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1. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N. P., Singh, M. J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. A Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated to developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign. Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of in-vessel components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants are already under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. The integrated test to confirm 1MV output by combining invertor systems, DC generators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion.

Published
2023
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3. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress

Author

Toigo, V., Marcuzzi, D., Serianni, G., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparini, F., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Krastev, P., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Martines, E., Martini, G., Martini, S., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzolo, A., Sartori, E., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Terranova, D., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Vignando, M., Zagorski, R., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Decamps, H., Dremel, M., Graceffa, J., Geli, F., Urbani, M., Zacks, J., Bonicelli, T., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Agarici, G., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Kouzmenko, G., Labate, C., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Moreno, J-F, Pilard, V., Rousseau, A., Simon, M., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maejima, T., Kojima, A., Oshita, E., Yamashita, Y., Konno, S., Singh, M., Chakraborty, A., Patel, H., Singh, N.P., Fantz, U., Bonomo, F., Cristofaro, S., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Fubiani, G., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., McCormack, O., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., D'Arienzo, M., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Published
2021
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5. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., Panin F., Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accelerator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confir

Published
2023

9. Development of supersonic plasma flows by use of a magnetic nozzle and an ICRF heating

Author

Inutake, M., Ando, A., Hattori, K., Tobari, H., Hosokawa, Y., Sato, R., Hatanaka, M., and Harata, K.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A high-beta, supersonic plasma flow plays a crucial role in MHD phenomena in space and fusion plasmas. There are a few experimental researches on production and control of a fast flowing plasma in spite of a growing significance in the magnetized-plasma flow dynamics. A magneto-plasma-dynamic arcjet (MPDA) is one of promising devices to produce a supersonic plasma flow and has been utilized as an electric propulsion device with a higher specific impulse and a relatively larger thrust. We have improved the performance of an MPDA to produce a quasi-steady plasma flow with a transonic and supersonic Mach number in a highly-ionized state. There are two methods in order to control an ion-acoustic Mach number of the plasma flow exhausted from an MPDA: one is to use a magnetic Laval nozzle to convert a thermal energy to a flow energy and the other is a combined system of an ion heating and a divergent magnetic nozzle. The former is an analogous method to a compressible air flow and the latter is the method proposed in an advanced thruster for a manned interplanetary space mission. We have clarified the plasma flow characteristics in various shapes of a magnetic field configuration. It was demonstrated that the Mach number of the plasma flow could increase up to almost 3 in a divergent magnetic nozzle field. This paper reports recent results on the flow field improvements: one is on a magnetic-Laval-nozzle effects observed at the muzzle region of the MPDA, and the other is on ICRF (ion-cyclotron-range of frequency) heating of a supersonic plasma by use of a helical antenna., Comment: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France)

Published
2004

10. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

Toigo, V., Piovan, R., Dal Bello, S., Gaio, E., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Bigi, M., Chitarin, G., Marcuzzi, D., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Baltador, C., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Boldrin, M., Brombin, M., Dalla Palma, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Finotti, C., Fiorentin, A., Gambetta, G., Gnesotto, F., Grando, L., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Valente, M., Veltri, P., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zanotto, L., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Graceffa, J., Svensson, L., Schunke, B, Decamps, H., Urbani, M., Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Mico, G., Moreno, J.-F., Pilard, V., Kashiwagi, M., Hanada, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maeshima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Yamanaka, H., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Rotti, C., Patel, H., Nagaraju, M.V., Singh, N.P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Hanke, S., Hauer, V., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., De Esch, H.P.L., Hemsworth, R., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Rebai, M., Muraro, A., Cavenago, M., D'Arienzo, M., and Sandri, S.

Published
2017
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11. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., primary, Toigo, V., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Grando, L., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Serianni, G., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Battistella, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candela, V., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Canton, A., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavazzana, R., additional, Cordaro, L., additional, Cruz, N., additional, Dalla Palma, M., additional, Dan, M., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, De Nardi, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gaio, E., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Gnesotto, F., additional, Jain, P., additional, La Rosa, A., additional, Lopez-Bruna, D., additional, Lorenzini, R., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Manfrin, S., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Mario, I., additional, Martini, G., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Patton, T., additional, Peruzzo, S., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Pomaro, N., additional, Pouradier-Duteil, B., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Rizzetto, D., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Santoro, F., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Sottocornola, A., additional, Spada, E., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Tinti, P., additional, Tomsič, P., additional, Trevisan, L., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Valente, M., additional, Valisa, M., additional, Veronese, F., additional, Vignando, M., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Boilson, D., additional, Rotti, C., additional, Decamps, H., additional, Geli, F., additional, Sharma, A., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zacks, J., additional, Simon, M., additional, Paolucci, F., additional, Garbuglia, A., additional, Gutierrez, D., additional, Masiello, A., additional, Mico, G., additional, Labate, C., additional, Readman, P., additional, Bragulat, E., additional, Bailly-Maitre, L., additional, Gomez, G., additional, Kouzmenko, G., additional, Albajar, F., additional, Kashiwagi, M., additional, Tobari, H., additional, Kojima, A., additional, Murayama, M., additional, Hatakeyama, S., additional, Oshita, E., additional, Maejima, T., additional, Shibata, N., additional, Yamashita, Y., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Singh, N.P., additional, Singh, M.J., additional, Dhola, H., additional, Fantz, U., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Wimmer, C., additional, Wünderlich, D., additional, Tsumori, K., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Rebai, M., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Taccogna, F., additional, Bruno, D., additional, Rutigliano, M., additional, Longo, S., additional, Deambrosis, S., additional, Miorin, E., additional, Montagner, F., additional, Tonti, A., additional, and Panin, F., additional

Published
2023
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14. Strategy for Vacuum Insulation Tests of MITICA 1 MV Electrostatic Accelerator

Author

Chitarin, G., primary, Kojima, A., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Toigo, V., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Barbato, P., additional, Berton, G., additional, Breda, M., additional, Dan, M., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Tollin, M., additional, Valente, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Pomaro, N., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Hiratsuka, J., additional, Ichikawa, M., additional, Kisaki, M., additional, Murayama, M., additional, Saquilayan, G. M., additional, Tobari, H., additional, Umeda, N., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, and Kashiwagi, M., additional

Published
2022
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15. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress

Author

Toigo, V, Marcuzzi, D, Serianni, G, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparini, F, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Krastev, P, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Martini, G, Martini, S, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Vignando, M, Zagorski, R, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Urbani, M, Zacks, J, Bonicelli, T, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Agarici, G, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Kouzmenko, G, Labate, C, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Rousseau, A, Simon, M, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Oshita, E, Yamashita, Y, Konno, S, Singh, M, Chakraborty, A, Patel, H, Singh, N, Fantz, U, Bonomo, F, Cristofaro, S, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Fubiani, G, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, D'Arienzo, M, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Marcuzzi D., Serianni G., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Bello S. D., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Palma M. D., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparini F., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Krastev P., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Martines E., Martini G., Martini S., Milazzo R., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzolo A., Sartori E., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Vignando M., Zagorski R., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Urbani M., Zacks J., Bonicelli T., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Agarici G., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Kouzmenko G., Labate C., Masiello A., Mico G., Moreno J. -F., Pilard V., Rousseau A., Simon M., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Oshita E., Yamashita Y., Konno S., Singh M., Chakraborty A., Patel H., Singh N. P., Fantz U., Bonomo F., Cristofaro S., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Fubiani G., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., McCormack O., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., D'Arienzo M., Tonti A., Panin F., Toigo, V, Marcuzzi, D, Serianni, G, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparini, F, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Krastev, P, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Martini, G, Martini, S, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Vignando, M, Zagorski, R, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Urbani, M, Zacks, J, Bonicelli, T, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Agarici, G, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Kouzmenko, G, Labate, C, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Rousseau, A, Simon, M, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Oshita, E, Yamashita, Y, Konno, S, Singh, M, Chakraborty, A, Patel, H, Singh, N, Fantz, U, Bonomo, F, Cristofaro, S, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Fubiani, G, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, D'Arienzo, M, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Marcuzzi D., Serianni G., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Bello S. D., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Palma M. D., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparini F., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Krastev P., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Martines E., Martini G., Martini S., Milazzo R., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzolo A., Sartori E., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Vignando M., Zagorski R., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Urbani M., Zacks J., Bonicelli T., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Agarici G., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Kouzmenko G., Labate C., Masiello A., Mico G., Moreno J. -F., Pilard V., Rousseau A., Simon M., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Oshita E., Yamashita Y., Konno S., Singh M., Chakraborty A., Patel H., Singh N. P., Fantz U., Bonomo F., Cristofaro S., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Fubiani G., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., McCormack O., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., D'Arienzo M., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 16.5 MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1 MeV D- ions for ≤1 h, 46A/870 keV H- ions for ≤1000 s) have never been simultaneously attained. So in the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF, Consorzio RFX, Italy) the operation of the full-scale ITER NBI prototype (MITICA) will be tested and optimised up to full performances, focussing on accelerator (including voltage holding), beam optics, neutralisation, residual ion removal. The NBTF includes also the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI source with 100 keV particle energy (SPIDER), for early investigation of: negative ion production and extraction, source uniformity, negative ion current density and beam optics. This paper will describe the main results of the first two years of SPIDER operation, devoted to characterizing plasma and beam parameters, including investigation of RF-plasma coupling efficiency and magnetic filter field effectiveness in reducing co-extracted electrons. SPIDER is progressing towards the first caesium injection, which aims at increasing the negative ion density. A major shutdown, planned for 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out programmed modifications, will be outlined. The installation of each MITICA power supply and auxiliary system is completed; in-vessel mechanical components are under procurement by Fusion for Energy (F4E). Integration, commissioning and test of the power supplies, procured by F4E and QST, as the Japanese Domestic Agency (JADA), will be presented. In particular, 1.0MV insulating tests were carried out step-by-step and successfully completed. In 2020 integrated tests of the power supplies on the accelerator dummy load started, including the assessment of their resilience to accelerator grid breakdowns usin

Published
2021

19. Recent improvements to the ITER neutral beam system design

Author

Grisham, L.R., Agostinetti, P., Barrera, G., Blatchford, P., Boilson, D., Chareyre, J., Chitarin, G., de Esch, H.P.L., De Lorenzi, A., Franzen, P., Fantz, U., Gagliardi, M., Hemsworth, R.S., Kashiwagi, M., King, D., Krylov, A., Kuriyama, M., Marconato, N., Marcuzzi, D., Roccella, M., Rios, L., Panasenkov, A., Pilan, N., Pavei, M., Rizzolo, A., Sartori, E., Serianni, G., Sonato, P., Pilard, V., Tanaka, M., Tobari, H., Veltri, P., and Zaccaria, P.

Published
2012
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20. Commissioning of the first KSTAR neutral beam injection system and beam experiments

Author

Bae, Y.S., Park, Y.M., Kim, J.S., Han, W.S., Kwak, S.W., Chang, Y.B., Park, H.T., Song, N.H., Yang, H.L., Yoon, S.W., Jeon, Y.M., Hahn, S.H., Lee, S.G., Ko, W.H., England, A.C., Kim, W.C., Oh, Y.K., Kwak, J.G., Kwon, M., Chang, D.H., Jeong, S.H., Kim, T.S., Oh, B.H., Jin, J.T., In, S.R., Lee, K.W., Chang, D.S., Watanabe, K., Dairaku, M., Tobari, H., Kashiwagi, M., Hanada, M., Inoue, T., Ikeda, Y., Kawai, M., Komata, M., Mogaki, K., Usui, K., Yamamoto, T., Matsuoka, M., Nagaoka, K., and Grisham, L.

Published
2012
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26. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., Panin F., Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019

28. Patho-morphological study of the supplemental groove

Author

Awazawa, Y, Hayashi, K, Kiba, H, Awazawa, I, and Tobari, H

Subjects
microscopie électronique à transmission, light and electron microscopy, contenu du sillon, stomatognathic diseases, caries initiales, sillon surnuméraire, microscopie classique, stomatognathic system, groove contents, primary caries, supplemental groove
Abstract

