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Specialized proresolving mediators and, in particular, 5(S), (6)R, 7-trihydroxyheptanoic acid methyl ester (BML-111) emerge as new therapeutic tools to prevent cardiac dysfunction and deleterious cardiac damage associated with myocarditis progression. The cardioprotective role of BML-111 is mainly caused by the prevention of increased oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) down-regulation induced by myocarditis. At the molecular level, BML-111 activates NRF2 signaling, which prevents sarcoplasmic reticulum–adenosine triphosphatase 2A down-regulation and Ca2+ mishandling, and attenuates the cardiac dysfunction and tissue damage induced by myocarditis., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (SAF-2017-84777R), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/01093, PI17/01344, and PI20/01482), Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Proyecto Traslacional 2019 and Asociación del Ritmo Cardiaco (SEC, España), Proyecto Asociación Insuficiencia Cardiaca (Trasplante Cardiaco) 2020, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Fondo Social Europeo, and CIBERCV, a network funded by ISCIII, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PGC2018-097019-B-I00), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad/Agencia Estatal de Investigación 10.13039/501100011033 PID2020-113238RB-I00, PID2019-105600RB-I00, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria grant PRB3 [PT17/0019/0003-ISCIII-SGEFI/ERDF, ProteoRed]), and “la Caixa” Foundation (project code HR17-00247). The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Dr Ruiz-Hurtado is Miguel Servet I researcher of ISCIII (CP15/00129 Carlos III Health Institute). Dr Tamayo and R.I. Jaén, and M. Gil-Fernández were or currently are PhD students funded by the Formación de Profesorado Universitario program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU17/06135; FPU16/00827, FPU1901973).

Dysfunction of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the natural heart pacemaker, is common in heart failure (HF) patients. SAN spontaneous activity relies on various ion currents in the plasma membrane (voltage clock), but intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) release via ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2; Ca2+ clock) plays an important synergetic role. Whereas remodeling of voltage-clock components has been revealed in HF, less is known about possible alterations to the Ca2+ clock. Here, we analyzed [Ca2+]i handling in SAN from a mouse HF model after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and compared it with sham-operated animals. ECG data from awake animals showed slower heart rate in HF mice upon autonomic nervous system blockade, indicating intrinsic sinus node dysfunction. Confocal microscopy analyses of SAN cells within whole tissue showed slower and less frequent [Ca2+]i transients in HF. This correlated with fewer and smaller spontaneous Ca2+ sparks in HF SAN cells, which associated with lower RYR2 protein expression level and reduced phosphorylation at the CaMKII site. Moreover, PLB phosphorylation at the CaMKII site was also decreased in HF, which could lead to reduced sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) function and lower sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, further depressing the Ca2+ clock. The inhibition of CaMKII with KN93 slowed [Ca2+]i transient rate in both groups, but this effect was smaller in HF SAN, consistent with less CaMKII activation. In conclusion, our data uncover that the mechanism of intrinsic pacemaker dysfunction in HF involves reduced CaMKII activation.

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium that can progress to a more severe phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Three main harmful factors determine this progression: inflammation, cell death, and oxidative stress. Lipoxins and their derivatives are endogenous proresolving mediators that induce the resolution of the inflammatory process. This study aims to determine whether these mediators play a protective role in a murine model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) by treating with the lipoxin A4 analog BML‐111. We observed that EAM mice presented extensive infiltration areas that correlated with higher levels of inflammatory and cardiac damage markers. Both parameters were significantly reduced in BML‐treated EAM mice. Consistently, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and emerging fibrosis detected in EAM mice was prevented by BML‐111 treatment. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that treatment with BML‐111 hampered apoptosis and oxidative stress induction by EAM. Moreover, both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that these beneficial effects were mediated by activation of Nrf2 pathway through CaMKK2‐AMPKα kinase pathway. Altogether, our data indicate that treatment with the lipoxin derivative BML‐111 effectively alleviates EAM outcome and prevents cardiac dysfunction, thus, underscoring the therapeutic potential of lipoxins and their derivatives to treat myocarditis and other inflammatory cardiovascular diseases., This work was supported by grants SAF2017‐82436R from MINECO/AEI/FEDER/EU, S2017/BMD‐3686 from Comunidad de Madrid, CIVP18A3864 from Fundación Ramón Areces and CIBERCV (funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and Fondos FEDER.

