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15. An Overview of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium: Key Players of Nutrition Process in Plants

Author

Sinha, Dwaipayan and Tandon, Pramod Kumar

Subjects
Fertilizer, Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Agriculture, Article
Abstract

Elements play an important role in the physiology and overall growth of the plant. Depending upon the amount required by the plants for their growth, they can be broadly divided into macro- and microelement. Plants generally absorb these elements through the root system from the soil. Humans have been dependent on plants since the advent of civilization for food and medicine. With the increase in population there has been an increase in demand for the food and which resulted in the intensification of agriculture. Needless to mention, this often results in scarcity of available nutrients from the soil, thereby stressing the necessity adding excess nutrients from outside. Thus the relevance of fertilization comes into the picture and its importance has been gradually felt by the scientists since the last 200 years. Various types of fertilizers containing essential elements are now being added to agricultural lands for betterment of yield. This chapter is an attempt to highlight the various aspects of three essential macroelements required by the plants, namely nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The chapter deals with the requirement of these three elements from the agronomic point of view and the present status of the fertilization process involving the mentioned elements.

Published
2020

23. Phylogenetic reconstruction in the Order Nymphaeales: ITS2 secondary structure analysis and in silico testing of maturase k (matK) as a potential marker for DNA bar coding

Author

Biswal Devendra, Debnath Manish, Kumar Shakti, and Tandon Pramod

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background The Nymphaeales (waterlilly and relatives) lineage has diverged as the second branch of basal angiosperms and comprises of two families: Cabombaceae and Nymphaceae. The classification of Nymphaeales and phylogeny within the flowering plants are quite intriguing as several systems (Thorne system, Dahlgren system, Cronquist system, Takhtajan system and APG III system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system) have attempted to redefine the Nymphaeales taxonomy. There have been also fossil records consisting especially of seeds, pollen, stems, leaves and flowers as early as the lower Cretaceous. Here we present an in silico study of the order Nymphaeales taking maturaseK (matK) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) as biomarkers for phylogeny reconstruction (using character-based methods and Bayesian approach) and identification of motifs for DNA barcoding. Results The Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian approach yielded congruent fully resolved and well-supported trees using a concatenated (ITS2+ matK) supermatrix aligned dataset. The taxon sampling corroborates the monophyly of Cabombaceae. Nuphar emerges as a monophyletic clade in the family Nymphaeaceae while there are slight discrepancies in the monophyletic nature of the genera Nymphaea owing to Victoria-Euryale and Ondinea grouping in the same node of Nymphaeaceae. ITS2 secondary structures alignment corroborate the primary sequence analysis. Hydatellaceae emerged as a sister clade to Nymphaeaceae and had a basal lineage amongst the water lilly clades. Species from Cycas and Ginkgo were taken as outgroups and were rooted in the overall tree topology from various methods. Conclusions MatK genes are fast evolving highly variant regions of plant chloroplast DNA that can serve as potential biomarkers for DNA barcoding and also in generating primers for angiosperms with identification of unique motif regions. We have reported unique genus specific motif regions in the Order Nymphaeles from matK dataset which can be further validated for barcoding and designing of PCR primers. Our analysis using a novel approach of sequence-structure alignment and phylogenetic reconstruction using molecular morphometrics congrue with the current placement of Hydatellaceae within the early-divergent angiosperm order Nymphaeales. The results underscore the fact that more diverse genera, if not fully resolved to be monophyletic, should be represented by all major lineages.

Published
2012
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25. Chloroplast Genome Sequence Annotation of Dendrobium nobile (Asparagales: Orchidaceae), an Endangered Medicinal Orchid from Northeast India

Author

Biswal, Devendra, Konhar, Ruchishree, Debnath, Manish, Parameswaran, Sriram, Sundar, Durai, and Tandon, Pramod

