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2. Behavioural co‐option of plant secondary compounds by a cavity‐nesting bird is an adaptation against competition and predation.

Author

Mouton, James C., Ton, Riccardo, Sillett, T. Scott, Martin, Thomas E., and Ghalambor, Cameron K.

Subjects
*BIOLOGICAL evolution, *NEST predation, *COMPETITION (Biology), *BIRDHOUSES, *BIRD adaptation, *DEAD trees
Abstract

Interactions with competitors and predators can generate strong selection and favour the evolution of novel strategies for mitigating fitness costs. Adaptations to mitigate competition and predation risk often involve evolution of traits which directly reduce costs. Simultaneously, the evolution of behaviours that co‐opt the functional traits of non‐interacting, third‐party species have also been observed but remain poorly studied (e.g. anointing behaviour, tri‐trophic interactions). Here we investigate if the novel behavioural co‐option of conifer resin in a cavity‐nesting bird can ameliorate interactions with nest predators and nest site competitors. Red‐breasted nuthatches (Sitta canadensis) collect resin from live trees and apply it around the entrances of their nest cavities in dead trees. Using paired nest boxes, we mimicked the nuthatch behaviour by apply resin around the hole of one and not the paired box in two field experiments to test a priori hypotheses about the evolution and adaptive value of this behaviour. The first experiment baited the paired boxes with food to attract mammalian predators (e.g. red squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). The second experiment left boxes available for breeding by cavity‐nesting birds that compete with nuthatches for nest sites (e.g. house wrens Troglodytes aedon). We also used ancestral trait reconstruction to test whether resin use is a non‐adaptive derivation of mud‐plastering behaviour observed in numerous congeners. Experimental nest boxes with resin applied to the entrance were less likely to have bait removed and less likely to have nests built or initiated than paired nest boxes without resin. Ancestral trait reconstruction suggested that resin use was more likely (>77%) to have evolved in ancestors that did not exhibit mud‐plastering behaviour. Our results do not support a major role of phylogenetic inertia and provide experimental evidence that application of conifer resin to nest cavities ameliorates interference competition from other cavity‐nesting species and reduces nest predation risk. Overall, our results showcase the ecological function of behavioural co‐option and its important consequences for fitness in nature. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Longitudinal covariation of testosterone and sperm quality across reproductive stages in the zebra finch

Author

Hurley, Laura L., Ton, Riccardo, Rowe, Melissah, Buchanan, Katherine L., Griffith, Simon C., Crino, Ondi L., Hurley, Laura L., Ton, Riccardo, Rowe, Melissah, Buchanan, Katherine L., Griffith, Simon C., and Crino, Ondi L.

Abstract

Birds that breed opportunistically maintain partial activation of reproductive systems to rapidly exploit environmental conditions when they become suitable for breeding. Maintaining reproductive systems outside of a breeding context is costly. For males, these costs are thought to include continual exposure to testosterone. Males of seasonally breeding birds minimise these costs by downregulating testosterone production outside of a breeding context. Opportunistically breeding birds trade off the need to rapidly initiate reproduction with the costs of elevated testosterone production. One way opportunistically breeding males could minimise these costs is through fine scale changes in testosterone production across discrete reproductive stages which have a greater or lesser requirement for active sperm production. Although spermatogenesis broadly depends on testosterone production, whether changes in testosterone levels across the reproductive stages affect sperm quality and production is unknown. Here, we measured testosterone, sperm quality, and body condition in male zebra finches at discrete stages within reproductive bouts (egg laying, incubation, nestling provisioning, and fledging) and across two consecutive reproductive events in captive male zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis). We also examined associations between male testosterone, sperm quality/production, body condition, and nestling body condition. We found that testosterone levels varied across discrete reproductive stages with the lowest levels during incubation and the highest following chick fledging. Testosterone levels were positively associated with sperm velocity and the proportion of motile sperm but were not associated with male body condition. We found no associations between paternal body condition, testosterone levels, or sperm traits with nestling body condition (a proxy for the reproductive quality of a male and his partner). This study is the first to show that opportunistically b

