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The development of mangrove forest environmental services plays a crucial role in human health, economic development, and the security of countries worldwide. This study aims to establish and validate a model for assessing the factors influencing the willingness-to-pay for mangrove forest environmental services. The proposed model comprises four key factors: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and environmental knowledge. Data were collected by surveying 235 individuals from various households in Phu Long commune, Vietnam. The Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology was employed for data analysis. The research findings reveal that perceived behavior control significantly impacted residents' willingness-to-pay, followed by attitude, environmental knowledge, and subjective norms. Furthermore, certain demographic characteristics such as gender and family size mediate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Based on the obtained results, several policy recommendations are put forward. Plain language summary: This study aims to establish and validate a model for assessing the factors influencing the willingness-to-pay for mangrove forest environmental services. Data were collected by surveying 235 individuals from various households in Phu Long commune, Vietnam. The Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology was employed for data analysis. The research findings reveal that perceived behavior control significantly impacted residents' willingness-to-pay, followed by attitude, environmental knowledge, and subjective norms. Furthermore, certain demographic characteristics such as gender and family size mediate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Based on the analysis results, this study proposes several policy recommendations to encourage the willingness of residents in Phu Long commune, Hai Phong, Vietnam, to pay for FESs. Strategies to improve the implementation of forest environmental service payments in Phu Long should emphasize enhancing the community's understanding of the importance of mangrove forests. Information dissemination should encompass knowledge about the benefits (both economic and environmental), the current status, threats, and consequences of mangrove degradation, as well as the global significance of mangrove forests, particularly concerning climate change. Additionally, to increase the effectiveness and garner community support for environmental service payment programs in Phu Long, implementation efforts should promote residents' sense of responsibility, pride, and love for the recognized biodiversity heritage values associated with mangrove forests [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opusculum de Sectis apud Sinenses et Tunkinenses (A Small Treatise on the Sects among the Chinese and Tonkinese): A Study of Religion in China and North Vietnam in the Eighteenth [...]

Forests play a major role in both climate change mitigation and adaptation, but few policies, if any, integrate these two aspects. Using Indonesia and Vietnam as case studies, we identify challenges at the national level but opportunities at the local level. Although both countries demonstrate political commitment to integrating adaptation and mitigation in their development plans, guidelines for policy and planning treat the two approaches separately. The main challenges identified are lack of knowledge, lack of political will, lack of financial incentives, and fragmentation of mandates and tasks of different government agencies. In contrast, at the local level, integration of mitigation and adaptation is facilitated by subnational autonomy, where mitigation projects might have adaptation co-benefits, and vice versa. Our results also show that many actors have a dual mandate that could bridge adaptation and mitigation if appropriate political and financial incentives are put in place. Successful integration of mitigation and adaptation policies would not only remove contradictions between policies, but also encourage governments that are designing domestic policies to exploit the potential for positive spillovers and realize the benefits of both approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]