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Background: Students are a group particularly high risk of adverse effects from such restrictions introduced within counter transmission the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Fear felt of contracting the disease and social isolation can lead to consuming excessive amounts of energy with food, resulting in weight gain and eating disorders. Objective. The aim of the study was analysed selected lifestyle aspects of Polish and Turkish students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the existence of differences between the lifestyles of these individuals during the two periods. Material and methods. The study was conducted at the turn of 2020-2021 among 435 students, including 331 Polish and 104 Turkish students: The research instrument was an original questionnaire created in a Google Forms, consisting of metric and a proper part regarding lifestyle before and during the pandemic. Prior to the actual study, in order to verify whether the research tool is understandable, a pilot study was conducted, which included 40 individuals. The Wilcoxon test was used to examine the differences between the lifestyle of students before and during the pandemic. A value of p

In this study, while teaching Arabic to Turkish students, we have faced various challenges that in one way or another reflect the problems that these students face. However, these are diverse, intricate and complex challenges that arise in the students' lives. This is manifested in the form of phonetic, syntactic, written errors, etc. in the students' spoken and written language. This is because many of these students come to the conclusion that it is difficult to learn the language, or often impossible to master Arabic. It turns out that the learning problems and difficulties are not caused by the words themselves or the largely incomplete Arabic structures, but rather by the completed grammatical structures and Arabic phrase sequences in general. Thus, our research has revealed the aspects of harmony, similarity or difference between the structural system of the two languages [in which the intention is revealed] and the main reason for them. This study was accompanied by the results of a survey of students' views on the Arabic language, which was the best basis for drawing conclusions. The study is theoretically based on the comparative analysis approach. Because this approach is the most effective approach in terms of analyzing linguistic phenomena in order to reach the goal of the study. Then, a comparative presentation between Arabic and Turkish languages was added to this analysis in order to create the desired balance and thus reveal the degree of difficulty faced by Turkish learners of the Arabic language. The mother tongue, here Turkish, effectively influences and largely controls the process. The study believes that the learner's first language experience in his/her mother tongue (Turkish) effectively influences and largely controls the process of learning a foreign language (Arabic). Studies in the field of linguistic psychology have confirmed that it is necessary and inevitable for the learner to remember his/her mother tongue when faced with a new language phenomenon in a language being learned, and that this even happens unconsciously. On the other hand, from a practical point of view, this study was based on the rules of the descriptive approach and used statistical tools to analyze the results of the questionnaire distributed to 152 Turkish students at the Faculty of Theology, Gaziantep University. The study represented a random sample after ensuring the eligibility of the sample and excluding those who violated it. This article is based on two issues and a conclusion: The first issue is entitled "The Balance between the Levels of Arabic and Turkish Language Learning". This represents the theoretical aspect of the study. This is followed by the second issue, which is titled "Presenting the Data Based on the Questionnaire and Analyzing the Results". This represents the scientific aspect of the study. In the conclusion, in addition to the appendix with statistical tables, figures and graphs, as well as pictures of the questionnaire distributed to the students, the important final conclusions and recommendations that emerged from the research are collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to examine strategies used in intercultural encounters by Polish and Turkish students of Foreign Languages (n1=50, n2=50, respectively) who have experienced intercultural communication. Intercultural encounters are viewed as ‘language-inaction’ situations because they provide a rich source of information about linguistic devices used during intercultural exchanges, sources of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and strategies implemented to transfer information or maintain conversational involvement of the interlocutors. This study offers some insights into the frequency and variety of the strategies used in intercultural encounters. It was conducted as a small-scale project, with the Critical Incident Technique and questionnaires administered to collect data. The research participants (C1/C2 levels of proficiency) were supposed to produce written narratives describing the most memorable intercultural encounters and report on intercultural communication strategies. Their narratives were later analysed to identify strategies applied to manage intercultural communication and achieve communicative goals (e.g. maintaining contact and/or conveying necessary information). Research findings show that Proactively seeking clarification and Building intercultural connection or relationship were the most frequent strategies used by these two groups. However, research results also suggest that the choice of strategies depends on such factors as the participants’ level of language proficiency, their cultural background or the quality and quantity of intercultural contacts. Cross-cultural analysis indicates that Turkish students are more socially- and culturally oriented, whereas Polish students display a tendency to focus more on cognitive and linguistic aspects of intercultural encounters. Findings from the study can be of help for educators and trainers involved in researching intercultural communication, strategic involvement and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes of Turkmenistanian and Turkish university students towards environmental ethics approaches and their naturalistic intelligence (NI) field. In addition, it was investigated whether there is a gender difference in environmental ethics levels in both countries students'. Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale (EEAS) and Multiple Intelligence Areas Inventory were applied to the students. A total of 172 Turkish and 103 Turkmenistanian university students participated. A significant difference between the mean scores of Turkish and Turkmenistanian was observed in all four categories of environmental ethics [Anthropocentric, Ecocentric, Ecofeminism, Teocentric]. The analyses conducted to test gender differences showed that there was not a significant difference between male and female Turkmenistanian students' EAA mean scores. Comparison of NI levels of students from both countries suggested that Turkish students' NI levels were "developed" and Turkmenistanian students' NI levels were "moderately developed". The research findings were considered for both countries students'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Syrian refugee students', who have been living in Turkey since the beginning of the Syrian civil war, adaptation problems and the level of Turkish students' adoption, are searched in terms of gender and class level. In this context, investigating Republic of Turkey's education policies, possible problems in future and solutions are aimed with the opinions of the instructors of temporary training centers with the help of semi-structured interview form. The sample group of this study is formed of 700 students from Şanlıurfa Haliliye Rabia Hatun Girl Anatolian Religious High School, Konuklu Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School, Rabia Hatun Religious Temporary Training Center and Milli İrade Temporary Training Center, 211 of them are refugees and 489 of them are Turkish. 173 of these students are male and 527 of them are female. For the qualitative part of the study, 15 temporary education center instructors are viewed from 4 different cities. In this study, Syrian refugee students' adaptation problems and the level of Turkish students' adoption are searched in terms of gender and class level and temporary training centers' instructors' opinions on these topics and refugees' educational status are analyzed. In addition to this, while explaining the variances, the figures like average, standard deviation, and percentiles were represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the source of an individual’s learning, listening and reading skills are also a prior condition to use speaking and writing skills. Therefore, eliminating the problems encountered in these skills is also important for the development of other skills. In this study, the aim is to determine the listening and reading anxiety levels of students and the relationship between them in terms of various variables during the Covid-19 pandemic which has been emphasized in various studies to cause learning losses. In accordance with the stated aim, the target population of the research consists of secondary school students. Data from the participants were collected with the use of the Listening Anxiety Scale for Secondary School Students and the Reading Anxiety Scale, and the SPSS program was used to analyze the data. As a result, it was determined that listening anxiety levels of the participants were moderate and reading anxiety levels were low, and there was a positive and significant relationship between the listening and reading anxiety levels of secondary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with Russian prefixed verbs of motion in the reflection of the Turkish language. The topic is relevant due to the fact that in recent years the role of Russian language learning in Turkey is increasing because of the expansion of economic and cultural relations between the two countries. The aim of the study is to create a linguodidactic basis for developing methodological recommendations for teaching Russian prefixed verbs of motion to Turkish students. Different methods have been used to realize the goal. The article is based on the dissertations, textbooks and manuals on the Russian language for foreigners, scientific works comparing the Russian and Turkish languages. The study of verbs of motion in the practical course of the Russian language for Turkish students has a special place. Russian and Turkish language speakers perceive the world and their identity differently. The differences between the pictures of the world are reflected in culture and language, its vocabulary and grammatical categories. Thus, while there are universals in the verb systems of the Russian and Turkish languages, there are also significant differences in the idea of action, state, change, movement, denoted by verb units in the two languages. Russian prefixed verbs of motion do not have exact equivalents in Turkish and are translated by means of verbs with different root or translation transformations. The results of the comparative description of Russian prefixed verbs of motion and transferring their meanings in Turkish, and the identified differences served as the basis for developing methodological recommendations for teaching Russian prefixed verbs of motion to Turkish students, taking into account their native language. Basing on the research, a system of teaching prefixed verbs of motion to Turkish students, including methods of verb presentation and consolidation in oral and written speech, was developed. The prospects of this work are to create a nationally-oriented textbook on the topic Russian prefix verbs of motion.

