especifíca; Fil: Aizen, Marcelo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina Fil: Cunningham, S. A.. No especifíca; Fil: Eardley, C.. No especifíca; Fil: Freitas, B. M.. No especifíca; Fil: Gallai, N.. No especifíca; Fil: Kevan, P. G.. No especifíca; Fil: Kovács Hostyánszki, A.. No especifíca; Fil: Kwapong, P. K.. No especifíca; Fil: Li, J.. No especifíca; Fil: Li, Xiaolin. No especifíca; Fil: Martins, D. J.. No especifíca; Fil: Nates Parra, G.. No especifíca; Fil: Pettis, J. S.. No especifíca; Fil: Rader, R.. No especifíca; Fil: Viana, B. F.. No especifíca

Published
2016

48. The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N., Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha L. L., Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen R. P., Alhusseini, Tamera I., Bedford, Felicity E., Bennett, Dominic J., Booth, Hollie, Burton, Victoria J., Chng, Charlotte W. T., Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David L. P., Day, Julie, Echeverria-Londono, Susy, Emerson, Susan R., Gao, Di, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle L. K., Ingram, Daniel J., Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D., Pan, Yuan, Pask-Hale, Gwilym D., Pynegar, Edwin L., Robinson, Alexandra N., Sanchez-Ortiz, Katia, Senior, Rebecca A., Simmons, Benno I., White, Hannah J., Zhang, Hanbin, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B., Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A., Albertos, Belen, Alcala, E. L., del Mar Alguacil, Maria, Alignier, Audrey, Ancrenaz, Marc, Andersen, Alan N., Arbelaez-Cortes, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor, Aumann, Tom, Axmacher, Jan C., Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrian B., Baeten, Lander, Bakayoko, Adama, Baldi, Andras, Banks, John E., Baral, Sharad K., Barlow, Jos, Barratt, Barbara I. P., Barrico, Lurdes, Bartolommei, Paola, Barton, Diane M., Basset, Yves, Batary, Peter, Bates, Adam J., Baur, Bruno, Bayne, Erin M., Beja, Pedro, Benedick, Suzan, Berg, Ake, Bernard, Henry, Berry, Nicholas J., Bhatt, Dinesh, Bicknell, Jake E., Bihn, Jochen H., Blake, Robin J., Bobo, Kadiri S., Bocon, Roberto, Boekhout, Teun, Bohning-Gaese, Katrin, Bonham, Kevin J., Borges, Paulo A. V., Borges, Sergio H., Boutin, Celine, Bouyer, Jeremy, Bragagnolo, Cibele, Brandt, Jodi S., Brearley, Francis Q., Brito, Isabel, Bros, Vicenc, Brunet, Jorg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buddle, Christopher M., Bugter, Rob, Buscardo, Erika, Buse, Joern, Cabra-Garcia, Jimmy, Caceres, Nilton C., Cagle, Nicolette L., Calvino-Cancela, Maria, Cameron, Sydney A., Cancello, Eliana M., Caparros, Rut, Cardoso, Pedro, Carpenter, Dan, Carrijo, Tiago F., Carvalho, Anelena L., Cassano, Camila R., Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A., Cerda, Rolando B., Cerezo, Alexis, Chapman, Kim Alan, Chauvat, Matthieu, Christensen, Morten, Clarke, Francis M., Cleary, Daniel F. R., Colombo, Giorgio, Connop, Stuart P., Craig, Michael D., Cruz-Lopez, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A., D'Aniello, Biagio, D'Cruze, Neil, da Silva, Pedro Giovani, Dallimer, Martin, Danquah, Emmanuel, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Davis, Adrian L. V., Dawson, Jeff, de Sassi, Claudio, de Thoisy, Benoit, Deheuvels, Olivier, Dejean, Alain, Devineau, Jean-Louis, Diekoetter, Tim, Dolia, Jignasu V., Dominguez, Erwin, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dorn, Silvia, Draper, Isabel, Dreber, Niels, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G., Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Eggleton, Paul, Eigenbrod, Felix, Elek, Zoltan, Entling, Martin H., Esler, Karen J., De Lima, Ricardo F., Faruk, Aisyah, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M., Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M., Fensham, Roderick J., Fernandez, Ignacio C., Ferreira, Catarina C., Ficetola, Gentile F., Fiera, Cristina, Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Firincioglu, Huseyin K., Flaspohler, David, Floren, Andreas, Fonte, Steven J., Fournier, Anne, Fowler, Robert E., Franzen, Markus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Freire-, Geraldo B., Jr., Frizzo, Tiago L. M., Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Gaigher, Rene, Ganzhorn, Joerg U., Garcia, Karla P., Garcia-R, Juan C., Garden, Jenni G., Garilleti, Ricardo, Ge, Bao-Ming, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gerard, Philippa J., Gheler-Costa, Carla, Gilbert, Benjamin, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Golodets, Carly, Gomes, Laurens G. L., Gould, Rachelle K., Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D., Granjon, Laurent, Grass, Ingo, Gray, Claudia L., Grogan, James, Gu, Weibin, Guardiola, Moises, Gunawardene, Nihara R., Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Gutierrez-Lamus, Doris L., Haarmeyer, Daniela H., Hanley, Mick E., Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R., Hassan, Shombe N., Hatfield, Richard G., Hawes, Joseph E., Hayward, Matt W., Hebert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J., Henden, John-Andre, Henschel, Philipp, Hernandez, Lionel, Herrera, James P., Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Hofer, Hubert, Hoffmann, Anke, Horgan, Finbarr G., Hornung, Elisabeth, Horvath, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishida, Hiroaki, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T., Jaramillo, Victor J., Jauker, Birgit, Jimenez Hernandez, F., Johnson, McKenzie F., Jolli, Virat, Jonsell, Mats, Juliani, S. 