Published
2023

7. Mitochondrial physiology: Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group

Author

Gnaiger, Erich, Aasander Frostner, Eleonor, Abdul Karim, Norwahidah, Abdel-Rahman, Engy Ali, Abumrad, Nada A, Acuna-Castroviejo, Dario, Adiele, Reginald C, Ahn, Bumsoo, Alencar, MB, Ali, Sameh S, Almeida, Angeles, Alton, Lesley, Alves, Marco G, Amati, Francesca, Amoedo, Nivea Dias, Amorim, Ricardo, Anderson, Ethan J, Andreadou, Ioanna, Antunes, Diana, Arago, Marc, Aral, Cenk, Arandarcikaite, Odeta, Arias-Reyes, Christian, Armand, Anne-Sophie, Arnould, Thierry, Avram, Vlad Florian, Axelrod, Christopher L, Bairam, Aida, Bailey, Damian M, Bajpeyi, Sudip, Bajzikova, Martina, Bakker, Barbara M, Barlow, Jonathan, Bardal, Tora, Banni, A, Bastos Sant'Anna Silva, Ana Carolina, Batterson, Philip, Battino, Maurizio, Bazil, Jason, Beard, Daniel A, Beleza, Jorge, Bednarczyk, Piotr, Bello, Fiona, Ben-Shachar, Dorit, Bento Guida, Jose Freitas, Bergdahl, Andreas, Berge, Rolf K, Bergmeister, Lisa, Bernardi, Paolo, Berridge, Michael V, Bettinazzi, Stefano, Bishop, David, Blier, Pierre U, Blindheim, Dan Filip, Boardman, Neoma T, Boetker, Hans Erik, Borchard, Sabine, Boros, Mihaly, Borsheim, Elisabet, Borras, Consuelo, Borutaite, Vilma, Botella, Javier, Bouillaud, Frederic, Bouitbir, Jamal, Boushel, Robert C, Bovard, Josh, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Breton, Sophie, Brown, David A, Brown, Guy C, Brown, Robert A, Brozinick, Joseph T, Buettner, Garry R, Burtscher, Johannes, Bustos, Matilde, Calabria, Elisa, Calbet, Jose A, Calzia, Enrico, Cannon, Daniel T, Cano Sanchez, Maria, Canto Alvarez, Carles, Cardinale, D, Cardoso, Luiza Helena Daltro, Carvalho, Eugenia, Casado Pinna, Marta, Cassar, Samantha, Castelo, Maria P, Castilho, Roger F, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque, Joao Paulo, Cecatto, Cristiane, Celen, Murat C, Cervinkova, Zuzana, Chabi, Beatrice, Chakrabarti, Lisa, Chakrabarti, Sasanka, Chaurasia, Bhagirath, Chen, Quan, Chicco, Adam J, Chinopoulos, Christos, Chowdhury, Subir K, Cizmarova, Beata, Clementi, Emilio, Coen, Paul M, Cohen, Bruce H, Coker, Robert H, Collin-Chenot, Anne, Coughlan, Melinda T, Coxito, Petro, Crisostomo, Luis, Crispim, Marcell, Crossland, Hannah, Dahdah, Norma, Dalgaard, Louise T, Dambrova, Maija, Danhelovska, Tereza, Darveau, Charles A, Darwin, Paula M, Das, Anibh M, Dash, Ranjan K, Davidova, Eliska, Davis, Michael S, Dayanidhi, Sudarshan, De Bem, Andreza Fabro, De Goede, Paul, De Palma, Clara, De Pinto, Vito, Dela, F, Dembinska-Kiec, Aldona, Detraux, Damien, Devaux, Yvan, Di Marcello, Marco, Di Paola, Floriana Jessica, Dias, Candida, Dias, Tania R, Diederich, Marc, Distefano, Giovanna, Djafarzadeh, Siamak, Doermann, Niklas, Doerrier, Carolina, Dong, Lan-Feng, Donnelly, Chris, Drahota, Zdenek, Duarte, Filipe Valente, Dubouchaud, Herve, Duchen, Michael R, Dumas, Jean-Francois, Durham, William J, Dymkowska, Dorota, Dyrstad, Sissel E, Dyson, Alex, Dzialowski, Edward M, Eaton, Simon, Ehinger, Johannes, Elmer, Eskil, Endlicher, Rene, Engin, Ayse B, Escames, Germaine, Evinova, Andrea, Ezrova, Zuzana, Falk, Marni Joy, Fell, David A, Ferdinandy, Peter, Ferko, Miroslav, Fernandez-Ortiz, Marisol, Erika, Fernandez-Vizarra, Ferreira, Julio Cesar Batista, Ferreira, Rita, Ferri, Alessandra, Festuccia, WT, Fessel, Joshua P, Filipovska, Aleksandra, Fisar, Zdenek, Fischer, Christine, Fischer, Michael, Fisher, Gordon, Fisher, Joshua J, Fontanesi, Flavia, Forbes-Hernandez, Tamara Y, Ford, Ellen, Fornaro, Mara, Fuertes Agudo, Marina, Fulton, Montana, Galina, Antonio, Galkin, Alexander, Gallee, Leon, Galli, Gina L, Gama Perez, Pau, Gan, Zhenji, Ganetzky, Rebecca, Gao, Yun, Garcia, Geovana S, Garcia-Rivas, Gerardo, Garcia-Roves, Pablo Miguel, Garcia-Souza, Luiz Felipe, Garlid, Keith D, Garrabou, Gloria, Garten, Antje, Gastaldelli, Amalia, Gayen, Jiaur, Genders, Amanda J, Genova, Maria Luisa, Giampieri, Francesca, Glatz, Jan FC, Giovarelli, Matteo, Goikoetxea Usandizaga, Naroa, Goncalo Teixeira da Silva, Rui, Goncalves, Debora Farina, Gonzalez-Armenta, Jenny L, Gonzalez-Francesqua, A, Gonzalez-Freire, Marta, Gonzalo, Hugo, Goodpaster, Bret H, Gorr, Thomas A, Gourlay, Campbell W, Grams, Bente, Granata, Cesare, Grefte, Sander, Grilo, Luis, Guarch, Meritxell Espino, Gueguen, Naig, Gumeni, Sentiljana, Haas, Clarissa B, Haavik, Jan, Hachmo, Yafit, Haendeler, Judith, Haider, Markus, Hajrulahovic, Anesa, Hamann, Andrea, Han, Jin, Han, Woo Hyun, Hancock, Chad R, Hand, Steven C, Handl, Jiri, Hansikova, Hana, Hardee, Justin P, Hargreaves, Ian P, Harper, Mary Ellen, Harrison, David K, Hassan, Hazirah, Hatakova, Zuzana, Hausenloy, Derek J, Heales, Simon JR, Heiestad, Christina, Hellgren, Kim T, Henrique, Alexandrino, Hepple, Russell T, Hernansanz-Agustin, Pablo, Hewakapuge, Sudinna, Hickey, Anthony J, Ho, Dieu Hien, Hoehn, Kyle L, Hoel, Frederik, Holland, Olivia J, Holloway, Graham P, Holzner, Lorenz, Hoppel, Charles L, Hoppeler, H, Hoppel, Florian, Houstek, Josef, Huete-Ortega, Maria, Hyrossova, Petra, Iglesias-Gonzalez, Javier, Indiveri, Cesare, Irving, Brian A, Isola, Raffaella, Iyer, Shilpa, Jackson, Christophe B, Jadiya, Pooja, Jana, Prado Fabian, Jandeleit-Dahm, K, Jang, David H, Jang, Young C, Janowska, Joanna, Jansen, Kirsten, Jansen-Duerr, Pidder, Jansone, Baiba, Jarmuszkiewicz, Wieslawa, Jaskiewicz, Anna, Jaspers, Richard T, Jedlicka, Jan, Jerome, Estaquier, Jespersen, Nichlas R, Jha, Rajan K, Joseph, Vincent, Juhasz, Laszlo, Jurczak, Michael J, Jurk, Diana, Kaambre, Tuuli, Kaczor, Jan J, Kainulainen, Heikki, Kampa, Rafal Pawel, Kandel, Sunil M, Kane, Daniel A, Kapferer, Werner, Kapnick, Senta, Kappler, Lisa, Karabatsiakis, Alexander, Karavaeva, Iuliia, Karkucinska-Wieckowska, Agnieszka, Kaur, Sarbjot, Keijer, Jaap, Keller, Markus A, Keppner, Gloria, Khamoui, Andy V, Kidere, Dita, Kilbaugh, Todd, Kim, Hyoung Kyu, Kim, Julian KS, Kimoloi, Sammy, Klepinin, Aleksandr, Klepinina, Lyudmila, Klingenspor, Martin, Klocker, Helmut, Komlódi, Timea, Kolasa, Iris, Koopman, Werner JH, Kopitar-Jerala, Natasa, Kowaltowski, Alicia J, Kozlov, Andrey V, Krajcova, Adela, Krako Jakovljevic, Nina, Kristal, Bruce S, Krycer, Jamer