Search

Veliki tetrijeb (Tetrao urogallus) je najveći predstavnik šumskih koka. Područja u kojima veliki tetrijeb obitava nalaze se većinskim djelom na području visokog krša, nadmorske visine oko 1300 metara nadmorske visine. Teren je poprilično razveden i nepristupačan i na njemu postoje svi elementi karakteristični za krš. Glavno stanište velikog tetrijeba je mješovita šuma bukve i jele gdje se dobro skriva u krošnjama jelovog pomlatka. Za vrijeme parenja veliki tetrijeb traži tiha i mirna mjesta koja su ključna za stabilnost populacije. Istraživanja su provedena na 6 pjevališta na području planine Troglav, 6 pjevališta na planini Šator, 4 pjevališta na planini Cincar i na 4 pjevališta planini Golija. Najveći postotak pjevališta je u mješovitim šumama bukve i jele i to oko 90%. Najčešća starosna dob stabala je od 50-60 godina. Raspon nadmorskih visina na kojima se protežu pjevališta je od 1200 do 1600 metara nadmorske visine. Većina pjevališta na području istraživanja nije ugrožena od čovjeka s obzirom na udaljenost od cesta i ljudskih naselja., Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is the largest representative of the grouse family. It mostly inhabits higher mountains in karst areas, mostly around 1300 m above sea level. Those areas are usually quite inaccessible and include all elements of karst. Main habitat of western capercaillie is beech and fir forest where it can hide between young fir trees. During the mating period western capercaillie seeks for quiet and calm locations that are vital for population stability. This study was conducted on 6 mating grounds on Troglav mountain, 6 mating grounds on Šator mountain, 4 mating grounds on Cincar mountain and on 4 mating grounds of Golija mountain. The highest percentage of mating grounds, around 90% was in mixed fir – beech forest. Most of the trees were around 50-60 years of age. Distribution of altitude was from 1200 m to 1600 m. Most of mating grounds in study area are not endangered from human disturbance as they are distant from roads and human settlements.

Mt Troglav, the largest mountain of the Dinara massif, is located on the border area between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the highest peak Veliki Troglav on the Bosnian side. A short floristic observation of the non-forest habitats of the subalpine belt, with some vegetation remarks, was conducted during July, 2011. In total, 151 taxa from 48 families were recorded. The most abundant families are Poaceae (9,9%), Asteraceae (9,3%), Rosaceae (8,6%) and Fabaceae (7,9%). The most frequent life form is hemicryptophyta and the predominant chorological type is Euro-Asian. Eleven taxa are endemic. Five EU habitat types from Annex I of the Habitats Directive were analysed: 6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands, 62A0 Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae), 6230 *Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe), 4070 *Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum, 4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths. Also, some habitats that are not listed on the Habitats Directive, like the orders Atropetalia, Lamio albi-Chenopodietalia boni henrici and Adenostyletalia are shortly discussed. Those habitats on Mt Troglav are the result of human impact, which is today barely noticeable. Therefore, although the natural succession has been slow, seasonal grazing and mowing should be encouraged in those areas., U graničnom području između Republike Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine smjestio se Troglav, najveća i najviša planina središnjih Dinarida. Florističko istraživanje nešumskih staništa subalpinskog pojasa Troglava, s kratkim osvrtom na vegetaciju, provedeno je u srpnju 2011. g. Zabilježena je 151 svojta vaskularne flore razvrstana u 48 porodica. Značajnijim udjelom vrsta ističu se porodice: Poaceae (9,9%), Asteraceae (9,3%), Rosaceae (8,6%), i Fabaceae (7,6%). Analiza životnih oblika ukazuje na izrazitu dominaciju hemikriptofita, a fitogeografska analiza ukazuje na relativnu prevlast euroazijskog flornog elementa. Jedanaest je svojti endemično. U radu je analizirano pet stanišnih tipova s Dodatka I Direktive o zaštiti prirodnih staništa i divlje faune i flore: 6170 Planinski i pretplaninski vapnenački travnjaci, 62A0 Istočno submediteranski suhi travnjaci (Scorzoneretalia villosae), 6230 *Travnjaci tvrdače (Nardus) bogati vrstama, 4070 *Klekovina bora krivulja (Pinus mugo) s dlakavim pjenišnikom (Rhododendron hirsutum) i 4060 Planinske i borealne vrištine, ali i oni stanišni tipovi koji nisu uključeni u ekološku mrežu Europske unije Natura 2000, poput zajednica šumskih čistina (red Atropetalia), nitrofilna i skiofilna vegetacija (red Lamio albi-Chenopodietalia boni henrici) te pretplaninskih zajednica visokih zeleni (red Adenostyletalia). S obzirom da današnji izostanak ljudske djelatnosti na Troglavu omo-gućuje odvijanje prirodnih procesa sukcesije, bilo bi poželjno podržati ekstenzivno stočarenje u svrhu očuvanja biološke i krajobrazne raznolikosti.