Subjects
Tree of Life
Abstract

Orchidaceae constitutes one of the largest families of angiosperms. Owing to the significance of orchids in plant biology, market needs and current sustainable technology levels, basic research on the biology of orchids and their applications in the orchid industry is increasing. Although chloroplast (cp) genomes continue to be evolutionarily informative, there is very limited information available on orchid chloroplast genomes in public repositories. Here, we report the complete cp genome sequence of Dendrobium nobile from Northeast India (Orchidaceae, Asparagales), bearing the GenBank accession number KX377961, which will provide valuable information for future research on orchid genomics and evolution, as well as the medicinal value of orchids. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian methods recovered a monophyletic grouping of all Dendrobium species (D. nobile, D. huoshanense, D. officinale, D. pendulum, D. strongylanthum and D. chrysotoxum). The relationships recovered among the representative orchid species from the four subfamilies, i.e., Cypripedioideae, Epidendroideae, Orchidoideae and Vanilloideae, were consistent within the family Orchidaceae.

Published
2017

29. Nepenthes khasiana Hook f., an endangered tropical pitcher plant of India.

Author

Devi, Soibam Purnima, Kumaria, Suman, Sharma, Ph. Ranjit, Khoyumthem, Pramesh, and Tandon, Pramod

Subjects
NEPENTHES khasiana, ENDANGERED plants, PITCHER plants, TROPICAL plants, TRADITIONAL medicine
Abstract

Nepenthes khasiana Hook f., is the only representative member of the genus Nepenthes found in India. The species has great ethnomedicinal importance in addition to its ornamental value. It is used for treatment of several diseases by the local people of Meghalaya. The plant is also characterized by synthesis of bioactive compound called naphthoquinones which is a potent antifungal agent. However, it has become threatened in its natural habitat due to several anthropogenic activities. N. khasiana has been included in the Appendix-I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). The potential for long term survival of this species in the wild is uncertain, but will surely depend upon the continuing efforts of the local communities to preserve its habitats. The present review highlights the significance of the species and also elucidates the recent findings on the species on various aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

30. Heavy Metals Pb, Cu, Co, Ni and Cr Determination Estimation of Biochemical Functions in Mosses in Reference to Chlorophyll along with Elements Zn, Mn and Fe Content in some Residential Sites Using Moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw

Author

Misra, Manjul; Lucknow (U.P.), Tandon, Pramod Kumar; Department of Botany University of Lucknow, Lucknow (U.P.), Misra, Manjul; Lucknow (U.P.), and Tandon, Pramod Kumar; Department of Botany University of Lucknow, Lucknow (U.P.)

Abstract

Some residential area of Lucknow were surveyed and Moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw samples were collected from some selected residential colonies. Samples were collected from soils and moist brick walls and analysed for determination of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Co, Cr and Ni. Samples collected from Garden and Monument areas were treated as Control. Samples collected from Residential areas showed higher level of heavy metals in comparison to the samples collected from Garden and Monument sites. Higher content of lead, Copper and Cobalt was found in the residential areas as compared to the Garden and monument areas. However variable results were obtained with regard to chlorophyll content and Zn, Mn and Fe content in moss samples collected from different locations of Lucknow.

Published
2015

31. Heavy Metals Pb, Cu, Co, Ni and Cr Determination Estimation of Biochemical Functions in Mosses in Reference to Chlorophyll along with Elements Zn, Mn and Fe Content in some Residential Sites Using Moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw

Author

Misra, Manjul, Tandon, Pramod Kumar, Misra, Manjul, and Tandon, Pramod Kumar

Abstract

Some residential area of Lucknow were surveyed and Moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw samples were collected from some selected residential colonies. Samples were collected from soils and moist brick walls and analysed for determination of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Co, Cr and Ni. Samples collected from Garden and Monument areas were treated as Control. Samples collected from Residential areas showed higher level of heavy metals in comparison to the samples collected from Garden and Monument sites. Higher content of lead, Copper and Cobalt was found in the residential areas as compared to the Garden and monument areas. However variable results were obtained with regard to chlorophyll content and Zn, Mn and Fe content in moss samples collected from different locations of Lucknow.

