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Nubian Levallois technology has recently risen to the forefront ofdebates surrounding Late Pleistocene human technological behavior,cultural traditions, and demographic histories. Named after the regionwhere it was first identified, Nubian Levallois describes a specificmethod of lithic point production that occurs in Middle Palaeolithic (or Middle Stone Age) assemblages across arid North Africa, the Levant and Arabia.1–9However, the recent identification of Nubian technology in separate, disconnected regions, such as SouthAfrica10–12and possibly India13,14suggests there are more diversescenarios of its emergence and spread than the original model of abroad Nubian technocomplex related to a single, expandingpopulation from its north‐east African heartland.3While fewassemblages containing Nubian technology are directly dated, itsproposed MIS 5 timing coincides with early modern human dispersalsout of Africa, adding a further dimension of whether certain lithictechnologies can be linked to specific geographic populations. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

У статті розкрито основи моделювання структурноїтрансформації економіки країни в умовах глобалізаційних викликів.Побудована система економетричних моделей розвитку економікикраїни за такими видами економічної діяльності: промисловість, сільськегосподарство, будівництво, транспорт та зв'язок та сфера послуг.Формування системи економетричних моделей за кожним видомекономічної діяльності здійснювалося на основі даних за 2001−2018 рр. затакими параметрами: доходи бюджету країни; інвестиції в основнийкапітал; обсяг основних фондів в галузі виробництва; чисельністьзайнятих; випуск товарів та послуг за галуззю виробництва. На основісистеми економетричних моделей розвитку економіки країни здійсненопрогнозування структури економіки на 2019−2022 рр., проведена оцінкаструктурної трансформації та виявлено, що в економіці України з2010 р. намітилася тенденція до збільшення частки валового випуску всфері послуг. Прогнозна структура економіки країни дозволяє розробитизаходи державної політики щодо стабілізації економіки від наслідківможливої структурної трансформації. The article describes the basics of modeling of the structuraltransformation of the country's economy in the context of globalizationchallenges. A system of econometric models of the country's economydevelopment based on the following types of economic activity: industry,agriculture, construction, transport, communications and services. Theformation of a system of econometric models for each type of economic activitywas carried out on the basis of data for 2001−2018 according to the followingparameters: budget revenues of the country; investment in fixed assets; thevolume of fixed assets in the field of production; number to take; production ofgoods and services for the production industry. On the basis of the system ofeconometric models of the country's economy development, the forecasting ofthe structure of the economy for 2019−2022 was carried out, an assessment ofthe structural transformation was carried out, and it was found that in theUkrainian economy since 2010 there was a tendency to increase the share ofgross output in the service sector. The predicted structure of the country'seconomy allows developing state policy measures to stabilize the economyfrom the effects of a possible structural transformation.