The following results have been obtained in consequence of patho-morphological examination regarding the supplemental groove.1. Light microscopic observation of cross-sectioned supplemental grooves revealed that most of them were shallow in the form of plate or bowl. Some of the supplemental grooves had contents not described in the past and the structure of the contents was not clear under a light microscope. The contents were found in 22% of the supplemental grooves examined.2. The contents in supplemental grooves which were confirmed under a light microscope were found to consist of enamel itself when examined by means of an electron microscope. Microhardness measurements of this enamel showed less than one third the values of normal enamel. By means of microradiography, it was established that radiolucency of this enamel was, for the most part, much higher than normal enamel.3. It was ascertained that enamel with low hardness and high radiolucency constitutes the contents of supplemental grooves. Judging from its tissue properties, the contents were believed to be susceptible to attack by caries. This view was supported by the results of an investigation of caries sites in supplemental grooves., L’examen morpho-pathologique de sillons surnuméraires a donné les résultats suivants:1. En coupes transversales observées en microscopie classique, les sillons surnuméraires apparaissent peu profonds, en forme d’assiette ou de coupe. Dans certains, on trouve un contenu, non encore décrit dans la littérature et dont la structure n’apparaît pas nettement en microscopie classique. On trouve ce contenu dans 22% des sillons surnuméraires étudiés.2. Etudié en microscopie électronique à transmission, le contenu des sillons surnuméraires apparaît fait d’émail. Les mesures de dureté indiquent pour cet émail des valeurs inférieures d’un tiers à celles de l’émail normal. La microradiographie montre que cet émail est, en général, beaucoup moins radiodense que l’émail normal.3. Etant donné que le contenu des sillons surnuméraires s’est révélé être un émail de faible dureté et de faible radiodensité, on peut considérer que, par ses propriétés tissulaires, cet émail est sensible à l’attaque carieuse. Cette hypothèse est corroborée par les résultats de l’étude des sites carieux dans les sillons surnuméraires.

Published
2020

30. The PRIMA Test Facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, CROCI, GABRIELE, GORINI, GIUSEPPE, REBAI, MARICA, MURARO, ANDREA, TARDOCCHI, MARCO, Tonti, A., Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, CROCI, GABRIELE, GORINI, GIUSEPPE, REBAI, MARICA, MURARO, ANDREA, TARDOCCHI, MARCO, and Tonti, A.

Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now - when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage

Published
2017

31. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Finotti, C, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maeshima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, CROCI, GABRIELE, GORINI, GIUSEPPE, REBAI, MARICA, MURARO, ANDREA, Sandri, S., Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Finotti, C, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maeshima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, CROCI, GABRIELE, GORINI, GIUSEPPE, REBAI, MARICA, MURARO, ANDREA, and Sandri, S.

Abstract

Substantial progresses have been achieved in the realization of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) hosted in Padova, Italy; the buildings, completed by the end of 2015, are being progressively filled with new systems and components. The realization of SPIDER, the ITER full-size negative ion source, is well advanced and important progress is also recorded for MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER HNB injector. The paper gives an overview of the achieved results, highlighting the main challenges faced.

Published
2017

32. The PRIMA Test Facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

Toigo, V, primary, Piovan, R, additional, Bello, S Dal, additional, Gaio, E, additional, Luchetta, A, additional, Pasqualotto, R, additional, Zaccaria, P, additional, Bigi, M, additional, Chitarin, G, additional, Marcuzzi, D, additional, Pomaro, N, additional, Serianni, G, additional, Agostinetti, P, additional, Agostini, M, additional, Antoni, V, additional, Aprile, D, additional, Baltador, C, additional, Barbisan, M, additional, Battistella, M, additional, Boldrin, M, additional, Brombin, M, additional, Palma, M Dalla, additional, De Lorenzi, A, additional, Delogu, R, additional, De Muri, M, additional, Fellin, F, additional, Ferro, A, additional, Fiorentin, A, additional, Gambetta, G, additional, Gnesotto, F, additional, Grando, L, additional, Jain, P, additional, Maistrello, A, additional, Manduchi, G, additional, Marconato, N, additional, Moresco, M, additional, Ocello, E, additional, Pavei, M, additional, Peruzzo, S, additional, Pilan, N, additional, Pimazzoni, A, additional, Recchia, M, additional, Rizzolo, A, additional, Rostagni, G, additional, Sartori, E, additional, Siragusa, M, additional, Sonato, P, additional, Sottocornola, A, additional, Spada, E, additional, Spagnolo, S, additional, Spolaore, M, additional, Taliercio, C, additional, Valente, M, additional, Veltri, P, additional, Zamengo, A, additional, Zaniol, B, additional, Zanotto, L, additional, Zaupa, M, additional, Boilson, D, additional, Graceffa, J, additional, Svensson, L, additional, Schunke, B, additional, Decamps, H, additional, Urbani, M, additional, Kushwah, M, additional, Chareyre, J, additional, Singh, M, additional, Bonicelli, T, additional, Agarici, G, additional, Garbuglia, A, additional, Masiello, A, additional, Paolucci, F, additional, Simon, M, additional, Bailly-Maitre, L, additional, Bragulat, E, additional, Gomez, G, additional, Gutierrez, D, additional, Mico, G, additional, Moreno, J-F, additional, Pilard, V, additional, Kashiwagi, M, additional, Hanada, M, additional, Tobari, H, additional, Watanabe, K, additional, Maejima, T, additional, Kojima, A, additional, Umeda, N, additional, Yamanaka, H, additional, Chakraborty, A, additional, Baruah, U, additional, Rotti, C, additional, Patel, H, additional, Nagaraju, M V, additional, Singh, N P, additional, Patel, A, additional, Dhola, H, additional, Raval, B, additional, Fantz, U, additional, Heinemann, B, additional, Kraus, W, additional, Hanke, S, additional, Hauer, V, additional, Ochoa, S, additional, Blatchford, P, additional, Chuilon, B, additional, Xue, Y, additional, De Esch, H P L, additional, Hemsworth, R, additional, Croci, G, additional, Gorini, G, additional, Rebai, M, additional, Muraro, A, additional, Tardocchi, M, additional, Cavenago, M, additional, D’Arienzo, M, additional, Sandri, S, additional, and Tonti, A, additional

Published
2017
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34. Progress in the realization of the PRIMA neutral beam test facility

