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1. The ASTRI Mini-Array of Cherenkov Telescopes at the Observatorio del Teide

Author

S., Scuderi, A., Giuliani, G., Pareschi, G., Tosti, O., Catalano, E., Amato, A., Antonelli L., J., Becerra Gonzáles, G., Bellassai, Bigongiari, B., Biondo, M., Böttcher, G., Bonanno, G., Bonnoli, P., Bruno, A., Bulgarelli, R., Canestrari, M., Capalbi, P., Caraveo, M., Cardillo, V., Conforti, G., Contino, M., Corpora, A., Costa, G., Cusumano, A., D'Aí, E., de Gouveia Dal Pino, R., Della Ceca, D., Escribano Rodriguez E. Falceta Gonçalves, C., Fermino, M., Fiori, V., Fioretti, M., Fiorini, S., Gallozzi, C., Gargano, S., Garozzo, S., Germani, A., Ghedina, F., Gianotti, S., Giarrusso, R., Gimenes, V., Giordano, A., Grillo, C., Grivel Gelly, D., Impiombato, F., Incardona, S., Incorvaia, S., Iovenitti, A., La Barbera, N., La Palombara, V., La Parola, A., Lamastra, L., Lessio, G., Leto, F., Lo Gerfo, M., Lodi, S., Lombardi, F., Longo, F., Lucarelli, C., Maccarone M., D., Marano, E., Martinetti, S., Mereghetti, A., Micciché, R., Millul, T., Mineo, D., Mollica, G., Morlino, A., Morselli, G., Naletto, G., Nicotra, A., Pagliaro, N., Parmiggiani, G., Piano, F., Pintore, E., Poretti, B., Olmi, G., Rodeghiero, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, P., Romano, G., Romeo, F., Russo, P., Sangiorgi, G., Saturni F., H., Schwarz J., Sciacca, G., Sironi, G., Sottile, A., Stamerra, G., Tagliaferri, V., Testa, G., Umana, M., Uslenghi, S., Vercellone, L., Zampieri, and R, Zanmar Sanchez

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The ASTRI Mini-Array (MA) is an INAF project to build and operate a facility to study astronomical sources emitting at very high-energy in the TeV spectral band. The ASTRI MA consists of a group of nine innovative Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The telescopes will be installed at the Teide Astronomical Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) on the basis of a host agreement with INAF. Thanks to its expected overall performance, better than those of current Cherenkov telescopes' arrays for energies above \sim 5 TeV and up to 100 TeV and beyond, the ASTRI MA will represent an important instrument to perform deep observations of the Galactic and extra-Galactic sky at these energies., Comment: 19 pages, 22 figures

Published
2022
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2. Cherenkov Telescope Array : the World’s largest VHE gamma-ray observatory

Author

Roberta Zanin, H. Abdalla, H. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abusleme, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, V. Acin Portella, K. Ackley, R. Adam, C. Adams, S.S. Adhikari, I. Aguado Ruesga, I. Agudo, R. Aguilera, A. Aguirre Santaella, F. Aharonian, A. Alberdi, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.P. Amans, L. Amati, E. Amato, L. Ambrogi, G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, R. Ammendola, J. Anderson, M. Anduze, E.O. Anguner, L.A. Antonelli, V. Antonuccio, P. Antoranz, R. Anutarawiramkul, J. Aragunde Gutierrez, C. Aramo, A. Araudo, M. Araya, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, V. Arendt, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, L. Arrabito, B. Arsioli, M. Artero, K. Asano, Y. Ascasibar, J. Aschersleben, M. Ashley, P. Attina, P. Aubert, C. B. Singh, D. Baack, A. Babic, M. Backes, V. Baena, S. Bajtlik, A. Baktash, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, O. Ballester, J. Ballet, B. Balmaverde, A. Bamba, R. Bandiera, A. Baquero Larriva, P. Barai, C. Barbier, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, P.I. Batista, I. Batkovic, C. Bauer, R. Bautista González, J. Baxter, U. Becciani, J. Becerra González, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, J. Becker Tjus, W. Bednarek, A. Belfiore, L. Bellizzi, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, D. Berge, E. Bernardini, M.I. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, N. Bhatt, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Y. Bi, G. Bicknell, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, M. Blank, J. Blazek, J. Bobin, C. Boccato, F. Bocchino, C. Boehm, M. Bohacova, C. Boisson, J. Boix, J.P. Bolle, J. Bolmont, G. Bonanno, C. Bonavolontà, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, J. Borkowski, R. Bose, D. Bose, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, Markus Böttcher, M.T. Botticella, C. Boutonnet, F. Bouyjou, V. Bozhilov, E. Bozzo, L. Brahimi, C. Braiding, S. Brau Nogue, S. Breen, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, A. Brill, W. Brisken, E. Brocato, A.M. Brown, K. Brügge, P. Brun, F. Brun, L. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, P. Bruno, A. Bruno, A. Bruzzese, N. Bucciantini, J. H. Buckley, R. Bühler, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, M. Bünning, M. Bunse, M. Burton, A. Burtovoi, M. Buscemi, S. Buschjager, G. Busetto, J. Buss, K. Byrum, A. Caccianiga, F. Cadoux, A. Calanducci, C. Calderon, J. Calvo Tovar, R. A. Cameron, P. Campana, R. Canestrari, F. Cangemi, B. Cantlay, M. Capalbi, M. Capasso, M. Cappi, A. Caproni, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Caraveo, V. Cárdenas, L. Cardiel, M. Cardillo, C. Carlile, S. Caroff, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, E. Carquin, M. Carrere, J.M. Casandjian, S. Casanova, F. Cassol, F. Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, A. Ceccanti, C. Celestino Silva, K. Cerny, M. Cerruti, E. Chabanne, P. Chadwick, Y. Chai, P. Chambery, C. Champion, S. Chaty, A. Chen, K. Cheng, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, V.R. Chitnis, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, S. Cikota, A. Circiello, P. Clark, M. Colak, E. Colombo, S. Colonges, A. Comastri, A. Compagnino, V. Conforti, E. Congiu, R. Coniglione, J. Conrad, F. Conte, J.L. Contreras, P. Coppi, R. Cornat, J. Coronado Blazquez, J. Cortina, A. Costa, H. Costantini, G. Cotter, B. Courty, S. Covino, S. Crestan, P. Cristofari, R. Crocker, J. Croston, K. Cubuk, O. Cuevas, X. Cui, G. Cusumano, S. Cutini, G. D'Amico, F. D'Ammando, P. D'Avanzo, P. Da Vela, M. Dadina, S. Dai, M. Dalchenko, M. Dall'Ora, M.K. Daniel, J. Dauguet, I. Davids, J. Davies, B. Dawson, A. De Angelis, A.E. de Araujo Carvalho, M. de Bony de Lavergne, G. De Cesare, F. de Frondat, I. de la Calle, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, A. De Luca, D. De Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, F. De Palma Persio, N. De Simone, V. de Souza Valle, E. Delagnes, G. Deleglise Reznicek, C. Delgado, A.G. Delgado Giler, J. Delgado Mengual Valle, Domenico Della Volpe, D. Depaoli, J. Devin, T. Di Girolamo, C. Di Giulio Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, C. Dib, S. Diebold, S. Digel, A. Djannati Atai, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Docher, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, J.L. Dournaux, T. Downes, G. Drake, H. Drass, D. Dravins, C. Duangchan, A. Duara, G. Dubus, L. Ducci, C. Duffy, D. Dumora, K. Dundas Mora, A. Durkalec, V.V. Dwarkadas, J. Ebr, C. Eckner, J. Eder, E. Edy, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, C. Eleftheriadis, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, D. Emmanoulopoulos, J.P. Ernenwein, M. Errando, P. Escarate, J. Escudero, C. Espinoza, S. Ettori, A. Eungwanichayapant, P. Evans, C. Evoli, M. Fairbairn, D. Falceta Goncalves, A. Falcone, V. Fallah Ramazanı, R. Falomo, K. Farakos, G. Fasola, A. Fattorini, Y. Favre, R. Fedora, E. Fedorova, K. Feijen, Q. Feng, G. Ferrand, G. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, M. Fesquet, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, M. Filipovic, D. Fink, J.P. Finley, V. Fioretti, D.F.G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, S. Flis, H. Flores, L. Foffano, C. Fohr, M.V. Fonseca, L. Font, G. Fontaine, O. Fornieri, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, N. Fouque, B. Fraga, A. Franceschini, F.J. Franco, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fresnillo, D. Fugazza, Y. Fujita, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, D. Fulla, S. Funk, A. Furniss, S. Gabici, D. Gaggero, G. Galanti, P. Galdemard, Y. A. Gallant, D. Galloway, S. Gallozzi, V. Gammaldi, R. Garcia, L. E. García-Muñoz, E. Garcia Lopez, F. Gargano, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, D. Gascon, T. Gasparetto, D. Gasparrini, H. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Geffroy, A. Gent, S. Germani, A. Ghalumyan, A. Ghedina, G. Ghirlanda, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, V. Gika, F. Gillardo, R. Gimenes, F. Giordano, E. Giro, M. Giroletti, Andrea Giuliani, M. Gjaja, J.F. Glicenstein, P. Gliwny, H. Goksu, P. Goldoni, J.L. Gomez, M.M. Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, K.S. Gothe, D. Gotz Coelho, T. Grabarczyk, R. Graciani, P. Grandi, G. Grasseau, D. Grasso, D. Green, J. Green, T. Greenshaw, P. Grespan, A. Grillo, M.H. Grondin, J. Grube, V. Guarino, B. Guest, O. Gueta, M. Günduz, S. Gunji, G. Gyuk, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, L. Hagge, A. Hahn, J.E. Hajlaoui, A. Halim, P. Hamal, W. Hanlon, Y. Harada, M.J. Hardcastle, M. Harvey Collado, T. Haubold, A. Haupt, M. Havelka, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, H. He, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, F. Henault, Gilles Henri, G. Hermann, S. Hernández Cadena, J. Herrera Llorente, O. Hervet, J. Hinton, A. Hiramatsu, K. Hirotani, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, J.K. Hoang, D. H.H. Hoffmann, C. Hoischen, J. Holder, M. Holler, B. Hona, D. Horan, Dieter Horns, P. Horvath, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, Y. Huang, J.‑M. Huet, G. Hughes, G. Hull, T.B. Humensky, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, J.M. Illa, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, F. Incardona, A. Ingallinera, S. Inoue, T. Inoue, Y. Inoue, F. Iocco, K. Ioka, M. Ionica, S. Iovenitti, A. Iriarte, K. Ishio, W. Ishizaki, Y. Iwamura, J. Jacquemier, M. Jacquemont, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, F. Jankowsky, A. JardinBlicq, C. Jarnot, P. Jean Martínez, L. Jocou, N. Jordana, M. Josselin, I. JungRichardt, F.J.P.A. Junqueira, C. Juramy Gilles, P. Kaaret, L.H.S. Kadowaki, M. Kagaya, R. Kankanyan, D. Kantzas, V. Karas, A. Karastergiou, S. Karkar, J. Kasperek, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, K. Katarzynski, S. Katsuda, N. Kawanaka, D. Kazanas, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M.C. Kherlakian, T.P. Kian, D.B. Kieda, T. Kihm, S. Kim, S. Kisaka, R. Kissmann, R. Kleijwegt, G. Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, A. Kobakhidze, Y. Kobayashi, B. Koch, J. Kocot, K. Kohri, N. Komin, A. Kong, K. Kosack, F. Krack, M. Krause, F. Krennrich, H. Kubo, V. N. Kudryavtsev, S. Kunwar, J. Kushida, P. Kushwaha, Barbera Parola, G. La Rosa, R. Lahmann, A. Lamastra, M. Landoni, D. Landriu, R.G. Lang, J. Lapington, P. Laporte, P. Lason, J. Lasuik, J. Lazendic Galloway, T. Le Flour, P. Le Sidaner, S. Leach, S.H. Lee, W.H. Lee, S. Lee Oliveira, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leone, V. Leray, G. Leto, F. Leuschner, R. Lindemann, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, I. Liodakis, A. Lipniacka, M. Lobo, Thomas Lohse, S. Lombardi, A. Lopez, M. Lopez, R. Lopez Coto, F. Louis, M. Louys, F. Lucarelli, H. Ludwig Boudi, P.L. Luque Escamilla, M.C. Maccarone, E. Mach, A.J. Maciejewski, J. Mackey, P. Maeght, C. Maggio, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, R. Malta Nunes de Almeida, D. Malyshev, D. Mandat, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, P. Manigot, K. Mannheim, N. Maragos, D. Marano, M. Marconi, A. Marcowith, M. Marculewicz, B. Marcun, J. Marin, N. Marinello, P. Marinos, S. Markoff, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. M. Martin, P. G. Martin, M. Martinez, G. Martinez, O. Martinez, H. Martinez Huerta, C. Marty, R. Marx, N. Masetti, P. Massimino, H. Matsumoto, N. Matthews, G. Maurin, W. Max Moerbeck, N. Maxted, M.N. Mazziotta, S.M. Mazzola, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, L. Mc Comb, I. McHardy, S. McKeague, S. McMuldroch, E. Medina, D. Medina Miranda, A. Melandri, C. Melioli, D. Melkumyan, S. Menchiari, S. Mereghetti, G. Merino Arevalo, E. Mestre, J.L. Meunier, T. Meures, S. Micanovic, M. Miceli, M. Michailidis, J. Michalowski, T. Miener, I. Mievre, J. D. Miller, T. Mineo, M. Minev, J.M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, T. Mizuno, B. A. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molinari, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, C. Moore, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende Parrilla, E. Moretti, K. Mori, P. Moriarty, K. Morik, P. Morris, A. Morselli, K. Mosshammer, R. Mukherjee, J. Muller, C. Mundell, J. Mundet, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, H. Muraishi, I. Musella, A. Musumarra, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, K. Nakashima, K. Nakayama, N. Nakhjiri, G. Naletto, D. Naumann, L. Nava, M.A. Nawaz, H. Ndiyavala, D. Neise, L. Nellen, R. Nemmen, N. Neyroud, K. Ngernphat, T. Nguyen Trung, L. Nicastro, L. Nickel, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, C. Nigro, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Noda, Y. Nogami, S. Nolan, R. P. Norris, D. Nosek, M. Nöthe, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, F. Nunio, P. O'Brien, K. Obara, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, C. Oliver, G. Olivera, B. Olmi, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, E. Orlando, J.P. Osborne, M. Ostrowski, N. Otte, E. Ovcharov, E. Owen, I. Oya, A. Ozieblo, M. Padovani, A. Pagliaro, A. Paizis, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, E. Palazzi, J.‑L. Panazol, D. Paneque, S. Panny, Francesca Romana Pantaleo, M. Panter, M. Paolillo, A. Papitto, A. Paravac, J.M. Paredes, G. Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R.D. Parsons, P. Paśko, S. R. Patel, B. Patricelli, L. Pavletic, S. Pavy, A. Peer, M. Pecimotika, M.G. Pellegriti, P. Peñil Del Campo, A. Pepato, S. Perard, C. Perennes, M. Peresano, A. Perez Aguilera, J. Perez Romero, M.A. Perez Torres, M. Persic, P. O. Petrucci, O. Petruk, B. Peyaud, K. Pfrang, E. Pian, P. Piatteli, E. Pietropaolo, R. Pillera, D. Pimentel, F. Pintore, C. Pio Garcia, G. Pirola, F. Piron, S. Pita, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Pollo, M. Polo, C. Pongkitivanichkul, J. Porthault, J. Powell, D. Pozo, R.R. Prado, E. Prandini, J. Prast, K. Pressard, G. Principe, N. Produit, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, H. Przybilski, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, I. Puljak, M.L. Pumo, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, J. Quinn, A. Quirrenbach, P.J. Rajda, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, S. Recchia, P. Reichherzer, O. Reimer, A. Reisenegger, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, B. Reville, J.M. Reymond, J. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribo, G. Richards, J. Rico, F. Rieger, L. Riitano, M. Riquelme, D. Riquelme, S. Rivoire, V. Rizi, E. Roache, M. Roche, J. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, J.J. Rodriguez Vazquez, G. Rojas, P. Romano, G. Romeo Lobato, C. Romoli, M. Roncadelli, J. Rosado, A. Rosales de Leon, G. Rowell, A. Rugliancich, J.E. Ruiz del Mazo, C. Rulten, C. Russell, F. Russo Hatlen, S. Safi Harb, L. Saha, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, T. Saito, N. Sakaki, S. Sakurai, G. Salina, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, H. Sandaker, A. Sandoval, P. Sangiorgi, M. Sanguillon, H. Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos Lima, A. Sanuy, L. Sapozhnikov, T. Saric, S. Sarkar, H. Sasaki, N. Sasaki, Y. Sato, F.G. Saturni, M. Sawada, J. Schaefer, A. Scherer, J. Scherpenberg, P. Schipani, B. Schleicher, J. Schmoll, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schussler, B. Schwab, U. Schwanke, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, S. Scuderi, M. Seglar Arroyo, I. Seitenzahl, D. Semikoz, O. Sergijenko, J.E. Serna Franco, Karol Seweryn, V. Sguera, A. Shalchi, R.Y. Shang, P. Sharma, L. Sidoli, J. Sieiro, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpaa, B.B. Singh, K.K. Singh, A. Sinha, C. Siqueira, J. Sitarek, P. Sizun, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, R.W. Sobrinho, H. Sol, G. Sottile, H. Spackman, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, D. Spiga, W. Springer, A. Stamerra, S. Stanic, R. Starling, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Stefanik, C. Stegmann, A. Steiner, S. Steinmassl, C. Stella, R. Sternberger, M. Sterzel, C. Stevens, B. Stevenson, T. Stolarczyk, G. Stratta, U. Straumann, J. Striskovic, M. Strzys, R. Stuik, M. Suchenek, Y. Sunada, Tiina Suomijarvi, T. Suric, H. Suzuki, P. Swierk, T. Szepieniec, K. Tachihara, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, N. Tajima, D. Tak, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, T. Tam, M. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, M. Tavani, F. Tavecchio, T. Tavernier, A. Russ Taylor, L.A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, J.C. Terrazas, R. Terrier, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, D. Thibaut, F. Thocquenne, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, A. Tiengo, M. Tluczykont, C.J. Todero Peixoto, K. Toma, L. Tomankova, J. Tomastik, M. Tornikoski, D.F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, L. Tosti, N. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, C. Trichard, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, S. Truzzi, A. Tsiahina, B. Turk, A. Tutone, Y. Uchiyama, P. Utayarat, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, V. Vagelli, F. Vagnetti, J.A. Valdivia, M. Valentino, A. Valio, B. Vallage, P. Vallania Quispe, A.M. van den Berg, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vasileiadis, V. Vassiliev, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, A. Vega, J. Veh, P. Veitch, C. Venter, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, V. Verguilov, G. Verna, S. Vernetto, V. Verzi, G.P. Vettolani, C. Veyssiere, I. Viale, A. Viana, N. Viaux, J. Vignatti, C.F. Vigorito, J. Villanueva, V. Vitale, V. Vittorini, V. Vodeb, N. Vogel, V. Voisin, S. Vorobiov, M. Vrastil, T. Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, P. Wagner, K. Wakazono, S.P. Wakely, M. Ward, D. Warren, J. Watson, M. Wechakama, P. Wegner, A. Weinstein, C. Weniger, F. Werner, H. Wetteskind, M. L. White, A. Wierzcholska, S. Wiesand, R. Wijers, M. Wilkinson, M. Will, J. Williams, T. J. Williamson, A. Wolter, Y.W. Wong, M. Wood, T. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, R. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, L. Yang, S. Yoo, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, P. Yu, A. Yusafzai, Michael Zacharias, B. Zaldivar, L. Zampieri, R. Zanin, R. Zanmar Sanchez, D. Zaric, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, Andrzej Zdziarski, A. Zech, H. Zechlin, A. Zenin, A. Zerwekh, K. Ziętara, A. Zink, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zivec, A. Zmija, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie CTA Observatory, CTA Consortium i LST Collaboration w liczbie 1139, Astronomy, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
Physics, Observatory, Gamma ray, Astronomy
Abstract