R, Kuang, Jujiao, Kucera, Otto, Kuka, Janis, Kwak, Hyo Bum, Kwast, Kurt, Kwon, Oh Sung, Laasmaa, Martin, Labieniec-Watala, Magdalena, Lai, Nicola, Lalic, Nebojsa M, Land, John M, Lane, Nick, Laner, Verena, Lanza, Ian R, Laouafa, Sofien, Larsen, Steen, Larsen, Terje S, Lavery, Gareth G, Lazou, Antigone, Ledo, Ana Margarida, Lee, Hong Kyu, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lehti, Maarit, Lemieux, Helene, Lenaz, Giorgio, Lerfall, Jorgen, Li, Pingan A, Li Puma, Lance, Liang, Liping, Liepins, Edgars, Lin, Chien-Te, Liu, Jiankang, Lopez, Luis C, Lucchinetti, Eliana, Ma, Tao, Macedo, Maria P, Machado, Ivo F, Maciej, Sarah, MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, Magalhaes, Jose, Magri, Andrea, Majtnerova, Pavlina, Makarova, Elina, Makrecka-Kuka, Marina, Malik, Afshan N, Marcouiller, Francois, Marechal, Amandine, Markova, Michaela, Markovic, Ivanka, Martin, Daniel S, Martins, Ana Dias, Martins, Joao D, Maseko, Tumisang Edward, Maull, Felicia, Mazat, Jean Pierre, McKenna, Helen T, McKenzie, Matthew, McMillan, Duncan GG, McStay, Gavin P, Menze, Michael A, Mendham, Amy, Mercer, John R, Merz, Tamara, Messina, Angela, Meszaros, Andras T, Methner, Axel, Michalak, Slawomir, Mila Guasch, Maria, Minuzzi, Luciele M, Misirkic Marjanovic, Maja, Moellering, Douglas R, Moisoi, Nicoleta, Molina, Anthony JA, Montaigne, David, Moore, Anthony L, Moore, Christy, Moreau, Kerrie, Moreira, Bruno P, Moreno-Sanchez, Rafael, Mracek, Tomas, Muccini, Anna Maria, Muntane, Jordi, Muntean, Danina M, Murray, Andrew J, Musiol, Eva, Nabben, Miranda, Nair, K Sreekumaran, Nehlin, Jan O, Nemec, Michal, Nesci, Salvatore, Neufer, P Darrell, Neuzil, Jiri, Neviere, Remi, Newsom, Sean A., Norman, Jennifer, Nozickova, Katerina, Nunes, Sara, Nuoffer, Jean-Marc, O'Brien, Kristin, O'Brien, Katie A, O'Gorman, Donal, Olgar, Yusuf, Oliveira, Ben, Oliveira, Jorge, Oliveira, Marcus F, Oliveira, Marcos Tulio, Oliveira, Pedro F, Oliveira, Paulo J, Olsen, Rolf Erik, Orynbayeva, Zulfiya, Osiewacz, Heinz D, Paez, Hector, Pak, Youngmi K, Pallotta, Maria L, Palmeira, Carlos M, Parajuli, Nirmala, Passos, Joao F, Passrugger, Manuela, Patel, Hemal H, Pavlova, Nadia, Pavlovic, Kasja, Pecina, Petr, Pedersen, Tina M, Perales, Jose Carlos, Pereira da Silva Grilo da Silva, Filomena, Pereira, Rita, Perez Valencia, Juan A, Perks, Kara L, Pesta, Dominik, Petit, Patrice X, Pettersen Nitschke, Ina Katrine, Pichaud, Nicolas, Pichler, Irene, Piel, Sarah, Pietka, Terri A, Pinho, Sonia A, Pino, Maria F, Pirkmajer, Sergej, Place, Nicolas, Plangger, Mario, Porter, Craig, Porter, Richard K, Preguica, Ines, Procaccio, Vincent, Prochownik, Edward V, Prola, Alexandre, Pulinilkunnil, Thomas, Puskarich, Michael A, Puurand, Marju, Radenkovic, Filip, Ramzan, Rabia, Rattan, Suresh IS, Reano, Simone, Reboredo, Patricia, Rees, Bernard B, Renner-Sattler, Kathrin, Rial, Eduardo, Robinson, Matthew M, Roden, Michael, Rodrigues, Ana Sofia, Rodriguez, Enrique, Rodriguez-Enriquez, Sara, Roesland, Gro Vatne, Rolo, Anabela Pinto, Ropelle, Eduardo R, Roshanravan, Baback, Rossignol, Rodrigue, Rossiter, Harry B, Rousar, Tomas, Rubelj, Ivica, Rybacka-Mossakowska, Joanna, Saada, Ann, Safaei, Zahra, Sarlak, Saharnaz, Salin, Karine, Salvadego, Desy, Sandi, Carmen, Saner, Nicholas, Santos, Diana, Sanz, Alberto, Sardao, Vilma, Sazanov, Leonid A, Scaife, Paula, Scatena, Roberto, Schartner, Melanie, Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten, Schilling, Jan M, Schlattner, Uwe, Schmitt, Sabine, Schneider Gasser, Edith Mariane, Schoenfeld, Peter, Schots, Pauke C, Schulz, Rainer, Schwarzer, Christoph, Scott, Graham R, Selman, Colin, Sendon, Pamella Marie, Shabalina, Irina G, Sharma, Pushpa, Sharma, Vipin, Shevchuk, Igor, Shirazi, Reza, Shiroma, Jonathan G, Siewiera, Karolina, Silber, Ariel M, Silva, Ana Maria, Sims, Carrie A, Singer, Dominique, Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Skolik, Robert A, Smenes, Benedikte Therese, Smith, James, Soares, Félix Alexandre Antunes, Sobotka, Ondrej, Sokolova, Inna, Solesio Torregrosa, M De la Encarnacion, Soliz, Jorge, Sonkar, Vijay K, Sova, Marina, Sowton, Alice P, Sparagna, Genevieve C, Sparks, Lauren M, Spinazzi, Marco, Stankova, Pavla, Starr, Jonathan, Stary, Creed, Stefan, Eduard, Stelfa, Gundega, Stepto, Nigel K, Stevanovic, Jelena, Stiban, Johnny, Stier, Antoine, Stocker, Roland, Storder, Julie, Sumbalova, Zuzana, Suomalainen, Wartiovaara Anu, Suravajhala, Prashanth, Svalbe, Baiba, Swerdlow, Russel H, Swiniuch, Daria, Szabo, Ildiko, Szewczyk, Adam, Szibor, Marten, Tanaka, Masashi, Tandler, Bernard, Tarnopolsky, Mark A, Tausan, Daniel, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Tepp, Kersti, Teodoro, J, Thakkar, Himani, Thapa, Maheshwo, Thyfault, John P, Tomar, Dhanendra, Ton, Riccardo, Torp, May-Kristin, Torres-Quesada, Omar, Towheed, Atif, Treberg, Jason R, Tretter, Laszlo, Trewin, Adam J, Trifunovic, Aleksandra, Trivigno, Catherine, Tronstad, Karl Johan, Trougakos, Ioannis P, Truu, Laura, Tuncay, Erkan, Turan, Belma, Tyrrell, Daniel J, Urban, Tomas, Urner, Sofia, Valentine, Joseph Marco, Van Bergen, Nicole J, Van der Ende, Miranda, Varricchio, Frederick, Vaupel, Peter, Vella, Joanna, Vendelin, Marko, Verdaguer, IB, Vercesi, Anibal E, Vernerova, Andrea, Victor, Victor Manuel, Vieira Ligo Teixeira, Camila, Vidimce, Josif, Viel, Christian, Vieyra, Adalberto, Vilks, Karlis, Villena, Joseph A, Vincent, Vinnyfred, Vinogradov, Andrey D, Viscomi, Carlo, Vitorino, Rui Miguel Pinheiro, Vlachaki Walker, Julia, Vogt, Sebastian, Volani, Chiara, Volska, Kristine, Votion, Dominique-Marie, Vujacic-Mirski, Ksenija, Wagner, Brett A, Ward, Marie Louise, Warnsmann, Verena, Wasserman, David H, Watala, Cezary, Wei, Yau-Huei, Weinberger, Klaus M, White, Sarah, Whitfield, Jamie, Wickert, Anika, Wieckowski, Mariusz R, Wiesner, Rudolf J, Williams, Caroline M, Winwood-Smith, Hugh, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E, Wohlwend, Martin, Wolff, Jonci Nikolai, Wrutniak-Cabello, Chantal, Wuest, Rob C I, Yokota, Takashi, Zablocki, Krzysztof, Zanon, Alessandra, Zanou, Nadege, Zaugg, Kathrin, Zaugg, Michael, Zdrazilova, Lucie, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Yi