The article presents preliminary data of field studies of the Korolevo II Paleolithic site in Transcarpathia, concerning the clarification of stratigraphy and the chronology of the so-called layer 0 (Epigravettian) within the Upper Paleolithic of this site. At this site, one of the earliest transitional industries from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic with bifacial leaf points was found on the territory of Ukraine (cultural layer II). At the Korolevo II site, there is also a small collection of Upper Paleolithic artifacts (layer 0) primary determined as belonging to the Epigravettian technocomplex. At the same time, it was assumed that these artifacts were in a secondary position. As a result of the analysis of archival materials, there were some doubts about the position of the layer 0 not in situ. Korolevo II site is located on the northern outskirts of Veryatsa village of Vinogradiv district, Transcarpathian region, on the 20-meter terrace of the right bank of the Tisza River in the territory of the quarry approximal 500 m south-west from the Korolevo I site (fig. 1—3). The first Paleolithic artifacts at the location were collected in 1975. On a limited surface of the terrace 25—30 m wide from west to east, and approximately 35—40 m long from south to north, archeological investigations were carried out on three excavation areas (fig. 3). In the excavation II (12 m2) (1978, 1982), which was located on the northwestern slope of the terrace (fig. 3), the Middle and Upper Paleolithic artifacts were found in an unclear stratigraphic position. In the excavation I, which was located along the eastern wall of the terrace (fig. 3, 4), the research was conducted in 1979—1980 on an area of 144 m2. In this excavation, the main cultural layer II was recorded in the Udai loess between two paleosoils (Vitachiv / Priluky) (fig. 5: Б) and received the date 38000 ± 1500 BP. Collection of cultural layer II represents the so-called transitional blade industry from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic with bifacial leaf-shaped points and some traces of Middle Paleolithic in primary flaking and tool-kit. Under cultural layer II in the upper part of Priluki horizon, there were marked Middle Paleolithic artifacts similar to the layer III (Levallois technocomplex) of Korolevo I site (OIS 5a). It should be stressed that a major part of Pleistocene deposits over layer II at excavation I where reduced by quarry work. In test pit 5 (1982), later expanded as excavation III (1985), located between excavation I and excavation II three levels of stone finds were recorded. Based on the stratigraphical column of excavation I the sequence of archaeological layers in the excavation III was established as follows: layer II (first level), layer 0 (second level), layer II (third level) (table). The belonging of the artifacts from the first and third levels to the industry of layer II was determined mainly on the basis of the review of local volcanic raw materials — andesite. The limited collection of second level artifacts produced exclusively on imported raw materials that included backed microliths (fig. 13) were typologically attributed to the Epigravettian. At that time, the impression was that the layer 0 was moved by the natural geological way in ancient time after in situ layer II (third level), and later, as a result of man-made processes, covered by the artifacts of layer II again (first level). It seemed that the stratigraphic sequence on the excavation III was artificially disturbed as well. As a result of preliminary research data (2015—2017) at the excavation IIIa which covered distance around 5 m to the east to the area III (fig. 3), it became clear that stratigraphy on this site, with the exception of a small part of the cut off Holocene deposits, is not disturbed. Stratigraphic profile includes: 1.0—1.20 m — technogenic layer; 1.20—1.60 m — Bug climatolite (bg); 1.60—1.90 m — upper Vitachiv soil (vt3); 1.9—2.3 m — Udai climatolite (ud/vt2?); 2.3—2.5 m — the final stage of Pryluky soil formation (pl3); 2.5—3.0 m — paleosoil (pl1—kd?). On the basis of new excavation data and the analysis of the excavation III, it can be argued that there are five archaeological layers on this part of Korolevo II site: E, D, C, B, A (table). The two lower layers E and D may correlate with the corresponding cultural layers III and II of the excavation area I. Layer D may correlate with the third level of excavation III respectively. Middle Paleolithic artifacts of the cultural layer III of excavation I and layer E of excavation III/IIIa can be dated to the end of the last interglacial (OIS 5a) and relate to the Levallois technocomplex. The collection of layer D has indisputable features of affinity with the layer of II excavation I in the primary flaking and typology and belongs to the same transitional from MP to UP industry. Layer II and layer D are found in the same geological sediments — Udai climatolite (ud/vt2? / OIS 4/3?). The three upper layers (A, B, C) of the excavation IIIa have no analogues in the excavation I. The layer C is confidently fixed on the edge of the Vitychiv soil and the Udai climatolite (ud/vt2?) only in the excavation IIIa. The collection of layer C has the features of the Upper Paleolithic industry. The collection of the cultural layer B in the studied excavation area IIIa is insignificant, but the position of the artifacts in the lower part of the Vitachev paleosoil is quite stable. These materials unambiguously correspond to artifacts of the second level of excavation III, including the so-called layer 0 and together represent one archeological unit — cultural layer B. The layer A, which lies above the Vitachev paleosoil in Bug climatolite (bg) represents the Upper Palaeolithic industry still unknown in Transcarpathia. The layer A is traced both in the excavation IIIa and in the excavation III (first level). In this layer, a hearth with a tuff lining is found (fig. 6—8), which removes any questions about the signs of artifacts movement or its technogenic origin. In addition, there are no data allowing to associate the collection of layer A with cultural layer II of excavation I. Finally, based on the above facts, we can return to the question of the time and status of «Epigravettian technocomplex» of layer 0. The available data indicates that the layer B, which includes its part as layer 0, is found in situ and from the point of its geological position (vt3) can represent the typical Gravettian industry. Typological features of the collection do not deny this conclusion. At least presence of backed pieces together with bifacial points as it marked in the layer B (fig. 13) is more characteristic for Gravettian razer than Epigravettian collections. In common last excavations of Korolevo II open new perspective in investigations of Upper Paleolithic of the Transcarpathian region