[Background and Purpose]: The synthetic vitamin D3 analogue paricalcitol acts as a selective activator of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). While there is evidence for cardioprotective effects of paricalcitol associated with the VDR pathway, less information is available about the structural and functional cardiac effects of paricalcitol on established heart failure (HF) and particularly its effects on associated electrophysiological or Ca2+ handling remodelling., [Experimental Approach]: We used a murine model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to study the effect of paricalcitol on established HF. Treatment was initiated 4 weeks after surgery over five consecutive weeks, and mice were sacrificed 9 weeks after surgery. Cardiac MRI (CMRI) was performed 4 and 9 weeks after surgery. Hearts were used for biochemical and histological studies and to isolate ventricular myocytes for electrophysiological and calcium imaging studies., [Key Results]: CMRI analysis revealed that, compared with vehicle, paricalcitol treatment prevented the progression of ventricular dilation and hypertrophy after TAC and halted the corresponding decline in ejection fraction. These beneficial effects were related to the attenuation of intracellular Ca2+ mishandling remodelling, antifibrotic and antihypertrophic effects and potentially antiarrhythmic effects by preventing the reduction of K+ current density and the long QT, JT and TpTe intervals observed in HF animals., [Conclusion and Implications]: The results suggest that paricalcitol treatment in established HF hampers disease progression and improves adverse electrophysiological and Ca2+ handling remodelling, attenuating the vulnerability to HF‐associated ventricular arrhythmias. Paricalcitol may emerge as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of HF., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2014‐57190R and SAF2017‐84777‐R), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/01093 and PI17/01344), European Regional Developmentc Fund (FEDER), Sociedad Española de Cardiología (SEC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER‐CV), a network funded by ISCIII. M.F.‐V. is a Miguel Servet II researcher of ISCIII (MSII16/00047 Carlos III Health Institute). G.R.‐H. is a Miguel Servet I researcher of ISCIII (CP15/00129 Carlos III Health Institute). M.T. is a predoctoral fellow of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) (FPU‐17/06135).

El presente Trabajo Fin de Master consiste en la preparación de una práctica en el módulo de Integración de Sistemas del Grado Superior de Mecatrónica Industrial a partir de un elemento que se estudia en dicho módulo: un variador de frecuencia, al que se le conecta un PLC y un motor eléctrico asíncrono de jaula de ardilla. La preparación de la práctica se ha realizado durante la 3ª evaluación en el CPIFP donde he realizado el Practicum. Y se prevé su inclusión en la Programación Didáctica del próximo curso escolar 2022/23. El documento describe las actividades llevadas a cabo, relación de los elementos que la componen, su montaje mecánico, el conexionado entre ellos, la parametrización y la programación de los componentes. Es decir, todo lo necesario para presentar una actividad práctica al alumno relacionada con el módulo que se le imparte. También describe el guion de la práctica, donde se guía al estudiante con los pasos a seguir para su realización. Además se prepara una WebQuest donde se recoge toda la información impartida en el aula referente al conocimiento de los componentes de la actividad. Así como realizaciones prácticas donde se implementan, e información complementaria interesante para el alumno en su futura vida profesional. Por último, se da información de la metodología a utilizar por parte del docente durante el desarrollo y de cómo se evalúa tanto la actividad docente de cara al alumno como el trabajo de la práctica propiamente dicha.

La educación, y en mayor medida, la formación profesional, se encuentra en un momento de adaptación a las necesidades y demandas reales de la sociedad. Es por ello por lo que las metodologías de aprendizaje y enseñanza clásicas ya no son suficientes. La potenciación de la creatividad, del protagonismo del alumnado en su propio aprendizaje, la capacidad de trabajar en grupo y la conexión de los alumnos con el entorno que les rodea, son solo alguna de las características que la sociedad demanda ver en sus futuros ciudadanos.A partir de estas características, y con el objetivo principal de fomentar la interdisciplinaridad se propone la implantación de la metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos en dos ciclos superiores de la familia de edificación y obra civil. A lo largo de todo el primer curso se plantean distintas fases para realizar un proyecto en un emplazamiento dado, partiendo de una presentación, toma de datos del entorno, análisis de la problemática existente, diseño de propuesta y ejecución de la misma, hasta su presentación pública.