Zhu, Zikova, Alena, Zischka, Hans, Zorzano, Antonio, Zujovic, Tijana, Zurmanova, Jitka, Zvejniece, Liga, Lagarrigue, Sylviane, Munro, Daniel, Pereira, Susana, Laranjinha, Joäo, Hecker, Matthias, Jusic, Amela, Prigione, Alessandro, Sommer, Natascha, Weissig, Volkmar, Guida, Bento, G, John G, Jones, JG, AMS - Tissue Function & Regeneration, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, Physiology, Mito-Eagle - Evolution-Age-Gender-Lifestyle-Environment (Mito-Eagle), Oroboros Instruments, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Gnaiger Erich, Aasander Frostner Eleonor, Abdul Karim Norwahidah, Abdel-Rahman Engy Ali, Abumrad Nada A, Acuna-Castroviejo Dario, Adiele Reginald C, Ahn Bumsoo, Alencar Mayke Bezerra, Ali Sameh S, Almeida Angeles, Alton Lesley, Alves Marco G, Amati Francesca, Amoedo Nivea Dias, Amorim Ricardo, Anderson Ethan J, Andreadou Ioanna, Antunes Diana, Arago Marc, Aral Cenk, Arandarcikaite Odeta, Arias-Reyes Christian, Armand Anne-Sophie, Arnould Thierry, Avram Vlad F, Axelrod Christopher L, Bailey Damian M, Bairam Aida, Bajpeyi Sudip, Bajzikova Martina, Bakker Barbara M, Banni Aml, Bardal Tora, Barlow J, Bastos Sant'Anna Silva Ana Carolina, Batterson Philip M, Battino Maurizio, Bazil Jason N, Beard Daniel A, Bednarczyk Piotr, Beleza Jorge, Bello Fiona, Ben-Shachar Dorit, Bento Guida Jose Freitas, Bergdahl Andreas, Berge Rolf K, Bergmeister Lisa, Bernardi Paolo, Berridge Michael V, Bettinazzi Stefano, Bishop David J, Blier Pierre U, Blindheim Dan Filip, Boardman Neoma T, Boetker Hans Erik, Borchard Sabine, Boros Mihaly, Boersheim Elisabet, Borras Consuelo, Borutaite Vilma, Botella Javier, Bouillaud Frederic, Bouitbir Jamal, Boushel Robert C, Bovard Josh, Bravo-Sagua Roberto, Breton Sophie, Brown David A, Brown Guy C, Brown Robert Andrew, Brozinick Joseph T, Buettner Garry R, Burtscher Johannes, Bustos Matilde, Calabria Elisa, Calbet Jose AL, Calzia Enrico, Cannon Daniel T, Cano Sanchez Maria Consolacion, Canto Alvarez Carles, Cardinale Daniele A, Cardoso Luiza HD, Carvalho Eugenia, Casado Pinna Marta, Cassar Samantha, Castelo Rueda Maria Paulina, Castilho Roger F, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque Joao Paulo, Cecatto Cristiane, Celen Murat C, Cervinkova Zuzana, Chabi Beatrice, Chakrabarti Lisa, Chakrabarti Sasanka, Chaurasia Bhagirath, Chen Quan, Chicco Adam J, Chinopoulos Christos, Chowdhury Subir Kumar, Cizmarova Beata, Clementi Emilio, Coen Paul M, Cohen Bruce H, Coker Robert H, Collin-Chenot Anne, Coughlan Melinda T, Coxito Pedro, Crisostomo Luis, Crispim Marcell, Crossland Hannah, Dahdah Norma Ramon, Dalgaard Louise T, Dambrova Maija, Danhelovska Tereza, Darveau Charles-A, Darwin Paula M, Das Anibh Martin, Dash Ranjan K, Davidova Eliska, Davis Michael S, Dayanidhi Sudarshan, De Bem Andreza Fabro, De Goede Paul, De Palma Clara, De Pinto Vito, Dela Flemming, Dembinska-Kiec Aldona, Detraux Damian, Devaux Yvan, Di Marcello Marco, Di Paola Floriana Jessica, Dias Candida, Dias Tania R, Diederich Marc, Distefano Giovanna, Djafarzadeh Siamak, Doermann Niklas, Doerrier Carolina, Dong Lan-Feng, Donnelly Chris, Drahota Zdenek, Duarte Filipe Valente, Dubouchaud Herve, Duchen Michael R, Dumas Jean-Francois, Durham William J, Dymkowska Dorota, Dyrstad Sissel E, Dyson Alex, Dzialowski Edward M, Eaton Simon, Ehinger Johannes K, Elmer Eskil, Endlicher Rene, Engin Ayse Basak, Escames Germaine, Evinova Andrea, Ezrova Zuzana, Falk Marni J, Fell David A, Ferdinandy Peter, Ferko Miroslav, Fernandez-Ortiz Marisol, Fernandez-Vizarra Erika, Ferreira Julio Cesar B, Ferreira Rita Maria P, Ferri Alessandra, Fessel Joshua Patrick, Festuccia William T, Filipovska Aleksandra, Fisar Zdenek, Fischer Christine, Fischer Michael J, Fisher Gordon, Fisher Joshua J, Fontanesi Flavia, Forbes-Hernandez Tamara Y, Ford Ellen, Fornaro Mara, Fuertes Agudo Marina, Fulton Montana, Galina Antonio, Galkin Alexander, Gallee Leon, Galli Gina L J, Gama Perez Pau, Gan Zhenji, Ganetzky Rebecca, Gao Yun, Garcia Geovana S, Garcia-Rivas Gerardo, Garcia-Roves Pablo Miguel, Garcia-Souza Luiz F, Garlid Keith D, Garrabou Gloria, Garten Antje, Gastaldelli Amalia, Gayen Jiaur, Genders Amanda J, Genova Maria Luisa, Giampieri Francesca, Giovarelli Matteo, Glatz Jan FC, Goikoetxea Usandizaga Naroa, Goncalo Teixeira da Silva Rui, Goncalves Debora Farina, Gonzalez- Armenta Jenny L, Gonzalez-Franquesa Alba, Gonzalez-Freire Marta, Gonzalo Hugo, Goodpaster Bret H, Gorr Thomas A, Gourlay Campbell W, Grams Bente, Granata Cesare, Grefte Sander, Grilo Luis, Guarch Meritxell Espino, Gueguen Naig, Gumeni Sentiljana, Haas Clarissa, Haavik Jan, Hachmo Yafit, Haendeler Judith, Haider Markus, Hajrulahovic Anesa, Hamann Andrea, Han Jin, Han Woo Hyun, Hancock Chad R, Hand Steven C, Handl Jiri, Hansikova Hana, Hardee Justin P, Hargreaves Iain P, Harper Mary- Ellen, Harrison David K, Hassan Hazirah, Hatokova Zuzana, Hausenloy Derek J, Heales Simon JR, Hecker Matthias, Heiestad Christina, Hellgren Kim T, Henrique Alexandrino, Hepple Russell T, Hernansanz- Agustin Pablo, Hewakapuge Sudinna, Hickey Anthony J, Ho Dieu Hien, Hoehn Kyle L, Hoel Fredrik, Holland Olivia J, Holloway Graham P, Holzner Lorenz, Hoppel Charles L, Hoppel Florian, Hoppeler Hans, Houstek Josef, Huete-Ortega Maria, Hyrossova Petra, Iglesias-Gonzalez Javier, Indiveri Cesare, Irving Brian A, Isola Raffaella, Iyer Shilpa, Jackson Christopher Benjamin, Jadiya Pooja, Jana Prado Fabian, Jandeleit-Dahm Karin, Jang David H, Jang Young Charles, Janowska Joanna, Jansen Kirsten M, Jansen-Duerr Pidder, Jansone Baiba, Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa, Jaskiewicz Anna, Jaspers Richard T, Jedlicka Jan, Jerome Estaquier, Jespersen Nichlas Riise, Jha Rajan Kumar, Jones John G, Joseph Vincent, Juhasz Laszlo, Jurczak Michael J, Jurk Diana, Jusic Amela, Kaambre Tuuli, Kaczor Jan Jacek, Kainulainen Heikki, Kampa Rafal Pawel, Kandel Sunil Mani, Kane Daniel A, Kapferer Werner, Kapnick Senta, Kappler Lisa, Karabatsiakis Alexander, Karavaeva Iuliia, Karkucinska-Wieckowska Agnieszka, Kaur Sarbjot, Keijer Jaap, Keller Markus A, Keppner Gloria, Khamoui Andy V, Kidere Dita, Kilbaugh Todd, Kim Hyoung Kyu, Kim Julian KS, Kimoloi Sammy, Klepinin