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Penelitian ini menginvestigasi penerapan Metode SOSTAC dalam strategi pemasaran UMKM Kerudung Cicalengka. Metode SOSTAC adalah kerangka kerja yang terdiri dari enam tahapan, yaitu Situational Analysis, Objective, Strategy, Tactic, Action, dan Control. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana penerapan Metode SOSTAC dapat membantu UMKM Kerudung Cicalengka dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pemasaran mereka. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi dan observasi, dengan data yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Metode SOSTAC memberikan struktur yang sistematis dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan strategi pemasaran, memungkinkan UMKM untuk mengidentifikasi peluang, mengatur sumber daya dengan lebih efisien, dan memantau kinerja pemasaran mereka secara teratur. Saran untuk UMKM Kerudung Cicalengka termasuk mendalami analisis pasar, meningkatkan kreativitas dalam strategi pemasaran, memanfaatkan teknologi digital secara efisien, dan berkolaborasi dengan pihak lain. Dengan mengimplementasikan saran-saran ini, diharapkan UMKM Kerudung Cicalengka dapat memperkuat posisi mereka dalam pasar dan mencapai kesuksesan yang lebih besar dalam pemasaran produk.

Maneuver warfare theory has been used to explain success in numerous modern conflicts and is extensively incorporated into contemporary military doctrine. However, during 2022-2023, the war in Ukraine resembled World War I attritional warfare, leading theorists to question the relevance of maneuver warfare in today’s conflicts. This thesis examines the applicability of maneuver warfare theory in contemporary conflicts by analyzing success in land operations in eastern Ukraine, testing Stephen Biddle’s theory, The Modern System, in a comparative case study. The result indicates that asymmetry in force employment, referring to one side using military means more efficiently than the opponent, leads to success, and conversely that symmetry creates an attritional character of battle. The thesis contributes with insight into the dynamics between maneuver and attrition in high-intensity interstate wars, highlighting the importance of flexibility and adaptability. The conclusions emphasize the need of further research on maneuver warfare in contemporary conflicts.

Military history is full of examples where tactical reserves are allocated to deal with unforeseen developments. There is a discussion regarding the value of reserves between representatives of different military theoretical orientations, where maneuver theorists look more favorably on reserves than attritional warfare theorists. The Swedish army tactical manual is based on maneuver theory, but previous studies show that Swedish army tacticians rarely allocate reserves. This study combines a survey experiment and a questionnaire to test if Weissmann and Ahlström's model for tactical thinking can explain the limited use of reserves within the Swedish army. The results indicate that this is not the case, but that the answers are more likely to be found in how Swedish army officers fundamentally relate to uncertainty and the nature of combat.

This thesis is about Operation Forager and the capture of Marianas. The research problem is to identify the explaining factors that led to the US victory over Japan despite the latter’s prepared defence on the islands against the upcoming amphibious assaults. The study is a theory consuming case study where the three amphibious assaults to the Marianas function as analyse units with most different research design. Data was collected by document analysis and analysed by using the-matic analysis method due to the qualitative nature of collected data. Theoretical framework was established by applying theories of amphibious operations and success in land warfare. The analysis showed that the common factor for success on all three islands was tactical agility, rather than superior force ratio as opposed to earlier view. All identified factors are also linked to each other and isolating one specific factor for success is challenging.

Future warfare will require military forces to cope with uncertainties by employing Finkel´s optimal flexibility and adaption if forces are to succeed. While flexibility is already crucial component of the Swedish warfare concept, the extent of implementation is unknown. This study investigates how flexibility is described and applied within the Swedish Armed Forces at an operational level, specifically within the Air Force and Navy. Using systematic text analysis this study shows that the theory is implemented at the operational level and partly in the Air Force and Navy. Specifically, and for both services in the conceptual and doctrinal flexibility stratum deficiencies are explained by using mission command. Regarding the lessons learning stratum, the services partially utilize rapid dissemination to compensate for the lack of mechanisms that encourage learning from mistakes. This research indicates the need for a comprehensive understanding of the theory at all levels to ensure successful implementation.