The purpose of this study is to determine Turkish and refugee middle school students’ views on their national belonging. The study employed the qualitative research approach aligned with the purpose; semi-structured interviews were conducted with Turkish and refugee students. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results showed that the most important common features for national belonging of both Turkish and refugee students were the common language they spoke and the place they lived in and the difference of views regarding national belonging were in terms of discrimination. Regarding Turkish society’s expectations of them, both groups emphasized universal values such as being hardworking and being a good person, but their perceptions of serving the state differed. As for what Turkish and refugee students should do for this society, Turkish students believed that they should be hardworking and refugee students thought that they should be good people. It can be said that the differences of opinion between Turkish students and refugee students who migrated to Turkey would decrease if both groups came together on the subject of universal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper looks at the factors affecting the English spoken by Turkish students learning English. The research took place in one of the private language institutes in Istanbul, Turkey. Of the fifty participants, twenty-five were males and twenty-five were females. The participants' age range was between sixteen and twenty-two years of age. The research showed that lack of opportunity to speak, fear of making mistakes, lack of self-confidence, and not being comfortable speaking in the class are negative factors affecting their speaking ability. In addition, lack of speaking and listening, different grammar structures of Turkish and English, lack of vocabulary, shyness, and, most importantly, thinking in the first language and then translating in the target are other factors hindering progress. To counter these obstacles, this paper recommends that teachers create a natural environment, be patient with learners, and build confidence while teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to investigate the academic achievement and perceived peer support levels of 4th-8th grade Turkish elementary and middle school students at low socio-economic status. Factorial design analyses were used to test the statistical effects of gender and preschool education variables on the dependent variables. The findings indicated that while girls performed a higher general academic achievement in school courses than boys, the perceived peer support levels were similar for both groups. On the other hand, although no significant effect of preschool education was detected on academic achievement, students who had completed preschool education were found to have significantly higher perceived peer support scores than their peers. Similar to findings of studies from non-Western contexts, no significant relationship was found between the Turkish students’ academic achievement and perceived peer support levels.

The purpose of this study is to describe and compare pragmatic language skills of Turkish students with typical development and inclusive education students with mild intellectual disability. Participants included 152 primary school students (75 students were students with typical development-STD, and 77 students were inclusive education students with mild intellectual disability-IES) aged between 5 and 12. Data were collected via Turkish version of Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory (TV-PLSI, Alev, Diken, Ardıç, Diken, Şekercioğlu and Gilliam, 2014). Results indicated that out of 75 students with typical development (STD), 58 (77,4 %) had average or above average pragmatic language skills whereas out of 77 inclusive education students (IES), only 17 (22,1 %) showed average or above average pragmatic language skills. More specifically, 60 (77,9) IES had below average, poor and very poor pragmatic language skills. Results on comparisons of two groups also revealed that students with typical development showed higher pragmatic language skills than inclusive education students with mild intellectual disability on total score and three subtest scores of the TV-PLSI. Suggestions were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey has been ruled by a secular and democratic government since 1923 under the name of 'the Republic of Turkey'. In this rarely examined culture, we tested the effects of political trust (PT), social values (SV), system justification (SJ) and social dominance orientation (SDO) on university students' intention of voting before the June 2015 election. Depending on the theory of planned behavior and the cognitive hierarchy model of human behavior, it is conceptualized that SV, SJ and SDO are placed higher in cognitive structure than PT, therefore PT would mediate the relations between those cognitions and the intention of voting. 284 university students completed the following questionnaires: PVQ-R, Political Trust, Social Dominance Orientation, and System Justification Scales, in addition to intention of voting, and demographics. Results show that conservation and social dominance orientation was positively related to the intention of voting for MHP and openness to change and system justification was positively related to intention of voting for AKP. When we tested the role of mediation for PT; we have found extensive evidence that, the relationships between SV (i.e. openness to change), SJ, and SDO and intention of voting for AKP and MHP were significantly mediated by PT. Ideological differences between and within left and right wing parties in Turkey were discussed to explain the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this study is to investigate the common errors of L2 learners in a Turkish university setting where they have to learn L2 and pass a B1 level exam in order to be faculty students. The study aims at identifying what types of errors the learners do, what the possible determining factors at the background are and how they can overcome these. The problem areas are analyzed within 17 English paragraphs of 17 Turkish students. As Corder (1974) suggested sample collection, error