Aleksandr, Klepinina Lyudmila, Klingenspor Martin, Klocker Helmut, Kolassa Iris, Komlodi Timea, Koopman Werner JH, Kopitar-Jerala Natasa, Kowaltowski Alicia J, Kozlov Andrey V, Krajcova Adela, Krako Jakovljevic Nina, Kristal Bruce S, Krycer James R, Kuang Jujiao, Kucera Otto, Kuka Janis, Kwak Hyo Bum, Kwast Kurt E, Kwon Oh Sung, Laasmaa Martin, Labieniec-Watala Magdalena, Lagarrigue Sylviane, Lai Nicola, Lalic Nebojsa M, Land John M, Lane Nick, Laner Verena, Lanza Ian R, Laouafa Sofien, Laranjinha Joao, Larsen Steen, Larsen Terje S, Lavery Gareth G, Lazou Antigone, Ledo Ana Margarida, Lee Hong Kyu, Leeuwenburgh Christiaan, Lehti Maarit, Lemieux Helene, Lenaz Giorgio, Lerfall Joergen, Li Pingan Andy, Li Puma Lance, Liang Liping, Liepins Edgars, Lin Chien-Te, Liu Jiankang, Lopez Garcia Luis Carlos, Lucchinetti Eliana, Ma Tao, Macedo Maria Paula, Machado Ivo F, Maciej Sarah, MacMillan-Crow Lee Ann, Magalhaes Jose, Magri Andrea, Majtnerova Pavlina, Makarova Elina, Makrecka-Kuka Marina, Malik Afshan N, Marcouiller Francois, Marechal Amandine, Markova Michaela, Markovic Ivanka, Martin Daniel S, Martins Ana Dias, Martins Joao D, Maseko Tumisang Edward, Maull Felicia, Mazat Jean-Pierre, McKenna Helen T, McKenzie Matthew, McMillan Duncan GG, McStay Gavin P, Mendham Amy, Menze Michael A, Mercer John R, Merz Tamara, Messina Angela, Meszaros Andras, Methner Axel, Michalak Slawomir, Mila Guasch Maria, Minuzzi Luciele M, Misirkic Marjanovic Maja, Moellering Douglas R, Moisoi Nicoleta, Molina Anthony JA, Montaigne David, Moore Anthony L, Moore Christy, Moreau Kerrie, Moreira Bruno P, Moreno-Sanchez Rafael, Mracek Tomas, Muccini Anna Maria, Munro Daniel, Muntane Jordi, Muntean Danina M, Murray Andrew James, Musiol Eva, Nabben Miranda, Nair K Sreekumaran, Nehlin Jan O, Nemec Michal, Nesci Salvatore, Neufer P Darrell, Neuzil Jiri, Neviere Remi, Newsom Sean A, Norman Jennifer, Nozickova Katerina, Nunes Sara, Nuoffer Jean-Marc, O'Brien Kristin, O'Brien Katie A, O'Gorman Donal, Olgar Yusuf, Oliveira Ben, Oliveira Jorge, Oliveira Marcus F, Oliveira Marcos Tulio, Oliveira Pedro Fontes, Oliveira Paulo J, Olsen Rolf Erik, Orynbayeva Zulfiya, Osiewacz Heinz D, Paez Hector, Pak Youngmi Kim, Pallotta Maria Luigia, Palmeira Carlos, Parajuli Nirmala, Passos Joao F, Passrugger Manuela, Patel Hemal H, Pavlova Nadia, Pavlovic Kasja, Pecina Petr, Pedersen Tina M, Perales Jose Carles, Pereira da Silva Grilo da Silva Filomena, Pereira Rita, Pereira Susana P, Perez Valencia Juan Alberto, Perks Kara L, Pesta Dominik, Petit Patrice X, Pettersen Nitschke Ina Katrine, Pichaud Nicolas, Pichler Irene, Piel Sarah, Pietka Terri A, Pinho Sonia A, Pino Maria F, Pirkmajer Sergej, Place Nicolas, Plangger Mario, Porter Craig, Porter Richard K, Preguica Ines, Prigione Alessandro, Procaccio Vincent, Prochownik Edward V, Prola Alexandre, Pulinilkunnil Thomas, Puskarich Michael A, Puurand Marju, Radenkovic Filip, Ramzan Rabia, Rattan Suresh IS, Reano Simone, Reboredo-Rodriguez Patricia, Rees Bernard B, Renner-Sattler Kathrin, Rial Eduardo, Robinson Matthew M, Roden Michael, Rodrigues Ana Sofia, Rodriguez Enrique, Rodriguez-Enriquez Sara, Roesland Gro Vatne, Rohlena Jakub, Rolo Anabela Pinto, Ropelle Eduardo R, Roshanravan Baback, Rossignol Rodrigue, Rossiter Harry B, Rousar Tomas, Rubelj Ivica, Rybacka-Mossakowska Joanna, Saada Reisch Ann, Safaei Zahra, Salin Karine, Salvadego Desy, Sandi Carmen, Saner Nicholas, Santos Diana, Sanz Alberto, Sardao Vilma, Sarlak Saharnaz, Sazanov Leonid A, Scaife Paula, Scatena Roberto, Schartner Melanie, Scheibye-Knudsen Morten, Schilling Jan M, Schlattner Uwe, Schmitt Sabine, Schneider Gasser Edith Mariane, Schoenfeld Peter, Schots Pauke C, Schulz Rainer, Schwarzer Christoph, Scott Graham R, Selman Colin, Sendon Pamella Marie, Shabalina Irina G, Sharma Pushpa, Sharma Vipin, Shevchuk Igor, Shirazi Reza, Shiroma Jonathan G, Siewiera Karolina, Silber Ariel M, Silva Ana Maria, Sims Carrie A, Singer Dominique, Singh Brijesh Kumar, Skolik Robert A, Smenes Benedikte Therese, Smith James, Soares Felix Alexandre Antunes, Sobotka Ondrej, Sokolova Inna, Solesio Maria E, Soliz Jorge, Sommer Natascha, Sonkar Vijay K, Sova Marina, Sowton Alice P, Sparagna Genevieve C, Sparks Lauren M, Spinazzi Marco, Stankova Pavla, Starr Jonathan, Stary Creed, Stefan Eduard, Stelfa Gundega, Stepto Nigel K, Stevanovic Jelena, Stiban Johnny, Stier Antoine, Stocker Roland, Storder Julie, Sumbalova Zuzana, Suomalainen Anu, Suravajhala Prashanth, Svalbe Baiba, Swerdlow Russell H, Swiniuch Daria, Szabo Ildiko, Szewczyk Adam, Szibor Marten, Tanaka Masashi, Tandler Bernard, Tarnopolsky Mark A, Tausan Daniel, Tavernarakis Nektarios, Teodoro Joao Soeiro, Tepp Kersti, Thakkar Himani, Thapa Maheshwor, Thyfault John P, Tomar Dhanendra, Ton Riccardo, Torp May-Kristin, Torres-Quesada Omar, Towheed Atif, Treberg Jason R, Tretter Laszlo, Trewin Adam J, Trifunovic Aleksandra, Trivigno Catherine, Tronstad Karl Johan, Trougakos Ioannis P, Truu Laura, Tuncay Erkan, Turan Belma, Tyrrell Daniel J, Urban Tomas, Urner Sofia, Valentine Joseph Marco, Van Bergen Nicole J, Van der Ende Miranda, Varricchio Frederick, Vaupel Peter, Vella Joanna, Vendelin Marko, Vercesi Anibal E, Verdaguer Ignasi Bofill, Vernerova Andrea, Victor Victor Manuel, Vieira Ligo Teixeira Camila, Vidimce Josif, Viel Christian, Vieyra Adalberto, Vilks Karlis, Villena Josep A, Vincent Vinnyfred, Vinogradov Andrey D, Viscomi Carlo, Vitorino Rui Miguel Pinheiro, Vlachaki Walker Julia, Vogt Sebastian, Volani Chiara, Volska Kristine, Votion Dominique-Marie, Vujacic-Mirski Ksenija, Wagner Brett A, Ward Marie Louise, Warnsmann Verena, Wasserman David H, Watala Cezary, Wei Yau-Huei, Weinberger Klaus M, Weissig Volkmar, White Sarah Haverty, Whitfield Jamie, Wickert Anika, Wieckowski Mariusz R, Wiesner Rudolf J, Williams Caroline M, Winwood-Smith Hugh, Wohlgemuth Stephanie E, Wohlwend Martin, Wolff Jonci Nikolai, Wrutniak-Cabello Chantal, Wuest Rob CI, Yokota Takashi, Zablocki Krzysztof, Zanon Alessandra, Zanou Nadege, Zaugg Kathrin, Zaugg Michael, Zdrazilova Lucie, Zhang Yong, Zhang Yizhu, Zikova Alena, Zischka Hans, Zorzano Antonio, Zujovic Tijana, Zurmanova Jitka, Zvejniece Liga