U šumskim zajednicama bukovo-jelovih šuma (Fagetum croatium abietetosum) gdje se na osojnim stranama i udolinama pojavljuje i smreka, u šumama pretplaninske bukve (Fagetum subalpinum), u šumama bora krivulja (Pinetum mughi), te na planinskim livadama i točilima na planini Troglav (Dinaridi), entomološkom je mrežicom tijekom 1984., 1986., 1987. i 1988. godine prikupljeno 156 primjeraka osa biljarica (Hymenoptera-Symphyta), od koji je registrirano 50 taksona. 46 taksona se po prvi put spominje za Bosnu i Hercegovinu., In the forest communities of beech and fire (Fagetum croatium abietetosum), where spruce also appears on shady slopes and in the valleys; in the forests of subalpine beech (Fagetum subalpinum), mountain pine (Pinetum mughi), and on mountain meadows and water-holes of Mount Troglav (Dinaric Alps), 156 sawfly (Hymenoptera-Symphyta) species were collected through entomological net in the course of 1984, 1986, 1987 and 1988. Fifty taxa have been registered, with 46 being mentioned for the first time in connection to Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In this work the central part of the Dinaric mountain chain is considered, i. e. the mountain massif of the Dinara, Troglav and Kamešnica, with the highest level at Troglav (1913 m). The study is restricted to the mountain (alpine) associations within climatic region of the distribution of Pinus mugo and submountainous Fagus sylvatica forests (Table 1). Among these alpine communities subalpine and alpine plants are considered and also some taxa of larger vertical spread which take important part in building up this alpine vegetation. The work treats the geographic flora element, i. e. the flora is classified according to the geographic spread of plants — with the aim to make the basis for determining all other types of flora elements and also to be the basis for the hypotheses on the origin and history of the development of plants. Using the geographic-systematic method selected members of the mountain flora of the Dinara, Troglav and Kamešnica have been examined in detail as regards their most important synonyms and geographic distribution, ecology of habitat and phytocenological connection and phylogenetic relations and their variability (Volarić-Mršić 1972). On the ground of the data obtained, and particularly on the ground of geographic spread i. e. the area of distribution of single plants the author has been able to establish and treat the following flora geoelements (table 2—7): Arcto-alpine (17 species, or 10,7%), 2. Altaic-alpine (5 species, 3,1%), 3. Central European mountainous (48 taxa, 28,3%), 4. Mediterranean mountainous (7 species, 4,4%), 5. South European mountainous (11 species, 6,9%), and 6. Southeast European mountainous (106 taxa, 52,2%). Figural relation of single geoelements is shown in table 9 and Fig. 1 and the relation of seven groups of South-eastern European mountainous geoelement is shown in Fig. 2. From the Southeast European mountain (alpine) geoelement the author has separated and defined a new, Dinaric geoelement (tab. 8) including 51 taxa.