Very-high Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astroparticle physics is a relatively young field, and observations over the past decade have surprisingly revealed almost two hundred VHE emitters which appear to act as cosmic particle accelerators. These sources are an important component of the Universe, influencing the evolution of stars and galaxies. At the same time, they also act as a probe of physics in the most extreme environments known - such as in supernova explosions, and around or after the merging of black holes and neutron stars. However, the existing experiments have provided exciting glimpses, but often falling short of supplying the full answer. A deeper understanding of the TeV sky requires a significant improvement in sensitivity at TeV energies, a wider energy coverage from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and a much better angular and energy resolution with respect to the currently running facilities. The next generation gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), is the answer to this need. In this talk I will present this upcoming observatory from its design to the construction, and its potential science exploitation. CTAO will allow the entire astronomical community to explore a new discovery space that will likely lead to paradigm-changing breakthroughs. In particular, CTA has an unprecedented sensitivity to short (sub-minute) timescale phenomena, placing it as a key instrument in the future of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength time domain astronomy. I will conclude the talk presenting the first scientific results obtained by the LST-1, the prototype of one CTAO telescope type - the Large-Sized Telescope, that is currently under commission., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)

Published
2022

3. First detection of the Crab Nebula at TeV energies with a Cherenkov telescope in dual-mirror Schwarzschild-Couder configuration: the ASTRI-Horn telescope

Author

S. Lombardi, O. Catalano, S. Scuderi, L. A. Antonelli, G. Pareschi, E. Antolini, L. Arrabito, G. Bellassai, K. Bernlöhr, C. Bigongiari, B. Biondo, G. Bonanno, G. Bonnoli, G. M. Böttcher, J. Bregeon, P. Bruno, R. Canestrari, M. Capalbi, P. Caraveo, P. Conconi, V. Conforti, G. Contino, G. Cusumano, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, A. Distefano, G. Farisato, C. Fermino, M. Fiorini, A. Frigo, S. Gallozzi, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, R. Gimenes, E. Giro, A. Grillo, D. Impiombato, S. Incorvaia, N. La Palombara, V. La Parola, G. La Rosa, G. Leto, F. Lucarelli, M. C. Maccarone, D. Marano, E. Martinetti, A. Miccichè, R. Millul, T. Mineo, G. Nicotra, G. Occhipinti, I. Pagano, M. Perri, G. Romeo, F. Russo, B. Sacco, P. Sangiorgi, F. G. Saturni, A. Segreto, G. Sironi, G. Sottile, A. Stamerra, L. Stringhetti, G. Tagliaferri, M. Tavani, V. Testa, M. C. Timpanaro, G. Toso, G. Tosti, M. Trifoglio, G. Umana, S. Vercellone, R. Zanmar Sanchez, C. Arcaro, A. Bulgarelli, M. Cardillo, E. Cascone, A. Costa, A. D’Aì, F. D’Ammando, M. Del Santo, V. Fioretti, A. Lamastra, S. Mereghetti, F. Pintore, G. Rodeghiero, P. Romano, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, F. R. Vitello, A. Wolter, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus, ITA, USA, FRA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array, reflection: efficiency, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, energy: threshold, Observatory, law, hardware, Cherenkov, data analysis [Methods], mirror, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, electronics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Schwarzschild, observatory, Cardinal point, supernovae: individual: Crab Nebula, gamma ray: emission, techniques: miscellaneous, individual: Crab Nebula [Supernovae], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, technique: miscellaneous, Astrophysics and Astronomy, gamma rays: general, telescopes, methods: data analysis, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [Gamma rays], miscellaneous [Techniques], FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), programming, VHE, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, detector: pixel, photomultiplier: silicon, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, calibration, supernovae: individual (Crab Nebula), Crab Nebula, Cherenkov counter, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical, Telescopes, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We report on the first detection of very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula by a Cherenkov telescope in dual-mirror Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) configuration. The result has been achieved by means of the 4 m size ASTRI-Horn telescope, operated on Mt. Etna (Italy) and developed in the context of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory preparatory phase. The dual-mirror SC design is aplanatic and characterized by a small plate scale, allowing us to implement large field of view cameras with small-size pixel sensors and a high compactness. The curved focal plane of the ASTRI camera is covered by silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs), managed by an unconventional front-end electronics based on a customized peak-sensing detector mode. The system includes internal and external calibration systems, hardware and software for control and acquisition, and the complete data archiving and processing chain. The observations of the Crab Nebula were carried out in December 2018, during the telescope verification phase, for a total observation time (after data selection) of 24.4 h, equally divided into on- and off-axis source exposure. The camera system was still under commissioning and its functionality was not yet completely exploited. Furthermore, due to recent eruptions of the Etna Volcano, the mirror reflection efficiency was reduced. Nevertheless, the observations led to the detection of the source with a statistical significance of 5.4 sigma above an energy threshold of ~3 TeV. This result provides an important step towards the use of dual-mirror systems in Cherenkov gamma-ray astronomy. A pathfinder mini-array based on nine large field-of-view ASTRI-like telescopes is under implementation., 6 pages, 2 figures