This thesis examines the implementation of maneuver warfare within Swedish war planning in 1967, focusing on the influence of political directives and the adoption of the German Maneuver School principles. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis of extensive archival materials and historical literature, the study highlights how political control shaped operational art and tactics, particularly through the directives issued by General Viking Tamm. The research reveals that political factors had a more profound impact on maneuver warfare implementation than previously documented, overshadowing other influences such as geography and military logic. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the internal conflicts within the Swedish Armed Forces that hindered the adoption of a more maneuver-oriented defense strategy, suggesting a complex interplay between political will and military practice. This work contributes to the broader understanding of military strategy adaptation under political constraints, offering a new perspective on the operational and tactical levels of defense planning.

The Swedish Air Force's security forces consist of small units specifically designed to counter security threats including sabotage, espionage, and criminal activity. In times of war, their primary duty is to defend vital air force operations and terrain. Their dimensioning opponent’s airborne forces are believed to have the capacity to airdrop battalions equipped with armored personnel carriers with automatic grenade launchers. As a result, it is likely that these smaller, company-sized units may encounter a more substantial and advanced force. In 2020, Peter Thunholm and Lars Henåker proposed a theory on land-based tactics called The Ideal Model. This theory consists of seven sequential steps aimed at causing organizational breakdown and ultimately improving the chances of winning a battle. The Ideal Model has been put to the test in 48 mechanized battles using the Swedish Defense University's battle simulator, and the results show that this theory has some explanatory value in mechanized warfare. This study aims to test Peter Thunholm's and Lars Henåker's theory on non-mechanized battles, specifically on defensive infantry battles, to determine if the Ideal Model is applicable to the Air Force's security forces' defensive tasks during wartime. By analyzing two cases, Goose Green 1982 and Zhawar 1986, this study shows that the Ideal Model has explanatory value on defensive land-based infantry battles at the tactical war level.

The new modern advancements in technology continues to impress with its superior features. However, implementing new technological systems can be problematic, and will require good planning and flexibility to utilize the technology to its full potential. Should new technology be adapted to fit into already existing tactics, or should the new technology and its characteristics and capabilities contribute to the development of tactics? The purpose of this study examines how tactics are affected by the implementation of a new technical system whitin the Swedish army. To analyze this, the author has chosen the implementation of the Armored Terrain Vehicle 360, which was intended to replace the previous, the Armored Personnel Carrier 302. The study uses a qualitative method, that is used to review theories that discuss military technique and tactics, and how they affect eachother. Indicators from the theories are identified in order to contribue to conclusions regarding the technical and tactical differences of both combat vehicles. The result of thestudy shows that the Swedish Armed Forces' implementation of the Armored All-Terrain Vehicle 360 has impacted and developed the tactics of the infantry units. Therefore, the results indicate that the units have had to develop new tactics as the characteristics of the new technology could not fully be applied and used within the existing tactics.

Det behövs en ökad förståelse för det integrerade taktiska förhållningssättet och dess helhet som härstammar tillbaka till den Nationella bastaktikens ändamål, det vill säga ”ett rättesnöre för alla poliser i deras förhållningssätt till och bedömningar av person eller grupp han/hon kommunicerar med eller ingriper mot, fysisk omgivning, samt egna förmågor och begränsningar.” Syftet med denna rapport är att på ett vetenskapligt och strukturerat sätt undersöka om POLKON som koncept med hänsyn till integreringen av kunskapsområdena skapar förutsättningar för en god arbetsmiljö för enskilda poliser. Empirin i denna rapport är 28 intervjuer (19 män, nio kvinnor) med poliser från samtliga polisregioner i Sverige. Intervjuerna genomfördes under hösten 2022. Resultaten visar att erfarenhet ses som en tillgång när det gäller att tillämpa det integrerade taktiska förhållningssättet. Enligt POLKON:s utbildningsmaterial ska individens förståelse, förhållningssätt och förmåga bidra till att i ett integrerat taktiskt förhållningssätt sträva efter kontroll i situationen, det vill säga tid och egen förmåga till adekvat åtgärd. Resultaten visar att POLKON som koncept tillämpas men att det finns variationer i såväl förståelsen som tillämpningen. Resultaten visar vidare att kommunikation är grunden i ingripande polisarbete men att det skiljer sig åt mellan olika poliser. Kopplingen mellan de olika kunskapsområdena, det vill säga taktik, mentalt och kommunikativt är dock inte helt uttalad. Resultaten visar att POLKON som koncept är anpassat till det praktiska arbetet som polis. Det finns inget i resultaten som indikerar att det integrerade taktiska förhållningssättet inte är anpassat efter det som poliserna ställs inför i sitt vardagliga arbete. Det finns snarare de som menar att de har allt de behöver för alla typer av ingripanden i sin förståelse av de grundläggande principerna. Resultaten från vår studie visar att det finns goda förutsättningar för att det integrerade taktiska förh