Author

Toigo, V, Boilson, D, Bonicelli, T, Piovan, R, Hanada, M, Chakraborty, A, Agarici, G, Antoni, V, Baruah, U, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Decamps, H, Graceffa, J, Kashiwagi, M, Hemsworth, R, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, H, Pomaro, N, Rotti, C, Serianni, G, Simon, M, Singh, M, Singh, N, Svensson, L, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Zaccaria, P, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Aprile, D, Bandyopadhyay, M, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Bettini, P, Blatchford, P, Boldrin, M, Bonomo, F, Bragulat, E, Brombin, M, Cavenago, M, Chuilon, B, Coniglio, A, Croci, G, Dalla Palma, M, D'Arienzo, M, Dave, R, De Esch, H, De Lorenzi, A, De Muri, M, Delogu, R, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Fellin, F, Fellin, L, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Fonnesu, N, Franzen, P, Fröschle, M, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gomez, G, Gnesotto, F, Gorini, G, Grando, L, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, D, Hanke, S, Hardie, C, Heinemann, B, Kojima, A, Kraus, W, Maeshima, T, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Muvvala, V, Nocentini, R, Ocello, E, Ochoa, S, Parmar, D, Patel, A, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pilard, V, Recchia, M, Riedl, R, Rizzolo, A, Roopesh, G, Rostagni, G, Sandri, S, Sartori, E, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Thakkar, A, Umeda, N, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Yadav, A, Yamanaka, H, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, CROCI, GABRIELE, GORINI, GIUSEPPE, Zaupa, M., Toigo, V, Boilson, D, Bonicelli, T, Piovan, R, Hanada, M, Chakraborty, A, Agarici, G, Antoni, V, Baruah, U, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Decamps, H, Graceffa, J, Kashiwagi, M, Hemsworth, R, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, H, Pomaro, N, Rotti, C, Serianni, G, Simon, M, Singh, M, Singh, N, Svensson, L, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Zaccaria, P, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Aprile, D, Bandyopadhyay, M, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Bettini, P, Blatchford, P, Boldrin, M, Bonomo, F, Bragulat, E, Brombin, M, Cavenago, M, Chuilon, B, Coniglio, A, Croci, G, Dalla Palma, M, D'Arienzo, M, Dave, R, De Esch, H, De Lorenzi, A, De Muri, M, Delogu, R, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Fellin, F, Fellin, L, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Fonnesu, N, Franzen, P, Fröschle, M, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gomez, G, Gnesotto, F, Gorini, G, Grando, L, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, D, Hanke, S, Hardie, C, Heinemann, B, Kojima, A, Kraus, W, Maeshima, T, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Muvvala, V, Nocentini, R, Ocello, E, Ochoa, S, Parmar, D, Patel, A, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pilard, V, Recchia, M, Riedl, R, Rizzolo, A, Roopesh, G, Rostagni, G, Sandri, S, Sartori, E, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Thakkar, A, Umeda, N, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Yadav, A, Yamanaka, H, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, CROCI, GABRIELE, GORINI, GIUSEPPE, and Zaupa, M.

Abstract

The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1 MV a 40 A beam of negative deuterium ions, to deliver to the plasma a power of about 17 MW for one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized as necessary to setup a test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including a full-size negative ion source, SPIDER, and a prototype of the whole ITER injector, MITICA, aiming to develop the heating injectors to be installed in ITER. This realization is made with the main contribution of the European Union, through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), the ITER Organization and Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility. The Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) participate in the PRIMA enterprise; European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache and others are also cooperating. Presently, the assembly of SPIDER is on-going and the MITICA design is being completed. The paper gives a general overview of the test facility and of the status of development of the MITICA and SPIDER main components at this important stage of the overall development; then it focuses on the latest and most critical issues, regarding both physics and technology, describing the identified solutions.

Published
2015

35. Efficient sustainment of a DC atmospheric pressure glow discharge by use an auxiliary gas flow in pin-plate electrodes

Author

Hattori, K., Ishii, Y., Yamada, H., Tobari, H., Ando, A., Inutake, M., and Inutake, Masaaki

Subjects
atmospheric pressure glow discharge, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], pin-plate electrode, gas flow, auxiliary nozzle
Abstract

We investigated experimentally characteristics of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge(APGD) produced by cathode-pin and anode-plate electrodes with a flowing gas between the electrodes. An APGD is sustained by DC voltage applied between these electrodes with main and auxiliary gas flow. The nozzle position of the auxiliary gas flow is varied between the two electrodes. It is found at first time that the glow discharge current increased significantly when the auxiliary nozzle is set near the anode plate. This finding is very important to clarify the mechanism of a flow-stabilized APGD.

Published
2004

37. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Piergiorgio Sonato, Hitesh Patel, A. Sottocornola, Veena Gupta, B. Raval, G. Rostagni, M. Spolaore, M. Fadone, A. Patel, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Gambetta, M. Recchia, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Brombin, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Zaupa, J.F. Moreno, Giuseppe Marchiori, W. Kraus, P. Tinti, G. Serianni, G. Kouzmenko, Gabriele Manduchi, V. Antoni, A. Zamengo, F. Paolucci, Giuseppe Chitarin, M. Battistella, Tullio Bonicelli, C. Labate, V. Pilard, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, E. Ocello, Roberto Cavazzana, D. Boilson, Vanni Toigo, Barbara Zaniol, Marco Cavenago, F. Geli, A. De Lorenzi, M. Dremel, M. De Muri, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Schunke, M. Urbani, P. Jain, Namita Singh, T. Patton, A. Tonti, R. Delogu, N. Pomaro, A. Rousseau, F. Gasparini, T. Maejima, Naotaka Umeda, Ursel Fantz, H. Dhola, Marco Barbisan, C. Rotti, Lennart Svensson, M. Valente, Simone Peruzzo, G. Gomez, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Bernd Heinemann, Hiroyuki Tobari, Pierluigi Veltri, S. Manfrin, M. Siragusa, Muriel Simon, Luca Grando, Ujjwal Baruah, Silvia Spagnolo, F. Panin, A. Muraro, A.K. Chakraborty, A. Fiorentin, Adriano Luchetta, P. Zaccaria, G. Mico, A. Maistrello, C. Poggi, A. Masiello, M. Bigi, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, S. Ochoa, P. Blatchford, Gabriele Croci, Y. Xue, A. Pimazzoni, Piero Agostinetti, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Marica Rebai, B. Chuilon, M. Dan, M. Moresco, L. Zanotto, A. Garbuglia, S. Denizeau, J. Chareyre, S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, M. Ugoletti, Emanuele Sartori, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Dalla Palma, J. Graceffa, M. Boldrin, S. Sasaki, Alberto Ferro, F. Fellin, S. Dal Bello, M. Tardocchi, E. Bragulat, Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo, V., Dal Bello, S., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., Denizeau, S., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Fiorentin, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Chareyre, J., Decamps, H., Dremel, M., Graceffa, J., Geli, F., Schunke, B., Svensson, L., Urbani, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Garbuglia, A., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L., Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Labate, C., Mico, G., Moreno, J. F., Pilard, V., Kouzmenko, G., Rousseau, A., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maejima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Sasaki, S., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Patel, H., Singh, N. P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Gupta, V., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Cavenago, M., Hanke, S., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., D'Arienzo, M., Sandri, S., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Test facility, ITER, neutral beam injector, PRIMA: the ITER neutral beam test facility (NBTF), SPIDER, Nuclear engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Neutral beam injector, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019
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38. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