Published
2020

4. Swift observations of the prompt X-ray emission and afterglow from GRB050126 and GRB050219A

Author

M. R. Goad, G. Tagliaferri, K. L. Page, A. Moretti, J. P. Osborne, S. Kobayashi, P. Kumar, P. I. Mészáros, G. Chincarini, T. Sakamoto, B. Zhang, S. D. Barthelmy, A. P. Beardmore, D. N. Burrows, S. Campana, M. Capalbi, L. Cominsky, G. Cusumano, N. Gehrels, P. Giommi, O. Godet, J. E. Hill, J. A. Kennea, H. Krimm, V. La Parola, V. Mangano, T. Mineo, D. C. Morris, K. Mukerjee, J. A. Nousek, P. T. O'Brien, C. Pagani, M. Perri, P. Romano, and A. A. Wells

Subjects
Physics, Spectral index, Jet (fluid), Photon, Shock (fluid dynamics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Afterglow, Space and Planetary Science, Angular diameter, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

We report on the temporal and spectral characteristics of the early X-ray emission from the Gamma Ray Bursts GRB050126 and GRB050219A as observed by Swift. The X-ray light-curves of these 2 bursts both show remarkably steep early decays (F(t)\propto t^{-3}), breaking to flatter slopes on timescales of a few hundred seconds. For GRB050126 the burst shows no evidence of spectral evolution in the 20-150 keV band, and the spectral index of the gamma-ray and X-ray afterglows are significantly different suggesting a separate origin. By contrast the BAT spectrum of GRB050219A displays significant spectral evolution, becoming softer at later times, with Gamma evolving toward the XRT photon index seen in the early X-ray afterglow phase. For both bursts, the 0.2-10 keV spectral index pre- and post-break in the X-ray decay light-curve are consistent with no spectral evolution. We suggest that the steep early decline in the X-ray decay light-curve is either the curvature tail of the prompt emission; X-ray flaring activity; or external forward shock emission from a jet with high density regions of small angular size (> Gamma^{-1}). The late slope we associate with the forward external shock., 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2006

5. SwiftPanchromatic Observations of the Bright Gamma‐Ray Burst GRB 050525a

Author

A. J. Blustin, D. Band, S. Barthelmy, P. Boyd, M. Capalbi, S. T. Holland, F. E. Marshall, K. O. Mason, M. Perri, T. Poole, P. Roming, S. Rosen, P. Schady, M. Still, B. Zhang, L. Angelini, L. Barbier, A. Beardmore, A. Breeveld, D. N. Burrows, J. R. Cummings, J. Canizzo, S. Campana, M. M. Chester, G. Chincarini, L. R. Cominsky, A. Cucchiara, M. de Pasquale, E. E. Fenimore, N. Gehrels, P. Giommi, M. Goad, C. Gronwall, D. Grupe, J. E. Hill, D. Hinshaw, S. Hunsberger, K. C. Hurley, M. Ivanushkina, J. A. Kennea, H. A. Krimm, P. Kumar, W. Landsman, V. La Parola, C. B. Markwardt, K. McGowan, P. Meszaros, T. Mineo, A. Moretti, A. Morgan, J. Nousek, P. T. O’Brien, J. P. Osborne, K. Page, M. J. Page, D. M. Palmer, A. M. Parsons, J. Rhoads, P. Romano, T. Sakamoto, G. Sato, G. Tagliaferri, J. Tueller, A. A. Wells, and N. E. White

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Power law, Redshift, Afterglow, Interstellar medium, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

The bright gamma-ray burst GRB050525a has been detected with the Swift observatory, providing unique multiwavelength coverage from the very earliest phases of the burst. The X-ray and optical/UV afterglow decay light curves both exhibit a steeper slope ~0.15 days after the burst, indicative of a jet break. This jet break time combined with the total gamma-ray energy of the burst constrains the opening angle of the jet to be 3.2 degrees. We derive an empirical `time-lag' redshift from the BAT data of z_hat = 0.69 +/- 0.02, in good agreement with the spectroscopic redshift of 0.61. Prior to the jet break, the X-ray data can be modelled by a simple power law with index alpha = -1.2. However after 300 s the X-ray flux brightens by about 30% compared to the power-law fit. The optical/UV data have a more complex decay, with evidence of a rapidly falling reverse shock component that dominates in the first minute or so, giving way to a flatter forward shock component at later times. The multiwavelength X-ray/UV/Optical spectrum of the afterglow shows evidence for migration of the electron cooling frequency through the optical range within 25000 s. The measured temporal decay and spectral indices in the X-ray and optical/UV regimes compare favourably with the standard fireball model for Gamma-ray bursts assuming expansion into a constant density interstellar medium., Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures, referee comments implemented, typo corrected in author list, accepted by ApJ

Published
2006

7. EDGE: explorer of diffuse emission and gamma-ray burst explosionsProceedings of SPIE

Author

J. W. den Herder, L. Piro, T. Ohashi, L. Amati, J. Atteia, S. Barthelmy, M. Barbera, D. Barret, S. Basso, M. Boer, O. Boyarskiy, E. Branchini, G. Branduardi Raymont, M. Briggs, G. Brunetti, C. Budtz Jorgensenf, D. Burrows, S. Campana, E. Caroli, G. Chincarini, F. Christensen, M. Cocchi, A. Comastri, A. Corsi, V. Cotroneo, P. Conconi, L. Colasanti, G. Cusamano, A. de Rosa, M. Del Santo, S. Ettori, Y. Ezoe, L. Ferrari, M. Feroci, M. Finger, G. Fishman, R. Fujimoto, M. Galeazzi, A. Galli, F. Gatti, N. Gehrels, B. Gendre, G. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, P. Giommi, L. Guzzo, F. Haardt, I. Hepburn, W. Hermsen, H. Hoevers, A. Holland, J. In't Zand, Y. Ishisaki, H. Kawahara, N. Kawai, J. Kaastra, M. Kippen, P. A. J. de Korte, C. Kouveliotou, A. Kusenko, C. Labanti, R. Lieu, C. Macculi, K. Makishima, G. Matt, P. Mazotta, D. McCammon, M. Mendez, T. Mineo, S. Mitchell, K. Mitsuda, S. Molendi, L. Moscardini, R. Mushotzky, L. Natalucci, F. Nicastro, P. O'Brien, J. Osborne, F. Paerels, M. Page, S. Paltani, G. Pareschi, E. Perinati, C. Perola, T. Ponman, A. Rasmussen, M. Roncarelli, P. Rosati, O. Ruchayskiy, E. Quadrini, I. Sakurai, R. Salvaterra, S. Sasaki, G. Sato, J. Schaye, J. Schmidtt, S. Scioritino, M. Shaposhnikov, K. Shinozaki, D. Spiga, Y. Suto, G. Tagliaferri, T. Takahashi, Y. Takei, Y. Tawara, P. Tozzi, H. Tsunemi, T. Tsuru, P. Ubertini, E. Ursino, M. Viel, J. Vink, N. White, R. Willingale, R. Wijers, K. Yoshikawa, N. Yamasaki, BORGANI, STEFANO, GIRARDI, MARISA, O'Dell, Stephen L., Pareschi, Giovanni, J. W., den Herder, L., Piro, T., Ohashi, L., Amati, J., Atteia, S., Barthelmy, M., Barbera, D., Barret, S., Basso, M., Boer, Borgani, Stefano, O., Boyarskiy, E., Branchini, G., Branduardi Raymont, M., Brigg, G., Brunetti, C., Budtz Jorgensenf, D., Burrow, S., Campana, E., Caroli, G., Chincarini, F., Christensen, M., Cocchi, A., Comastri, A., Corsi, V., Cotroneo, P., Conconi, L., Colasanti, G., Cusamano, A., de Rosa, M., Del Santo, S., Ettori, Y., Ezoe, L., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Finger, G., Fishman, R., Fujimoto, M., Galeazzi, A., Galli, F., Gatti, N., Gehrel, B., Gendre, G., Ghirlanda, G., Ghisellini, P., Giommi, Girardi, Marisa, L., Guzzo, F., Haardt, I., Hepburn, W., Hermsen, H., Hoever, A., Holland, J., In't Zand, Y., Ishisaki, H., Kawahara, N., Kawai, J., Kaastra, M., Kippen, P. A. J., de Korte, C., Kouveliotou, A., Kusenko, C., Labanti, R., Lieu, C., Macculi, K., Makishima, G., Matt, P., Mazotta, D., Mccammon, M., Mendez, T., Mineo, S., Mitchell, K., Mitsuda, S., Molendi, L., Moscardini, R., Mushotzky, L., Natalucci, F., Nicastro, P., O'Brien, J., Osborne, F., Paerel, M., Page, S., Paltani, G., Pareschi, E., Perinati, C., Perola, T., Ponman, A., Rasmussen, M., Roncarelli, P., Rosati, O., Ruchayskiy, E., Quadrini, I., Sakurai, R., Salvaterra, S., Sasaki, G., Sato, J., Schaye, J., Schmidtt, S., Scioritino, M., Shaposhnikov, K., Shinozaki, D., Spiga, Y., Suto, G., Tagliaferri, T., Takahashi, Y., Takei, Y., Tawara, P., Tozzi, H., Tsunemi, T., Tsuru, P., Ubertini, E., Ursino, M., Viel, J., Vink, N., White, R., Willingale, R., Wijer, K., Yoshikawa, and N., Yamasaki

Subjects
Clusters, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Warm-hot intergalactic edium, Clusters, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Missions, Warm-hot intergalactic edium, X-rays, X-rays, Missions
Abstract

How structures of various scales formed and evolved from the early Universe up to present time is a fundamental question of astrophysics. EDGE will trace the cosmic history of the baryons from the early generations of massive stars by Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) explosions, through the period of galaxy cluster formation, down to the very low redshift Universe, when between a third and one half of the baryons are expected to reside in cosmic filaments undergoing gravitational collapse by dark matter (the so-called warm hot intragalactic medium). In addition EDGE, with its unprecedented capabilities, will provide key results in many important fields. These scientific goals are feasible with a medium class mission using existing technology combined with innovative instrumental and observational capabilities by: (a) observing with fast reaction Gamma-Ray Bursts with a high spectral resolution (R ~ 500). This enables the study of their (star-forming) environment and the use of GRBs as back lights of large scale cosmological structures; (b) observing and surveying extended sources (galaxy clusters, WHIM) with high sensitivity using two wide field of view X-ray telescopes (one with a high angular resolution and the other with a high spectral resolution). The mission concept includes four main instruments: a Wide-field Spectrometer with excellent energy resolution (3 eV at 0.6 keV), a Wide- Field Imager with high angular resolution (HPD 15") constant over the full 1.4 degree field of view, and a Wide Field Monitor with a FOV of 1/4 of the sky, which will trigger the fast repointing to the GRB. Extension of its energy response up to 1 MeV will be achieved with a GRB detector with no imaging capability. This mission is proposed to ESA as part of the Cosmic Vision call. We will briefly review the science drivers and describe in more detail the payload of this mission.

Published
2007

8. Anterior Approaches to the Thoracic Spine in Patients With Cancer: Indications and Results

Author

Alan W. Yasko, Michael T Mineo, Jack A. Roth, Joe B. Putnam, Stephen G. Swisher, Garrett L. Walsh, Ian E. McCutcheon, Jonathan C. Nesbitt, Ziya L. Gokaslan, and David S. Schrump

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Thorax, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, medicine.medical_treatment, Postoperative Complications, Methods, medicine, Humans, Thoracotomy, Patient Care Team, Spinal Neoplasms, business.industry, Palliative Care, Perioperative, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pain, Intractable, Surgery, Median sternotomy, Ambulatory, Quality of Life, Intractable pain, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Paraplegia
Abstract

Background . Multidisciplinary surgical teams enable an aggressive approach to tumors involving the thoracic spine. Methods . From February 1994 to July 1996, 61 patients underwent anterior resections of thoracic spine tumors. Their median age was 56 years. The indications for operation were curative in intent in 7 of 61 and palliative in 54 of 61 (to relieve intractable metastatic bone pain with neurologic compromise [n = 38] and pain alone [n = 16]). Sixteen patients came to our institution unable to ambulate with impending paraplegia. Results . Anterior approaches included combined left side of the neck and median sternotomy for lesions involving vertebrae T-1 through T-3 (n = 9), posterolateral thoracotomy for T-3 through T-10 (n = 39), and thoracoabdominal approach at T-11 and T-12 (n = 13). Median hospital stay was 9.0 days (range, 4 to 57 days). Complications occurred in 18 of 61 (29.5%). In 55 of 61 (90%), pain was significantly improved after the operation. Twelve of the 16 patients who initially presented in wheelchairs regained ambulatory function. There were five perioperative deaths (8.2%). The 1-year cumulative survival for the entire group was 60%. Conclusions . An aggressive surgical approach in cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease in the thoracic spine was associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality. There was significant improvement in their quality of life by control of intractable pain in 90% and recovery of ambulatory function in 75% of patients who presented with critical spinal cord compromise.