En la siguiente memoria de este Trabajo Fin de Máster se hace una reflexión introductoria sobre la imperativa necesidad de incorporar formación en competencias digitales en los centros educativos, y que por ende si es necesario enseñarlo al alumnado, es imprescindible que los docentes tengan entre sus competencias. Con respecto a esta necesidad se ha llevado a cabo una reflexión teórica acerca de lo que se ha redactado con respecto a las competencias digitales en la educación, partiendo en especial de los marcos creados a nivel europeo y pasando por la adaptación a nivel de España, así como diferentes programas o planes. Primero de todo se ha analizado el Marco Europeo para la Competencia Digital para la Ciudadanía (DigComp) como marco principal referente del que ha surgido el resto. En este se han analizado las áreas y competencias que lo forman, sus niveles de progresión, sus aplicaciones y sus herramientas de autoevaluación o certificación. A continuación, se ha procedido a analizar el Marco Europeo para la Competencia Digital de los Educadores (DigCompEdu), el cual es el referente principal para la formación de los docentes en competencias digitales a nivel de toda Europa. Se han analizado de igual manera al anterior, las áreas que lo comprenden con sus diferentes competencias, así como su finalidad, y los niveles de progresión. Además, se ha analizado la herramienta de medida SELFIE creada para este marco. Seguidamente, se ha realizado un pequeño análisis de otros marcos que existen a nivel europeo en otros ámbitos. Posteriormente, se ha procedido a analizar el Marco de Referencia de la Competencia Digital Docente (MRCDD) el cual es una adaptación del DigCompEdu al entorno de España, en el que se han observado cuales han sido esos cambios. A continuación, se ha realizado un análisis de un Programa Experimental realizado en Aragón con las conclusiones que obtuvieron. Además, se ha hecho un breve repaso de otros diversos programas y cumbres realizados en relación con las Competencias Digitales o la Información, así como una lectura y análisis sobre diversos estudios relacionados con el mismo tema. Se ha comentado la metodología y secuencia de cómo se obtuvo esta información en el aparatado desarrollo y analizado las conclusiones obtenidas de todo este conjunto de análisis, así como de la consecución de los objetivos planteados. Finalmente, se han planteado diversas líneas futuras que se plantean puedan tener lugar con respecto a lo analizado de las competencias digitales en la educación.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome in which death rates are >50%. The main causes of death among HF patients are pump failure and ventricular arrhythmias, but severe bradycardia is also a common cause of sudden cardiac death, pointing to sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction. SAN pacemaker activity is regulated by voltage-clock and Ca2+-clock mechanisms and, although voltage-clock dysfunction in SAN has been largely proved in HF, Ca2+-clock dysfunction mechanisms in SAN remains unraveled. Here, we used an HF model in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and, using telemetry, saw slower heart rhythm under autonomic nervous system blockade. Then, by confocal microscopy, we analyzed Ca2+ handling in HF SAN tissue and found that intracellular Ca2+ transients rate were slower together with less frequency of Ca2+ sparks than in SHAM SAN tissue. Next, we studied protein expression of key excitation–contraction coupling proteins and found reduced expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and reduced phosphorylated status of ryanodine receptor and phospholamban in the CaMKII sites for the SAN in TAC mice. Finally, the application of the CaMKII inhibitor, KN93, caused less effect in slowing the Ca2+ transient rates in HF SAN tissue, confirming the reduced CaMKII activation. In conclusion, our data demonstrates a reduction in CaMKII activation in the Ca2+-clock function of the SAN tissue in a mouse model of HF.

Background and purpose Myocarditis is a severe inflammatory heart disease and a leading cause of sudden death in young adults; but currently no specific treatment is available. Lipoxins and their derivatives promote the resolution of inflammation contributing to recover tissue homeostasis; but their role in cardiac inflammation is poorly understood. Methods and results BML-111, a stable lipoxin A4 receptor agonist, protects against cardiac dysfunction in a murine model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) by preventing Ca2+ mishandling. Cardiac proteomic analysis revealed an enhanced cardiac oxidative profile in EAM-induced mice with reduced activation of NRF2, a master antioxidant transcription factor. In vitro analysis showed that 15-epi-lipoxin A4 increased systolic Ca2+ release and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ load in cardiomyocytes isolated from wild-type mice and augmented the rate of SR-Ca2+ uptake by SERCA2a, but failed to induce any functional change in cells from Nrf2−/− mice. BML-111 increased SERCA2a cardiac expression in wild-type mice, and the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 determined SERCA2a expression in human ventricular cells. Human myocarditis-positive myocardium showed a reduced expression of both ATP2A2 (SERCA2a) and NF2L2 (NRF2). Conclusions Our results demonstrated new cardioprotective mechanisms of pro-resolving lipid mediators that may emerge as innovative treatments for myocarditis. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): ISCIII [PI17/01344]), Sociedad Española de Cardiología: Proyecto Traslacional 2019Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), FSE, and CIBER-CV, a network funded by ISCIII