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L., Gould, Rachelle K., Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D., Granjon, Laurent, Grass, Ingo, Gray, Claudia L., Grogan, James, Gu, Weibin, Guardiola, Moises, Gunawardene, Nihara R., Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Gutierrez-Lamus, Doris L., Haarmeyer, Daniela H., Hanley, Mick E., Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R., Hassan, Shombe N., Hatfield, Richard G., Hawes, Joseph E., Hayward, Matt W., Hebert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J., Henden, John-Andre, Henschel, Philipp, Hernandez, Lionel, Herrera, James P., Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Hofer, Hubert, Hoffmann, Anke, Horgan, Finbarr G., Hornung, Elisabeth, Horvath, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishida, Hiroaki, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T., Jaramillo, Victor J., Jauker, Birgit, Jimenez Hernandez, F., Johnson, McKenzie F., Jolli, Virat, Jonsell, Mats, Juliani, S. Nur, Jung, Thomas S., Kapoor, Vena, Kappes, Heike, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kellner, Klaus, Kessler, Michael, Kirby, Kathryn R., Kittle, Andrew M., Knight, Mairi E., Knop, Eva, Kohler, Florian, Koivula, Matti, Kolb, Annette, Kone, Mouhamadou, Koroesi, Adam, Krauss, Jochen, Kumar, Ajith, Kumar, Raman, Kurz, David J., Kutt, Alex S., Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Lara, Francisco, Lasky, Jesse R., Latta, Steven C., Laurance, William F., Lavelle, Patrick, Le Feon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Legare, Jean-Philippe, Lehouck, Valerie, Lencinas, Maria V., Lentini, Pia E., Letcher, Susan G., Li, Qi, Litchwark, Simon A., Littlewood, Nick A., Liu, Yunhui, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy, Lopez-Quintero, Carlos A., Louhaichi, Mounir, Lovei, Gabor L., Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H., Luskin, Matthew S., MacSwiney G, M. 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J., Poggio, Santiago L., Politi, Natalia, Pons, Pere, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F., Presley, Steven J., Proenca, Vania, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Ramesh, B. R., Ramirez-Pinilla, Martha P., Ranganathan, Jai, Rasmussen, Claus, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A., Reid, J. Leighton, Reis, Yana T., Rey Benayas, Jose M., Carlos Rey-Velasco, Juan, Reynolds, Chevonne, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richards, Miriam H., Richardson, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Macip Rios, Rodrigo, Robinson, Richard, Robles, Carolina A., Roembke, Joerg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Ros, Matthias, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J., Roth, Dana S., Roulston, T'ai H., Rousseau, Laurent, Rubio, Andre V., Ruel, Jean-Claude, Sadler, Jonathan P., Safian, Szabolcs, Saldana-Vazquez, Romeo A., Sam, Katerina, Samnegard, Ulrika, Santana, Joana, Santos, Xavier, Savage, Jade, Schellhorn, Nancy A., Schilthuizen, Menno, Schmiedel, Ute, Schmitt, Christine B., Schon, Nicole L., Schuepp, Christof, Schumann, Katharina, Schweiger, Oliver, Scott, Dawn M., Scott, Kenneth A., Sedlock, Jodi L., Seefeldt, Steven S., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Shannon, Graeme, Sheil, Douglas, Sheldon, Frederick H., Shochat, Eyal, Siebert, Stefan J., Silva, Fernando A. B., Simonetti, Javier A., Slade, Eleanor M., Smith, Jo, Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Sodhi, Navjot S., Somarriba, Eduardo J., Sosa, Ramon A., Soto Quiroga, Grimaldo, St-Laurent, Martin-Hugues, Starzomski, Brian M., Stefanescu, Constanti, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stouffer, Philip C., Stout, Jane C., Strauch, Ayron M., Struebig, Matthew J., Su, Zhimin, Suarez-Rubio, Marcela, Sugiura, Shinji, Summerville, Keith S., Sung, Yik-Hei, Sutrisno, Hari, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Teder, Tiit, Threlfall, Caragh G., Tiitsaar, Anu, Todd, Jacqui H., Tonietto, Rebecca K., Torre, Ignasi, Tothmeresz, Bela, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C., Tylianakis, Jason M., Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Urbina-Cardona, Nicolas, Vallan, Denis, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A. F., Verdasca, Maria Joao, Verdu, Jose R., Vergara, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Verhulst, Jort, Virgilio, Massimiliano, Van Vu, Lien, Waite, Edward M., Walker, Tony R., Wang, Hua-Feng, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I., Weller, Britta, Wells, Konstans, Westphal, Catrin, Wiafe, Edward D., Williams, Christopher D., Willig, Michael R., Woinarski, John C. Z., Wolf, Jan H. D., Wolters, Volkmar, Woodcock, Ben A., Wu, Jihua, Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr., Yamaura, Yuichi, Yoshikura, Satoko, Yu, Douglas W., Zaitsev, Andrey S., Zeidler, Juliane, Zou, Fasheng, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M., Mace, Georgina M., Purves, Drew W., Scharlemann, Joern P. W., and Purvis, Andy