Published
1997

9. Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations Of The Vela Pulsar

Author

A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, W. B. Atwood, R. Bagagli, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, D. L. Band, G. Barbiellini, M. G. Baring, J. Bartelt, D. Bastieri, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, F. Bellardi, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, D. Bisello, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, J. R. Bogart, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, A. Bouvier, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, F. Camilo, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, M. Ceccanti, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, I. Cognard, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, J. Conrad, R. Corbet, L. Corucci, S. Cutini, D. S. Davis, M. DeKlotz, C. D. Dermer, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, M. Dormody, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Espinoza, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, D. L. Flath, P. Fleury, W. B. Focke, M. Frailis, P. C. C. Friere, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, R. Giannitrapani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, E. V. Gotthelf, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, G. Haller, A. K. Harding, P. A. Hart, R. C. Hartman, E. Hays, G. Hobbs, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, S. Johnston, T. Kamae, G. Kanbach, V. M. Kaspi, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, A. Kavelaars, N. Kawai, H. Kelly, M. Kerr, B. Kiziltan, W. Klamra, J. Knödlseder, M. Kramer, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, J. Lande, D. Landriu, L. Latronico, B. Lee, S.-H. Lee, M. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Livingstone, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, A. G. Lyne, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, R. N. Manchester, B. Marangelli, M. Marelli, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, S. McGlynn, M. A. McLaughlin, N. Menon, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mineo, N. Mirizzi, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mongelli, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, T. Nakamori, P. L. Nolan, A. Noutsos, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, A. Paccagnella, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, M. Pearce, M. Pepe, M. Perchiazzi, M. Pesce-Rollins, L. Pieri, M. Pinchera, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, S. M. Ransom, E. Rapposelli, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, L. C. Reyes, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, M. Roth, F. Ryde, A. Sacchetti, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, N. Saggini, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, K. N. Segal, A. Sellerholm, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, M. Stamatikos, J.-L. Starck, F. W. Stecker, T. E. Stephens, M. S. Strickman, A. W. Strong, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, A. Tenze, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, G. Theureau, D. J. Thompson, S. E. Thorsett, L. Tibaldo, O. Tibolla, D. F. Torres, A. Tramacere, M. Turri, T. L. Usher, L. Vigiani, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, P. Wang, K. Watters, P. Weltevrede, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, T. Ylinen, M. Ziegler, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Atwood, W. B., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Band, D. L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bisello, D., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bogart, J. R., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Camilo, F., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cognard, I., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Corucci, L., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Deklotz, M., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Dormody, M., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Espinoza, C., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Flath, D. L., Fleury, P., Focke, W. B., Frailis, M., Friere, P. C. C., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giannitrapani, R., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Gotthelf, E. V., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Haller, G., Harding, A. K., Hart, P. A., Hartman, R. C., Hays, E., Hobbs, G., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Johnston, S., Kamae, T., Kanbach, G., Kaspi, V. M., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kavelaars, A., Kawai, N., Kelly, H., Kerr, M., Kiziltan, B., Klamra, W., Knodlseder, J., Kramer, M., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Landriu, D., Latronico, L., Lee, B., Lee, S. H., Lemoine Goumard, M., Livingstone, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Lyne, A. G., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Manchester, R. N., Marangelli, B., Marelli, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mcglynn, S., Mclaughlin, M. A., Menon, N., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mineo, T., Mirizzi, N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nolan, P. L., Noutsos, A., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paccagnella, A., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pearce, M., Pepe, M., Perchiazzi, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Pieri, L., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Ransom, S. M., Rapposelli, E., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sacchetti, A., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Saggini, N., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Segal, K. N., Sellerholm, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stamatikos, M., Starck, J. L., Stecker, F. W., Stephens, T. E., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tenze, A., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Theureau, G., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tramacere, A., Turri, M., Usher, T. L., Vigiani, L., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Watters, K., Weltevrede, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.

Subjects
Photon, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Magnetosphere, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Gamma rays: observations, pulsars: individual (PSR B0833-45), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Vela, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Pulsars, media_common, Physics, Nebula, Astronomy and Astrophysics, pulsars: individual: PSR B0833-45, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, gamma rays: observations, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

著者人数：235名, Accepted: 2009-02-09, 資料番号: SA1000979000

Published
2009

10. The First Survey of X-Ray Flares from Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by Swift: Temporal Properties and Morphology

Author

G. Chincarini, A. Moretti, P. Romano, A. D. Falcone, D. Morris, J. Racusin, S. Campana, S. Covino, C. Guidorzi, G. Tagliaferri, D. N. Burrows, C. Pagani, M. Stroh, D. Grupe, M. Capalbi, G. Cusumano, N. Gehrels, P. Giommi, V. La Parola, V. Mangano, T. Mineo, J. A. Nousek, P. T. O’Brien, K. L. Page, M. Perri, E. Troja, R. Willingale, B. Zhang, Chincarini, G, Moretti, A, Romano, P, Falcone, A, Campana, S, Covino, S, Guidorzi, C, Tagliaferri, G, Burrows, D, Capalbi, M, Cusumano, G, Giommi, P, Mangano, V, La Parola, V, Mineo, T, Perri, M, and Troja, E

Subjects
Physics, Swift, Gamma Rays: Bursts, X-Rays: Bursts, Continuum (design consultancy), Astrophysics (astro-ph), X-ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift, law.invention, Large sample, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Space and Planetary Science, law, Peak intensity, GRBs, High energy astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, skin and connective tissue diseases, computer, Flare, computer.programming_language
Abstract

We present the first systematic investigation of the morphological and timing properties of flares in GRBs observed by Swift/XRT. We consider a large sample drawn from all GRBs detected by Swift, INTEGRAL and HETE-2 prior to 2006 Jan 31, which had an XRT follow-up and which showed significant flaring. Our sample of 33 GRBs includes long and short, at low and high redshift, and a total of 69 flares. The strongest flares occur in the early phases, with a clear anti-correlation between the flare peak intensity and the flare time of occurrence. Fitting each X-ray flare with a Gaussian model, we find that the mean ratio of the width and peak time is = 0.13+/-0.10, albeit with a large scatter. Late flares at times > 2000 seconds have long durations, Delta t>300 s, and can be very energetic compared to the underlying continuum. We further investigated if there is a clear link between the number of pulses detected in the prompt phase by BAT and the number of X-ray flares detected by XRT, finding no correlation. However, we find that the distribution of intensity ratios between successive BAT prompt pulses and that between successive XRT flares is the same, an indication of a common origin for gamma-ray pulses and X-ray flares. All evidence indicates that flares are indeed related to the workings of the central engine and, within the standard fireball scenario, originate from internal shocks rather than external shocks. While all flares can be explained by long-lasting engine activity, 29/69 flares may also be explained by refreshed shocks. However, 10 can only be explained by prolonged activity of the central engine., Comment: submitted to ApJ

Published
2007

11. Gamma-ray bursts: huge explosion in the early Universe

Author

G, Cusumano, V, Mangano, G, Chincarini, A, Panaitescu, D N, Burrows, V, La Parola, T, Sakamoto, S, Campana, T, Mineo, G, Tagliaferri, L, Angelini, S D, Barthelemy, A P, Beardmore, P T, Boyd, L R, Cominsky, C, Gronwall, E E, Fenimore, N, Gehrels, P, Giommi, M, Goad, K, Hurley, J A, Kennea, K O, Mason, F, Marshall, P, Mészáros, J A, Nousek, J P, Osborne, D M, Palmer, P W A, Roming, A, Wells, N E, White, and B, Zhang

Abstract

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright flashes of high-energy photons that can last for tens of minutes; they are generally associated with galaxies that have a high rate of star formation and probably arise from the collapsing cores of massive stars, which produce highly relativistic jets (collapsar model). Here we describe gamma- and X-ray observations of the most distant GRB ever observed (GRB 050904): its redshift (z) of 6.29 means that this explosion happened 12.8 billion years ago, corresponding to a time when the Universe was just 890 million years old, close to the reionization era. This means that not only did stars form in this short period of time after the Big Bang, but also that enough time had elapsed for them to evolve and collapse into black holes.

Published
2005

12. The ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet

Author

A. ALOISIO, C. BACCI, K. Z. BAO, F. BARONE, B. BARTOLI, P. BERNARDINI, C. BLEVE, P. BRANCHINI, S. BUSSINO, E. CALLONI, P. CAMARRI, B. Y. CAO, R. CARDARELLI, M. CASOLINO, S. CATALANOTTI, A. CAVALIERE, S. CAVALIERE, F. CESARONI, M. CHA, P. CRETI, G. CUSIMANO, G. D'ALI STAITI, DANZENGLUOBU, V. D'ELIA, B. D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M. DE VINCENZI, T. DI GIROLAMO, G. DI SCIASCIO, Z. Y. FENG, Y. FU, X. Y. GAO, Q. X. GENG, H. W. GUO, H. H. HE, Q. HUANG, M. IACOVACCI, N. IUCCI, H. Y. JAI, F. M. KONG, H. H. KUANG, LABACIREN, B. LI, J. Y. LI, B. LIBERTI, G. LIGUORI, Z. Q. LIU, H. LU, X. H. MA, G. MANCARELLA, S. M. MARI, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, X. R. MENG, L. MILANO, T. MINEO, J. MU, L. NICASTRO, D. ORLANDO, A. PAOLONI, Z. R. PENG, P. PISTILLI, G. RASO, B. SACCO, L. SAGGESE, R. SANTONICO, L. SCARSI, P. R. SHEN, C. STANESCU, M. STORINI, L. R. SUN, S. C. SUN, A. SURDO, Y. H. TAN, P. VALLANIA, S. VERNETTO, C. R. WANG, H. WANG, H. Y. WANG, Y. N. WEI, Q. K. YAO, G. C. YU, X. D. YUE, A. F. YUAN, H. M. ZHANG, J. L. ZHANG, N. J. ZHANG, T. J. ZHANG, X. Y. ZHANG, ZHAXISANGZHU, ZHAXICIREN, Q. Q. ZHU, DE MITRI, Ivan, PANAREO, Marco, Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusimano, G., D'ALI STAITI, G., Danzengluobu, D'Elia, V., DE MITRI, Ivan, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, B., DE VINCENZI, M., DI GIROLAMO, T., DI SCIASCIO, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, Marco, Paoloni, A., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Ground based detectors, Gamma-ray sources, Gamma-ray bursts, Cosmic rays
Published
2001