Specialized proresolving mediators and, in particular, 5(S), (6)R, 7-trihydroxyheptanoic acid methyl ester (BML-111) emerge as new therapeutic tools to prevent cardiac dysfunction and deleterious cardiac damage associated with myocarditis progression. The cardioprotective role of BML-111 is mainly caused by the prevention of increased oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) down-regulation induced by myocarditis. At the molecular level, BML-111 activates NRF2 signaling, which prevents sarcoplasmic reticulum-adenosine triphosphatase 2A down-regulation and Ca

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Agence Nationale de la Recherche Introduction Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited disease manifested as syncope or sudden death in apparently healthy children or young adults, in the absence of structural cardiac disease. The ryanodine receptor (RyR2) R420Q mutation was identified in a Spanish 14-year-old boy who died suddenly due to emotional stress. We generated human induced-pluripotent (h-iPS) derived cardiomyocytes from two brothers (see Yin’s poster in this meeting). As most of sudden death occurs in males, we had the hypothesis that there might be some sex-dependent differences. Purpose and methods We aim to elucidate the key role of [Ca2+]i in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmia in female RyR2R420Q CPVT patients . We generated here hiPSC-CM from two sisters of the same family, one exhibiting the mutation RyR2R420Q and the other without the mutation used as control. The experiments were conducted at 30-35 days after differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Using confocal microscopy, we assessed intracellular [Ca2+]i handling both spontaneous and during electrical pacing. To record [Ca2+]i transients, h-iPS-CMs were electrically field stimulated by two Pt electrodes at 1Hz. Spontaneous Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ waves were recorded in quiescent cells, after [Ca2+]i transients recordings. For SR Ca2+ load quantification, h-iPS-CMs were rapidly perfused with 10 mmol/L caffeine. To induce β-adrenergic activation, 100nM isoproterenol (ISO) was added in some experiments. All confocal Ca2+ images analyses were performed by home-made routines using IDL software. Results First, we verify by immunofluorescence the expression of alpha-actinin in the differentiated h-iPS-CMs. Then, by confocal microscopy we found that woman CPVT h-iPS-CMs presented longer cycle length than wt h-iPS-CMs, correlating with the bradycardia observed in CPVT patients. The amplitude of the Ca2+ transients were significantly higher for CPVT h-iPS-CMs compared to wt; however, after ISO perfusion Ca2+ transients did not show a significant increase in CPVT h-iPS-CMs compared to CPVT h-iPS-CMs before ISO. SR Ca2+ load presented no differences between groups but the time decay constant of the caffeine-evoked Ca2+ transients were significantly faster in CPVT h-iPS-CMs whereas it became slower after ISO perfusion. In addition, analysis of Ca2+ pro-arrhythmogenic events were significantly augmented in CPVT h-iPS-CMs compared to wt h-iPS-CMs. After ISO perfusion, pro-arrhythmogenic events in CPVT cells presented no significant difference compared to CPVT cell before ISO perfusion. Although proarrhythmogenic events were similarly higher in both male and female hiPSC-CM, the Ca2+ handling characteristics were slightly different. Conclusion The RyR2R420Q mutation in woman CPVT h-iPS-CMs provides a reliable model to study CPVT in human context.

Ca2+ mishandling is a common feature in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). In many cases, impairment of key players in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been identified as the underlying mechanism of cardiac dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias associated with HF. In this review, we summarize primary novel findings related to Ca2+ mishandling in HF progression. HF research has increasingly focused on the identification of new targets and the contribution of their role in Ca2+ handling to the progression of the disease. Recent research studies have identified potential targets in three major emerging areas implicated in regulation of Ca2+ handling: the innate immune system, bone metabolism factors and post-translational modification of key proteins involved in regulation of Ca2+ handling. Here, we describe their possible contributions to the progression of HF. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (SAF-2017-84777R), Institute of Health Carlos III (PI17/01093, PI20/01482 and PI17/01344), Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Proyecto Traslacional 2019, PI3110 Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), FSE, and CIBER-CV, a network funded by ISCIII. MF-V is Miguel Servet II researcher of ISCIII (MSII16/00047 Carlos III Health Institute). GR-H is Miguel Servet I researcher of ISCIII (CP15/00129 Carlos III Health Institute). AR was supported by Fondo SEP-Cinvestav project # 601410 FIDSC 2018/2; and Fondo SEP-Conacyt Ciencia Básica A1-S-9082. LP is supported by Institut de France Bourse Lefoulon Delaland.