Abstract

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

Published
2017
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49. The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N., Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha L. L., Lysenko, Igor, Palma, Adriana de, Phillips, Helen R. P., Senior, Rebecca A., Bennett, Dominic J., Booth, Hollie, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David L. P., Day, Julie, Echeverria-Londono, Susy, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle L. K., Ingram, Daniel J., Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D., Pan, Yuan, White, Hannah J., Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B., Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo, Ancrenaz, Marc, Arbelaez-Cortes, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B., Baeten, Lander, Báldi, András, Banks, John E., Barlow, Jos, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J., Bayne, Erin M., Beja, Pedro, Berg, Åke, Berry, Nicholas J., Bicknell, Jake E., Bihn, Jochen H., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boekhout, Teun, Boutin, Celine, Bouyer, Jeremy, Brearley, Francis Q., Brito, Isabel, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buscardo, Erika, Cabra-Garcia, Jimmy, Calvino-Cancela, Maria, Cameron, Sydney A., Cancello, Eliana M., Carrijo, Tiago F., Carvalho, Anelena L., Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro Antonio, Cerda, Rolando, Cerezo, Alexis, Chauvat, Matthieu, Clarke, Frank M., Cleary, Daniel F. R., Connop, Stuart P., D'Aniello, Biagio, Silva, Pedro Giovani da, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Dejean, Alain, Diekötter, Tim, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dormann, Carsten F., Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G., Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Elek, Zoltan, Entling, Martin H., Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M., Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M., Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Fonte, Steve J., Fraser, Lauchlan H., Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Garden, Jenni G., Gheler-Costa, Carla, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Gottschalk, Marco S., Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D., Grogan, James, Hanley, Mick E., Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R., Hawes, Joseph E., Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J., Henden, John-André, Hernández, Lionel, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Horgan, Finbarr G., Horvath, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishitani, Mashiro, Jacobs, Carmen T., Jaramillo, Victor J., Jauker, Birgit, Jonsell, Matts, Jung, Thomas S., Kapoor, Vena, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kessler, Michael, Knop, Eva, Kolb, Annette, Körösi, Àdám, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Letcher, Susan G., Littlewood, Nick A., López-Quintero, Carlos A., Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L., Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H., Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin D., Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marshall, Edward Jon P., Martínez, Eliana, Mayfield, Margaret M., Mikusinski, Gregorz, Milder, Jeffery C., Miller, James R., Morales, Carolina L., Muriithi-Muchane, Mary Nyawira, Muchane, Muchai, Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Akihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarerete Gutierrez, Dario A., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Nöske, Nicole M., O'Dea, Niall, Oduro, William, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Chris O., Osgathorpe, Lynne M., Paritsis, Juan, Parrah, Alejandro, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Peres, Carlos A., Persson, Anna S., Petanidou, Theodora, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T. Keith, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F., Presley, Steven J., Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A., Reid, J. Leighton, Reis, Yana T., Ribeiro, Danilo B., Richardson, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Robles, Carolina A., Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J., Roulston, T'ai H., Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan P., Sáfián, Szbolcs, Saldaña-Vásquez, Romeo A., Samnegård, Ulrika, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Sedlock, Jodi L., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Sheil, Douglas, Silva, Fernando A. B., Slade, Eleanor, Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Sodhi, Navjot S., Somarriba, Eduardo J., Sosa, Ramón A., Stout, Jane C., Struebig, Matthew J., Sung, Yik-Hei, Threlfall, Caragh G., Tonietto, Rebecca, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C., Tylianakis, Jason M., Vanbergen, Adam J., Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A. F., Vergara, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Verhulst, Jort, Walker, Tony R., Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I., Wells, Konstans, Williams, Christopher D., Willig, Michael R., Woinarski, John Casimir Zichy, Wolf, Jan H. D., Woodcock, Ben A., Yu, Douglas W., Zailsev, Andreys, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M., Mace, Georgina