Published
2015

32. Impact of Textile and Fertilizer Industry Effluents on Cytology of Root Meristem Cells of Hordeum vulgare L. Plant

Author

Tandon, Pramod Kumar; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P-226007, Tripathi, Induja; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P-226007, Mishra, Kumkum; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P-226007, Tandon, Pramod Kumar; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P-226007, Tripathi, Induja; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P-226007, and Mishra, Kumkum; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P-226007

Abstract

Cytotoxic effects of effluents of both sugar and textile industries were studied in the root meristem cells of Hordeum vulgare plants. A comparative investigation on the somatic cells have been made on the basis of cytological observations such as mitotic index and other chromosomal abnormalities. Result of the present study indicated that both the industrial effluents have inhibitory effect on mitotic index and induced several chromosomal abnormalities.

Published
2014

33. Determination of Catalase Activity and Estimation of Zn, Mn and Fe in Moss Samples Collected from Heavy Traffic Areas

Author

Tandon, Pramod Kumar; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., Misra, Manjul; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., Tandon, Pramod Kumar; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., and Misra, Manjul; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P.

Abstract

Moss Physcomitriumpyriforme and Octoblepharumalbidum samples were collected from some gardens and Monument areas and some Heavy Traffic areas. Samples were collected from soils and moist brick walls and analysed for determination of elements Zn, Mn and Fe. Samples collected from Garden and Monument areas treated as Control. Samples collected from Heavy Traffic areas showed higher level of elements in comparison to the samples collected from Garden and Monument sites. Higher content of Zinc, Manganese and Iron was found in the Heavy Traffic areas as compared to the Garden and monument areas. A parameter, catalase Activity has also been studied by using particular method to determine the effect of pollution on the metabolism of species.

Published
2014

34. Determination of Catalase Activity and Estimation of Zn, Mn and Fe in Moss Samples Collected from Heavy Traffic Areas

Author

Tandon, Pramod Kumar, Misra, Manjul, Tandon, Pramod Kumar, and Misra, Manjul

Abstract

Moss Physcomitriumpyriforme and Octoblepharumalbidum samples were collected from some gardens and Monument areas and some Heavy Traffic areas. Samples were collected from soils and moist brick walls and analysed for determination of elements Zn, Mn and Fe. Samples collected from Garden and Monument areas treated as Control. Samples collected from Heavy Traffic areas showed higher level of elements in comparison to the samples collected from Garden and Monument sites. Higher content of Zinc, Manganese and Iron was found in the Heavy Traffic areas as compared to the Garden and monument areas. A parameter, catalase Activity has also been studied by using particular method to determine the effect of pollution on the metabolism of species.

Published
2014

35. Impact of Textile and Fertilizer Industry Effluents on Cytology of Root Meristem Cells of Hordeum vulgare L. Plant

Author

Tandon, Pramod Kumar, Tripathi, Induja, Mishra, Kumkum, Tandon, Pramod Kumar, Tripathi, Induja, and Mishra, Kumkum

Abstract

Cytotoxic effects of effluents of both sugar and textile industries were studied in the root meristem cells of Hordeum vulgare plants. A comparative investigation on the somatic cells have been made on the basis of cytological observations such as mitotic index and other chromosomal abnormalities. Result of the present study indicated that both the industrial effluents have inhibitory effect on mitotic index and induced several chromosomal abnormalities.

Published
2014

47. In vitro regeneration of Drosera burmanniiVahl.: a carnivorous plant of north-east India

Author

Yanthan, J., Kehie, Mechuselie, Kumaria, Suman, and Tandon, Pramod

Abstract

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol has been developed from shoot tips of Drosera burmanniiVahl., a carnivorous plant of north-east India. Various plant growth regulators were used to study their efficacy in the induction of multiple shoots and roots. Of the various treatments, the maximum number of shoots (28.8 ± 1.5) and roots (9.7 ± 0.6) was observed in one-fourth strength standard medium (MS with 50 mg/l citric acid and 10 mg/l ascorbic acid) supplemented with 4 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) followed by 26.8 ± 1.4 shoots in one-fourth strength SM fortified with 4 mg/l kinetin (KN) and 4 mg/l NAA. The well-developed plantlets with shoots and roots were potted in small plastic glasses filled with a mixture of sand and farmyard manure (3:1); these plantlets when transferred to a glasshouse for hardening and acclimatization showed 90% survival.

Published
2017
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