Subjects
uncoupling, MitoPedia: Respiratory states, SI - The International System of Units, IUPAC, Coupling control, Mitochondrial preparations, Protonmotive force, Uncoupling, Oxidative phosphorylation, Phosphorylation efficiency, Electron transfer-pathway, LEAK-respiration, Residual oxygen consumption, Normalization of rate, Flow, Flux, Flux control ratio, Mitochondrial marker, Cell count, Oxygen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], coupling control, protonmotive force, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial respiratory control, State 4, electron transfer, State 2, State 3, Mitochondrial physiology, residual oxygen consumption, flux, normalization, ion leak and slip compensatory state, efficiency, electron transfer system, flow, mitochondrial physiology, oxygen, mitochondrial preparations, proton leak
Abstract

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and diseaseexpands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminologyconcerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. Thechemiosmotic theoryestablishes the mechanism of energy transformationandcoupling in oxidative phosphorylation. Theunifying concept of the protonmotive force providestheframeworkfordeveloping a consistent theoretical foundation ofmitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics.We followthe latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)onterminology inphysical chemistry, extended by considerationsofopen systems and thermodynamicsof irreversible processes.Theconcept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and alignsconcepts and symbols withthe nomenclature of classicalbioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view ofmitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes.Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimatelycontribute BEC 2020.1 doi:10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1www.bioenergetics-communications.org3of 44to reproducibility between laboratories and thussupport the development of datarepositoriesof mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells.Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery.

