1. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity and Efflux Pump Reversal of Thymol and Carvacrol against Staphylococcus aureus and Their Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster
- Author
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Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha, Débora Feitosa Muniz, Valdir de Queiroz Balbino, Joycy Francely Sampaio dos Santos, Zildene de Sousa Silveira, Dárcio Luiz de Sousa Júnior, José Pinto de Siqueira Júnior, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho, Thiago Sampaio de Freitas, Nair Silva Macêdo, Ligia Cláudia Castro de Oliveira, Natália Martins, Cristina Rodrigues dos Santos Barbosa, and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Subjects
Insecticides ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,terpenoids ,Drosophila melanogaster / drug effects ,Drug Discovery ,Insecticides / pharmacology ,Carvacrol ,Thymol ,0303 health sciences ,Molecular Structure ,Cymenes / pharmacology ,Broth microdilution ,bacterial resistance ,Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Thymol / chemistry ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Molecular Medicine ,Efflux ,Antibacterial activity ,medicine.drug ,Tetracycline ,efflux pumps ,carvacrol ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Cymenes / chemistry ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,thymol ,medicine ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,030304 developmental biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,030306 microbiology ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry ,Cymenes ,Thymol / pharmacology - Abstract
The antibacterial activity and efflux pump reversal of thymol and carvacrol were investigated against the Staphylococcus aureus IS-58 strain in this study, as well as their toxicity against Drosophila melanogaster. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth microdilution method, while efflux pump inhibition was assessed by reduction of the antibiotic and ethidium bromide (EtBr) MICs. D. melanogaster toxicity was tested using the fumigation method. Both thymol and carvacrol presented antibacterial activities with MICs of 72 and 256 µ, g/mL, respectively. The association between thymol and tetracycline demonstrated synergism, while the association between carvacrol and tetracycline presented antagonism. The compound and EtBr combinations did not differ from controls. Thymol and carvacrol toxicity against D. melanogaster were evidenced with EC50 values of 17.96 and 16.97 µ, g/mL, respectively, with 48 h of exposure. In conclusion, the compounds presented promising antibacterial activity against the tested strain, although no efficacy was observed in terms of efflux pump inhibition.
- Published
- 2020
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