Trabajo presentado en el ESC Congress 2021 - The Digital Experience, celebrado en modalidad virtual el 27 de agosto de 2021.

En este trabajo se valora la mejora que supone para los enfermos con demencias disponer de dispositivos tecnológicos que mejoren su calidad de vida, así como la de sus cuidadores y familiares. Esto es avalado por estudios que confirman también la eficiencia en términos de costes de la utilización de estos dispositivos en el cuidado y tratamiento de pacientes con demencia. Por eso, se analizan los dispositivos y su adecuación a los diferentes estadios de la enfermedad, así como las posibilidades que ofrecen. Paralelamente, se plantea como cuestión de fondo la necesidad de incluir contenidos relacionados con las nuevas tecnologías en los estudios de ciencias de la salud. Como conclusión general, encontramos que la salud física y mental de pacientes y cuidadores mejora considerablemente con la utilización de dispositivos tecnológicos, con una reducción de costes a nivel general, tanto a medio como a largo plazo. Por ello, debería valorarse la aplicación de forma habitual, avalada por los conocimientos de los profesionales formados en dichas tecnologías. Para que estos profesionales estén formados, los currículos de las enseñanzas de ciencias de la salud deben incorporar contenidos dedicados a las nuevas tecnologías y sus aplicaciones médicas y asistenciales, actualizándose con los últimos avances técnicos y tecnológicos. Por tanto, convendría seguir avanzando en la valoración del impacto que tiene la adaptación de los currículos de las enseñanzas sanitarias en la realización de mejores diagnósticos y mejor prescripción de tratamientos relacionados con la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías en pacientes con demencias. This work assesses the improvement of having technological devices for patients with dementia that improve their quality of life, as well as their caregivers and family members. This is supported by studies that also confirm the efficiency of the use of these devices in terms of costs in the care and treatment of patients with dementia. For this reason, the devices and their suitability for the different stages of the disease are analyzed, as well as the possibilities they offer. At the same time, the need to include content related to new technologies in health sciences curricula is raised as a fundamental issue. As a general conclusion, we find that physical and mental health of patients and caregivers improves considerably with the use of technological devices, with a general cost reduction, both in the medium and long term. For this reason, the application should be evaluated on a regular basis, supported by the knowledge of professionals trained in these technologies. For the training of these professionals, health sciences curricula must incorporate content dedicated to new technologies and their medical and healthcare applications, updating with the latest technical and technological advances. Therefore, it would be advisable to continue making progress in evaluating the impact that the adaptation of health education curricula has on making better diagnoses and better prescription of treatments related to the use of new technologies in patients with dementia.

Cuando los usuarios que sufren algún tipo de patología cognitiva ven mermadas sus capacidades para poder realizar las actividades tanto básicas como instrumentales de la vida diaria, estos pierden la autonomía. Previamente, a esta perdida, pueden surgir cambios en las conductas emocionales hacia sus cuidadores y/o familiares, también se ven perdidas en las destrezas cognitivas, que influyen directamente en las ABVD y en las AIVD, que a su vez afectan a las emociones. Es por ello, y como se ha demostrado, laperdida de la autonomía, así como, las causas del deterioro cognitivo son muchas y variadas. Trabajar en mantener la autonomía en las ABVD, en las AIVD, en la regulación emocional de los usuarios y abogar por mantener las destrezas cognitivas que aún se tienen e intentar adquirir nuevas, para poder alargar y mejorar la autonomía de nuestros participantes, antes de la necesidad de introducir ayuda externa. Cuanto mayor tiempo podamos mantener la autonomía del usuario, mejor será su autopercepción y los síntomas negativos derivados de la enfermedad serán menos evidentes para ellos mismo, trabajar a la par con productos de apoyo y estrategias propias de los familiares, harán que ellos se vean más válidos y capaces.