In the article the step-by-step analysis of experimental check of readiness of heads of establishments of general secondary education to anti-crisis management in system of advanced training is carried out. It is concluded that the pedagogical experiment in order to diagnose the readiness of general secondary education managers for crisis management consisted of three successive stages: diagnostic, ascertaining and formative. Theoretical researches of general problems of management are analyzed. The procedure of selection of test methods, which were used to establish the state of readiness of general secondary education managers for crisis management in the system of advanced training, is described. It was found that each diagnostic tool, ie measurement, must meet the criteria for quality assessment, the most important of which are: objectivity, reliability, validity, accuracy. Each diagnostic tool, depending on the measurement tools, made it possible to obtain results only with some degree of accuracy, which characterizes the degree of fluctuation of the measured parameter, and is defined as the minimum or systematic measurement error by this method. Objectivity involves minimizing the impact of subjective factors, which is ensured by standardization of the procedure of measurement, data processing and interpretation of diagnostic results. Reliability implies the degree of stability of diagnostic results, which is ensured by the optimization of parameters and objectivity of the measuring instrument and the stability of the feature, the level of which is diagnosed; quantitative characteristic of reliability - reliability coefficient R. Accuracy involves the definition and minimization of measurement error. Error is the opposite of reliability. The diagnostic tool is as reliable as it accurately reveals the true achievements or abilities of general secondary education managers to crisis management in the training system. The validity of the diagnostic tool involves the conformity of what is measured to what needs to be measured. Validity is legality, reality, validity, fidelity, correctness, suitability, as well as relevance - relevance. Validity indicates whether the test measures the specified values. Psychodiagnostic techniques used in the study were represented as tests of achievements of heads of secondary education institutions in the field of crisis management; they were provided to highlight the extent to which principals had accomplished the training objectives. It is taken into account that the test should measure what has been stated and studied, nothing more, nothing less, nothing superfluous. The digital results of the statement experiment are represented. According to the digital indicators of the input control (statement stage of the experimental study), the heads of secondary schools KG (control groups) and EG (experimental groups) had the same conditions for admission to the experimental study., У статті здійснено покроковий аналіз експериментальної перевірки готовності керівників закладів загальної середньої освіти до антикризового менеджменту у процесі підвищення кваліфікації. Підсумовано, що педагогічний експеримент з метою діагностування готовності керівників закладів загальної середньої освіти до антикризового менеджменту складався з трьох послідовних етапів: діагностичного, констатувального та формувального. Проаналізовано теоретичні дослідження загальних проблем управління. Описано процедуру добору тестових методик, які використовувалися для встановлення стану готовності керівників закладів загальної середньої освіти до антикризового менеджменту у процесі підвищення кваліфікації. З'ясовано, що кожний засіб діагностики, тобто вимірювання, повинен відповідати критеріям оцінки якості, найва­жли­вішими з яких є: об’єктивність, надійність, валідність, точність. Репрезентовано цифрові результати констатувального експерименту.