D. Marcuzzi, V. Toigo, M. Boldrin, G. Chitarin, S. Dal Bello, L. Grando, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, G. Serianni, L. Zanotto, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, D. Aprile, M. Barbisan, M. Battistella, G. Berton, M. Bigi, M. Brombin, V. Candela, V. Candeloro, A. Canton, R. Casagrande, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, L. Cordaro, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, M. Dan, A. De Lorenzi, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, M. Fadone, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, F. Gnesotto, P. Jain, A. La Rosa, D. Lopez-Bruna, R. Lorenzini, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, N. Marconato, I. Mario, G. Martini, R. Milazzo, T. Patton, S. Peruzzo, N. Pilan, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, N. Pomaro, B. Pouradier-Duteil, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, D. Rizzetto, A. Rizzolo, F. Santoro, E. Sartori, B. Segalini, A. Shepherd, M. Siragusa, P. Sonato, A. Sottocornola, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Tinti, P. Tomsič, L. Trevisan, M. Ugoletti, M. Valente, M. Valisa, F. Veronese, M. Vignando, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, B. Zaniol, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, M. Cavenago, D. Boilson, C. Rotti, H. Decamps, F. Geli, A. Sharma, P. Veltri, J. Zacks, M. Simon, F. Paolucci, A. Garbuglia, D. Gutierrez, A. Masiello, G. Mico, C. Labate, P. Readman, E. Bragulat, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, G. Kouzmenko, F. Albajar, M. Kashiwagi, H. Tobari, A. Kojima, M. Murayama, S. Hatakeyama, E. Oshita, T. Maejima, N. Shibata, Y. Yamashita, K. Watanabe, N.P. Singh, M.J. Singh, H. Dhola, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, C. Wimmer, D. Wünderlich, K. Tsumori, G. Croci, G. Gorini, A. Muraro, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, D. Rigamonti, F. Taccogna, D. Bruno, M. Rutigliano, S. Longo, S. Deambrosis, E. Miorin, F. Montagner, A. Tonti, F. Panin, Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, and Panin, F

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), iter, Mechanical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, nbtf, neutral beam injector, mitica, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics - Accelerator Physics, General Materials Science, spider, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities.In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and char-acterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accel-erator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full perfor-mances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters).Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accel-erator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning.Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confirm 1 MV output by combining invertor systems, DC gener-ators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, said events have been addressed and solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed.Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion. The lessons learned during the implementation on NBTF and future perspectives are here discussed.

Published
2023

39. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress

Author

M. Tardocchi, G. Mico, Hitesh Patel, V. Antoni, A. Garbuglia, A. Masiello, Emanuele Sartori, L. Giacomelli, M. Brombin, F. Geli, A. De Lorenzi, Pierluigi Veltri, Piero Agostinetti, Gabriele Manduchi, S. Cristofaro, T. Maejima, D. Bruno, F. Paolucci, Marica Rebai, L. Cordaro, M. Zaupa, B. Pouradier-Duteil, S. Denizeau, M. Vignando, R. Lorenzini, Y. Yamashita, M. Dan, R. Casagrande, D. Lopez-Bruna, Federica Bonomo, R. Zagorski, M. Siragusa, M. Zuin, A. Rigoni-Garola, V. Candeloro, Daniel Gutierrez, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Loris Zanotto, F. Fellin, C. Rotti, M. Fadone, R. Delogu, M. Valente, M. Bigi, A. Canton, Gabriele Croci, R. Agnello, A. Pimazzoni, Bernd Heinemann, Emilio Martines, O. McCormack, M. Dalla Palma, Kazuhiro Watanabe, J. Graceffa, Nicola Pilan, Simone Peruzzo, Vanni Toigo, E. Oshita, A. Rizzolo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, M. Dremel, M. De Muri, B. Zaniol, R. Milazzo, C. Cavallini, Silvia Spagnolo, Gianluigi Serianni, N. Cruz, A. Sottocornola, Claudia Gasparrini, Hiroyuki Tobari, L. Trevisan, Namita Singh, P. Tomsic, T. Patton, F. Gasparini, F. Taccogna, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, E. Spada, A. Muraro, Ursel Fantz, M. Pavei, A.K. Chakraborty, Francesco Gnesotto, A. Ferro, S. Konno, Tullio Bonicelli, Roberto Cavazzana, Giuseppe Chitarin, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, A. Zamengo, C. Poggi, Marco D’Arienzo, N. Pomaro, F. Panin, A. Rousseau, Monica Spolaore, G. Berton, J.F. Moreno, W. Kraus, S. Dal Bello, M. Battistella, P. Tinti, G. Kouzmenko, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, Marco Cavenago, C. Wimmer, M. J. Singh, M. Rutigliano, P. Jain, Pierluigi Zaccaria, M. Ugoletti, Marco Boldrin, D. Rigamonti, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, S. Manfrin, D. Wünderlich, Gwenael Fubiani, Muriel Simon, G. Martini, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, D. Terranova, Marco Barbisan, S. Martini, M. Urbani, Luca Grando, Roberto Pasqualotto, J. Zacks, A. Tonti, M. Recchia, C. Labate, Matteo Agostini, P.B. Krastev, V. Pilard, G. Gomez, A. Shepherd, Toigo, V, Marcuzzi, D, Serianni, G, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparini, F, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Krastev, P, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Martini, G, Martini, S, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Vignando, M, Zagorski, R, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Urbani, M, Zacks, J, Bonicelli, T, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Agarici, G, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Kouzmenko, G, Labate, C, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Rousseau, A, Simon, M, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Oshita, E, Yamashita, Y, Konno, S, Singh, M, Chakraborty, A, Patel, H, Singh, N, Fantz, U, Bonomo, F, Cristofaro, S, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Fubiani, G, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, D'Arienzo, M, Tonti, A, and Panin, F