identification, error description, error explanation, and error evaluation are the steps followed in this study. So, first, the errors were identified; then, the errors were explained and analyzed. The analysis of the writings showed that errors commonly occurred in areas of lexis, grammar, syntax and were the results of the differences between L1 and L2. As a solution, error logs were used in order to have the learners be aware of the origins of the problem areas and after the error correction, drafting was done to reflect the improvements in their writings by trying to overcome the problem of L1 interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to determine the magnitude of the correlation between subjective estimates and objective measures of English competence among Turkish students in an Agean Region State university. The sample includes 210 participants (100 females and 110 males), whose average age was 20.99. Subjective estimates included overall levels of English proficiency and selfreported vocabulary and grammar knowledge. Objective measures encompassed participants' grades at the last English exam and their total scores on short English vocabulary and grammar tests. The main result included strong positive correlations between subjective and objective measures of English competence. Findings revealed greater English vocabulary knowledge compared to English grammar knowledge, greater grammar knowledge in females than in males, and negative correlations between participants' age and the subjective/objective measures of English proficiency. The directions and recommendations for future studies of the same topic can be summarized as follows. First, researchers should compare participants' results on subjective and objective measures of their English speaking and writing skills (pronunciation, spelling, etc.). Next, other researchers can compare subjective estimates of English proficiency with its objective measures in a sample of high school and university students (in order to investigate the impact of educational level on English competence). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study is to identify preschoolers' conceptual perceptions of states of matter, this issue that they often come across in their daily and social life. The study was designed as a qualitative case study. The population of the study was comprised of 25 preschoolers studying at two primary schools located in Kirikkale and Kirşehir, Turkey. The data were collected through the Science Concepts Perception Test (SCPT), which contained 10 semi-structured questions suitable for the level of preschoolers. The data were subject to content analysis, a qualitative method of data analysis, in order to identify how the students perceived science concepts.

The aim of this study is to determine the thoughts of Turkish and American middle school students on science and technology. One intact school was assigned randomly for this study from both countries. The sampling of the study contains 479 students (363 Turkish students, 116 American students) from two countries aged between 11 and 13. The data for the study were obtained by using ROSE Survey. The results of the study revealed similarities and dissimilarities on science and technology between the students of the two countries. The findings of the study are thought to improve the education of universal science and technology and to contribute to the researchers doing research on comparative education and cultural diversity and to the literature of international science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Turkish students attending Hauptschule, Realschule and Gymnasium in Bad Säckingen in the state of Baden Württemberg, Germany, in terms of using media tools. Of the qualitative data collecting tools, an interview method was applied in the research. In the context of this research, interviews were carried out with 13 students attending Hauptschule, 14 students at Realschule, and 8 students at Gymnasium, using semi-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers. The questions were prepared considering the media tools the students were using widely at the end of an observation lasting a whole year. The data acquired at the end of the student interviews was analysed using a content analysis method. The results showed a similarity in terms of the preferred media tools and the time the students spent on these media tools. It was concluded that there was a close similarity in the period students spent daily on television, on the internet, and on their mobile phones; the students attending Hauptschule and Realschule mostly preferred Turkish channels and programs, while the Gymnasium students did not in general make any distinction between the Turkish and German channels; what the students mostly preferred were TV series and game programs; students attending these three schools did not read newspapers and journals much, but sometimes books; the period spent on reading books was slightly higher in the Gymnasium students; and the students at all these three schools used the internet mostly for similar interests (such as for accessing social networks, watching and downloading videos/films, playing games, and obtaining information). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science education has changed in recent decades with respect to key issues faced in this century. These issues such as renewable energy, waste management, air quality, and biodiversity require dealing with the transition toward a sustainable future. Thus, to contribute to the reconceptualization of science education in a developing country, the present study aimed to assess (1) Turkish middle school students' environmentally responsible behaviors, nature relatedness (NR), and motive concerns and (2) the power of environmental motive concerns, and NR in predicting the related behaviors. Measuring tools covering the NR scale, the environmental motive concerns, and children's responsible environmental behavior scale were administered to middle school students in the Northern part of Turkey. The results indicated that these students reflected an external nature-related worldview. Regarding their behaviors, it was revealed that the students frequently engaged in some actions linked to physical and economic