This study applies Thunholm and Henåker’s Ideal Model sequence to the counterattack carried out by the German 11th Panzer Division at Tschir from December 7th to 9th, 1942. The Ideal Model stems from cumulative research conducted withing the German school of maneuver warfare and of-fers a theoretical framework of a seven-step sequence on how to achieve success in tactical combat. The aim of the study is to investigate the pres-ence and interplay of the steps outlined in the Ideal Model during actual combat accounting for the dynamic elements of danger, stress and friction that differentiate real-life combat from theoretical concepts. The results shows that all steps are present to a varying degree although with a slightly different sequence. The study finds the step “Maneuver and out-pacing the opponent by focus on timing and by a short decision-action loop” to be of central importance in the successful counterattack.

The ambition of this study is to assess whether it is most tactically advantageous to have fewer larger surface combatant ships compared to more smaller ones within the framework of a coastal defense operation in Swedish waters. The study notes that since the torpedo was first fired in anger in battle more than 135 years ago, small warships have for long had the ability to sink larger warships. The question still remains however if larger warships are superior to smaller ones based on other characteristics such as their size, which could justify building larger ships instead of smaller ones? This study uses Hughes Salvo Model to theoretically verify if larger or smaller warships are to be preferred. The result from the model is then compared with simulations based on the Simple Surface Model and real-life events from different conflicts. The findings are indicate of that larger warships have several advantages over smaller ones, but the conclusion of this study is that when it comes to ship versus ship action, it is more advantageous to have more smaller warships than few larger ones.

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Herausforderungen und Potentiale bezüglich des Informations- und Wissenstransfers in Streitkräften anhand der Virtuellen Realität herauszuarbeiten. Ausgehend von der Beschreibung des Informations- und Wissenstransfers in Einsatzorganisationen, über die Darstellung der Trends der Virtuellen Realität, hin zu einer kurzen Erklärung der wesentlichen Elemente der Taktik wird zum Mixed-Method-Design übergeführt. Dabei wurde eine taktische Problemstellung unter Zuhilfenahme der Virtuellen Realität bearbeitet. Während der Aufgabenstellung wurden die Teilnehmenden beobachtet und im Anschluss interviewt. Es hat sich ergeben, dass der Informations- und Wissenstransfer in der Taktik durch die Nutzung von Virtueller Realität verbessert werden kann. Als Herausforderungen wurden die Akzeptanz und das Wohlbefinden der Nutzenden identifiziert, als Potentiale verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der militärischen Ausbildung.*****This paper aims to elaborate challenges and potentials of information and knowledge transfer in the armed forces based on virtual reality. To the mixed-method design is transferred via information and knowledge transfer in operational organizations to the trends of virtual reality to a short explanation of the most essential elements of tactics. A tactical problem was solved with the help of virtual reality. The participants were observed during the task and interviewed afterwards. It was found that the transfer of information and knowledge in tactics can be improved using virtual reality. Low acceptance and user well-being were identified as challenges, and possibilities for improving military training were identified as potentials.

