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Software defect prediction can identify defective modules in advance by mining the defect datasets,helping testers to achieve more targeted testing.However,the ubiquity of label noise in the datasets affects the performance of the prediction mo-del.Few feature selection methods have been used to specifically design noise tolerance.In addition,the strategy selection in the mainstream noise tolerable feature selection framework can only be performed manually based on human experience,which is difficult to be applied in software engineering.In view of this,this paper proposes a novel method NTFES (noise tolerable feature selection).In particular,NTFES first generates multiple Bootstrap samples by Bootstrap sampling method.Then it divides the original features into different groups on Bootstrap samples by approximate Markov blanket and selects candidate features from each group based on two heuristic feature selection strategies. Sequently it uses genetic algorithm (GA) to search the optimal feature subset in the candidate feature space.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,this paper chooses NASA MDP dataset,and inject label noises simultaneously to imitate noisy datasets.Then it compares NTFES with other classical baseline methods,such as FULL,FCBF and CFS,by controlling the ratio of label noises.The experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of achieving higher classification performance and has better noise tolerable while the ratio of label noises is acceptable.

IntroductionBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and depression have been reported to be both prevalent among young people worldwide, resulting in serious implications in their quality of life and social functioning. This is worrying especially in men where mental disorders are often overlooked and under-researched. This study aims to determine the proportion of male university students with symptoms suggestive of body dysmorphic disorder and depression, as well as their perception on their body image.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 1,308 male students between the aged of 17–26 years in a private university in Malaysia via self-administered online questionnaire comprising the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BQQD) and the Body Self-Image Questionnaire (BSIQ), in addition to their sociodemographic parameters. Data analyses were performed with Mann Whitney test, chi square test and Fisher's exact test.Results3.3 and 54.2% of the students had symptoms suggestive of BDD and depression respectively, with up to 9.02% of the students reporting having moderate to severe depression. There was a significant association between BDD symptoms and students staying alone, whilst depression was significantly associated with studying in the rural campus. Furthermore, a significant association was demonstrated between presence of BDD and depression symptoms. Most of the students were dissatisfied with their whole body, especially their height.ConclusionThe proportion of BDD and depression symptoms among male students in our university is quite high. Universities and the public health sector should develop better support service targeting male university students.

A three-wave prospective study was conducted to provide a better understanding of the ability of the integrated model of self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict future physical activity (PA) engagement among adolescents. Nearly 2500 secondary school students from China were recruited to test the hypothesized pathway from autonomous motivation from SDT at baseline (T1) through the constructs of TPB one month later (T2) on leisure-time PA levels of secondary school students three months later (T3). The findings revealed that the structural equation models yielded excellent fit indices with χ2 = 1858.989, df = 257, CFI = 0.936, TLI = 0.926, RMSEA = 0.050 [90% CI = 0.048 to 0.052], and SRMR = 0.032. In particular, autonomous motivation at T1 was positively associated with attitude (R2 = 0.160), subjective norms (R2 = 0.160), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) (R2 = 0.173) at T2 (β = 0.395 to 0.414, p < 0.001) and subsequently associated with intention at T2 (R2 = 0.875, β = 0.112 to 0.478, p < 0.001). T2 intention was positively associated with leisure-time PA levels (R2 = 0.004) at T3. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the motivational mechanisms and social cognition processes involved in predicting adolescents' leisure-time PA levels among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As vehicles with high accident and casualty rates within the road transportation system, engineering vehicles have been receiving much attention and emphasis in terms of safety. Accurate analyses and evaluations of risk factors in vehicle operation are imperative for enhancing the management level of engineering vehicles. This study explores the differences between various types of drivers by analyzing the driving characteristics of professional drivers. The evaluation index system is developed and quantified by integrating factors related to engineering vehicle drivers, road environment, and industry management. Additionally, the risk assessment model is developed using the error backpropagation algorithm. The optimal model is determined by comparing the number of nodes in different hidden layers, the activation function, and regularization optimization. The prediction accuracy of this model's coefficient of determination is 0.912, indicating that the model has validity. This study is conducive to improving the safety level of engineering vehicle operation in order to reduce the rate of vehicle traffic accidents, the severity of accidents, and the consequences of losses. It also has practical application value in safeguarding social security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Sheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most destructive rice diseases. Developing ShB-resistant rice cultivars represents the most economical and environmentally sound strategy for managing ShB. Results To characterize the genetic basis for ShB resistance in rice, we conducted association studies for traits related to ShB resistance, namely culm length (CL), lesion height (LH), and relative lesion height (RLH). Combined a single locus genome-wide scan and a multi-locus method using 2,977,750 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to analyse 563 rice accessions, we detected 134, 562, and 75 suggestive associations with CL, LH, and RLH, respectively. The adjacent signals associated with RLH were merged into 27 suggestively associated loci (SALs) based on the estimated linkage disequilibrium blocks. More than 44% of detected RLH-SALs harboured multiple QTLs/genes associated with ShB resistance, while the other RLH-SALs were putative novel ShB resistance loci. A total of 261 ShB resistance putative functional genes were screened from 23 RLH-SALs according to bioinformatics and haplotype analyses. Some of the annotated genes were previously reported to encode defence-related and pathogenesis-related proteins, suggesting that quantitative resistance to ShB in rice is mediated by SA- and JA-dependent signalling pathways. Conclusions Our findings may improve the application of germplasm resources as well as knowledge-based ShB management and the breeding of ShB-resistant rice cultivars.