contribution to the environmental quality. However, they did not demonstrate any actions on political commitment although they were very concerned about the environmental issues. Examining the predictors of their responsible environmental behaviors, a linear combination of these attributes significantly contributed to explaining such behaviors. This study provided practical tips for science and sustainability educators in that children could be provided with some opportunities to get in touch with nature and appreciate the value of being in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of speech and thought presentation on the comprehension and appreciation of English prose fiction by Turkish students. A total of 42 students from the English Language Teaching Department of Çukurova University participated and submitted a questionnaire about their reading habits and self-image in terms of being good readers of Turkish and English literature. Additionally, the participants were presented three different tasks for six extracts (taken from five novels and one short story) in which their comprehension and appreciation were probed in relation to point of view and speech and thought presentation modes. The first task focused on the general understanding of the extract and its point of view; the second task asked the participants to identify whose point of view (perspective) was expressed in each sentence (27 sentences for each extract). The third task was comprised of 18 questions, the locus of which was on the comprehension and appreciation of the extracts. Additionally, the researcher interviewed 30 participants in order to clarify their written answers. The data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the results provide insights into how non-native speakers of English are affected by speech and thought presentation modes in English prose fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study was conducted to investigate the academic achievement and perceived peer support levels of 4th-8th grade Turkish elementary and middle school students at low socio-economic status. Factorial design analyses were used to test the statistical effects of gender and preschool education variables on the dependent variables. The findings indicated that while girls performed a higher general academic achievement in school courses than boys, the perceived peer support levels were similar for both groups. On the other hand, although no significant effect of preschool education was detected on academic achievement, students who had completed preschool education were found to have significantly higher perceived peer support scores than their peers. Similar to findings of studies from non-Western contexts, no significant relationship was found between the Turkish students' academic achievement and perceived peer support levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to establish the possible relationships between reading comprehension competence, reading attitude and the vividness of mental imagery among Turkish fourth-grade students. Participants were fourth grade students, selected using convenience sampling from two different public schools (n=103) in Bartin, Turkey. The research was designed as a correlational study to describe the degree to which two or more quantitative variables are related; this was achieved by using a correlation coefficient. The data gathering tools used in this study were (1): the Reading Comprehension Test (RCT), which was developed by the researcher and which includes both factual and inferential questions; (2) the Vividness of Imagery Questionnaire (VIQ), developed by Sheveland (1992); (3) the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS), developed by McKenna and Kear (1990). Multiple linear regressions were used for data analysis. The analysis revealed that reading attitude and vividness of mental imagery were significant predictors for students' reading comprehension competencies. In addition, the results indicated that approximately 14% of the variance in reading comprehension competence could be explained by reading attitude and vividness of mental imagery [R=.369, R2=.136, F(2-96)=7.578, p<.01]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkish students on average had lower scores than OECD countries on mathematics, science, and reading at international assessment programs. As PISA measures the extent to which 15-year-old students are prepared to handle the challenges they may encounter in their future lives, and evaluates students' ability to reflect and to apply their knowledge and experience to real-life situations, low scores on this assessment should be investigated carefully. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore the relationships between new literacy skills, reading, mathematics, and science performance of Turkish students. The results showed that new literacy skills measured in PISA had two dimensional structure including at and outside of school new literacy skills. These new literacy skills were shown to predict reading performance significantly, at school negatively and outside of school positively. It was also shown that reading performance and new literacy skills were effective in the prediction of both mathematics and science performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to determine the factors affecting the mathematics achievement of students in Turkey based on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012 and the correct classification ratio of the established model. The study used mathematics achievement as a dependent variable while sex, having a study room, preparation for mathematics exams, completing homework on time, interest in mathematics, enjoying mathematics and enjoying reading about mathematics were used as independent variables. The studysample consisted of 4478 students participating in PISA 2012. Probit regression analysis was used to analyse the data. According to the findings, it was determined that there was a positive interaction between the dependent variable and all the independent variables except regularly completing homeworkand that the correct classification ratio of the model was 58 (44%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the adaptation and self perception level differences between the Turkish students who had been and not been in a foreign country. A total of 299 students, attending three different Anatolian high schools, participated in the study. Three groups of students were compared; the first group had come from abroad within a year, the second group had come more than a year ago and the third group had not been in a foreign country. The results demonstrated that there were no differences between the group's Total, Social Adjustment Subscale and Academic Adjustment Subscale scores. The exception for this were the fırst group, who scored lower on School Adaptation Subscale of the Adjustment Scale than those of the other two groups. Additionally, It was found that the third group scored higher on only one of the six sub-scales of the Piers-Harris' Self Concept Scale, namely the Cognitive and Academic Performance Subscale from the other two groups

