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Your search keyword '"Valadez, Emilio A."' showing total 12 results
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2. Association of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure With Psychological, Behavioral, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Author

Lees, Briana, Mewton, Louise, Jacobus, Joanna, Valadez, Emilio A, Stapinski, Lexine A, Teesson, Maree, Tapert, Susan F, and Squeglia, Lindsay M

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Substance Misuse, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Pediatric, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Clinical Research, Pediatric Research Initiative, Mental Health, Behavioral and Social Science, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Brain, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Cognition, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ethanol, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Brain Development, Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Psychopathology, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

ObjectiveData on the neurodevelopmental and associated behavioral effects of light to moderate in utero alcohol exposure are limited. This retrospective investigation tested for associations between reported maternal prenatal alcohol use and psychological, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in substance-naive youths.MethodsParticipants were 9,719 youths (ages 9.0 to 10.9 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Based on parental reports, 2,518 (25.9%) had been exposed to alcohol in utero. Generalized additive mixed models and multilevel cross-sectional and longitudinal mediation models were used to test whether prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with psychological, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes, and whether differences in brain structure and resting-state functional connectivity partially explained these associations at baseline and 1-year follow-up, after controlling for possible confounding factors.ResultsPrenatal alcohol exposure of any severity was associated with greater psychopathology, attention deficits, and impulsiveness, with some effects showing a dose-dependent response. Children with prenatal alcohol exposure, compared with those without, displayed greater cerebral and regional volume and greater regional surface area. Resting-state functional connectivity was largely unaltered in children with in utero exposure. Some of the psychological and behavioral outcomes at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up were partially explained by differences in brain structure among youths who had been exposed to alcohol in utero.ConclusionsAny alcohol use during pregnancy is associated with subtle yet significant psychological and behavioral effects in children. Women should continue to be advised to abstain from alcohol consumption from conception throughout pregnancy.

Published
2020

4. Development of Neural Mechanisms Underlying Threat Processing:Associations With Childhood Social Reticence and Adolescent Anxiety

Author

Harrewijn, Anita, Ruiz, Sonia G., Abend, Rany, Haller, Simone P., Subar, Anni R., Swetlitz, Caroline, Valadez, Emilio A., Brotman, Melissa A., Chen, Gang, Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea, Leibenluft, Ellen, Bar-Haim, Yair, Fox, Nathan A., Pine, Daniel S., Harrewijn, Anita, Ruiz, Sonia G., Abend, Rany, Haller, Simone P., Subar, Anni R., Swetlitz, Caroline, Valadez, Emilio A., Brotman, Melissa A., Chen, Gang, Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea, Leibenluft, Ellen, Bar-Haim, Yair, Fox, Nathan A., and Pine, Daniel S.

Abstract

Background: Social reticence in early childhood is characterized by shy and anxiously avoidant behavior, and it confers risk for pediatric anxiety disorders later in development. Aberrant threat processing may play a critical role in this association between early reticent behavior and later psychopathology. The goal of this longitudinal study is to characterize developmental trajectories of neural mechanisms underlying threat processing and relate these trajectories to associations between early-childhood social reticence and adolescent anxiety. Methods: In this 16-year longitudinal study, social reticence was assessed from 2 to 7 years of age; anxiety symptoms and neural mechanisms during the dot-probe task were assessed at 10, 13, and 16 years of age. The sample included 144 participants: 71 children provided data at age 10 (43 girls, meanage = 10.62), 85 at age 13 (46 girls, meanage = 13.25), and 74 at age 16 (36 girls, meanage = 16.27). Results: A significant interaction manifested among social reticence, anxiety symptoms, and time, on functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, voxelwise p < .001, clusterwise familywise error p < .05. Children with high social reticence showed a negative association between amygdala–dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity and anxiety symptoms with age, compared to children with low social reticence, suggesting distinct neurodevelopmental pathways to anxiety. Conclusions: These findings were present across all conditions, suggesting task-general effects in potential threat processing. Additionally, the timing of these neurodevelopmental pathways differed for children with high versus low social reticence, which could affect the timing of effective preventive interventions.

Published
2023

6. Annual Research Review: Developmental pathways linking early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety

Author

Fox, Nathan A., Fox, Nathan A., Zeytinoglu, Selin, Valadez, Emilio A., Buzzell, George A., Morales, Santiago, Henderson, Heather A., Fox, Nathan A., Fox, Nathan A., Zeytinoglu, Selin, Valadez, Emilio A., Buzzell, George A., Morales, Santiago, and Henderson, Heather A.