Published
2020
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10. Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates

Author

Gnaiger, Erich, Aasander Frostner, Eleonor, Abdul Karim, Norwahidah, Abumrad, Nada A, Acuna-Castroviejo, Dario, Adiele, Reginald C, Ahn, Bumsoo, Ali, Sameh S, Alton, Lesley, Alves, Marco G, Amati, Francesca, Amoedo, Nivea Dias, Andreadou, Ioanna, Arago, Marc, Aral, Cenk, Arandarcikaite, Odeta, Armand, Anne-Sophie, Arnould, Thierry, Avram, Vlad Florian, Bailey, Damian M, Bajpeyi, Sudip, Bajzikova, Martina, Bakker, Barbara M, Barlow, Jonathan, Bastos Sant'Anna Silva, Ana Carolina, Batterson, Philip, Battino, Maurizio, Bazil, Jason, Beard, Daniel A, Bednarczyk, Piotr, Bello, Fiona, Ben-Shachar, Dorit, Bergdahl, Andreas, Berge, Rolf K, Bergmeister, Lisa, Bernardi, Paolo, Berridge, Michael V, Bettinazzi, Stefano, Bishop, David, Blier, Pierre U, Blindheim, Dan Filip, Boardman, Neoma T, Boetker, Hans Erik, Borchard, Sabine, Boros, Mihaly, Borsheim, Elisabet, Borutaite, Vilma, Botella, Javier, Bouillaud, Frederic, Bouitbir, Jamal, Boushel, Robert C, Bovard, Josh, Breton, Sophie, Brown, David A, Brown, Guy C, Brown, Robert A, Brozinick, Joseph T, Buettner, Garry R, Burtscher, Johannes, Calabria, Elisa, Calbet, Jose A, Calzia, Enrico, Cannon, Daniel T, Cano Sanchez, Maria, Canto Alvarez, Carlos, Cardoso, Luiza Helena Daltro, Carvalho, Eugenia, Casado Pinna, Marta, Cassar, Samantha, Cassina, Adriana M, Castelo, Maria P, Gonzalez-Franquesa, A, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque, Joao Paulo, Cervinkova, Zuzana, Chabi, Beatrice, Chakrabarti, Lisa, Chakrabarti, Sasanka, Chaurasia, Bhagirath, Chen, Qi, Chicco, Adam J, Chinopoulos, Christos, Chowdhury, Subir K, Cizmarova, Beata, Clementi, Emilio, Coen, Paul M, Cohen, Bruce H, Coker, Robert H, Collin, Anne, Crisostomo, Luis, Dahdah, Norma, Dalgaard, Louise T, Dambrova, Maija, Danhelovska, Tereza, Darveau, Charles A, Das, Anibh M, Dash, Ranjan K, Davidova, Eliska, Davis, Michael S, De Goede, Paul, De Palma, Clara, Dembinska-Kiec, Aldona, Detraux, Damien, Devaux, Yvan, Di Marcello, Marco, Dias, Tania R, Distefano, Giovanna, Doermann, Niklas, Doerrier, Carolina, Dong, Lan-Feng, Donnelly, Chris, Drahota, Zdenek, Duarte, Filipe Valente, Dubouchaud, Herve, Duchen, Michael R, Dumas, Jean-Francois, Durham, William J, Dymkowska, Dorota, Dyrstad, Sissel E, Dyson, Alex, Dzialowski, Edward M, Eaton, Simon, Ehinger, Johannes, Elmer, Eskil, Endlicher, Rene, Engin, Ayse B, Escames, Germaine, Ezrova, Zuzana, Falk, Marni Joy, Fell, David A, Ferdinandy, Peter, Ferko, Miroslav, Ferreira, Julio Cesar Batista, Ferreira, Rita, Ferri, Alessandra, Fessel, Joshua P, Filipovska, Aleksandra, Fisar, Zdenek, Fischer, Christine, Fischer, Michael, Fisher, Gordon, Fisher, Joshua J, Ford, Ellen, Fornaro, Mara, Galina, Antonio, Galkin, Alexander, Gallee, Leon, Galli, Gina L, Gama Perez, Pau, Gan, Zhenji, Ganetzky, Rebecca, Garcia-Rivas, Gerardo, Garcia-Roves, Pablo Miguel, Garcia-Souza, Luiz Felipe, Garipi, Enis, Garlid, Keith D, Garrabou, Gloria, Garten, Antje, Gastaldelli, Amalia, Gayen, Jiaur, Genders, Amanda J, Genova, Maria Luisa, Giovarelli, Matteo, Goncalo Teixeira da Silva, Rui, Goncalves, Debora Farina, Gonzalez-Armenta, Jenny L, Gonzalez-Freire, Marta, Gonzalo, Hugo, Goodpaster, Bret H, Gorr, Thomas A, Gourlay, Campbell W, Granata, Cesare, Grefte, Sander, Guarch, Meritxell Espino, Gueguen, Naig, Gumeni, Sentiljana, Haas, Clarissa B, Haavik, Jan, Haendeler, Judith, Haider, Markus, Hamann, Andrea, Han, Jin, Han, Woo Hyun, Hancock, Chad R, Hand, Steven C, Handl, Jiri, Hargreaves, Ian P, Harper, Mary Ellen, Harrison, David K, Hassan, Hazirah, Hausenloy, Derek J, Heales, Simon JR, Heiestad, Christina, Hellgren, Kim T, Hepple, Russell T, Hernansanz-Agustin, Pablo, Hewakapuge, Sudinna, Hickey, Anthony J, Ho, Dieu Hien, Hoehn, Kyle L, Hoel, Frederik, Holland, Olivia J, Holloway, Graham P, Hoppel, Charles L, Hoppel, Florian, Houstek, Josef, Huete-Ortega, Maria, Hyrossova, Petra, Iglesias-Gonzalez, Javier, Irving, Brian A, Isola, Raffaella, Iyer, Shilpa, Jackson, Christophe B, Jadiya, Pooja, Jana, Prado Fabian, Jang, David H, Jang, Young C, Janowska, Joanna, Jansen, Kirsten, Jansen-Duerr, Pidder, Jansone, Baiba, Jarmuszkiewicz, Wieslawa, Jaskiewicz, Anna, Jedlicka, Jan, Jespersen, Nichlas R, Jha, Rajan K, Jurczak, Michael J, Jurk, Diana, Kaambre, Tuuli, Kaczor, Jan J, Kainulainen, Heikki, Kampa, Rafal Pawel, Kandel, Sunil M, Kane, Daniel A, Kapferer, Werner, Kappler, Lisa, Karabatsiakis, Alexander, Karkucinska-Wieckowska, Agnieszka, Kaur, Sarbjot, Keijer, Jaap, Keller, Markus A, Keppner, Gloria, Khamoui, Andy V, Kidere, Dita, Kilbaugh, Todd, Kim, Hyoung Kyu, Kim, Julian KS, Klepinin, Aleksandr, Klepinina, Lyudmila, Klingenspor, Martin, Klocker, Helmut, Komlódi, Timea, Koopman, Werner JH, Kopitar-Jerala, Natasa, Kowaltowski, Alicia J, Kozlov, Andrey V, Krajcova, Adela, Krako Jakovljevic, Nina, Kristal, Bruce S, Krycer, Jamer R, Kuang, Jujiao, Kucera, Otto, Kuka, Janis, Kwak, Hyo Bum, Kwast, Kurt, Laasmaa, Martin, Labieniec-Watala, Magdalena, Lai, Nicola, Land, John M, Lane, Nick, Laner, Verena, Lanza, Ian R, Larsen, Terje S, Lavery, Gareth G, Lazou, Antigone, Lee, Hong Kyu, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lehti, Maarit, Lemieux, Helene, Lenaz, Giorgio, Lerfall, Jorgen, Li, Pingan A, Li Puma, Lance, Liepins, Edgars, Lionett, Sofie, Liu, Jiankang, Lopez, Luis C, Lucchinetti, Eliana, Ma, Tao, Macedo, Maria P, Maciej, Sarah, MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, Majtnerova, Pavlina, Makarova, Elina, Makrecka-Kuka, Marina, Malik, Afshan N, Markova, Michaela, Martin, Daniel S, Martins, Ana Dias, Martins, Joao D, Maseko, Tumisang Edward, Maull, Felicia, Mazat, Jean Pierre, McKenna, Helen T, McKenzie, Matthew, Menze, Michael A, Merz, Tamara, Meszaros, Andras T, Methner, Axel, Michalak, Slawomir, Moellering, Douglas R, Moisoi, Nicoleta, Molina, Anthony JA, Montaigne, David, Moore, Anthony L, Moreau, Kerrie, Moreira, Bruno P, Moreno-Sanchez, Rafael, Mracek, Tomas, Muccini, Anna Maria, Muntane, Jordi, Muntean, Danina M, Murray, Andrew J, Musiol, Eva, Nabben, Miranda, Nair, K Sreekumaran, Nehlin, Jan O, Nemec, Michal, Neufer, P Darrell, Neuzil, Jiri, Neviere, Remi, Newsom, Sean A., Nozickova, Katerina, O'Brien, Katie A, O'Gorman, Donal, Olgar, Yusuf, Oliveira, Ben, Oliveira, Marcus F, Oliveira, Marcos Tulio, Oliveira, Pedro F, Oliveira, Paulo J, Orynbayeva, Zulfiya, Osiewacz, Heinz D, Pak, Youngmi K, Pallotta, Maria L, Palmeira, Carlos M, Parajuli, Nirmala, Passos, Joao F, Passrugger, Manuela, Patel, Hemal H, Pavlova, Nadia, Pecina, Petr, Pedersen, Tina M, Pereira da Silva Grilo da Silva, Filomena, Perez Valencia, Juan A, Perks, Kara L, Pesta, Dominik, Petit, Patrice X, Pettersen, Ina Katrine Nitschke, Pichaud, Nicolas, Pichler, Irene, Piel, Sarah, Pietka, Terri A, Pino, Maria F, Pirkmajer, Sergej, Plangger, Mario, Porter, Craig, Porter, Richard K, Procaccio, Vincent, Prochownik, Edward V, Prola, Alexandre, Pulinilkunnil, Thomas, Puskarich, Michael A, Puurand, Marju, Radenkovic, Filip, Ramzan, Rabia, Rattan, Suresh IS, Reboredo, Patricia, Renner-Sattler, Kathrin, Rial, Eduardo, Robinson, Matthew M, Roden, Michael, Rodriguez, Enrique, Rodriguez-Enriquez, Sara, Roesland, Gro Vatne, Rohlena, Jakub, Rolo, Anabela Pinto, Ropelle, Eduardo R, Rossignol, Rodrigue, Rossiter, Harry B, Rubelj, Ivica, Rybacka-Mossakowska, Joanna, Saada, Ann, Safaei, Zahra, Sarlak, S, Salin, Karine, Salvadego, Desy, Sandi, Carmen, Saner, Nicholas, Sanz, Alberto, Sazanov, Leonid A, Scatena, Roberto, Schartner, Melanie, Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten, Schilling, Jan M, Schlattner, Uwe, Schoenfeld, Peter, Schots, Pauke C, Schulz, Rainer, Schwarzer, Christoph, Scott, Graham R, Selman, Colin, Shabalina, Irina G, Sharma, Pushpa, Sharma, Vipin, Shevchuk, Igor, Shirazi, Reza, Shiroma, Jonathan G, Siewiera, Karolina, Silber, Ariel M, Silva, Ana Maria, Sims, Carrie A, Singer, Dominique, Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Skolik, Robert A, Smenes, Benedikte Therese, Smith, James, Soares, Félix Alexandre Antunes, Sobotka, Ondrej, Sokolova, Inna, Sonkar, Vijay K, Sowton, Alice P, Sparagna, Genevieve C, Sparks, Lauren M, Spinazzi, Marco, Stankova, Pavla, Starr, Jonathan, Stary, Creed, Stelfa, Gundega, Stepto, Nigel K, Stiban, Johnny, Stier, Antoine, Stocker, Roland, Storder, Julie, Sumbalova, Zuzana, Suomalainen, Wartiovaara Anu, Suravajhala, Prashanth, Svalbe, Baiba, Swerdlow, Russel H, Swiniuch, Daria, Szabo, Ildiko, Szewczyk, Adam, Szibor, Marten, Tanaka, Masashi, Tandler, Bernard, Tarnopolsky, Mark A, Tausan, Daniel, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Tepp, Kersti, Thakkar, Himani, Thapa, Maheshwo, Thyfault, John P, Tomar, Dhanendra, Ton, Riccardo, Torp, May-Kristin, Towheed, Atif, Tretter, Laszlo, Trewin, Adam J, Trifunovic, Aleksandra, Trivigno, Catherine, Tronstad, Karl Johan, Trougakos, Ioannis P, Truu, Laura, Tuncay, Erkan, Turan, Belma, Tyrrell, Daniel J, Urban, Tomas, Valentine, Joseph Marco, Van Bergen, Nicole J, Van Hove, Johan, Varricchio, Frederick, Vella, Joanna, Vendelin, Marko, Vercesi, Anibal E, Victor, Victor Manuel, Vieira Ligo Teixeira, Camila, Vidimce, Josif, Viel, Christian, Vieyra, Adalberto, Vilks, Karlis, Villena, Joseph A, Vincent, Vinnyfred, Vinogradov, Andrey D, Viscomi, Carlo, Vitorino, Rui Miguel Pinheiro, Vogt, Sebastian, Volani, Chiara, Volska, Kristine, Votion, Dominique-Marie, Vujacic-Mirski, Ksenija, Wagner, Brett A, Ward, Marie Louise, Warnsmann, Verena, Wasserman, David H, Watala, Cezary, Wei, Yau-Huei, Whitfield, Jamie, Wickert, Anika, Wieckowski, Mariusz R, Wiesner, Rudolf J, Williams, Caroline M, Winwood-Smith, Hugh, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E, Wohlwend, Martin, Wolff, Jonci Nikolai, Wrutniak-Cabello, Chantal, Wuest, Rob C I, Yokota, Takashi, Zablocki, Krzysztof, Zanon, Alessandra, Zanou, Nadege, Zaugg, Kathrin, Zaugg, Michael, Zdrazilova, Lucie, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Yi Zhu, Zikova, Alena, Zischka, Hans, Zorzano, Antonio, Zvejniece, Liga, Lagarrigue, Sylviane, Munro, Daniel, Pereira, Susana, Laranjinha, Joäo, Almeida, Angeles, Diederich, M, Hecker, M, Jusic, A, Prigione, A, Sommer, N, Weissig, V, Abdel-Rahman, EA, Sova, M, Amorim, R, Beleza, J, Bravo-Sagua, R, Celen, MC, Coxito, P, Crispim, M, Dias, C, Evinova, A, Fuertes Agudo, M, Gao, Y, Garcia, G, Goikoetxea Usandizaga, N, Grilo, L, Minuzzi, LM, Hachmo, Y, Hajrulahovic, A, Hatokova, Z, Henrique, A, Holzner, L, Kimoloi, S, Ledo, AM, Machado, IF, Magalhaes, J, Magri, A, Nunes, S, Oliveira, J, Pinho, SA, Preguica, I, Reano, S, Rodrigues, AS, Santos, D, Sardao, V, Stevanovic, J, Teodoro, J, Van der Ende, M, Zujovic, T, Djafarzadeh, S, Schneider Gasser, EM, Jaspers, RT, Arias-Reyes, C, Bairam, A, Laouafa, S, Marcouiller, F, Soliz, J, Glatz, J, Antunes, D, Bach de Courtade, SM, Bardal, T, Di Paola, FJ, Fulton, M, Grams, B, Joseph, V, Kwon, OS, Liang, L, Mila Guasch, M, Moore, C, Norman, J, O'Brien, K, Olsen, RE, Paez, H, Rees, BB, Roshanravan, B, Scaife, P, Sendon, PM, Vlachaki Walker, J, Crossland, H, Jones, JG, Bento, G, Perales, JC, and Aragones Lopez, J