13. ERRATUM: 'THE FIRST FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS' (2010, ApJS, 187, 460)

Author

Na Wang, James Chiang, Roger Blandford, B. Lott, Cristobal M. Espinoza, Jun Kataoka, Ö. Çelik, V. M. Kaspi, A. S. Johnson, S. Cutini, F. Piron, Jean Ballet, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Sinéad McGlynn, I. A. Grenier, M. Hayashida, M. Roth, A. De Luca, C. Favuzzi, Stefano Ciprini, Felix Ryde, Lucas Guillemot, B. Giebels, A. Tramacere, A. Noutsos, Stefan Funk, Guido Barbiellini, H. Tajima, Nicola Omodei, S. Murgia, V. Vasileiou, Richard Dubois, Luca Baldini, T. Mizuno, M. Marelli, M. Frailis, P. Spinelli, Scott M. Ransom, Seth Digel, M. S. Jackson, F. de Palma, Matthew G. Baring, Alice K. Harding, Fernando Camilo, Benjamin Stappers, C. Farnier, Elliott D. Bloom, B. M. Baughman, L. Tibaldo, L. R. Cominsky, Igor V. Moskalenko, T. A. Porter, Jürgen Knödlseder, Brian L Winer, Sylvain Guiriec, Gloria Spandre, S. Rainò, Eric V. Gotthelf, S. Germani, Mn Mazziotta, Olaf Reimer, A. A. Moiseev, Christo Venter, A. van Etten, Francesco Longo, P. Fusco, W. B. Atwood, Diego F. Torres, Omar Tibolla, Paul J. Wang, Andrew W. Strong, Denise A. Smith, A. Sellerholm, Roger W. Romani, Grzegorz Madejski, Nicola Giglietto, Hartmut Sadrozinski, Robert R. Rando, M. Kramer, David Sánchez, Dario Gasparrini, F. Gargano, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Gilles Theureau, Hideaki Katagiri, Luca Latronico, A. Sander, C. Meurer, T. J. Johnson, Y. Hanabata, M. N. Lovellette, F. Loparco, Paolo Giommi, Carmelo Sgrò, Denis Bastieri, P. D. Smith, Persis S. Drell, Alessandro Brez, E. Do Couto E Silva, Aous A. Abdo, T. L. Schalk, E. Nuss, W. N. Johnson, G. A. Caliandro, Paul S. Ray, C. Gwon, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, Gottfried Kanbach, David Paneque, M. Kuss, A. Y. Rodriguez, Randall P. Johnson, P. Weltevrede, Robin H. D. Corbet, D. Parent, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, P. Caraveo, Karen Watters, E. Hays, Jan Conrad, Pascal Bruel, Ismaël Cognard, Y. Uchiyama, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, P. M. Saz Parkinson, M. Dormody, Nanda Rea, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, M. S. Strickman, Andrew Lyne, A. P. Waite, T. Kamae, Peter F. Michelson, Richard N. Manchester, M. Lemoine-Goumard, G.L. Godfrey, Charles D. Dermer, A. Makeev, K. S. Wood, J. G. Thayer, Matthew Kerr, Tadayuki Takahashi, W. Mitthumsiri, R. Claus, S. J. Fegan, M. E. Monzani, J. B. Thayer, P. R. den Hartog, Jean-Luc Starck, J. P. Norris, W. B. Focke, A. Morselli, V. Vitale, A. Chekhtman, J. Bregeon, A. Reimer, Keith Bechtol, Marco Ajello, S. Buson, J. Lande, M. Razzano, A. De Angelis, M. Brigida, T. L. Usher, M.-H. Grondin, R. E. Hughes, Stephen E. Thorsett, E. Charles, M. Ozaki, J. F. Ormes, Emanuele Bonamente, D. J. Thompson, Francesco Giordano, Hiromitsu Takahashi, D. Dumora, P. L. Nolan, N. Gehrels, Takaaki Tanaka, T. Mineo, Claudia Cecchi, T. Glanzman, E. Orlando, V. Pelassa, T. Ylinen, R. A. Cameron, Julie McEnery, Steven Ritz, D. J. Suson, T. H. Burnett, B. Berenji, Gianluca Giavitto, M. Ziegler, Takeshi Nakamori, J. M. Casandjian, E. J. Siskind, T. Ohsugi, C. C. Cheung, Magnus Axelsson, Paulo C. C. Freire, W. Mcconville, N. Vilchez, E. Striani, P. Fortin, G. Tosti, Markus Ackermann, P. Lubrano, Simon Johnston, M. Pepe, Margaret A. Livingstone, Jeffrey D. Scargle, N. Kawai, M. L. Kocian, C. Monte, T. Reposeur, A. W. Borgland, and J. H. Panetta

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Published
2011

15. ORIGIN: metal creation and evolution from the cosmic dawn

Author

den, Herder Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Kouveliotou, Chryssa, Hartmann, Dieter H., Kaastra, Jelle S., Amati, L., Andersen, M. I., Arnaud, M., Atteia, J.-L., Bandler, S., Barbera, M., Barcons, X., Barthelmy, S., Basa, S., Basso, S., Boer, M., Branchini, E., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Borgani, S., Boyarsky, A., Brunetti, G., Budtz-Jorgensen, C., Burrows, D., Butler, N., Campana, S., Caroli, E., Ceballos, M., Christensen, F., Churazov, E., Comastri, A., Colasanti, L., Cole, R., Content, R., Corsi, A., Costantini, E., Conconi, P., Cusumano, G., de, Plaa J., De, Rosa A., Del, Santo M., Di, Cosimo S., De, Pasquale M., Doriese, R., Ettori, S., Evans, P., Ferrari, L., Finger, H., Figueroa-Feliciano, T., Friedrich, P., Furuzawa, A., Fynbo, J., Gatti, F., Galeazzi, M., Gehrels, N., Gendre, B., Ghirlanda, G., Ghisellini, G., Gilfanov, M., Giommi, P., Girardi, M., Grindlay, J., Cocchi, M., Godet, O., Guedel, M., Haardt, F., den, Hartog R., Hepburn, I., Hermsen, W., Hjorth, J., Hoekstra, H., Holland, A., Hornstrup, A., van, der Horst A., int, Zand J., Irwin, K., Jonker, P., Kitayama, T., Kawahara, H., Kawai, N., Kelley, R., Kilbourne, C., de, Korte P., Kusenko, A., Kuvvetli, I., Labanti, M., Macculi, C., Maiolino, R., Mas, Hesse M., Matsushita, K., Mazzotta, P., McCammon, D., Mendez, M., Mignani, R., Mineo, T., Mushotzky, R., Molendi, S., Moscardini, L., Natalucci, L., Nicastro, F., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J., Paerels, F., Page, M., Paltani, S., Pedersen, K., Perinati, E., Ponman, T., Pointecouteau, E., Predehl, P., Porter, S., Rasmussen, A., Rauw, G., Rottgering, H., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Quadrini, E., Ruchayskiy, O., Salvaterra, R., Sasaki, S., Sato, K., Savaglio, S., Schaye, J., Sciortino, S., Shaposhnikov, M., Sharples, R., Shinozaki, K., Spiga, D., Sunyaev, R., Suto, Y., Tanvir, N., Troja, E., Ubertini, P., Ullom, J., Ursino, E., Verbunt, F., van, de Voort F., Viel, M., Wachter, S., Watson, D., Weisskopf, M., Werner, N., White, N., Willingale, R., Wijers, R., Yoshikawa, K., Zane, S., Ohashi, Takaya, Ezoe, Y., Fujimoto, R., Hoshino, A., Ishisaki, Y., Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Takei, Yoh, Tashiro, Makoto, Tamura, Takayuki, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tsujimoto, Masahiro, Tsuru, Takeshi, Yamasaki, Noriko, den Herder, JW, Piro, L, Ohashi, T, Kouveliotou, C, Hartmann, DH, Kaastra, JS, Amati, L, Andersen, MI, Arnaud, M, Attèia, JL, Bandler, S, Barbera, M, Barcons, X, Barthelmy, S, Basa, S, Basso, S, Boer, M, Branchini, E, Branduardi-Raymont, G, Borgani, S, Boyarsky, A, Brunetti, G, Budtz-Jorgensen, C, Burrows, D, Butler, N, Campana, S, Caroli, E, Ceballos, M, Christensen, F, Churazov, E, Comastri, A, Colasanti, L, Cole, R, Content, R, Corsi, A, Costantini, E, Conconi, P, Cusumano, G, de Plaa, J, De Rosa, A, Del Santo, M, Di Cosimo, S, De Pasquale, M, Doriese, R, Ettori, S, Evans, P, Ezoe, Y, Ferrari, L, Finger, H, Figueroa-Feliciano, T, Friedrich, P, Fujimoto, R, Furuzawa, A, Fynbo, J, Gatti, F, Galeazzi, M, Gehrels, N, Gendre, B, Ghirlanda, G, Ghisellini, G, Gilfanov, M, Giommi, P, Girardi, M, Grindlay, J, Cocchi, M, Godet, O, Guedel, M, Haardt, F, den Hartog, R, Hepburn, I, Hermsen, W, Hjorth, J, Hoekstra, H, Holland, A, Hornstrup, A, van der Horst, A, Hoshino, A, in't Zand, J, Irwin, K, Ishisaki, Y, Jonker, P, Kitayama, T, Kawahara, H, Kawai, N, Kelley, R, Kilbourne, C, de Korte, P, Kusenko, A, Kuvvetli, I, Labanti, M, Macculi, C, Maiolino, R, Hesse, MM, Matsushita, K, Mazzotta, P, McCammon, D, Mèndez, M, Mignani, R, Mineo, T, Mitsuda, K, Mushotzky, R, Molendi, S, Moscardini, L, Natalucci, L, Nicastro, F, O'Brien, P, Osborne, J, Paerels, F, Page, M, Paltani, S, Pedersen, K, Perinati, E, Ponman, T, Pointecouteau, E, Predehl, P, Porter, S, Rasmussen, A, Rauw, G, Rottgering, H, Roncarelli, M, Rosati, P, Quadrini, E, Ruchayskiy, O, Salvaterra, R, Sasaki, S, Sato, K, Savaglio, S, Schaye, J, Sciortino, S, Shaposhnikov, M, Sharples, R, Shinozaki, K, Spiga, D, Sunyaev, R, Suto, Y, Takei, Y, Tanvir, N, Tashiro, M, Tamura, T, Tawara, Y, Troja, E, Tsujimoto, M, Tsuru, T, Ubertini, P, Ullom, J, Ursino, E, Verbunt, F, van de Voort, F, Viel, M, Wachter, S, Watson, D, Weisskopf, M, Werner, N, White, N, Willingale, R, Wijers, R, Yamasaki, N, Yoshikawa, K, Zane, S, Airbus, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Astronomy, J. W., den Herder, L., Piro, T., Ohashi, C., Kouveliotou, D. H., Hartmann, J. S., Kaastra, L., Amati, M. I., Andersen, M., Arnaud, J. L., Attéia, S., Bandler, M., Barbera, X., Barcon, S., Barthelmy, S., Basa, S., Basso, M., Boer, E., Branchini, G., Branduardi Raymont, Borgani, Stefano, A., Boyarsky, G., Brunetti, C., Budtz Jorgensen, D., Burrow, N., Butler, S., Campana, E., Caroli, M., Ceballo, F., Christensen, E., Churazov, A., Comastri, L., Colasanti, R., Cole, R., Content, A., Corsi, E., Costantini, P., Conconi, G., Cusumano, J., de Plaa, A., De Rosa, M., Del Santo, S., Di Cosimo, M., De Pasquale, R., Doriese, S., Ettori, P., Evan, Y., Ezoe, L., Ferrari, H., Finger, T., Figueroa Feliciano, P., Friedrich, R., Fujimoto, A., Furuzawa, J., Fynbo, F., Gatti, M., Galeazzi, N., Gehrel, B., Gendre, G., Ghirlanda, G., Ghisellini, M., Gilfanov, P., Giommi, Girardi, Marisa, J., Grindlay, M., Cocchi, O., Godet, M., Guedel, F., Haardt, R., den Hartog, I., Hepburn, W., Hermsen, J., Hjorth, H., Hoekstra, A., Holland, A., Hornstrup, A., van der Horst, A., Hoshino, J. in t., Zand, K., Irwin, Y., Ishisaki, P., Jonker, T., Kitayama, H., Kawahara, N., Kawai, R., Kelley, C., Kilbourne, P., de Korte, A., Kusenko, I., Kuvvetli, M., Labanti, C., Macculi, R., Maiolino, M., Mas Hesse, K., Matsushita, P., Mazzotta, D., Mccammon, M., Méndez, R., Mignani, T., Mineo, K., Mitsuda, R., Mushotzky, S., Molendi, L., Moscardini, L., Natalucci, F., Nicastro, P. O., Brien, J., Osborne, F., Paerel, M., Page, S., Paltani, K., Pedersen, E., Perinati, T., Ponman, E., Pointecouteau, P., Predehl, S., Porter, A., Rasmussen, G., Rauw, H., Röttgering, M., Roncarelli, P., Rosati, E., Quadrini, O., Ruchayskiy, R., Salvaterra, S., Sasaki, K., Sato, S., Savaglio, J., Schaye, S., Sciortino, M., Shaposhnikov, R., Sharple, K., Shinozaki, D., Spiga, R., Sunyaev, Y., Suto, Y., Takei, N., Tanvir, M., Tashiro, T., Tamura, Y., Tawara, E., Troja, M., Tsujimoto, T., Tsuru, P., Ubertini, J., Ullom, E., Ursino, F., Verbunt, F., van de Voort, M., Viel, S., Wachter, D., Watson, M., Weisskopf, N., Werner, N., White, R., Willingale, R., Wijer, N., Yamasaki, K., Yoshikawa, S., Zane, Jan-Willem Herder, Luigi Piro, Takaya Ohashi, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Dieter H. Hartmann, Jelle S. Kaastra, L. Amati, M. I. Andersen, M. Arnaud, J. -L. Attéia, S. Bandler, M. Barbera, X. Barcon, S. Barthelmy, S. Basa, S. Basso, M. Boer, E. Branchini, G. Branduardi-Raymont, S. Borgani, A. Boyarsky, G. Brunetti, C. Budtz-Jorgensen, D. Burrow, N. Butler, S. Campana, E. Caroli, M. Ceballo, F. Christensen, E. Churazov, A. Comastri, L. Colasanti, R. Cole, R. Content, A. Corsi, E. Costantini, P. Conconi, G. Cusumano, J. Plaa, A. Rosa, M. Santo, S. Cosimo, M. Pasquale, R. Doriese, S. Ettori, P. Evan, Y. Ezoe, L. Ferrari, H. Finger, T. Figueroa-Feliciano, P. Friedrich, R. Fujimoto, A. Furuzawa, J. Fynbo, F. Gatti, M. Galeazzi, N. Gehrel, B. Gendre, G. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, M. Gilfanov, P. Giommi, M. Girardi, J. Grindlay, M. Cocchi, O. Godet, M. Guedel, F. Haardt, R. Hartog, I. Hepburn, W. Hermsen, J. Hjorth, H. Hoekstra, A. Holland, A. Hornstrup, A. Horst, A. Hoshino, J. Zand, K. Irwin, Y. Ishisaki, P. Jonker, T. Kitayama, H. Kawahara, N. Kawai, R. Kelley, C. Kilbourne, P. Korte, A. Kusenko, I. Kuvvetli, M. Labanti, C. Macculi, R. Maiolino, M. Mas Hesse, K. Matsushita, P. Mazzotta, D. McCammon, M. Méndez, R. Mignani, T. Mineo, K. Mitsuda, R. Mushotzky, S. Molendi, L. Moscardini, L. Natalucci, F. Nicastro, P. O’Brien, J. Osborne, F. Paerel, M. Page, S. Paltani, K. Pedersen, E. Perinati, T. Ponman, E. Pointecouteau, P. Predehl, S. Porter, A. Rasmussen, G. Rauw, H. Röttgering, M. Roncarelli, P. Rosati, E. Quadrini, O. Ruchayskiy, R. Salvaterra, S. Sasaki, K. Sato, S. Savaglio, J. Schaye, S. Sciortino, M. Shaposhnikov, R. Sharple, K. Shinozaki, D. Spiga, R. Sunyaev, Y. Suto, Y. Takei, N. Tanvir, M. Tashiro, T. Tamura, Y. Tawara, E. Troja, M. Tsujimoto, T. Tsuru, P. Ubertini, J. Ullom, E. Ursino, F. Verbunt, F. Voort, M. Viel, S. Wachter, D. Watson, M. Weisskopf, N. Werner, N. White, R. Willingale, R. Wijer, N. Yamasaki, K. Yoshikawa, S. Zane, den Herder Jan, Willem, Piro, Luigi, Ohashi, Takaya, Kouveliotou, Chryssa, Hartmann Dieter, H., Kaastra Jelle, S., Amati, L., Andersen, M. I., Arnaud, M., Atteia, J. L., Bandler, S., Barbera, M., Barcons, X., Barthelmy, S., Basa, S., Basso, S., Boer, M., Branchini, ENZO FRANCO, Branduardi Raymont, G., Borgani, S., Boyarsky, A., Brunetti, G., Budtz Jorgensen, C., Burrows, D., Butler, N., Campana, S., Caroli, E., Ceballos, M., Christensen, F., Churazov, E., Comastri, A., Colasanti, L., Cole, R., Content, R., Corsi, A., Costantini, E., Conconi, P., Cusumano, G., de Plaa, J., De Rosa, A., Del Santo, M., Di Cosimo, S., De Pasquale, M., Doriese, R., Ettori, S., Evans, P., Ezoe, Y., Ferrari, L., Finger, H., Figueroa Feliciano, T., Friedrich, P., Fujimoto, R., Furuzawa, A., Fynbo, J., Gatti, F., Galeazzi, M., Gehrels, N., Gendre, B., Ghirlanda, G., Ghisellini, G., Gilfanov, M., Giommi, P., Girardi, M., Grindlay, J., Cocchi, M., Godet, O., Guedel, M., Haardt, F., den Hartog, R., Hepburn, I., Hermsen, W., Hjorth, J., Hoekstra, H., Holland, A., Hornstrup, A., van der Horst, A., Hoshino, A., in't Zand, J., Irwin, K., Ishisaki, Y., Jonker, P., Kitayama, T., Kawahara, H., Kawai, N., Kelley, R., Kilbourne, C., de Korte, P., Kusenko, A., Kuvvetli, I., Labanti, M., Macculi, C., Maiolino, R., Mas Hesse, M., Matsushita, K., Mazzotta, P., Mccammon, D., Mendez, M., Mignani, R., Mineo, T., Mitsuda, K., Mushotzky, R., Molendi, S., Moscardini, L., Natalucci, L., Nicastro, F., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J., Paerels, F., Page, M., Paltani, S., Pedersen, K., Perinati, E., Ponman, T., Pointecouteau, E., Predehl, P., Porter, S., Rasmussen, A., Rauw, G., Rottgering, H., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Quadrini, E., Ruchayskiy, O., Salvaterra, R., Sasaki, S., Sato, K., Savaglio, S., Schaye, J., Sciortino, S., Shaposhnikov, M., Sharples, R., Shinozaki, K., Spiga, D., Sunyaev, R., Suto, Y., Takei, Y., Tanvir, N., Tashiro, M., Tamura, T., Tawara, Y., Troja, E., Tsujimoto, M., Tsuru, T., Ubertini, P., Ullom, J., Ursino, E., Verbunt, F., van de Voort, F., Viel, M., Wachter, S., Watson, D., Weisskopf, M., Werner, N., White, N., Willingale, R., Wijers, R., Yamasaki, N., Yoshikawa, K., and Zane, S.