M., Purves, Drew W., Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Pervis, Andy, Hudson, Lawrence N., Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha L. L., Lysenko, Igor, Palma, Adriana de, Phillips, Helen R. P., Senior, Rebecca A., Bennett, Dominic J., Booth, Hollie, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David L. P., Day, Julie, Echeverria-Londono, Susy, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle L. K., Ingram, Daniel J., Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D., Pan, Yuan, White, Hannah J., Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B., Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo, Ancrenaz, Marc, Arbelaez-Cortes, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B., Baeten, Lander, Báldi, András, Banks, John E., Barlow, Jos, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J., Bayne, Erin M., Beja, Pedro, Berg, Åke, Berry, Nicholas J., Bicknell, Jake E., Bihn, Jochen H., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boekhout, Teun, Boutin, Celine, Bouyer, Jeremy, Brearley, Francis Q., Brito, Isabel, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buscardo, Erika, Cabra-Garcia, Jimmy, Calvino-Cancela, Maria, Cameron, Sydney A., Cancello, Eliana M., Carrijo, Tiago F., Carvalho, Anelena L., Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro Antonio, Cerda, Rolando, Cerezo, Alexis, Chauvat, Matthieu, Clarke, Frank M., Cleary, Daniel F. R., Connop, Stuart P., D'Aniello, Biagio, Silva, Pedro Giovani da, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Dejean, Alain, Diekötter, Tim, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dormann, Carsten F., Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G., Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Elek, Zoltan, Entling, Martin H., Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M., Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M., Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Fonte, Steve J., Fraser, Lauchlan H., Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Garden, Jenni G., Gheler-Costa, Carla, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Gottschalk, Marco S., Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D., Grogan, James, Hanley, Mick E., Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R., Hawes, Joseph E., Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J., Henden, John-André, Hernández, Lionel, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Horgan, Finbarr G., Horvath, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishitani, Mashiro, Jacobs, Carmen T., Jaramillo, Victor J., Jauker, Birgit, Jonsell, Matts, Jung, Thomas S., Kapoor, Vena, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kessler, Michael, Knop, Eva, Kolb, Annette, Körösi, Àdám, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Letcher, Susan G., Littlewood, Nick A., López-Quintero, Carlos A., Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L., Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H., Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin D., Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marshall, Edward Jon P., Martínez, Eliana, Mayfield, Margaret M., Mikusinski, Gregorz, Milder, Jeffery C., Miller, James R., Morales, Carolina L., Muriithi-Muchane, Mary Nyawira, Muchane, Muchai, Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Akihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarerete Gutierrez, Dario A., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Nöske, Nicole M., O'Dea, Niall, Oduro, William, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Chris O., Osgathorpe, Lynne M., Paritsis, Juan, Parrah, Alejandro, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Peres, Carlos A., Persson, Anna S., Petanidou, Theodora, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T. Keith, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F., Presley, Steven J., Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A., Reid, J. Leighton, Reis, Yana T., Ribeiro, Danilo B., Richardson, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Robles, Carolina A., Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J., Roulston, T'ai H., Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan P., Sáfián, Szbolcs, Saldaña-Vásquez, Romeo A., Samnegård, Ulrika, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Sedlock, Jodi L., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Sheil, Douglas, Silva, Fernando A. B., Slade, Eleanor, Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Sodhi, Navjot S., Somarriba, Eduardo J., Sosa, Ramón A., Stout, Jane C., Struebig, Matthew J., Sung, Yik-Hei, Threlfall, Caragh G., Tonietto, Rebecca, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C., Tylianakis, Jason M., Vanbergen, Adam J., Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A. F., Vergara, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Verhulst, Jort, Walker, Tony R., Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I., Wells, Konstans, Williams, Christopher D., Willig, Michael R., Woinarski, John Casimir Zichy, Wolf, Jan H. D., Woodcock, Ben A., Yu, Douglas W., Zailsev, Andreys, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M., Mace, Georgina M., Purves, Drew W., Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., and Pervis, Andy

