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Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is one of major causes of therapy failure and tumor recurrence in ovarian cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism of platinum resistance is not fully understood. Here, we compared gene expression between cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells using gene expression microarray analysis and found the significantly up-regulated expression of SERPINE1 encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease regulating the fibrinolysis and extracelluar matrix, in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. The correlation of high PAI-1 expression with low cisplatin sensitivity was confirmed in ovarian cancer cells. PAI-1 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells significantly decreased the sensitivity to cisplatin, whereas PAI-1 down-regulation by SERPINE1 siRNA or PAI-1 inhibitor increased cisplatin sensitivity. PAI-1 inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage. PAI-1 also decreased cisplatin-induced ferroptosis through the upregulation of GPX4 levels. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using TGGA data demonstrated that high PAI-1 expression was significantly associated with shorter platinum-free survival of patients with ovarian cancer. Collectively, these results illustrate that PAI-1 promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting ROS-mediated apoptosis and ferroptosis, suggesting that targeting PAI-1 increases the sensitivity to cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Mi Jeong Kwon, Ha Yeong Chae, So Young Lee, Shin Ung Kang, Tae Woong Jung, Soo Youn Cho, Jinil Han, Hyojin Jeong, Chang Ohk Sung, Young Kee Shin. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting ROS-mediated apoptosis and ferroptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1684.

Rotavirus (RV) is one of the most important viral etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Although effective RV vaccines (RVVs) are now used worldwide, novel genotypes and outbreaks resulting from rare genotype combinations have emerged. This study documented RV genotypes in a Korean population of children with AGE 5 yr after the introduction of RVV and assessed potential genotype differences based on vaccination status or vaccine type. Children less than 5-yr-old diagnosed with AGE between October 2012 and September 2013 admitted to 9 medical institutions from 8 provinces in Korea were prospectively enrolled. Stool samples were tested for RV by enzyme immunoassay and genotyped by multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. In 346 patients, 114 (32.9%) were RV-positive. Among them, 87 (76.3%) patients were infected with RV alone. Eighty-six of 114 RV-positive stool samples were successfully genotyped, and their combinations of genotypes were G1P[8] (36, 41.9%), G2P[4] (12, 14.0%), and G3P[8] (6, 7.0%). RV was detected in 27.8% of patients in the vaccinated group and 39.8% in the unvaccinated group (P=0.035). Vaccination history was available for 67 of 86 cases with successfully genotyped RV-positive stool samples; RotaTeq (20, 29.9%), Rotarix (7, 10.4%), unvaccinated (40, 59.7%). The incidence of RV AGE is lower in the RV-vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group with no evidence of substitution with unusual genotype combinations. Graphical Abstract

Although the livestock excretion is a significant resource in providing nutrients to the crops as it is recycled, it has been perceived as the cause of environmental pollutions for its inappropriate treatment and quality control issues. The study is aimed to develop an integrated management system for efficient management of livestock excretion using the Ubiquitous technology, and the user requirements are analyzed for development of such system. As the result of analysis on the requirements, it has been proved that such system is perceived to be necessary and the demand for several main functions can be seen as well.

Since emissions are recognized as the biggest contribution to climate change, the needs and international efforts for emissions reduction are increasing. The developed countries are driving strategies to boost green industry as a new growth engine. Following this global trend, based on the ongoing U-City project as a new city model, it is required to analyze the changes of emissions in U-City to identify its potential for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This study aims at identifying the potential and effects on reduction by analyzing the level of emissions before and after introducing U-City. Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-City & Ilsan-Gu, Goyang-City among Phase I new tow ns were selected as model cities before introducing U-City and Dongtan-Dong, Hwaseong-City as a model city after introducing U-City. The result showed 30% reduction of emissions in the comparison of tw o models.

목적: 급성 위장관염으로 입원한 소아 환자들의 중증도를 여러 척도로 평가하여 각 척도간의 차이를 비교하고, 원인 바이러스가 밝혀진 예를 따로 분류하여 원인 병원체에 따른 임상양상 및 중증도의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 전향적으로 전국 8개 지역 9개 의료기관의 소아청소년과에 급성 위장관염으로 진단받아 입원한 5세 미만의 환자를 대상으로 Vesikari 척도, Clark 척도, 수정 Flores 척도로 중증도를 평가하였다. 연구군으로부터 수집된 분변 검체로 로타바이러스, 장 아데노바이러스는 효소면역법으로, 노로바이러스, 아스트로바이러스, 사포바이러스는 RT-PCR 방법으로 검출하였다. 결과: 최종 연구 대상군은 총 214례로 남녀비는 1.58:1이고, 연령층은 6개월 미만이 35명(16.4%), 6-23개월이 105명(49.1%), 24-59개월이 74명(34.5%)이었다. Vesikari 척도와 Clark 척도간 일치율은 0.521 (P 【Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the disease severity of children suffering from gastroenteritis using different scales. The results are compared and subsequently classified on the basis of the type of virus causing the disease in order to investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and disease severity according to pathogen. Method: This study was conducted prospectively with patients under 5 years of age diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis and hospitalized at 9 medical institutions in 8 regions across the Republic of Korea. Disease severity was evaluated using the Vesikari Scale, the Clark Scale, and the modified Flores Scale. Fecal samples collected from patients were used to detect rotavirus and enteric adenovirus by enzyme immunoassay, and for RT-PCR of norovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus. Results: There were a total of 214 patients with a male : female ratio of 1.58 : 1, of which 35 were under the age of 6 months (16.4%), 105 were aged 6-23 months (49.1%), and 74 were aged 24-59 months (34.5%). The rate of concordance between the Vesikari and Clark Scales was 0.521 (P】