Subjects
HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM, UNIVERSE, Chemical evolution, Mission, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, COSMIC cancer database, Clusters of galaxies, Satellite Mission, Epoch (reference date), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOREST, GALAXIES, Gamma-ray bursts, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray, Mission, Gamma-ray bursts, Clusters of galaxies, Warm-hot intergalactic medium, Chemical evolution, Warm-hot intergalactic medium, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Structure formation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Clusters of galaxie, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, REDSHIFT, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, X-ray Mission, Gamma-ray bursts, Clusters of galaxies, Warm-hot intergalactic medium, Chemical evolution, ABSORPTION-SPECTRA, 010309 optics, X-ray, YIELDS, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-ray burst, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Universe, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, CLUSTERS
Abstract

Herder, Jan-Willem den et al., ORIGIN is a proposal for the M3 mission call of ESA aimed at the study of metal creation from the epoch of cosmic dawn. Using high-spectral resolution in the soft X-ray band, ORIGIN will be able to identify the physical conditions of all abundant elements between C and Ni to red-shifts of z = 10, and beyond. The mission will answer questions such as: When were the first metals created? How does the cosmic metal content evolve? Where do most of the metals reside in the Universe? What is the role of metals in structure formation and evolution? To reach out to the early Universe ORIGIN will use Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) to study their local environments in their host galaxies. This requires the capability to slew the satellite in less than a minute to the GRB location. By studying the chemical composition and properties of clusters of galaxies we can extend the range of exploration to lower redshifts (z-0.2). For this task we need a high-resolution spectral imaging instrument with a large field of view. Using the same instrument, we can also study the so far only partially detected baryons in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). The less dense part of the WHIM will be studied using absorption lines at low redshift in the spectra for GRBs. The ORIGIN mission includes a Transient Event Detector (coded mask with a sensitivity of 0.4 photon/cm2/s in 10 s in the 5–150 keV band) to identify and localize 2000 GRBs over a five year mission, of which -65 GRBs have a redshift > 7. The Cryogenic Imaging Spectrometer, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV, a field of view of 30 arcmin and large effective area below 1 keV has the sensitivity to study clusters up to a significant fraction of the virial radius and to map the denser parts of the WHIM (factor 30 higher than achievable with current instruments). The payload is complemented by a Burst InfraRed Telescope to enable onboard red-shift determination of GRBs (hence securing proper follow up of high-z bursts) and also probes the mildly ionized state of the gas. Fast repointing is achieved by a dedicated ControlledMomentum Gyro and a low background is achieved by the selected low Earth orbit., The team likes to express its appreciation for the support of Astrium UK for the present study.