The Ruban’ Paleolithic site was discovered in 2005 by the Transcarpathian Paleolithic expedition of the Archaeological Museum of the IA NASU. The site is located on the territory of the former Zatysnansky chemical plant (Fig. 1b) at a distance of 800 m north of the eastern outskirts of the village of Gorbky, Vynohradiv district, in the Transcarpathian region, in the Ruban’ tract, and about 2 km to the southeast of the Korolevo site. At the time when the site Ruban’ was discovered, the upper part the quarry wall where the site is located, has been ruined by the quarrying that made it impossible to determine a stratigraphic position of the archaeological layer and to establish the age of the culture. In order to solve these problems, 15 geological profiles of the Quaternary deposits have been set along the less disturbed quarry wall in 2016—2017. The stratigraphic subdivision of the sections, according to the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of Ukraine, and their correlation with the profile of the archaeological site have been carried out that enables to determine the geological age of the cultural layer. The geological site Ruban’ is located along the paleoslope and, thus, there are erosional brakes in its sedimentary record. The lowermost stratigrpahical unit is represented by reddish-brown soil of Martonosha unit overlain by gleyed loam of Sula unit and strongly dissected by wedges of the Sula cryogenesis. The other Lower and Middle Pleistocene units have been truncated and now they are represented by pedosediments (with exception of the yellowish-brown soil of Upper Zavadivka unit). Kaydaky unit (the brown forest soil of a warm interglacial climate) is separated from Zavadivka soil by the level of wedges of the Dnieper cryogensis. Pryluky unit is represented by two soils (pl1 and pl3), separated by cryogenic fissures and, in places, by a thin loess layer (pl2). The dark-brown soil pl1 is characterized by both manganese concretions and thick managanese films in its upper part, whereas the brown forest soil pl3 is overlain by a thin layer of dense iron-manganese concretions (pl3c). This layer reflects unstable hydrothermal regime during the transition from the warm interstadial to the cold stadial climate of the Uday time. Uday unit is represented, in places, by a thin loess layer, which is overlain by brown forest soil of Vytachiv unit. The latter is dissected by cryogenic fissures, filled with the non-soil material of Bug unit. The Holocene unit is truncated in many places but the Holocene pedogenic processes (translocation) overprint the underlying units. The stratigraphic correlation of the studied sections with the archaeological site (excavation 1) demonstrates that the archaeological layer is located in the transitional bed of iron-manganese concretions (pl3c). According to the accepted comparison of the Ukrainian stratigraphy with marine isotopic-oxygen scale, the chronostratigraphic position of the archaeological layer corresponds to the transition from the end of the MIS 5 (5a) i. e. 74—64 ka BP. In the industry of Ruban’ site are prevailing the non-Levallois reduction methods of exploataion of Kombewa, centripetal, crossed and sub-crossed cores with a flat working surface. The parrallel reduction system is not typical and random. Blades are practically absent. In the collection of tool-kit dominated side scrapers, among which there is a series of natural backed side scrapers with a thick working edge, created by 2—3 rows of a stepped scaled retouch (Quina retouch type). Such samples can be attributed to a specific type of side scrapers, such as Quina or Semi-Quina (Fig. 7). In general, the main technological and typological features of the Ruban’ site industry are closely related to the cultural layer II of the Korolevo I site. These collections can be attributed to the local variant of the so-called Charantienne Techno-Complex.

Between 2010 and 2012, the Dhofar Archaeological Project has located and mapped 260 Nubian Complex occurrences across Dhofar, southern Oman. Many of these lithic assemblages are technologically homologous to the Late Nubian Industry found in Africa, while others may represent a local industry derived from classic Nubian Levallois technology. The purpose of this paper is to describe the various reduction strategies encountered at a sample of Nubian Complex sites from Dhofar, to explore inter-assemblage variability, and, ultimately, to begin to articulate technological units within the "Dhofar Nubian Tradition." To achieve this aim, we have developed an analytical scheme with which to describe variability among Nubian Levallois reduction strategies. From our analysis, we are able to discern at least two distinct industries within a regional lithic tradition. Demographic implications of the enduring Dhofar Nubian Tradition are considered in light of new evidence found throughout the Arabian Peninsula. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