Subjects
Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, design, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, negative ion source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam injectors, Negative ion beam, Negative ion source, law, iter neutral beam injectors, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Dummy load, Magnetic filter, negative ion beam, Mechanical Engineering, Injector, Beam optics, Power (physics), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Environmental science, Beam (structure), Voltage
Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 16.5 MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1 MeV D- ions for ≤1 h, 46A/870 keV H- ions for ≤1000 s) have never been simultaneously attained. So in the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF, Consorzio RFX, Italy) the operation of the full-scale ITER NBI prototype (MITICA) will be tested and optimised up to full performances, focussing on accelerator (including voltage holding), beam optics, neutralisation, residual ion removal. The NBTF includes also the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI source with 100 keV particle energy (SPIDER), for early investigation of: negative ion production and extraction, source uniformity, negative ion current density and beam optics. This paper will describe the main results of the first two years of SPIDER operation, devoted to characterizing plasma and beam parameters, including investigation of RF-plasma coupling efficiency and magnetic filter field effectiveness in reducing co-extracted electrons. SPIDER is progressing towards the first caesium injection, which aims at increasing the negative ion density. A major shutdown, planned for 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out programmed modifications, will be outlined. The installation of each MITICA power supply and auxiliary system is completed; in-vessel mechanical components are under procurement by Fusion for Energy (F4E). Integration, commissioning and test of the power supplies, procured by F4E and QST, as the Japanese Domestic Agency (JADA), will be presented. In particular, 1.0MV insulating tests were carried out step-by-step and successfully completed. In 2020 integrated tests of the power supplies on the accelerator dummy load started, including the assessment of their resilience to accelerator grid breakdowns using a short-circuit device located in vacuum. The aggressive programme, to validate the NBI design at NBTF and to meet ITER schedule (requiring NBIs in operation in 2032), will be outlined. Unfortunately, in 2020 the coronavirus disease infection affected the NBTF activities. A solution to proceed with integrated power tests despite the coronavirus is presented.

Published
2021

40. The PRIMA test facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, Emanuele Sartori, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, A.K. Chakraborty, Vanni Toigo, T. Maejima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, G. Mico, C. Rotti, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, A. Masiello, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Antoni, B. Schunke, J. Chareyre, Gabriele Manduchi, G. Rostagni, P. Zaccaria, Gianluigi Serianni, Y. Xue, Alberto Ferro, M. Valente, M. De Muri, M. Bigi, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, M. Brombin, Hiroyuki Tobari, A. Pimazzoni, M. Kushwah, Simone Peruzzo, Andrea Rizzolo, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, M.V. Nagaraju, M. Recchia, M. Zaupa, H. Yamanaka, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, J.F. Moreno, L. Zanotto, M. Spolaore, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Siragusa, Bernd Heinemann, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, A. Garbuglia, A. Fiorentin, W. Kraus, M. Battistella, Muriel Simon, Francesco Gnesotto, E. Bragulat, Matteo Agostini, E. Ocello, Silvia Spagnolo, S. Dal Bello, Marco Cavenago, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Tullio Bonicelli, P. Blatchford, B. Chuilon, A. De Lorenzi, Piero Agostinetti, J. Graceffa, P. Jain, Marica Rebai, G. Gambetta, H.P.L. de Esch, A. Tonti, M. Moresco, Namita Singh, Lennart Svensson, Ursel Fantz, M. Urbani, M. Boldrin, C. Baltador, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Giuseppe Chitarin, R. Piovan, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Tardocchi, Roberto Pasqualotto, V. Pilard, Pierluigi Veltri, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, R. Delogu, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, F. Paolucci, Hitesh Patel, N. Pomaro, Naotaka Umeda, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Raval, Volker Hauer, A. Patel, Masaya Hanada, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, and Tonti, A

Subjects
Nuclear engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, PRIMA, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, MITICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Neutral beam injector, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, 010306 general physics, heating neutral beam injector, Physics, Spider, Test facility, ITER neutral beam test facility, Advanced stage, Injector, SPIDER, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now - when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage

Published
2017

41. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

A. Fiorentin, Silvia Spagnolo, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, B. Chuilon, Pierluigi Veltri, M. Recchia, J. Chareyre, Lennart Svensson, M. De Muri, F. Fellin, C. Rotti, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, J.F. Moreno, Gianluigi Serianni, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Muriel Simon, G. Gambetta, Alberto Ferro, Giuseppe Chitarin, W. Kraus, Gabriele Manduchi, F. Paolucci, M. Battistella, H. Decamps, L. Zanotto, Y. Xue, C. Taliercio, E. Ocello, V. Pilard, H.P.L. de Esch, J. Graceffa, Bernd Heinemann, Marco Cavenago, M.V. Nagaraju, P. Zaccaria, S. Hanke, M. Boldrin, M. Spolaore, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, P. Jain, M. Siragusa, Marco D’Arienzo, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Bigi, S. Ochoa, A.K. Chakraborty, M. Urbani, N. Pomaro, Gabriele Croci, A. Pimazzoni, Tullio Bonicelli, S. Dal Bello, C. Baltador, G. Gomez, Volker Hauer, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Valente, Hiroyuki Tobari, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Hitesh Patel, Vanni Toigo, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Mico, B. Raval, H. Yamanaka, A. Masiello, B. Schunke, Simone Peruzzo, A. De Lorenzi, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, E. Bragulat, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Kushwah, P. Blatchford, Piero Agostinetti, Marica Rebai, T. Maeshima, M. Dalla Palma, M. Moresco, Masaya Hanada, Kazuhiro Watanabe, L. Bailly-Maitre, Nicola Pilan, Emanuele Sartori, Naotaka Umeda, M. Brombin, M. Zaupa, Piergiorgio Sonato, C. Finotti, A. Patel, V. Antoni, D. Boilson, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, Roberto Pasqualotto, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, R. Delogu, G. Rostagni, Ujjwal Baruah, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Finotti, C, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maeshima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, and Sandri, S

Subjects
Computer science, Nuclear engineering, NBI, PRIMA, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), neutral beam injector, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, MITICA, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, NBTF, General Materials Science, Spider, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Test facility, Mitica, Mechanical Engineering, neutral beam test facility, Injector, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Materials Science (all), Realization (systems), Beam (structure)
Abstract

The realization of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) and the start the experimental phase are important tasks of the fusion roadmap, since the target requirements of injecting to the plasma a beam of Deuterium atoms with a power up to 16.5 MW, at 1MeV of energy and with a pulse length up to 3600s have never been reached together before. The ITER NBTF, called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy; it includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER injector and SPIDER, the full-size negative ion source. The realization promoted by the ITER organization is carried out with the contribution of the European Union, channeled through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), of the Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility, the Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) and several European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFECulham, CEA-Cadarache. The early start of operation of PRIMA experiments is urgent because sufficient experimental time is necessary to face and solve the issues related to the achievement of the desired performance in time for the ITER operation, requiring NBI since the beginning. Substantial progresses have been recently achieved: the buildings construction, begun in October 2012, has been completed by the end of 2015 and the installation of some components has been started since the end of 2014. The SPIDER realization is well advanced: the installation phase is proceeding in good agreement with the general plan; it is expected to be almost completed by the end of 2016. In parallel, the commissioning of the SPIDER power supply (PS) and auxiliary plant systems is being proceeding. Tests at full power and remote control are planned, including also those addressed to reproduce the grid breakdowns and to test the relevant protections. The design of the MITICA injector components was completed in 2015their procurement is being made through a number of tenders, some of them already launched. The HV Power Supply system of the MITICA 1MV accelerator, provided by JADA, was delivered on site in December 2015. The challenging installation of these components, including the step-up transformers and the SF6 gas insulated transmission line, started soon after and will go on throughout 2016. The present phase, with the PRIMA buildings continuously filled with new components, with the installation activities progressing and with also the commissioning and testing phase starting represents a substantial step forward toward the main target. The paper will describe the main challenges the Project Team has dealt during this phase and the important feedback derived for the ITER HNB systems both from the technical and the organizational standpoints.