Subjects
uncoupling, Mitochondrial respiratory control, coupling control, protonmotive force, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial respiratory control, NARILIS, ET [electron transfer], electron transfer, residual oxygen consumption, flux, normalization, efficiency, flow, oxygen, mitochondrial preparations, proton leak
Abstract

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to human health expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow guidelines of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of databases of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery.

Published
2019
Full Text
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13. ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON ALTRICIAL BIRD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Author

Ton, Riccardo and Ton, Riccardo

Abstract

Rates of embryonic and post-natal growth vary extensively among species and geographic space. This variation is well represented in songbird offspring from different latitudes and can strongly influence organismal quality and fitness. However, environmental and evolutionary causes and consequences of variation in embryonic and post-natal growth remain unclear. Here we experimentally show in the field that, within the constraints imposed by physiological trade-offs, warmer incubation temperatures shortened embryonic period length among nine species of songbirds from two latitudes. Yet, the magnitude of the response varied and species-specific reaction norms of embryonic reduction in response to our treatment positively correlated with the natural temperature experienced during incubation. Furthermore, we found little evidence for potential metabolic costs imposed on offspring by faster development, but we detected benefits for size at hatching instead. These results question the generality of theories considering avian development to be strictly dictated by intrinsic trade-offs and suggest that shorter embryonic periods caused by warmer temperature may not be as detrimental as traditionally thought. Costs of shorter development due to warmer embryonic temperature may appear later in life as stunted post-natal growth via influences on offspring metabolism and parental feeding and brooding effort. Our treatment increased metabolic rate without producing appreciable changes in parental care yielding slower post-natal growth rates in two species, faster growth in one and no effects for the majority of the species studied. These results suggest that shorter embryonic periods are not generally associated to costs paid during the post-natal stages but also question the role of metabolism for growth. We tested for the association between metabolism and growth using a comparative approach. We discovered that metabolic rate and body mass of nestlings predicted variation in pos

Published
2016

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