Published
2011

16. EDGE: explorer of diffuse emission and gamma-ray burst explosions

Author

Piro, L., den Herder, J. W. , Ohashi, T. , Amati, L. , Atteia, J. L. , Barthelmy, S. , Barbera, M. , Barret, D. , Basso, S. , Boer, M. , Borgani, S. , Boyarskiy, Branduardi Raymont, G. , Briggs, M. , Brunetti, Budtz Jorgensen, C. , Burrows, D. , Campana, S. , Caroli, E. , Chincarini, G. , Christensen, F. , Cocchi, M. , Comastri, A. , Corsi, A. , Cotroneo, V. , Conconi, P. , Colasanti, L. , Cusumano, de Rosa, Del Santo, M. , Ettori, S. , Ezoe, Y. , Ferrari, L. , Feroci, M. , Finger, M. , Fishman, G. , Fujimoto, R. , Galeazzi, M. , Galli, A. , Gatti, F. , Gehrels, N. , Gendre, B. , Ghirlanda, G. , Ghisellini, G. , Giommi, P. , Girardi, M. , Guzzo, L. , Haardt, F. , Hepburn, I. , Hermsen, W. , Hoevers, H. , Holland, in't Zand, J. , Ishisaki, Y. , Kawahara, H. , Kawai, N. , Kaastra, J. , Kippen, de Korte, P. A. J. , Kouveliotou, C. , Kusenko, A. , Labanti, C. , Lieu, R. , Macculi, C. , Makishima, K. , Matt, G. , Mazzotta, P. , McCammon, D. , Méndez, M. , Mineo, T. , Mitchell, S. , Mitsuda, K. , Molendi, S. , Moscardini, L. , Mushotzky, R. , Natalucci, L. , Nicastro, F. , O'Brien, P. , Osborne, J. , Paerels, F. , Page, M. , Paltani, S. , Pareschi, G. , Perinati, E. , Perola, C. , Ponman, T. , Rasmussen, A. , Roncarelli, M. , Rosati, P. , Ruchayskiy, O. , Quadrini, E. , Sakurai, I. , Salvaterra, R. , Sasaki, S. , Sato, G. , Schaye, J. , Schmitt, J. , Sciortino, S. , Shaposhnikov, M. , Shinozaki, K. , Spiga, D. , Suto, Y. , Tagliaferri, G. , Takahashi, T. , Takei, Y. , Tawara, Y. , Tozzi, P. , Tsunemi, H. , Tsuru, T. , Ubertini, P. , Ursino, E. , Viel, M. , Vink, J. , White, N. , Willingale, R. , Wijers, R. , Yoshikawa, K. , Yamasaki, BRANCHINI, ENZO FRANCO, Piro, L, den Herder, J W, Ohashi, T, Amati, L, Atteia, J L, Barthelmy, S, Barbera, M, Barret, D, Basso, S, Boer, M, Borgani, S, Boyarskiy, O, Branchini, E, Branduardi-Raymont, G, Briggs, M, Brunetti, G, Budtz-Jorgensen, C, Burrows, D, Campana, S, Caroli, E, Chincarini, G, Christensen, F, Cocchi, M, Comastri, A, Corsi, A, Cotroneo, V, Conconi, P, Colasanti, L, Cusumano, G, de Rosa, A, Del Santo, M, Ettori, S, Ezoe, Y, Ferrari, L, Feroci, M, Finger, M, Fishman, G, Fujimoto, R, Galeazzi, M, Galli, A, Gatti, F, Gehrels, N, Gendre, B, Ghirlanda, G, Ghisellini, G, Giommi, P, Girardi, M, Guzzo, L, Haardt, F, Hepburn, I, Hermsen, W, Hoevers, H, Holland, A, in't Zand, J, Ishisaki, Y, Kawahara, H, Kawai, N, Kaastra, J, Kippen, M, de Korte, P A J, Kouveliotou, C, Kusenko, A, Labanti, C, Lieu, R, Macculi, C, Makishima, K, Matt, G, Mazzotta, P, McCammon, D, Méndez, M, Mineo, T, Mitchell, S, Mitsuda, K, Molendi, S, Moscardini, L, Mushotzky, R, Natalucci, L, Nicastro, F, O'Brien, P, Osborne, J, Paerels, F, Page, M, Paltani, S, Pareschi, G, Perinati, E, Perola, C, Ponman, T, Rasmussen, A, Roncarelli, M, Rosati, P, Ruchayskiy, O, Quadrini, E, Sakurai, I, Salvaterra, R, Sasaki, S, Sato, G, Schaye, J, Schmitt, J, Sciortino, S, Shaposhnikov, M, Shinozaki, K, Spiga, D, Suto, Y, Tagliaferri, G, Takahashi, T, Takei, Y, Tawara, Y, Tozzi, P, Tsunemi, H, Tsuru, T, Ubertini, P, Ursino, E, Viel, M, Vink, J, White, N, Willingale, R, Wijers, R, Yoshikawa, K, Yamasaki, N, JW DEN HERDER, L PIRO, T OHASHI, L AMATI, J ATTEIA, S BARTHELMY, BARBERA M, D BARRET, S BASSO, M BOER, S BORGANI, O BOYARSKIY BRANCHINI, BRANDUARDI-RAYMONT, M BRIGGS, G BRUNETTI, C BUDTZ-JORGENSEN, D BURROWS, S CAMPANA, E CAROLI, F CHRISTENSEN, M COCCHI, A COMASTRI, A CORSI, V COTRONEO, P CONCONI, L COLASANTI, G CUSUMANO, A DE ROSA, M DEL SANTO, S ETTORI, Y EZOE, L FERRARI, M FEROCI, M FINGER, G FISHMAN, R FUJIMOTO, M GALEAZZI, A GALLI, F GATTI, N GEHRELS, B GENDRE, G GHIRLANDA, G GHISELLINI, P GIOMMI, M GIRARDI, L GUZZO, F HAARDT, I HEPBURN, W HERMSEN, H HOEVERS, A HOLLAND, J INT ZAND, Y ISHISAKI, H KAWAHARA, N KAWAI, J KAASTRA, M KIPPEN, PAJ DE KORTE, C KOUVELIOTOU, A KUSENKO, C LABANTI, R LIEU, C MACCULI, K MAKISHIMA, G MATT, P MAZOTTA, D MCCAMMON, M MNDEZ, T MINEO, S MITCHELL, K MITSUDA, S MOLENDI, L MOSCARDINI, R MUSHOTZKY, L NATALUCCI, F NICASTRO, P OBRIEN, J OSBORNE, F PAERELS, M PAGE, S PALTANI, G PARESCHI, E PERINATI, C PEROLA, T PONMAN, A RASMUSSEN, M RONCARELLI, P ROSATI, O RUCHAYSKIY, E QUADRINI, I SAKURAI, R SALVATERRA, S SASAKI, G SATO, J SCHAYE, J SCHMIDTT, S SCIORITINO, M SHAPOOSHNIKOV, K SHINOZAKI, D SPIGA, Y SUTO, G TAGLIAFERRI, T TAKAHASHI, Y TAKEI, Y TAWARA, P TOZZI, H TSUNEMI, T TSURU, P UBERTINI, E URSINO, M VIEL, J VINK, N WHITE, R WILLINGALE, R WIJERS, K YOSHIKAWA, N YAMASAKI, Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes (LATT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), L. Piro, J. W. den Herder, T. Ohashi, L. Amati, J. L. Atteia, S. Barthelmy, M. Barbera, D. Barret, S. Basso, M. Boer, S. Borgani, O. Boyarskiy, E. Branchini, G. Branduardi-Raymont, M. Brigg, G. Brunetti, C. Budtz-Jorgensen, D. Burrow, S. Campana, E. Caroli, G. Chincarini, F. Christensen, M. Cocchi, A. Comastri, A. Corsi, V. Cotroneo, P. Conconi, L. Colasanti, G. Cusumano, A. Rosa, M. Del Santo, S. Ettori, Y. Ezoe, L. Ferrari, M. Feroci, M. Finger, G. Fishman, R. Fujimoto, M. Galeazzi, A. Galli, F. Gatti, N. Gehrel, B. Gendre, G. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, P. Giommi, M. Girardi, L. Guzzo, F. Haardt, I. Hepburn, W. Hermsen, H. Hoever, A. Holland, J. in’t Zand, Y. Ishisaki, H. Kawahara, N. Kawai, J. Kaastra, M. Kippen, P. A. J. Korte, C. Kouveliotou, A. Kusenko, C. Labanti, R. Lieu, C. Macculi, K. Makishima, G. Matt, P. Mazzotta, D. McCammon, M. Méndez, T. Mineo, S. Mitchell, K. Mitsuda, S. Molendi, L. Moscardini, R. Mushotzky, L. Natalucci, F. Nicastro, P. O’Brien, J. Osborne, F. Paerel, M. Page, S. Paltani, G. Pareschi, E. Perinati, C. Perola, T. Ponman, A. Rasmussen, M. Roncarelli, P. Rosati, O. Ruchayskiy, E. Quadrini, I. Sakurai, R. Salvaterra, S. Sasaki, G. Sato, J. Schaye, J. Schmitt, S. Sciortino, M. Shaposhnikov, K. Shinozaki, D. Spiga, Y. Suto, G. Tagliaferri, T. Takahashi, Y. Takei, Y. Tawara, P. Tozzi, H. Tsunemi, T. Tsuru, P. Ubertini, E. Ursino, M. Viel, J. Vink, N. White, R. Willingale, R. Wijer, K. Yoshikawa, N. Yamasaki, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Astronomy, Stephen L. O'Dell, Giovanni Pareschi, den Herder, J. W., Piro, L., Ohashi, T., Amati, L., Atteia, J., Barthelmy, S., Barbera, M., Barret, D., Basso, S., Boer, M., Borgani, S., Boyarskiy, O., Branchini, E., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Briggs, M., Brunetti, G., Budtz-Jorgensenf, C., Burrows, D., Campana, S., Caroli, E., Chincarini, G., Christensen, F., Cocchi, M., Comastri, A., Corsi, A., Cotroneo, V., Conconi, P., Colasanti, L., Cusamano, G., de Rosa, A., Del Santo, M., Ettori, S., Ezoe, Y., Ferrari, L., Feroci, M., Finger, M., Fishman, G., Fujimoto, R., Galeazzi, M., Galli, A., Gatti, F., Gehrels, N., Gendre, B., Ghirlanda, G., Ghisellini, G., Giommi, P., Girardi, M., Guzzo, L., Haardt, F., Hepburn, I., Hermsen, W., Hoevers, H., Holland, A., In't Zand, J., Ishisaki, Y., Kawahara, H., Kawai, N., Kaastra, J., Kippen, M., de Korte, P. A. J., Kouveliotou, C., Kusenko, A., Labanti, C., Lieu, R., Macculi, C., Makishima, K., Matt, G., Mazotta, P., Mccammon, D., Méndez, M., Mineo, T., Mitchell, S., Mitsuda, K., Molendi, S., Moscardini, L., Mushotzky, R., Natalucci, L., Nicastro, F., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J., Paerels, F., Page, M., Paltani, S., Pareschi, G., Perinati, E., Perola, C., Ponman, T., Rasmussen, A., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Ruchayskiy, O., Quadrini, E., Sakurai, I., Salvaterra, R., Sasaki, S., Sato, G., Schaye, J., Schmidtt, J., Scioritino, S., Shaposhnikov, M., Shinozaki, K., Spiga, D., Suto, Y., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, T., Takei, Y., Tawara, Y., Tozzi, P., Tsunemi, H., Tsuru, T., Ubertini, P., Ursino, E., Viel, M., Vink, J., White, N., Willingale, R., Wijers, R., Yoshikawa, K., Yamasaki, N., DEN HERDER, J. W. . OHASHI T., Atteia, J. L., Borgani, Stefano, Coauthors, Girardi, Marisa, Den, Herder, J. W., Ohashi, T., Amati, L., Atteia, J. L., Barthelmy, S., Barbera, M., Barret, D., Basso, S., Boer, M., Borgani, S., Boyarskiy, Branchini, ENZO FRANCO, Branduardi, Raymont, G., Brigg, M., Brunetti, Budtz, Jorgensen, C., Burrow, D., Campana, S., Caroli, E., Chincarini, G., Christensen, F., Cocchi, M., Comastri, A., Corsi, A., Cotroneo, V., Conconi, P., Colasanti, L., Cusumano, De, Rosa, Del, Santo, M., Ettori, S., Ezoe, Y., Ferrari, L., Feroci, M., Finger, M., Fishman, G., Fujimoto, R., Galeazzi, M., Galli, A., Gatti, F., Gehrel, N., Gendre, B., Ghirlanda, G., Ghisellini, G., Giommi, P., Girardi, M., Guzzo, L., Haardt, F., Hepburn, I., Hermsen, W., Hoever, H., Holland, In'T, Zand, J., Ishisaki, Y., Kawahara, H., Kawai, N., Kaastra, J., Kippen, De, Korte, P. A. J., Kouveliotou, C., Kusenko, A., Labanti, C., Lieu, R., Macculi, C., Makishima, K., Matt, G., Mazzotta, P., Mccammon, D., Méndez, M., Mineo, T., Mitchell, S., Mitsuda, K., Molendi, S., Moscardini, L., Mushotzky, R., Natalucci, L., Nicastro, F., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J., Paerel, F., Page, M., Paltani, S., Pareschi, G., Perinati, E., Perola, C., Ponman, T., Rasmussen, A., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Ruchayskiy, O., Quadrini, E., Sakurai, I., Salvaterra, R., Sasaki, S., Sato, G., Schaye, J., Schmitt, J., Sciortino, S., Shaposhnikov, M., Shinozaki, K., Spiga, D., Suto, Y., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, T., Takei, Y., Tawara, Y., Tozzi, P., Tsunemi, H., Tsuru, T., Ubertini, P., Ursino, E., Viel, M., Vink, J., White, N., Willingale, R., Wijer, R., Yoshikawa, K., Yamasaki, Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Vision, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Warm–hot intergalactic medium, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Intergalactic Medium, Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium, X-rays, Cosmology, Clusters, Gamma-ray bursts, Warm-hot intergalactic medium, Missions, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, X-ray telescopes, X-rays, Clusters, Gamma-ray bursts, Warm– hot intergalactic medium, Missions, Physics, Equipment and services, Satellite Mission, Spectrometers, Astrophysics (astro-ph), X-rays, Cosmology, Clusters, Gamma-ray bursts, Warm–, hot intergalactic medium, Missions, Temperature, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic Vision, Spectral resolution, Galaxy Clusters, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Warm&ndash, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, hot intergalactic medium, Absorption, NO, 010309 optics, X-ray, Galaxy groups and clusters, 0103 physical sciences, Imaging systems, 010306 general physics, Gamma-ray burst, Galaxy cluster, Spatial resolution, Sensors, Astronomy, X-rays, clusters, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium, missions, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Redshift, Cluster, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract

How structures on various scales formed and evolved from the early Universe up to present time is a fundamental question of astrophysical cosmology. EDGE will trace the cosmic history of the baryons from the early generations of massive star by Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) explosions, through the period of cluster formation, down to very low redshifts, when between a third and one half of the baryons are expected to reside in cosmic filaments undergoing gravitational collapse by dark matter (Warm Hot Intragalactic Medium: WHIM). In addition EDGE, with its unprecedented observational capabilities, will provide key results on several other topics. The science is feasible with a medium class mission using existing technology combined with innovative instrumental and observational capabilities on a single satellite by: a) observing with fast reaction Gamma-Ray Bursts with a high spectral resolution (R ~ 500). This enables the study of their (star-forming) environment from the Dark to the local Universe and the use of GRB as back light of large scale cosmological structures b) Observing and surveying extended sources (clusters, WHIM) with high sensitivity using two wide field of view X-ray telescopes (one with a high angular resolution and the other with a high spectral resolution)., This is a low resolution version of the proposal submitted to ESA in response to the Cosmic Vision Call. A high quality version is available at the web address reported in the cover page