Las soft-skills o competencias transversales se consideran imprescindibles hoy en día para la formación en cualquier campo de conocimiento. Sin embargo, en los servicios de orientación profesional para universitarios todavía no se han incorporado de forma general. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer cómo influye el recibir orientación profesional por competencias transversales en el nivel de empleabilidad de los universitarios-egresados y comprobar si existen diferencias significativas según sexo, edad o situación laboral.Se utiliza un diseño cuasiexperimental pretest-postest con grupo control-experimental. Se lleva a cabo una intervención de orientación por competencias, La muestra es de 748 universitarios-egresados que solicitan orientación profesional y participan en programas subvencionados por la Unión Europea dentro de los programas de los Agentes Sociales de Aragón. Obtenemos la información a través de cuestionarios, entrevistas y de grupos de discusión elaborados (ad hoc). Los datos cuantitativos son analizados con el programa estadístico SPSS y los datos cualitativos son analizados a través de categorización predefinidas y emergentes por segmentos o unidades de análisis y textos transcritos con el software Nvivo.Se halla que la orientación profesional por competencias mejora el nivel de empleabilidad de los universitarios. Recibir orientación profesional por competencias contribuye positivamente a la mejora del nivel de empleabilidad de los universitarios en general y al desarrollo de las competencias transversales y del manejo de los recursos y las herramientas de un modo particular. Existe una clara correlación entre los universitarios-egresados que reciben orientación profesional por competencias y una coyuntura laboral satisfactoria en los mismos. Soft skills or transversal competences are considered essential for training in any field of knowledge. However, professional guidance services for university students have not yet been incorporated. The aim of the research is to know how professional orientation by transversal competences influences the level of employability of university-graduates and to check if there are significant differences according to sex, age or employment situation. For the research, a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control-experimental group was used, as well as a competency orientation intervention. The sample was compound of 748 university-graduates who request professional guidance and were enrolled in programs subsidized by the European Union within the programs of the Social Agents of Aragon. Information was obtained through questionnaires, interviews and discussion groups. Quantitative data are analyzed with SPSS statistical program and qualitative data are analyzed through predefined and emerging categorization by segments or units of analysis and transcribed texts using Nvivo software. It is found that professional orientation by competences improves the employability level of the university students. Receiving professional guidance by competences contributes positively to the improvement of the employability level of university students in general and to the development of transversal skills and the management of resources and tools. There is a clear correlation between the university-graduates who receive professional guidance by competencies and a satisfactory working conjuncture in themselves.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multifaceted disease that contributes to cardiac dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying the complex relationship between CKD and cardiac impairment remains almost completely unknown. Inflammation is a major player in both CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and, in this context, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is a newly recognized innate immune receptor involved in both CKD and CVD independently. NOD1 activation is due to the recruitment of the receptor-interacting-serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIP2), which induce NOD1 oligomerization and promotes the inflammatory response, being RIP2 a key partner in the NOD1 activation. Unpublished data from our group has demonstrated that genetic deletion of NOD1 prevents Ca2+ mishandling associated to CKD, next step will be to determine whether the absence of its specific adaptor; RIP2 can also mediate these effects. Purpose The main aim of this study was to determine whether NOD1-RIP2 axis impairs cardiac dysfunction and Ca2+ mishandling prompted by CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) in a mice model. Methods and results We have analysed intracellular Ca2+ handling in cardiomyocytes obtained from Wild type (Wt), Nod1−/− and Rip2−/− sham operated or nephrectomised mice. Compared with Wt-5/6Nx, cardiomyocytes obtained from Nod1−/−5/6Nx and Rip2−/−5/6Nx mice showed a significant improvement of Ca2+ mishandling, mainly by preventing: i) the reduction in [Ca2+]i transients amplitude; ii) the rise in their decay time; and iii) the lower cell contraction. The lack of NOD1 and RIP2 also prevents the reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load and the augmented diastolic Ca2+ leak induced by 5/6Nx. Furthermore, the increased diastolic Ca2+ leak (Ca2+ sparks, spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients and waves) induced by 5/6Nx were also significantly prevented in absence of NOD1 and RIP2. Genetic deletion of NOD1 or RIP2 did not induces any improvement of several markers associated with renal dysfunction (urea, phosphate or fibroblast growth factor-23). Conclusions Our results confirmed that the absence of both NOD1 and RIP2 prevents the intracellular cardiac Ca2+ mishandling in experimental CKD. NOD1 and RIP2 emerge as novel targets for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for the cardiac remodelling in CKD subjects. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by Spanish ISCIII (PI17/01093 and PI17/01344), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), FSE, and CIBER-CV, a network funded by ISCIII. MF-V is Miguel Servet II researcher of ISCIII (MSII16/00047 Carlos III Health Institute). GR-H is Miguel Servet I researcher of ISCIII (CP15/00129 Carlos III Health Institute). MT is a PhD student funded by the FPU program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU17/06135).