Abstract

Behavioral Inhibition is a temperament identified in the first years of life that enhances the risk for development of anxiety during late childhood and adolescence. Amongst children characterized with this temperament, only around 40 percent go on to develop anxiety disorders, meaning that more than half of these children do not. Over the past 20 years, research has documented within-child and socio-contextual factors that support differing developmental pathways. This review provides a historical perspective on the research documenting the origins of this temperament, its biological correlates, and the factors that enhance or mitigate risk for development of anxiety. We review as well, research findings from two longitudinal cohorts that have identified moderators of behavioral inhibition in understanding pathways to anxiety. Research on these moderators has led us to develop the Detection and Dual Control (DDC) framework to understand differing developmental trajectories among behaviorally inhibited children. In this review, we use this framework to explain why and how specific cognitive and socio-contextual factors influence differential pathways to anxiety versus resilience.

Published
2022

10. How do we trust strangers? The neural correlates of decision making and outcome evaluation of generalized trust.

Author

Yiwen Wang, Zhen Zhang, Yiming Jing, Valadez, Emilio A., and Simons, Robert F.

Subjects
STRANGERS, TRUST, DECISION making, SOCIAL capital, EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology), PRINCIPAL components analysis
Abstract

This study investigates the brain correlates of decisionmaking and outcome evaluation of generalized trust (i.e. trust in unfamiliar social agents)--a core component of social capital which facilitates civic cooperation and economic exchange. We measured 18 (9male) Chinese participants' event-related potentials while they played the role of the trustor in a one-shot trust game with unspecified social agents (trustees) allegedly selected from a large representative sample. At the decisionmaking phase, greater N2 amplitudes were found for trustors' distrusting decisions compared to trusting decisions, which may reflect greater cognitive control exerted to distrust. Source localization identified the precentral gyrus as one possible neuronal generator of this N2 component. At the outcome evaluation phase, principal components analysis revealed that the so called feedback-related negativity was in fact driven by a reward positivity, which was greater in response to gain feedback compared to loss feedback. This reduced reward positivity following loss feedbackmay indicate that the absence of reward for trusting decisions was unexpected by the trustor. In addition, we found preliminary evidence suggesting that the decisionmaking processesmay differ between high trustors and low trustors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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11. DEEP: A dual EEG pipeline for developmental hyperscanning studies

Author

Kayhan, Ezgi, Matthes, Daniel, Marriott Haresign, Ira, Bánki, Anna, Michel, Christine, Langeloh, Miriam, Wass, Sam, Hoehl, Stefanie, Morales, Santiago, Buzzell, George (PhD), Valadez, Emilio (PhD), Fox, Nathan, and Hunnius, Sabine (M.Sc.)

Subjects
ddc:610, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Abstract

Cutting-edge hyperscanning methods led to a paradigm shift in social neuroscience. It allowed researchers to measure dynamic mutual alignment of neural processes between two or more individuals in naturalistic contexts. The ever-growing interest in hyperscanning research calls for the development of transparent and validated data analysis methods to further advance the field. We have developed and tested a dual electroencephalography (EEG) analysis pipeline, namely DEEP. Following the preprocessing of the data, DEEP allows users to calculate Phase Locking Values (PLVs) and cross-frequency PLVs as indices of inter-brain phase alignment of dyads as well as time-frequency responses and EEG power for each participant. The pipeline also includes scripts to control for spurious correlations. Our goal is to contribute to open and reproducible science practices by making DEEP publicly available together with an example mother-infant EEG hyperscanning dataset., Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe; 799

Published
2022
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12. DEEP: A dual EEG pipeline for developmental hyperscanning studies

Author

Ezgi Kayhan, Daniel Matthes, Ira Marriott Haresign, Anna Bánki, Christine Michel, Miriam Langeloh, Sam Wass, Stefanie Hoehl, Buzzell, George (PhD), Valadez, Emilio (PhD), Morales, Santiago, Fox, Nathan, and Hunnius, Sabine (M.Sc.)

Subjects
Dual EEG analysis, Adult-child interaction, Brain Mapping, Phase Locking Value, Developmental hyperscanning, Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain, Mothers, Electroencephalography, Extern, Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften, Cross-frequency PLV, PLV, Humans, FieldTrip, Female, ddc:610
Abstract

Cutting-edge hyperscanning methods led to a paradigm shift in social neuroscience. It allowed researchers to measure dynamic mutual alignment of neural processes between two or more individuals in naturalistic contexts. The ever-growing interest in hyperscanning research calls for the development of transparent and validated data analysis methods to further advance the field. We have developed and tested a dual electroencephalography (EEG) analysis pipeline, namely DEEP. Following the preprocessing of the data, DEEP allows users to calculate Phase Locking Values (PLVs) and cross-frequency PLVs as indices of inter-brain phase alignment of dyads as well as time-frequency responses and EEG power for each participant. The pipeline also includes scripts to control for spurious correlations. Our goal is to contribute to open and reproducible science practices by making DEEP publicly available together with an example mother-infant EEG hyperscanning dataset.

Published
2021

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