In this paper, we consider a large class of hierarchical congestion population games. One can show that the equilibrium in a game of such type can be described as a minimum point in a properly constructed multi-level convex optimization problem. We propose a fast primal-dual composite gradient method and apply it to the problem, which is dual to the problem describing the equilibrium in the considered class of games. We prove that this method allows to find an approximate solution of the initial problem without increasing the complexity., Comment: Supplementary Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Discrete Optimization and Operations Research and Scientific School (DOOR-2016)

International audience; Nubian Levallois technology is the defining characteristic of the Middle Paleolithic or Middle Stone Age technocomplex known as the Nubian Complex. Until recently, this technocomplex was found exclusively in northeastern Africa; however, archaeological surveys conducted across the Arabian Peninsula in the last decade have expanded the known distribution of this technological phenomenon. Since 2009, researchers from separate archaeological missions have mapped sites yielding Nubian cores and debitage, and by extension Nubian technology, in the southern, central and northernmost parts of the Arabia Peninsula. Nubian Complex artifacts in central and southern Arabia were made using different raw materials: in Al-Kharj (central Saudi Arabia) Middle Paleolithic industries were made exclusively on quartzite, while in Dhofar (southern Oman) chert was the only knappable material available for use. Given these differences, we sought to examine the influence of raw material variability on core morphology and size. Contrary to initial hypothesis, this study finds that the differences recorded are not a function of raw material properties. In both areas, Nubian cores were reduced using the same technological systems producing a set of preferential blanks. Rather, the recorded differences from raw material constrains were primarily due to knapping accidents, which occur in higher proportions at quartzite-based assemblages from Al-Kharj (specifically the siret fracture) compared with the chert assemblages from Dhofar. In sum, we argue that raw material had little effect on Nubian Levallois core technology and was not a constraint on Nubian Complex artisans.

The Neolithic peopling of Arabia is a subject of increasing debate, as different scenarios are proposed to describe the relatively sudden appearance of seemingly homogeneous archaeological sites throughout the south of the Peninsula during the Early Holocene. Such sites are identified by the co-occurrence of a laminar core reduction strategy with its supposed fossile directeur, the “ Fasad point.” This techno-typological package has been used by some to link these sites with an expansion of pastoralists from the Levant. A recent study of blade technologies in Southern Arabia, however, demonstrates a large degree of internal variability within these reduction strategies, whilst an inter-regional study of Fasad points reveals this artifact category to be both time-transgressive and morpho-metrically variable across parts of Southern Arabia. Archaeological findings from al-Hatab Rockshelter in Dhofar, Oman go further to challenge the notion of an expansion originating in the Levant and spreading across Southern Arabia. Here we demonstrate that an indigenous occupation with a blade technology and tanged points pre-dates the ‘ Levantine expansion’ by at least four millennia. Based on the lithic assemblage from al-Hatab, we argue the Arabian Late Palaeolithic developed locally in Southern Arabia, forming part of the previously defined Nejd Leptolithic tradition. The evidence from al-Hatab in conjunction with recent genetic findings indicates that some groups in Southern Arabia have persisted there since the Late Paleolithic ca 13,000 years ago, if not earlier., Le peuplement néolithique de l’Arabie est devenu le sujet de nombreux débats, alors que différents scénarios ont été proposés pour expliquer l’apparition soudaine de sites archéologiques apparemment homogènes à travers le sud de la péninsule au cours de l’Holocène ancien. Ces sites sont identifiés par la concomitance d’une stratégie de débitage laminaire avec son fossile directeur supposé : la «pointe de Fasad » . Cet assemblage typo-technologique est utilisé pour relier ces sites à l’expansion de pasteurs venus du Levant. Une étude technologique récente sur le débitage laminaire d’Arabie du Sud a cependant montré une forte variabilité parmi ces stratégies de débitage, alors qu’une étude interrégionale des «pointes de Fasad » révèle que ce type est à la fois trans-chronologique et de morphométrie différente suivant les régions d’Arabie. Les découvertes archéologiques dans l’abri d’al-Hatab, dans le Dhofar (Oman), contredisent le scénario d’une origine levantine, démontrant l’existence d’une occupation indigène qui possédait une technologie laminaire et des pointes pédonculées, et qui précédait «l’expansion levantine » de plusieurs millénaires. Dans cet article, nous utilisons l’assemblage lithique d’al-Hatab pour définir une nouvelle industrie au sein du Paléolithique récent d’Arabie du Sud, qui se développe localement et appelée le Hatabien. Les vestiges provenant d’al-Hatab, ainsi que les données génétiques, suggèrent que des groupes en Arabie du Sud ont perduré sur place depuis le Paléolithique récent, il y a 10 000 à 15 000 ans., Hilbert Yamandú H., Usik Vitaly I., Galletti Christopher S., Morley Mike W., Parton Ash, Clark-Balzan Laine, Schwenninger Jean-Luc, Linnenlucke Lauren P., Roberts Richard G., Jacobs Zenobia, Rose Jeffrey I. Archaeological evidence for indigenous human occupation of Southern Arabia at the Pleistocene/ Holocene transition: The case of al-Hatab in Dhofar, Southern Oman. In: Paléorient, 2015, vol. 41, n°2. pp. 31-49.