Proactivity is a necessary skill among teachers in the 21stcentury. The objective of this research is to understand and analyze the levels of proactivity among university students and teachers. A longitudinal study subsidized by the University of Zaragoza was carried out over seven years (2012- 2019). A mixed methodology was used, including a quantitative study, in which a questionnaire was used as an evaluation instrument, and a qualitative study with three discussion groups. The sample included 717 participants (130 professors and 587 students) from 12 centers belonging to the five macro university areas. The results show that compared with no proactive people, proactive people are more positive, care more about the quality of what they do, are more entrepreneurial, and tend to expand their studies and accept their mistakes more easily.

El desarrollo social y económico de los últimos años ha logrado el mayor descenso de la pobreza en la historia de la humanidad. A pesar de este éxito y de otros aspectos positivos que ha traído el actual modelo económico es evidente que nuestro planeta necesita un nuevo modelo de desarrollo no basado en el consumo desmesurado de recursos naturales. La actual sobreexplotación de los recursos del planeta junto con la perspectiva de crecimiento de la población mundial hace urgente el cambio de paradigma económico hacia un modelo circular. La educación, especialmente la Formación Profesional, tiene un papel destacado en la transformación social y económica que requiere este nuevo modelo económico y de desarrollo. Lo que es esencial para la supervivencia de nuestro medio ambiente, como así lo reconoce la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Este Trabajo Fin de Máster desarrolla una acción formativa de Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible en el ámbito de la Formación Profesional –centrado en el área los Procesos Industriales y de la Construcción-. El plan formativo tiene como objetivo que el alumnado adquiera conciencia sobre la problemática en materia de sostenibilidad y además que adquiera competencias personales y profesionales relacionadas con la Economía Circular y la Producción y Consumo Responsable.

Central Illustration, Highlights • The present review recapitulates relevant findings related to the role of the receptors of the innate immune system (TLRs and NLRs) in the progression of the most prevalent CVDs. • TLRs and NLRs play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. • The development of new specific strategies to impair exacerbated TLR and NLR activation in CVDs are strong candidates for therapy and opens a new research field., Summary Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Most CVDs are associated with increased inflammation that arises mainly from innate immune system activation related to cardiac damage. Sustained activation of the innate immune system frequently results in maladaptive inflammatory responses that promote cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling. Much research has focused on determining whether some mediators of the innate immune system are potential targets for CVD therapy. The innate immune system has specific receptors—termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—that not only recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, but also sense danger-associated molecular signals. Activation of PRRs triggers the inflammatory response in different physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. The classic PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the more recently discovered nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), have been recently proposed as key partners in the progression of several CVDs (e.g., atherosclerosis and heart failure). The present review discusses the key findings related to the involvement of TLRs and NLRs in the progression of several vascular and cardiac diseases, with a focus on whether some NLR subtypes (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1) can be candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several CVDs.

Trabajo presentado en el Congreso anual de la sociedad europea de cardiologia (ESC): the digital experience (2020), celebrado en modalidad virtual el 28 de agosto de 2020.

El presente Trabajo Fin de Máster consiste en una reflexión sobre mi proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje y para realizarla se han utilizado dos trabajos desarrollados a lo largo del máster, el Proyecto de Innovación Docente y el Dossier Trabajo Práctico realizado en el ámbito de la asignatura de Diseño de actividades para el aprendizaje de Procesos Industriales y de Construcción. En ambos trabajos, pongo de manifiesto la relación de cada uno de ellos con los conocimientos adquiridos en otras asignaturas del máster así como la correlación de estos dos trabajos con las actividades desarrolladas en el Practicum II.

La sociedad actual demanda un desarrollo sostenible a todos los niveles. La implantación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible es un gran avance, que unido a otra serie de iniciativas, planes y programas en el ámbito de la sostenibilidad, van a permitir un cambio radical en nuestro modo de vida. Se trata de cambiar radicalmente nuestra actitud frente a los recursos disponibles; y fomentar modelos de crecimiento sostenible es una labor que nos incumbe a todos como ciudadanos, y en el que deben implicarse desde las pequeñas empresas a las grandes multinacionales, pasando por los organismos públicos y, por supuesto, por el sistema educativo a todos los niveles. Y es que no hay una mejor herramienta para el fomento de las buenas prácticas que la educación, debiendo ser los centros educativos los referentes en la gestión sostenible de sus instalaciones y actividades, además de encargarse de la formación en sostenibilidad y economía circular de los estudiantes y futuros profesionales. El presente TFM recopila las prácticas actuales desarrolladas en este sentido en los centros de Formación Profesional y además, particulariza el estudio en el CPIFP de la Fundación Laboral de la Construcción de Aragón. Se realiza un análisis del centro, detectando una serie de necesidades y proponiendo soluciones a estas mediante, entre otros, la realización de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente.