Published
2017

42. Progress in the realization of the PRIMA neutral beam test facility

Author

D. Gutierrez, S. Dal Bello, A. De Lorenzi, M. Bandyopadhyay, J. Graceffa, Emanuele Sartori, V. Antoni, R. Andreani, V. N. Muvvala, P. Zaccaria, G. Gambetta, M. Boldrin, Riccardo Nocentini, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Bigi, A. Fiorentin, L. Fellin, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, Giuseppe Chitarin, A. Muraro, Mieko Kashiwagi, Piero Agostinetti, Lennart Svensson, Federica Bonomo, Nicolò Marconato, G. Mico, Giuseppe Gorini, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Moresco, M. De Muri, D. Boilson, Alberto Ferro, M. Spolaore, Ashish Yadav, Francesco Gnesotto, Barbara Zaniol, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Battistella, V. Pilard, Marco D’Arienzo, T. Maeshima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Silvia Spagnolo, Tullio Bonicelli, A.K. Chakraborty, Veena Gupta, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Nicola Pilan, E. Ocello, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, P. Sonato, M. Fröschle, N. Fonnesu, N. Pomaro, Vanni Toigo, R. Delogu, F. Paolucci, Adriano Luchetta, S. Hanke, Marco Cavenago, G. Agarici, A. Maistrello, M. Brombin, Marco Barbisan, A. Coniglio, M. Simon, M. Tardocchi, A. Patel, H.P.L. de Esch, G. Gomez, R. Dave, Andrea Rizzolo, Diego Marcuzzi, H. Yamanaka, E. Bragulat, Pierluigi Veltri, Namita Singh, Atsushi Kojima, A. Thakkar, M. Zaupa, Ursel Fantz, M. Valente, Luca Grando, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Hiroyuki Tobari, D. Parmar, Paolo Bettini, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Recchia, R. Riedl, Bernd Heinemann, P. Franzen, C. Rotti, G. Rostagni, G. Roopesh, J.F. Moreno, P. Blatchford, W. Kraus, R.S. Hemsworth, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Zanotto, Naotaka Umeda, Masaya Hanada, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Christopher D. Hardie, Gabriele Manduchi, Gianluigi Serianni, A. Masiello, B. Chuilon, Hitesh Patel, Toigo, V, Boilson, D, Bonicelli, T, Piovan, R, Hanada, M, Chakraborty, A, Agarici, G, Antoni, V, Baruah, U, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Decamps, H, Graceffa, J, Kashiwagi, M, Hemsworth, R, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, H, Pomaro, N, Rotti, C, Serianni, G, Simon, M, Singh, M, Singh, N, Svensson, L, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Zaccaria, P, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Aprile, D, Bandyopadhyay, M, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Bettini, P, Blatchford, P, Boldrin, M, Bonomo, F, Bragulat, E, Brombin, M, Cavenago, M, Chuilon, B, Coniglio, A, Croci, G, Dalla Palma, M, D'Arienzo, M, Dave, R, De Esch, H, De Lorenzi, A, De Muri, M, Delogu, R, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Fellin, F, Fellin, L, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Fonnesu, N, Franzen, P, Fröschle, M, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gomez, G, Gnesotto, F, Gorini, G, Grando, L, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, D, Hanke, S, Hardie, C, Heinemann, B, Kojima, A, Kraus, W, Maeshima, T, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Muvvala, V, Nocentini, R, Ocello, E, Ochoa, S, Parmar, D, Patel, A, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pilard, V, Recchia, M, Riedl, R, Rizzolo, A, Roopesh, G, Rostagni, G, Sandri, S, Sartori, E, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Thakkar, A, Umeda, N, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Yadav, A, Yamanaka, H, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, and Zaupa, M

Subjects
ITER, negative neutral beam, PRIMA test facility, RF ion source, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Condensed Matter Physics, Deuterium ions, RF ion source, ITER, negative neutral beam, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Realization (systems), Beam (structure), PRIMA test facility, media_common
Abstract

The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1 MV a 40 A beam of negative deuterium ions, to deliver to the plasma a power of about 17 MW for one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized as necessary to setup a test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including a full-size negative ion source, SPIDER, and a prototype of the whole ITER injector, MITICA, aiming to develop the heating injectors to be installed in ITER. This realization is made with the main contribution of the European Union, through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), the ITER Organization and Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility. The Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) participate in the PRIMA enterprise; European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache and others are also cooperating. Presently, the assembly of SPIDER is on-going and the MITICA design is being completed. The paper gives a general overview of the test facility and of the status of development of the MITICA and SPIDER main components at this important stage of the overall development; then it focuses on the latest and most critical issues, regarding both physics and technology, describing the identified solutions.

Published
2015

43. Tobacco cessation training in 6-year pharmacy schools in Japan: a cross-sectional survey.

Author

Tobari H, Takahashi Y, Yamagishi K, and Sugiura M

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Curriculum, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Pharmaceutical Services, Education, Pharmacy organization & administration, Schools, Pharmacy statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Cessation, Tobacco Use Disorder prevention & control
Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the extent of tobacco cessation training content, including the introduction of a comprehensive programme; and the presence of tobacco-related topics, including new tobacco products, school years and course of training, educators, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education in pharmacy schools in Japan., Design: A cross-sectional survey., Setting: All pharmacy schools in Japan with a 6-year course of training were invited to participate., Methods: Pharmacy schools in Japan that agreed to participate in a web-based survey asking about tobacco cessation training, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the number of pharmacy schools that introduced comprehensive tobacco cessation training in their curriculum. The secondary outcome was to clarify the curriculum coverage of 9 basic knowledge and 10 tobacco cessation-specific topics, including new tobacco products., Results: Of the 75 pharmacy schools with a 6-year course in Japan, 52 (74%) responded to the survey. While 27 (52%) schools reported that comprehensive tobacco cessation training would be beneficial, only 1 school had introduced it as a one-credit elective course in the fifth year. Basic knowledge topics for tobacco cessation listed in or related to the Model Core Curriculum were covered by 44%-65% of the schools, while practical skills were covered in 10%-19% of the schools. Only seven schools (14%) introduced the topic of new tobacco products in their curriculum., Conclusions: This study revealed that comprehensive tobacco cessation training is not generally offered in pharmacy schools in Japan. The Model Core Curriculum should revise its standards to implement updated tobacco cessation training programmes to keep up with new tobacco products and to train pharmacy students on counselling users of such products., Trial Registration Number: Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences No. 17 - 14., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2019
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44. Variability in monocular and binocular fixation during standard automated perimetry.

