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ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel versucht einen zunächst offensichtlich erscheinenden Zugang zur Suchtprävention über das Einschränken des Suchtmittels und dessen Gebrauch sowie ein Verständnis einer möglichen Zauberformel für gefährdete, defizit- und problembehafteter Objekte kritisch zu hinterfragen. Die Zielsetzungen an Präventionsarbeit gilt es differenzierter und nachhaltiger unter Berücksichtigung der Gesundheitsförderung und emanzipativen Pädagogik zu formulieren. Im ersten Teil des Artikels wird der theoretische Unterbau für eine subjektorientierte Präventionsarbeit gelegt, der auf dem Wissen und der Erfahrung der praktischen Umsetzung suchtpräventiver Arbeit basiert. Nachfolgend werden dann anhand der Suchtpräventionsarbeit in Luxemburg am Beispiel des „CePT – Centre de Prévention des Toxicomanies“ im Zeitraum 1995–2015 praktische Zugänge erörtert. Substanzunspezifischer Settingansatz, Einbezug von Multiplikatoren/-innen und Vernetzungsarbeit lassen sich ebenso wiederfinden, wie die emanzipatorische pädagogische Identitätsarbeit und Aspekte der Risikominimierung. Abschließend wird ein reflektierter Ausblick auf die Suchtprävention als emanzipatorische Bildungsarbeit und Förderung psychischer Gesundheit gegeben.

In his ground-breaking Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, Edmund Burke (1757) presented a comprehensive aesthetic theory based on two types of aesthetic appreciation: the beautiful and the sublime. While beauty inspires us with tender feelings of affection, a thrill of delightful horror attracts us to the sublime. According to Burke these ideas originate in a drive for affiliation (beautiful) and a drive for self-preservation (sublime). He also claims that the sublime is generally the more powerful aesthetic experience. A synopsis of literature on gender differences in aesthetic preferences, personality traits, and social motivation suggests, however, that on average women might be less susceptible to the Burkeian sublime than men. We tested this hypothesis empirically using sixty picture details from a triptych by Hieronymus Bosch. One hundred and fifty participants rated these stimuli in terms of threat (respectively safety) and liking. Besides, they completed standardized scales for state and trait anxiety as well as for state and trait depression. We found a strong effect for gender: on average, safety and liking were more closely related for female than for male participants. In the light of these findings we state that Burke’s concepts of the beautiful and the sublime might in fact be confounded with gender-related aesthetic preferences and that his proclivity to the sublime could reflect a male gaze on aesthetics. Finally, we discuss possible indicators for ‘Burke’s fallacy’ in empirical aesthetics today.

A new phenomenon of violence among pupils has been spreading over Europe in the last few years: Cyberbullying, the repeated and intended hurting of weaker schoolmates via modern communication technologies. This study shows (based on a sample of 1987 pupils), that cyberbullying exists in Germany, although the number of incidents is still rather small. It could also be shown, that the pupils who act as cyberbullies are the same as those who bully others in real life. The same overlap was found to be true for the victims. Cyberbullying can therefore be considered a subcategory of ordinary bullying instead of being considered a whole new phenomenon. The exploration of coping strategies showed, that a common factor structure underlies physical, verbal and cyberbullying. Considering the fact that the findings of the study are based on an online questionnaire with restricted representativeness, the results should however be interpreted carefully.