Under de senaste åren har drönarteknologi introducerats på det moderna slagfältet. Erfarenheter från kriget i Nagorno-Karabach 2020 visar på en stor militär betydelse. Användandet av taktiska verkansdrönare förefaller påverka markförbandens operationsmiljö och aktualiserar luftens betydelse för markkrigföringen. Studien är en kvalitativ fokusgruppsundersökning som svarar på frågan om hur förekomsten av verkansdrönare på slagfältet förändrar svenska marktaktiska överväganden. Studien lämnar med ett svenskt sammanhang ett krigsvetenskapligt bidrag till ett nytt forskningsområde i tider av säkerhetspolitisk förändring. Resultatet visar på att operationsmiljön för markförband är förändrad. Taktiska verkansdrönare har unika kapaciteter, vilket påverkar marktaktiska överväganden. Slutsatserna påtalar betydelsen av att föregå motståndaren och pekar på att verkan är en förutsättning för manöverkrigföring.

Syftet med studien var att kartlägga vad som sker i de målgörande bollinnehaven i damernas Svenska Superliga i innebandy säsongen 2021/2022 samt analysera de faktorer som leder till mål. En observationsstudie genomfördes där 30 matcher och 317 mål observerades via video. Studien använde en induktiv ansats då tidigare forskning var bristfällig och liknande studier för daminnebandy saknades helt. Flera olika parametrar om målgörande bollinnehav mättes med hjälp av ett genomarbetat observationsprotokoll baserat på tidigare forskning. Data redovisades med deskriptiv statistik där frekvensen av varje svarsalternativ visades i procentuell form. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom att svarsalternativen kodades och fördes in i Excel och SPSS version 27 för att analyseras och sedan presenteras deskriptivt, procentuellt och grafiskt. Resultatet visar att målgörande lag oftast vinner bollen framför eget mål eller på vänsterkanten genom att utnyttja ett misstag från motståndaren. Vanligast är att snabba anfall med få passningar och få involverade spelare leder till mål. Målgörande passningar kommer oftast från kanterna bredvid motståndarmålet och passerar en tänkt centrallinje från mitten av målburen. Direktskott mitt framför målet eller från respektive kant strax utanför målområdet ligger till grund för flest mål. Vanligast är att skotten går in bredvid målvakten nära målramen i något av målens fyra hörn. Baserat på resultatet kan taktiska aspekter som hög press eller snabba anfall användas för att ett innebandylag ska öka sina chanser att göra mål. Resultatet kan också användas omvänt för att förbättra lags försvarsspel. Även fysiologiska krav för hur en innebandyspelare ska träna kan utvecklas från studien.

Principles of war have for a long time constituted a central part of military thinking, but for as long as they have existed their value has been debated and criticized. Strangely, there seems to exist almost no scientific research testing the empirical validity of such principles, despite the fact that they still appear to play an important role in military doctrine, training and education. This study aims to test the validity of principles of war, by examining whether they can explain the outcome of naval battle. Through a case study approach, principles of naval warfare expressed by theorist Geoffrey Till are tested on a historical naval engagement between US and Japanese forces during World War II. The result of the study shows a certain correlation between some of Till’s principles and victory in the analysed battle, and thereby proves the empirical validity of principles of war to some extent. Further research is however required to increase the confidence in principles as an analytical framework for explaining the outcome of battle, and to determine the possible underlying causal mechanisms.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur fotbollstränare i allsvenskaakademier arbetar med videoanalys i förhållande till träningar ochmatcher. Videoanalys är ett verktyg som finns tillgängligt på alla nivåerinom fotbollen med tanke på teknikens framfart i det moderna samhället.Det gjordes genom att intervjua fem fotbollstränare i olika akademiermed i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visade attvideoanalys är ett slagkraftigt verktyg vilket hjälper tränarna att utvecklasärskilda förmågor hos spelare på en vardaglig basis.

The use of various practical pedagogical tools is an important part of officer training. This is also an area where there is a long tradition in the training of officer cadets and officers in staff colleges as well as in the Armed Forces more generally. This article focuses on staff rides aimed at teaching tactics and operational arts based on historical examples. This type of staff-rides aims to learn from history with a bearing on the present and the future. The article is organized as follows: first, the article gives a short overview of the history of staff rides, followed by a discussion on different types of staff rides. Then the focus shifts to ways to planning and carrying out a staff-ride. This includes the planning phase, reconnaissance, and the different pedagogical tools that can be used and their implementation. The article concludes with a discussion of how to think when planning and carrying out a staff rides, both practically and pedagogically. The article here presented a schematic model of the pedagogical dynamics of the staff ride for different target groups based on their pre-understanding and the complexity of different field exercises.