Interwoven with the debate regarding the biologic replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans is the question of the degree to which Neanderthals and modern foragers differed behaviorally. We consider this question through a detailed spatial analysis of artifacts and related evidence from stratified living floors within a 49–69 k.y.a. rock shelter site, Tor Faraj, in southern Jordan. The study involves a critical evaluation of living floors, the identification of site structure, and the decoding of the site structure in an effort to understand how the inhabitants of the shelter organized their behaviors. The site structure of Tor Faraj is also compared to occupations of modern foragers in ethnographic and archaeological contexts. When the information from the excavation of Tor Faraj is considered with evidence from other late Middle Paleolithic sites, there seems to be little basis for the claims that constraints in the behavioral organization of Neanderthals led to their replacement by modern foragers.

Les nouvelles fouilles du site de Starolese permettent d'ores et deja d'observer que la sedimentation s'est developpee sur une longue periode, peut-etre de 60.000 ans, que l'accumulation des objets et des ossements animaux est restee episodique durant toute cette periode, que des industries lithiques assez differentes sont representees et surtout, que le squelette de l'enfant, qui n'avait pas ete clairement identifie mais interprete comme un neandertalien possible, date en fait de la periode medievale et que son inhumation presente des aspects rituels musulmans

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Despite the numerous studies proposing early human population expansions from Africa into Arabia during the Late Pleistocene, no archaeological sites have yet been discovered in Arabia that resemble a specific African industry, which would indicate demographic exchange across the Red Sea. Here we report the discovery of a buried site and more than 100 new surface scatters in the Dhofar region of Oman belonging to a regionally-specific African lithic industry - the late Nubian Complex - known previously only from the northeast and Horn of Africa during Marine Isotope Stage 5, ∼128,000 to 74,000 years ago. Two optically stimulated luminescence age estimates from the open-air site of Aybut Al Auwal in Oman place the Arabian Nubian Complex at ∼106,000 years ago, providing archaeological evidence for the presence of a distinct northeast African Middle Stone Age technocomplex in southern Arabia sometime in the first half of Marine Isotope Stage 5.

The timing of the dispersal of anatomically modern humans (AMH) out of Africa is a fundamental question in human evolutionary studies. Existing data suggest a rapid coastal exodus via the Indian Ocean rim around 60,000 years ago. We present evidence from Jebel Faya, United Arab Emirates, demonstrating human presence in eastern Arabia during the last interglacial. The tool kit found at Jebel Faya has affinities to the late Middle Stone Age in northeast Africa, indicating that technological innovation was not necessary to facilitate migration into Arabia. Instead, we propose that low eustatic sea level and increased rainfall during the transition between marine isotope stages 6 and 5 allowed humans to populate Arabia. This evidence implies that AMH may have been present in South Asia before the Toba eruption (1).

