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This outline paper aims to provide a critical review of secondary settling tank (SST) modelling approaches used in current wastewater engineering and develop tools not yet applied in practice. We address the development of different tier models and experimental techniques in the field with a particular emphasis on works published since the reference work by Ekama et al. (1997). We give insight into the current engineering practice, identify how recent developments can be transferred to engineering practice and pinpoint limitations and potential pathways for further development of models and measurement techniques. As a follow-up to the present work, we believe there is a need for the development of a protocol for systematic clarifier modelling depending on the modelling objective and in line with good modelling practice.

Defense reform in Hungary has followed a difficult path from the Soviet era to NATO accession. This paper suggests how Hungary first adopted the new Defense Law and Basic Security Principles in 1993, and defined the roles of the Armed Forces in the new post-Cold War era. Secondly, by the end of the NATO accession talks in 1998, Hungary transformed not only its own military to comply with NATO standards, but also the command structure and the leadership and management of the Armed Forces. As a consequence of the 1999 Kosovo War the Hungarian government initiated a new, three-phase defense reform concept. The new defense reform sets forth a smaller, better-equipped, sustainable army, capable of carrying out missions, originated in the 1998 Defense Law, the 1998 Basic Security Principles, and international obligations. Due to a broad parliamentary and public consensus and a ten-year process, from 1990 to 2000, Hungary has radically transformed its civil- military relation and established the basis of a Western democratic principle-based, civilian-controlled Armed Forces. http://archive.org/details/reformofcivilmil1094510823

A computer simulated model representing carbon dynamics within the eastern equatorial Pacific was developed. The three compartment model incorporated the physical, biological and chemical processes most significant to the region of study representing both "normal" and highly disruptive conditions. The events which interrupt the normal carbon dynamics are known as El Niño events. The most profound effects that the El Niño has on the eastern equatorial Pacific are anomalously high sea-surface temperatures and a weakening in the typically intense upwelling motion. It is during these periods that the equatorial Pacific has been thought as being a sink for carbon dioxide. The EPCM incorporated these extreme changes, as typified by sea-surface temperature and upwelling, in order to determine the levels of sensitivity of the model parameters to these adversive conditions. The EPCM suggests that variations in upwelling rates have a much greater effect on model parameters than a change in sea-surface temperatures. As well, it has been suggested that cooler temperatures limit zooplankton and phytoplankton parameters much more than warmer conditions. Lastly, it has been demonstrated that, according to the EPCM, the equatorial Pacific is always a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Net movement towards the atmosphere persists even during periods when upwelling is at its weakest, as simulated by the EPCM. Thesis Bachelor of Science (BSc)