This article describes the production of a regional theatre play during the pandemic spring and summer of 2020. The aim of the study is to exemplify and shed light on the complex ways that the Covid-19 pandemic and restrictions has affected creative practices and institutions, and specifically their processes of change. The research question is: Which consequences did the pandemic have for the production processes of Dalateatern’s play Andra sidan? The pandemic can be said to have simultaneously worked as a defender and challenger of status quo. While it was used to legitimize and uphold stable structures and working methods, it also made possible tactical deviations from work related norms and routines. It can be described as a constant tactical mode, which for some workers seem to have been overly negative and stressful, but for others has been a positive and joyful experience, an artistic and creative horizon of possibility., I den här artikeln beskrivs arbetet med en regional teateruppsättning som producerades och spelades under pandemivåren och -sommaren 2020. Syftet med undersökningen är att exemplifiera och synliggöra de komplexa sätt som coronapandemin och restriktionerna påverkat kreativa verksamheter och institutioner, samt att diskutera hur pandemin kan påverka teaterinstitutioners förändringsarbete. Artikelns övergripande frågeställning är: Vilka konsekvenser hade covid-19-pandemin för de olika produktionsprocesser som ingick i Dalateaterns uppsättning Andra sidan? Pandemin och restriktionerna kan paradoxalt nog sägas ha fungerat både som strategiska försvarare av status quo och taktiska utmanare av detsamma. Samtidigt som pandemin kunde användas för att legitimera stabila strukturer och arbetsmetoder, tvingade den fram avsteg från vissa av arbetets normer och rutiner. Pandemin försatte medarbetarna i ett slags pågående taktiskt läge, som av vissa medarbetare upplevdes som framför allt negativt och stressande, men av andra som en positiv, lustfylld upplevelse, som en konstnärlig och kreativ möjlighetshorisont.

Antalet dödliga polisskjutningar har under de senaste tio åren ökat i Sverige jämfört med de två föregående tioårsperioderna. De senaste åren har ett antal uppmärksammade polisiära skjutningar resulterat i utredningar genomförda av Polismyndighetens tillsynsenhet. Enheten för polisutbildning vid Umeå universitet har fått i uppdrag att utifrån ett vetenskapligt perspektiv undersöka de identifierade bristerna som Tillsynsenheten/Internrevisionen påtalat. Syftet med denna studie har varit att bättre förstå vad som påverkar polisers agerande och användning av metoder och tekniker från det taktiska kunskapsområdet för att hantera olika situationer. Under våren 2021 genomfördes 21 intervjuer med IGV-poliser i Västernorrland och Västerbotten. Resultatet visar att poliserna upplever att den utbildning som ges i POLKON är bra och att det innehåll som utbildningen har är anpassat efter aktuella utmaningar och satsningar som svensk polis gör. I studien finns inget som tyder på att utbildningarna i POLKON har brister utan den upplevs snarare som väldigt angelägen och viktig. Behov och önskemål om mer utbildning finns bland samtliga som intervjuats, men samtidigt är alla medvetna om att allt mer områden inom polisen kräver utbildning vars tid skall tas från kärnverksamheten. Poliserna i denna studie ger en samlad bild av att ha en bra grundläggande utbildningsnivå. Däremot uppvisar majoriteten en sämre förmåga att med termer från det taktiska kunskapsområdet diskutera och redovisa sitt taktiska uppträdande och sina taktiska ställningstaganden. Det integrerade taktiska förhållningssättet och det taktiska kunskapsområdet kan vara en central förutsättning till att möjlig-göra att svensk polis kan hantera nuvarande och framtida utmanande arbetsuppgifter bra. Det är tydligt att det är svårt att skapa kunskapsspridning mellan lokalpolisområdena och mellan polisområdena, och förmodligen ännu svårare mellan polisregionerna. Däremot finns det ett strukturerat insamlande av erfarenheter

The conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh and eastern Ukraine have spurred a great deal of interest regarding the implications for modern warfare. Both schoolers and militaries alike have been trying to decern what kind of implications these conflicts, complete with new weapons and capabilities have upon tomorrow’s battlefield. Theories that try to provide an explanatory outcome of conflicts has often been centered down to the age-old question whether it is the scientific material side or the artistic maneuver that takes the precedence for explaining victory on the battlefield. The purpose of this paper is to try and combine those views by using Randall Collins theory regarding the outcome of conflicts, to explain the battles of Ilovaisk 2014 and the Azerbaijani advance in Sothern Nagorno-Karabakh 2020. That way both sides are taken into account and help mitigate the debate. Furthermore, the making of a structural analytical framework tests the theory and is beneficial for further research. The framework developed from the theory, have two different main casual ways to explain victory on the battlefield. One stem from the material side called attrition and one from the artistic side called maneuverer. The framework was then applied upon a number of different reports, books, and other open sources from the conflicts. Conclusions from the results are that attritional warfare has been a viable way to achieve victory and that the long-range precision firepower that drone warfare offer has the advantage over the defensive counters.

In 1993 William McRaven developed a theory about how special forces units could achieve relative superiority against a larger, well-defended force. To achieve relative superiority, the unit mustconsider the six principles that in one way or other effects the result and makes the difference between failure and success. But a lot have happened since 1993. September 11, 2001 marks as a turning point in the war against terror when al-Qaeda hijacked airliners and flew them straight into World Trade Center and Pentagon. President George Bush declared war against terror immediately, a war that still is beingfought today. Since then, the use of special operations forces has increased dramatically but studies about them remains far behind. The aim of this study is to analyze if McRavens theory remain relevant in modern conflictsagainst terror organizations. This was achieved by applying McRavens theory on two cases, Operation Neptune Spear and The Raid on Yakla. The result shows that the theory has explanatory power but when operating under highest secrecy, information remains restricted for scholars and researchers. Making it difficult to generalize a theory of units of this character.

In 1967 Israel clashed in a short but intense war with its middle eastern neighbours, later labelled as the six-day war. At the time Israel was poorly equipped and outnumbered in all areas compared to its opponents. Egypt was, on paper, the strongest contender against Israel being backed up with resources by the Soviet Union. Despite this Israel did not only come out on top but did so remarkably quick and with an efficiency that had not been seen since the German Blitzkrieg during world war II. To this day there has been plenty of attempts to explain tactical success or defeat and what underlying factors that contribute to one side emerging victorious in tactical battles. Often these attempts single out one or a few deciding variables. The purpose of this study is to test Thunholm & Henåkers relatively new approach to explaining tactical success as an ideal sequence of factors and methods. Through a case study of the events of the six-day war this study will attempt to either reinforce or falsify the ideal sequence as a tool for understanding and explaining tactical success or defeat. The result of this study reveals a continued need to test Thunholm & Henåkers theoretical framework in cases with a very high level of detail and possibly in a quantitative approach as well due to the nature of tactical events and effects being a matter of probability.

The concept of surprise is as old as warfare itself. All battlefield commanders want to defeat their foe with the smallest number of lost lives and expenditure of resources. This study will analyse what factors are necessary to achieve surprise and what the effect of that surprise can be. This study will apply Jim Storr’s theory of surprise against two different cases where surprise can be found. The first case is when the German forces stormed the fortress of Eben Emael during the Second World War where a small force of 86 paratroopers successfully managed to defeat a garrison of about 1000 men. The second case is the second battle of El Alamein where the British 8th army beat Rommel and his Das Afrika Korps. The aim of the study is to see how surprise was achieved and what the effect of the surprise was in the two cases according to Jim Storrs theory of surprise. The result of the study indicates that there are some explanatory powers to these cases with Jim Storr’s theory of surprise. In the case of Eben Emael it is quite significant and in the case of El Alamein it is somewhat limited.