Propionic acidemia (PA) is a rare metabolic disease associated with mutations in genes encoding the α and β subunits of the enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase. The accumulation of toxic metabolites results in mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage, which have been associated with the disease pathophysiology. Clinical symptoms are heterogeneous and include cardiac complications, mainly cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias, which are recognized as one of the major life-threatening manifestations in patients. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac phenotype using a hypomorphic mouse model (Pcca−/−(A138T)) that recapitulates some biochemical and clinical characteristics of PA. We demonstrate that Pcca−/−(A138T) mice present with depressed cardiac function along with impaired cell contractility when compared to the wild-type mice. Cardiac dysfunction in Pcca−/−(A138T) mice was associated with lower systolic Ca2+ release ([Ca2+]i transients), impairment in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load and decreased Ca2+ re-uptake by SR-Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a). These functional changes correlated well with the depressed activity of SERCA2a, the elevated ROS levels and SERCA2a oxidation rate in cardiomyocytes isolated from Pcca−/−(A138T) mice. In addition, decreased SR-Ca2+ load in Pcca−/−(A138T) cardiomyocytes was associated with increased diastolic Ca2+ release. The increase in Ca2+ sparks, Ca2+ waves and spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in Pcca−/−(A138T) cardiomyocytes could be responsible for the induction of ventricular arrhythmias detected in these mice. Overall, our results uncover the role of impaired Ca2+ handling in arrhythmias and cardiac dysfunction in PA, and identify new targets for the development of therapeutic approaches for this devastating metabolic disease., This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund (SAF2016-76004-R, SAF2017-84777-R and PGC2018-097019-B-I00), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/01093, PI17/01344 and IPT17/0019 - ISCIII-SGEFI/ERDF, ProteoRed), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), FSE, the Fundació Marató TV3 (grant 122/C/2015) and CIBERER and CIBER-CV, networks funded by ISCIII. Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa receives an institutional grant from Fundación Ramón Areces. The CNIC is supported by ISCIII, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). MF-V is Miguel Servet II researcher of ISCIII (MSII16/00047 Carlos III Health Institute). GR-H is Miguel Servet I researcher of ISCIII (CP15/00129 Carlos III Health Institute). MT is a PhD student funded by the FPU program of MCIU (FPU17/06135). AFC is a PhD student funded by the FPI-UAM program.

Leptin, is a 16 kDa pleiotropic peptide not only primary secreted by adipocytes, but also produced by other tissues, including the heart. Evidence indicates that leptin may have either adverse or beneficial effects on the heart. To obtain further insights, in the present study, we analysed the effect of leptin treatment on cardiac function, [Ca2+]i handling and cellular electrophysiology, which participate in the genesis of pump failure and related arrhythmias, both in control mice and in mice subjected to chronic pressure‐overload by transverse aorta constriction (TAC). Three weeks after surgery, animals received either leptin (0.36 mg kg–1 day–1) or vehicle via osmotic minipumps for 3 weeks. Echocardiographic measurements showed that, although leptin treatment was deleterious on cardiac function in sham, leptin had a cardioprotective effect following TAC. [Ca2+]i transient in cardiomyocytes followed similar pattern. Patch clamp experiments showed prolongation of action potential duration (APD) in TAC and leptin‐treated sham animals, whereas, following TAC, leptin reduced the APD towards control values. APD variations were associated with decreased transient outward potassium current and Kv4.2 and KChIP2 protein expression. TAC myocytes showed a higher incidence of triggered activities and spontaneous Ca2+ waves. These proarrhythmic manifestations, related to Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II and ryanodine receptor phosphorylation, were reduced by leptin. The results of the present study demonstrate that, although leptin treatment was deleterious on cardiac function in control animals, leptin had a cardioprotective effect following TAC, normalizing cardiac function and reducing arrhythmogeneity at the cellular level., SAF‐2010‐16377 and SAF2014‐57190R from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR‐13‐BSV1‐0023‐01 and ANR‐15‐CE14‐0005); Fondation pour la recherche médicale (Programme cardiovasculaire 2011); CORDDIM‐Région Ile de France (Équipement jeune équipe 2010; Petit et moyen équipement 2011); ISCIII PI14/01078 and Fondos Feder. The laboratory UMR‐S 1180 is a member of the Laboratory of Excellence LERMIT supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR‐10‐LABX‐33). NGH was a FPU fellow of the Spanish Ministry of Education.