Qarat al-Kibrit 1 (QK1) is the rst strati ed aceramic Neolithic archaeological site excavated in the interior of Oman. The site is situated along the outer rim of the Qarat al-Kibrit salt dome, an endorheic diapir on the ad-Dakhliyah alluvial plain. QK1 was excavated by the Central Oman Pleistocene Research program during the 2004 eld season, yielding three distinct archaeological horizons within approximately one meter of in situ Early and Middle Holocene sediments. A single radiometric date was established by AMS measurement on a perforated Conus shell recovered from archaeological level 1, while a rough temporal span is estimated for levels 2 and 3 based on the identi cation of lithic arrowheads belonging to the Neolithic Arabian Bifacial Tradition. Techno-typological analysis of the chipped stone assemblage recovered from the site has documented a variety of lithic reduction strategies employed by the inhabitants of QK1. Given the presence of high quality halite (salt crystal) deposits within the dome that exhibit clear evidence of quarrying activity, we speculate that Neolithic and Bronze Age human groups were drawn to the area in order to exploit this valuable resource as well as the freshwater runoff draining into the endorheic basin.

The practice of assigning names to archaeological periods in Arabia is inherently problematic. Just as the Arabian subcontinent is the geographic bridge between Africa and Eurasia; similarly, it is wedged between the bifurcation of Eurasian and African taxonomic schema. This distinction represents separate evolutionary trajectories as expressed in the development of regional lithic technologies. For instance, if we refer to the Arabian "Middle Paleolithic" (MP), we are using a Eurasian name and insinuating closer affinities to this part of the world between 250 and 40 ka, whereas the Arabian "Middle Stone Age" (MSA) presumes a connection to sub- Saharan Africa during a similar interval. This distinction is critical for evaluating the origin and expansion of early modern humans, which predicts linked stone tool technologies on either side of the Red Sea during the Middle and/or Late Stone Age (LSA).

The measurements have shown that a BGO crystal with a diameter of 5 cm can be used to build relatively compact, highly efficient spectrometers for electrons and γ quanta; the resolution is 15–5% for energies of 0.5–6 MeV and ∼40% for 20–100 MeV; the characteristic of the spectrometer is linear in this entire range.

In this article we examine the basis of primary flaking technology, the particularities of the Levallois-based industries of the transitional period from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the Near East (Southern Levant) and Central and Eastern Europe (southern Moravia and western Ukraine). An analysis is presented of the possible technological "generic" links between the Middle Palaeolithic Levallois industries and those of the transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic. Elements of similarity and difference are determined for the corresponding industries in the Near East and Europe, with regard to changes in core reduction strategies and typologies in the course of development from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Transitional industries., La technologie du débitage {éclats primaires) ainsi que les particularités des industries Levallois et de celles de la période de transition Paléolithique moyen-Paléolithique supérieur au Proche-Orient (Levant sud) d'une part, en Europe centrale et en Europe de l'est {Moravie méridionale et Ukraine occidentale) d'autre part, sont discutées dans cet article. Suit une analyse des liens "génériques" éventuels entre les industries Levallois du Paléolithique moyen et les industries de transition. Des éléments de ressemblance et de différence entre les industries contemporaines d'Europe et du Proche-Orient sont évalués, tenant compte des changements de stratégie des séquences de réduction des nucleus et des typologies depuis les industries du Paléolithique moyen jusqu'aux industries de transition., Demidenko Yuri E., Usik Vitaly I. The problem of changes in Levallois technique during the technological transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic. In: Paléorient, 1993, vol. 19, n°2. pp. 5-15.

Excavation of a Levantine Mousterian rockshelter exposed two living floors in the upper part of a deposit more than 3.5 m thick. An intrasite study, focusing on the spatial patterns of data recovered from the two floors, complements an earlier intersite study of settlement and procurement patterns. The arrangement of hearths and the spatial distributions of artifacts and manuports indicate redundant behavioral organization for the two components. Moreover, the behavioral patterns reflected in site use by the occupants of the shelter some 70,000 years ago strongly resemble those recorded for modern foragers.