Author

Hirasawa K, Kobayashi K, Shibamoto A, Tobari H, Fukuda Y, and Shoji N

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dominance, Ocular physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Visual Field Tests methods, Visual Fields, Fixation, Ocular physiology, Fovea Centralis physiology, Vision, Binocular physiology, Visual Acuity physiology
Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to use standard automated perimetry to compare fixation variability among the dominant eye fixation, non-dominant eye fixation, and binocular fixation conditions. Thirty-five eyes of 35 healthy young participants underwent standard automated perimetry (Humphrey 24-2 SITA-Standard) in dominant eye fixation, non-dominant eye fixation, and binocular fixation conditions. Fixation variability during foveal threshold and visual field measurement, which was recorded using a wearable eye-tracking glass and calculated using the bivariate contour ellipse area (deg2), was compared among the three fixation conditions. Further, the association of bivariate contour ellipse area with ocular position and fusional amplitude during binocular fixation was analysed. There were no significant differences in bivariate contour ellipse area during foveal threshold measurement among the dominant eye fixation (1.75 deg2), non-dominant eye fixation (1.45 deg2), and binocular fixation (1.62 deg2) conditions. In contrast, the bivariate contour ellipse area during visual field measurement in binocular fixation (2.85 deg2) was significantly lower than the bivariate contour ellipse area in dominant eye fixation (4.62 deg2; p = 0.0227) and non-dominant eye fixation (5.24 deg2; p = 0.0006) conditions. There was no significant difference in bivariate contour ellipse area during visual field measurement between dominant eye fixation and non-dominant eye fixation conditions. There was no significant correlation between bivariate contour ellipse area and either ocular position or fusional amplitude during both foveal threshold and visual field measurements. Thus, fixation variability might be improved in binocular fixation conditions during a long-duration test, such as visual field measurement., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2018
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45. Body mass index and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase level as risk factors for injuries related to professional horse racing: a prospective study.

Author

Tobari H, Yamagishi K, Noda H, Tanigawa T, and Iso H

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Animals, Athletic Injuries blood, Athletic Injuries prevention & control, Humans, Middle Aged, Physical Examination, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Horses, gamma-Glutamyltransferase blood
Abstract

Objectives: Prevention of horse-related injuries is considered difficult because horse behavior is unpredictable. Therefore, risk factors for injuries related to professional horse racing need to be investigated. We conducted a study to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels are associated with professional horse racing-related injuries., Methods: A baseline healthy survey of 546 male grooms and exercise riders aged 40-70 yr working at Miho Training Center, the largest racing-horse training facility in Japan, was performed in May 2003. A total of 93 occupational injuries occurred from June 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine associations between the risk of injury and BMI and GGT., Results: Grooms and exercise riders with BMI <20 kg/m2 or with BMI > or =25 kg/m2 compared to BMI=20.0-22.9 kg/m(2) had 2.5 to 3.5-fold higher age-adjusted risks of injuries. The multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) after adjustment for age, GGT, smoking habit, and history of injuries were 3.5 (1.5 to 8.4) and 2.4 (1.2 to 4.8) for grooms, 3.1 (1.2 to 8.2) and 1.9 (0.4 to 10.1) for exercise riders, respectively. The age-adjusted hazard ratio of injuries for persons with GGT > or =100 IU/l was 2.0 to 2.5-fold higher than for those with GGT <60 IU/l. The multivariate hazard ratios were 1.9 (1.0 to 3.6) for grooms and 2.5 (1.0 to 6.2) for exercise riders., Conclusions: Low and high BMI and high GGT were associated with professional horse racing-related injuries.

Published
2009
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46. Measurement of oxygen-derived free radical generation in the regionally-ischemic rat heart by the chemiluminescence method.

Author

Ohoi I, Tobari H, and Nakamura K

Subjects
Acridines pharmacology, Animals, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Luminescent Measurements, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Recombinant Proteins pharmacology, Superoxide Dismutase pharmacology, Myocardial Ischemia metabolism, Myocardium metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
Abstract

Generation of oxygen-derived free radicals (oxy-radicals) in the stored rat heart was measured by chemiluminescence. Hearts subjected (ischemia) or not subjected (non-ischemia) to a 4-min regional ischemia were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored until assayed. The frozen myocardium was ground and oxygenated by mixing it with phosphate-buffered saline (Po2: 194 mmHg) containing lucigenin. The chemiluminescence intensity of ischemic myocardium was larger than that of non-ischemic myocardium. Recombinant human superoxide dismutase significantly decreased these intensities. These results indicate that O2- is one of the major oxy-radical species in the rat heart and that the generation of oxyradicals is enhanced by regional ischemia for 4 min.

Published
1993
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47. A simple chemiluminescence method for measuring oxygen-derived free radicals generated in oxygenated rat myocardium.

Author

Ohoi I, Sone K, Tobari H, Kawano E, and Nakamura K

Subjects
Acridines metabolism, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Free Radicals, In Vitro Techniques, Luminescent Measurements, Male, Myocardium chemistry, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Temperature, Myocardium metabolism, Oxygen Consumption physiology
Abstract

We have developed a simple and reproducible method employing chemiluminescence to measure oxygen-derived free radicals generated in oxygenated myocardium. Isolated perfused rat hearts were frozen in liquid nitrogen during the control perfusion (non-ischemia), after 30 min of global ischemia (ischemia), or after 20 min of reperfusion following 30-min global ischemia (reperfusion). The frozen hearts were ground to a fine powder and then oxygenated by mixing with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4 and PO2 183-194 mmHg) containing lucigenin. The mixed solution was injected into a chemiluminescence detection flow cell. The chemiluminescence intensity increased in relation to the lucigenin and myocardium contents of the test solution. However, it was not affected by the temperature of PBS in the range of 25 degrees C to 50 degrees C. The chemiluminescence intensity of ischemic myocardium was 2.5 times larger than that of non-ischemic or reperfused myocardium (P < 0.01). Recombinant human superoxide dismutase (r-h-SOD) reduced dose-dependently the chemiluminescence intensity induced by oxygenation of ischemic myocardium, while chemically inactivated r-h-SOD did not.

Published
1993
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