The purpose of this empirical study is to determine how and to what extent the use of animations impacts auditory acquisition, one of the key learning fields in 6th grade grammar, as measured by students' academic success and completion rates. By using a pre-test and post-test design, this emrical study randomly divided a group of Turkish 6th graders into an experimental and a control group, who were taught the same standard lessons (as set forth in the Turkish annual lesson plan) by the same teacher for a period of 10 weeks. In addition to the standard lessons, the experimental group was also shown animations. The results revealed that phonetics performance improved for both the experimental and the control group, but that the group who had been shown the animations improved much more than the group who had been instructed via traditional methods only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la disponibilidad léxica de los estudiantes preuniversitarios turcos de español como lengua extranjera, así como analizar los resultados obtenidos con variables sociolingüísticas: sexo, nivel sociocultural, tipo de centro escolar y lengua materna. Este análisis es imprescindible ya que se ha de tener un conocimiento exhaustivo de las características sociolingüísticas del alumnado para un correcto proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. También se deben tener en cuenta dos variables de corte puramente lingüísticas que son el número de lenguas conocidas y el nivel de español, variables indispensables en los estudios de la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera.

Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated empirical evidence for construct validity of the TIMSS 2011 Mathematics test by using sample of fourth and eighth grade Turkish students (n=4091). The purpose of this study was to analyze construct validity of the TIMSS 2011 mathematics test by using Turkish students' data. A confirmatory factor analysis model was formed with using cognitive domain definitions for each mathematics items presented by TIMSS assessment framework. In this three-factor model, observed variables (items) were associated to three latent variables (mathematics cognitive domain), namely knowing, applying and reasoning. Fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis, conducted by LISREL, showed mixed results. For eighth grade booklets, the proposed model was supported by the data, however, for fourth grade booklets the proposed model was not supported completely. Besides, seven of the items were found to be correlated with other cognitive domains than with the defined one. Evaluation of these items showed that four of them were problematic. These results showed that for the eighth grade, the mathematics cognitive domain defined by TIMSS also works for the Turkish sample and that a scale score for each cognitive domain could be used confidently. However, for the fourth grade, a scale score for each cognitive domain should be used with caution for Turkish students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose -- The literature shows economics students to be more market oriented than students from other disciplines. A major shortcoming of this work, however, is that it is based on research carried out in the west. The purpose of this paper is to examine the attitudes of Turkish economics students' towards markets. Design/methodology/approach -- The study reported here uses a survey developed by Lephard and Breeden to investigate students' attitudes towards markets. The survey consists of 11 market-positive statements and 11 market-negative statements. Participants were asked to indicate their level of agreement with each statement, placed at between 0 and 100 per cent and classified into 11 categories. The survey was administered to economics, physics and mathematics students from different universities. Then, responses of economics students and others are compared. Findings -- The results show that Turkish students are less market friendly than their western counterparts. Contrary to the findings of other studies, in Turkey studying economics is found to have no effect on attitudes in this respect. Originality/value -- First, almost all of the other studies in this realm are all based on surveys carried out in the west. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study for other parts of the world. Second, results show that Turkish economics students are less market friendly than their western counterparts, and that studying economics has no significant effect on this. These results are surprising and contrary to the consensus in the literature. JEL Classifications -- A1, A2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study is to identify preschoolers' conceptual perceptions of states of matter, this issue that they often come across in their daily and social life. The study was designed as a qualitative case study. The population of the study was comprised of 25 preschoolers studying at two primary schools located in Kirikkale and Kirçehir, Turkey. The data were collected through the Science Concepts Perception Test (SCPT), which contained 10 semi-structured questions suitable for the level of preschoolers. The data were subject to content analysis, a qualitative method of data analysis, in order to identify how the students perceived science concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]