Purpose: The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has increased in children and in neonates, and is particularly associated with frequent use of central venous catheter in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. It is known that the morbidity and mortality of MRSA infection are low in neonates, as compared with adults. The objective of this study was to examine the difference in clinical characteristics between VLBW infants that survived and those that did not, a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) of MRSA. Methods: Thirty-four VLBW infants had laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection with S. aureus. We examined the incidence, mortality and morbidity of CRBSI, and predictive factors associated with mortality. Results: Twenty-six infants had same pathogen (24 MRSA, 2 Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) in the blood and in the catheter tip. Eight infants (25.8%) died in the CRBSI and they all had MRSA blood infections. Sex ratio, gestational age, duration between blood collection and identification of pathogens, and WBC and platelet count were not significantly different between patients that died from and patients that survived CRBSI of MRSA. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in VLBW infants that died. Mean age of onset and hospital day was earlier (9.1±6.6 vs. 26.9±20.2; P=0.005) and shorter for patients that died (10.1±7.0 vs. 73.0±32.4; P=0.000). Two survivors had complications of pyogenic arthritis of the lower extremities and soft tissue infection, respectively. Conclusion: Mortality of CRBSI was likely to be high in VLBW infants and might be anticipated by CRP and early onset of disease.

목 적:우리나라의 B형 간염 조절을 위한 초창기 예방접종 정책과 1회용 주사기를 포함한 혈액매개질환의 감염원이 될 수 있는 기구 사용 정책에 관한 자료를 수집, 정리하여 향후 정책 수립 및 평가에 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 방 법:국내 학회지 또는 논문, 정부 웹사이트, 전산화된 주요 일간신문 등을 검색하여 수집된 자료들의 내용을 확인하였다. 자료의 내용에 따라 정부의 B형 간염 조절 정책, 학교에서의 B형 간염 단체 예방접종 사업, B형 간염 백신 사용 상황, 1회용 주사기를 포함 혈액매개질환의 전파 가능성이 있는 기구 사용에 관한 정책 등 네 가지 주제로 나누어 각각에 대해 시기별 정책 변화를 정리하였다. 결 과: 1980년대 초 B형 간염에 대한 사회적 관심이 컸기 때문에 B형 간염 백신이 신속히 도입, 개발되었으며, 1983년 말에 'B형 간염 퇴치를 위한 5개년 계획'이 수립되어 1984-5년 2년간에만 B형 간염 백신을 접종한 사람은 약 600만명이었다. 그러나 접종 대상이 신생아가 아닌 성인에 초점을 맞추었기에 전문가들의 반론에 따라 2년만에 계획은 백지화되었다. 이후 학교 단체 예방접종 사업이 진행되고, 1995년에는 국가 필수예방접종에 포함되는 등 신생아 중심의 예방접종 정책이 유지되었다. 1회용 주사기의 사용은 1980년대 초부터 권고 되었으나 1985년이 돼서야 법제화되었다. 결 론:우리나라에서의 B형 간염 감염 관리에 대한 성공 요인은 B형 간염 백신의 조기 도입 및 대량 접종, 높은 접종률, 1회용 주사기 사용 등이 종합적으로 작용하여 이루어진 것이라 생각된다. 그러나 이를 뒷받침할만한 공식적 자료가 너무 부족하다. 따라서 정부가 보유하고 있는 모든 감염 관련 자료들의 정리와 전산화 작업이 매우 시급하다고 여겨진다. 【Purpose : We have tried to search all concerning data on the policies of hepatitis B vaccination or surveillance of medical equipments that can transmit blood mediated diseases, including disposable syringe, in Republic of Korea, to propose references to other medical professionals. Methods : Data from domestic journals, government websites, computerized newspapers, etc. were reviewed. The data were arranged into four categories (governmental policies on hepatitis B control, hepatitis B mass immunization program in school, using process of hepatitis B vaccine, and policies on medical equipments surveillance, including disposable syringes, which is considered as source of blood mediated infection), and the periodic changes on each subjects in policies were reviewed. Results : Due to growing social concerns on hepatitis B in early 1980s, swift introduction and production of hepatitis B vaccine was made. After establishment of "5 year project for eradication of hepatitis B" in late 1983, number of vaccinated population jumped up to 6 million within 2 years (1984-85). However, since the immunization targets were mainly adult, not infant, this project was annulled in late 1985. Following this project, hepatitis B mass immunization program in school was carried out. In year 1995, hepatitis B vaccine was included in national immunization program. The use of disposable syringe was recommended from year 1980 but legislated in year 1985, finally. Conclusion : The mainstay in controlling hepatitis B in Republic of Korea was coordination of prompt introduction of vaccine, mass immunization, high vaccination coverage rate, or use of disposable syringes. However, since there is lack of official data available, it is urgent to arrange and computerize all government data related to infectious diseases.】