Typically, a clay shoveler’s fracture is a stress-type avulsion fracture involving the spinous processes of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae. Even though C7 and T1 are the most commonly involved spinal levels, these avulsion fractures can occur at any lower cervical or upper thoracic level, either as solitary or multiple fractures. This fracture used to be common in workers who shovel heavy loads of clay for long periods, hence its name. It does not cause any structural, functional, or neurological impairments and is therefore considered a stable fracture. Management is mostly conservative, involving rest, analgesics, and activity modification for a period of 4–6 weeks. Here, we present a 35-year-old male who sustained a motor vehicle accident. Except for midline tenderness in the back, there were no other positive findings. Plain radiographs showed a T11 vertebral compression fracture and absent or deviated spinous process shadows for most of the upper thoracic vertebrae. Computed tomography (CT) imaging clearly revealed multiple spinous process fractures extending from T2 to T8 levels. Considering the stability of these fractures, the patient was managed conservatively with rest, bracing, and analgesics. The recovery was quick, and he was back to his full functional status by six weeks.

As a natural material, stone can suffer from initial damage (such as bedding and microfracture) during the diagenetic stage and rock defects (such as joints and faults) are formed after diagenesis. Under the influence of these defects, the properties of rock strength, deformation, and failure will also change. Studying the mechanical characteristics of defective rock can truly reflect the actual situation in the field. For the original hole fissures, actual rock engineering often contains fillings that decrease the stress concentration of the surrounding area of the hole; according to the type of filling, the filling can withstand the corresponding pressure. Thus, it is necessary to study the influence of the filling on the mechanical properties of porous rock damage. To study the influence of the filling material on the mechanical properties and the deformation and failure characteristics of the hole-bearing rock (with each specimen containing one hole), hole-bearing marble (with each specimen containing one hole), and plaster filling, the appropriate specimens were prefabricated in an indoor environment. The law of crack propagation of the specimens was analyzed based on the results of the uniaxial compression and acoustic emission tests and the results of CT scanning of the specimens before and after failure. The results are given as follows:(1) In comparison with hole-bearing marble, the peak stress of the marble specimen with the filled hole increases by 10.62%. Before the peak stress of the specimens, the pre-peak features are similar, and both specimens exhibit a stress reduction phenomenon; however, the post-peak characteristics are different, and the characteristics of partial deformation are more obvious. (2) After the peak stress phase, the acoustic emission features of the perforating hole in each hole-bearing specimen are more remarkable, and the crack propagation is more rapid than those of the gypsum-filled specimens, indicating the gypsum filling stems the crack expansion of the specimens. (3) A difference is found between the destruction model of the marble specimen with a hole and that of the marble specimen with the hole filled with gypsum. Each crack is relatively single for the specimen of marble with a hole, and main cracks exhibit tensile damage; moreover, wing cracks are more developed in the end, and some of those cracks propagate toward both sides, resulting in a block falling off. However, cracks around the hole are thinner and more dispersed, forming "X" shear damage because of the mutual crossing of the cracks.

Preadipocytes become mature adipocytes after proliferation and differentiation, and although many genes and microRNAs have been identified in intramuscular fat, their physiological function and regulatory mechanisms remain largely unexplored. miR-26a-5p has been reported to be related to fat deposition, but its effect on porcine preadipocyte differentiation has not been explored. In this study, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR-26a-5p binds to the 3ʹUTR of Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3) mRNA. The model for porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation was established to explore the function of miR-6a-5p-ACSL3 on adipocyte differentiation. ACSL3 knockdown markedly reduced the triglycerides (TG) content of cells, as well as the mRNA levels of adipogenic marker genes (PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c). The number of lipid droplets in cells transfected with a miR-26a-5p mimic is significantly reduced, consistent with ACSL3 knockdown results, while the miR-26a-5p inhibitor resulted in opposite results. Taken together, miR-26a-5p is a repressor of porcine preadipocyte differentiation and plays a vital role in ACSL3-mediated adipogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can help distant agents to share unconditional secret keys, and the achievable secret key rate can be enhanced with the help of decoy-state protocol. To implement QKD experimentally, the agents are supposed to accurately transmit a number of different intensity pulses with the LiNbO3 based Mach-Zehnder (LNMZ) intensity modulator. However, the bias drift of LNMZ intensity modulator may affect the performance of a QKD system. In this letter, we reveal a simple RC circuit model to demonstrate the bias drift in the LNMZ intensity modulator. And based on the model, we propose a multi-step bias stable scheme to control the bias working point. Experimental result shows that our scheme can eliminate the bias drift of at arbitrary working point within a long time range. Besides, there is no need of any feedback mechanisms in the scheme. This means our scheme will not lead to any increasement in system complexity, making it more suitable for a QKD system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]