Abstract

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.

Published
2017

50. Dispersal capacity shapes responses of river island invertebrate assemblages to vegetation structure, island area, and flooding

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Woodcock, Ben A., Gray, Alan, Andrews, Christopher, Ives, Stephen, Kjeldsen, Thomas R., Laize, Cedric L.R., Chapman, Daniel S., Butler, Adam, O'Hare, Matthew T., Vanbergen, Adam J., Woodcock, Ben A., Gray, Alan, Andrews, Christopher, Ives, Stephen, Kjeldsen, Thomas R., Laize, Cedric L.R., Chapman, Daniel S., Butler, Adam, and O'Hare, Matthew T.

Abstract

1. Riparian invertebrate communities occupy a dynamic ecotone where hydrogeomorphological (e.g. river flows) and ecological (e.g. succession) processes may govern assemblage structure by filtering species according to their traits (e.g. dispersal capacity, niche). 2. We surveyed terrestrial invertebrate assemblages (millipedes, carabid beetles, spiders) in 28 river islands across four river catchments over two years. We predicted that distinct ecological niches would produce taxon-specific responses of abundance and species richness to: i) disturbance from episodic floods, ii) island area, iii) island vegetation structure and iv) landscape structure. We also predicted that responses would differ according to species’ dispersal ability (aerial vs terrestrial only), indicating migration was sustaining community structure. 3. Invertebrate abundance and richness was affected by different combinations of vegetation structure, island area and flood disturbance according to species’ dispersal capacity. Carabid abundance related negatively to episodic floods, particularly for flightless species, but the other taxa were insensitive to this disturbance. Larger islands supported greater abundance of carabids and all invertebrates able to disperse aerially. Vegetation structure, particularly tree canopy density and plant richness, related positively to invertebrate abundance across all taxa and aerial dispersers, whereas terrestrial disperser richness related positively to tree cover. Landscape structure did not influence richness or abundance. 4. Multiple ecological processes govern riparian invertebrate assemblages. Overall insensitivity to flood disturbance and responses contingent on dispersal mode imply that spatial dynamics subsidize the communities through immigration. Particular habitat features (e.g. trees, speciose vegetation) may provide refuges from disturbance and concentration of niches and food resources.

Published
2017

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