Published
2007

17. The LOFT mission concept: a status update

Author

Feroci, M, Bozzo, E, Brandt, S, Hernanz, M, Van Der Klis, M, Liu, L, Orleanski, P, Pohl, M, Santangelo, A, Schanne, S, Stella, L, Takahashi, T, Tamura, H, Watts, A, Wilms, J, Zane, S, Zhang, S, Bhattacharyya, S, Agudo, I, Ahangarianabhari, M, Albertus, C, Alford, M, Alpar, A, Altamirano, D, Alvarez, L, Amati, L, Amoros, C, Andersson, N, Antonelli, A, Argan, A, Artigue, R, Artigues, B, Atteia, J, Azzarello, P, Bakala, P, Ballantyne, Dr, Baldazzi, G, Baldo, M, Balman, S, Barbera, M, Van Baren, C, Barret, D, Baykal, A, Begelman, M, Behar, E, Behar, O, Belloni, T, Bellutti, P, Bernardini, F, Bertuccio, G, Bianchi, S, Bianchini, A, Binko, P, Blay, P, Bocchino, F, Bode, M, Bodin, P, Bombaci, I, Bonnet Bidaud, J, Borghi, G, Boutloukos, S, Bouyjou, F, Bradley, L, Braga, J, Briggs, Ms, Brown, E, Buballa, M, Bucciantini, N, Burderi, L, Burgay, M, Bursa, M, Budtz-Jorgensen, C, Cackett, E, Cadoux, Fr, Cais, P, Caliandro, Ga, Campana, R, Campana, S, Cao, X, Capitanio, F, Casares, J, Casella, P, Castro-Tirado, Aj, Cavazzuti, E, Cavechi, Y, Celestin, S, Cerda-Duran, P, Chakrabarty, D, Chamel, N, Chateau, F, Chen, C, Chen, Y, Chenevez, J, Chernyakova, M, Coker, J, Cole, R, Collura, A, Coriat, M, Cornelisse, R, Costamante, L, Cros, A, Cui, W, Cumming, A, Cusumano, G, Czerny, B, D'Ai, A, D'Ammando, F, D'Elia, V, Dai, Z, Del Monte, E, De Luca, A, De Martino, D, Dercksen, Jpc, De Pasquale, M, De Rosa, A, Del Santo, M, Di Cosimo, S, Degenaar, N, Den Herder, Jw, Diebold, S, Di Salvo, T, Dong, Y, Donnarumma, I, Doroshenko, V, Doyle, G, Drake, Sa, Durant, M, Emmanoulopoulos, D, Enoto, T, Erkut, Mh, Esposito, P, Evangelista, Y, Fabian, A, Falanga, M, Favre, Y, Feldman, C, Fender, R, Feng, H, Ferrari, V, Ferrigno, C, Ficorella, F, Finger, M, Finger, Mh, Fraser, Gw, Frericks, M, Fullekrug, M, Fuschino, F, Gabler, M, Galloway, Dk, Galvez Sanchez, Jl, Gandhi, P, Gao, Z, Garcia-Berro, E, Gendre, B, Gevin, O, Gezari, S, Giles, Ab, Gilfanov, M, Giommi, P, Giovannini, G, Giroletti, M, Gogus, E, Goldwurm, A, Goluchova, K, Gotz, D, Gou, L, Gouiffes, C, Grandi, P, Grassi, M, Greiner, J, Grinberg, V, Groot, P, Gschwender, M, Gualtieri, L, Guedel, M, Guidorzi, C, Guy, L, Haas, D, Haensel, P, Hailey, M, Hamuguchi, K, Hansen, F, Hartmann, Dh, Haswell, Ca, Hebeler, K, Heger, A, Hempel, M, Hermsen, W, Homan, J, Hornstrup, A, Hudec, R, Huovelin, J, Huppenkothen, D, Inam, Sc, Ingram, A, In'Tzand, Jjm, Israel, G, Iwasawa, K, Izzo, L, Jacobs, Hm, Jetter, F, Johannsen, T, Jenke, Pa, Jonker, P, Jose, J, Kaaret, P, Kalamkar, M, Kalemci, E, Kanbach, G, Karas, V, Karelin, D, Kataria, D, Keek, L, Kennedy, T, Klochkov, D, Kluzniak, W, Koerding, E, Kokkotas, K, Komossa, S, Korpela, S, Kouveliotou, C, Kowalski, Af, Kreykenbohm, I, Kuiper, Lm, Kunneriath, D, Kurkela, A, Kuvvetli, I, La Franca, F, Labanti, C, Lai, D, Lamb, Fk, Lachaud, C, Laubert, Pp, Lebrun, F, Li, X, Liang, E, Limousin, O, Lin, D, Linares, M, Linder, D, Lodato, G, Longo, F, Lu, F, Lund, N, Maccarone, Tj, Macera, D, Maestre, S, Mahmoodifar, S, Maier, D, Malcovati, P, Malzac, J, Malone, C, Mandel, I, Mangano, V, Manousakis, A, Marelli, M, Margueron, J, Marisaldi, M, Markoff, Sb, Markowitz, A, Marinucci, A, Martindale, A, Martinez, G, Mchardy, Im, Medina-Tanco, G, Mehdipour, M, Melatos, A, Mendez, M, Mereghetti, S, Migliari, S, Mignani, R, Michalska, M, Mihara, T, Miller, Mc, Miller, Jm, Mineo, T, Miniutti, G, Morsink, S, Motch, C, Motta, S, Mouchet, M, Mouret, G, Mulacova, J, Muleri, F, Munoz-Darias, T, Negueruela, I, Neilsen, J, Neubert, T, Norton, Aj, Nowak, M, Nucita, A, O'Brien, P, Oertel, M, Olsen, Peh, Orienti, M, Orio, M, Orlandini, M, Osborne, Jp, Osten, R, Ozel, F, Pacciani, L, Paerels, F, Paltani, S, Paolillo, M, Papadakis, I, Papitto, A, Paragi, Z, Paredes, Jm, Patruno, A, Paul, B, Pederiva, F, Perinati, E, Pellizzoni, A, Penacchioni, Av, Peretz, U, Perez, Ma, Perez-Torres, M, Peterson, Bm, Petracek, V, Picciotto, A, Piemonte, C, Pittori, C, Pons, J, Portell, J, Possenti, A, Postnov, K, Poutanen, J, Prakash, M, Prandoni, I, Le Provost, H, Psaltis, D, Pye, J, Qu, J, Rambaud, D, Ramon, P, Ramsay, G, Rapisarda, M, Rachevski, A, Rashevskaya, I, Ray, Ps, Rea, N, Reddy, S, Reig, P, Reina Aranda, M, Remillard, R, Reynolds, C, Rezzolla, L, Ribo, M, De La Rie, R, Riggio, A, Rios, A, Rischke, Dh, Rodriguez-Gil, P, Rodriguez, J, Rohlfs, R, Romano, P, Rossi, Emr, Rozanska, A, Rousseau, A, Rudak, B, Russell, Dm, Ryde, F, Sabau-Graziati, L, Sakamoto, T, Sala, G, Salvaterra, R, Salvetti, D, Sanna, A, Sandberg, J, Savolainen, T, Scaringi, S, Schaffner-Bielich, J, Schatz, H, Schee, J, Schmid, C, Serino, M, Shakura, N, Shore, S, Schnittman, Jd, Schneider, R, Schwenk, A, Schwope, Ad, Sedrakian, A, Seyler, J, Shearer, A, Slowikowska, A, Sims, M, Smith, A, Smith, Dm, Smith, Pj, Sobolewska, M, Sochora, V, Soffitta, P, Soleri, P, Song, L, Spencer, A, Stamerra, A, Stappers, B, Staubert, R, Steiner, Aw, Stergioulas, N, Stevens, Al, Stratta, G, Strohmayer, Te, Stuchlik, Z, Suchy, S, Suleimanov, V, Tamburini, F, Tauris, T, Tavecchio, F, Tenzer, C, Thielemann, Fk, Tiengo, A, Tolos, L, Tombesi, F, Tomsick, J, Torok, G, Torrejon, Jm, Torres, Df, Torresi, E, Tramacere, A, Traulsen, I, Trois, A, Turolla, R, Turriziani, S, Typel, S, Uter, P, Uttley, P, Vacchi, A, Varniere, P, Vaughan, S, Vercellone, S, Vietri, M, Vincent, Fh, Vrba, V, Walton, D, Wang, J, Wang, Z, Watanabe, S, Wawrzaszek, R, Webb, N, Weinberg, N, Wende, H, Wheatley, P, Wijers, R, Wijnands, R, Wille, M, Wilson-Hodge, Ca, Winter, B, Walk, Sj, Wood, K, Woosley, Se, Wu, X, Xiao, L, Xu, R, Yu, W, Yuan, F, Yuan, W, Yuan, Y, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Zampieri, L, Zdunik, L, Zdziarski, A, Zech, A, Zhang, B, Zhang, C, Zingale, M, Zorzi, N, Zwart, F, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik [Tübingen] (IAAT), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Graduate School of the Natural Science and Technology [Kanazawa], Kanazawa University (KU), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tampere University of Technology [Tampere] (TUT), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Department of Biological Sciences [Mississippi], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton], University of Southampton, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano (IASF-MI), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Università di Roma La Sapienza, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (LATT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Department of Computer Sciences [Scheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Colgate University, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Palermo (IASF-Pa), ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (ARC CEED), The University of Western Australia (UWA)-Australian National University (ANU)-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University)-School of BioSciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne-Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Lund University [Lund], Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de synthèse organique (DCSO), École polytechnique (X)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), ELECTRONIQUE 2016, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geosciences, Monash University [Clayton], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), China Information Technology Security Evaluation Center (CNITSEC), Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science [Lyngby] (DTU Compute), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), PCAS, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CALVIN research group [Edinburgh], Institute of Perception, Action and Behaviour (IPAB), University of Edinburgh-University of Edinburgh, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering [Bath], University of Bath [Bath], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Sr. PLM Consultant, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Dept Ind Engn & Informat Techonolgy, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Opole University of Technology, University of Technology (Opole), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], Radboud University [Nijmegen], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Dept Fis Aplicada, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Victoria University [Melbourne], The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology [Linköping] (IFM), Linköping University (LIU), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Centre de recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, Department of Electronics and Computer Systems, Takushoku University, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HEPL, Solar Physics, Stanford University, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples], University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Columbia University [New York], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology [University of Arkansas], University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], Hu county ventre for disease control and prevention of Shaanxi province, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (INFN, Sezione di Trieste), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Reading (UOR), Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Équipe Robotique et InteractionS (LAAS-RIS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna] (CMCC), Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Augsburg Hospital, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Daimler Chrysler AG (Daimler), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], FICLIT, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AlfA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Southern California (USC), National University of Defense Technology [China], Princeton University, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Feroci, M., Bozzo, E., Brandt, S., Hernanz, M., van der Klis, M., Liu, L., Orleanski, P., Pohl, M., Santangelo, A., Schanne, S., Stella, L., Takahashi, T., Tamura, H., Watts, A., Wilms, J., Zane, S., Zhang, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Agudo, I., Ahangarianabhari, M., Albertus, C., Alford, M., Alpar, A., Altamirano, D., Alvarez, L., Amati, L., Amoros, C., Andersson, N., Antonelli, A., Argan, A., Artigue, R., Artigues, B., Atteia, J., Azzarello, P., Bakala, P., Ballantyne, D., Baldazzi, G., Baldo, M., Balman, S., Barbera, M., van Baren, C., Barret, D., Baykal, A., Begelman, M., Behar, E., Behar, O., Belloni, T., Bernardini, F., Bertuccio, G., Bianchi, S., Bianchini, A., Binko, P., Blay, P., Bocchino, F., Bode, M., Bodin, P., Bombaci, I., Bonnet Bidaud, J., Boutloukos, S., Bouyjou, F., Bradley, L., Braga, J., Briggs, M., Brown, E., Buballa, M., Bucciantini, N., Burderi, L., Burgay, M., Bursa, M., Budtz Jørgensen, C., Cackett, E., Cadoux, F., Cais, P., Caliandro, G., Campana, R., Campana, S., Cao, X., Capitanio, F., Casares, J., Casella, P., Castro Tirado, A., Cavazzuti, E., Cavechi, Y., Celestin, S., Cerda Duran, P., Chakrabarty, D., Chamel, N., Château, F., Chen, C., Chen, Y., Chenevez, J., Chernyakova, M., Coker, J., Cole, R., Collura, A., Coriat, M., Cornelisse, R., Costamante, L., Cros, A., Cui, W., Cumming, A., Cusumano, G., Czerny, B., D'Aì, A., D'Ammando, F., D'Elia, V., Dai, Z., Del Monte, E., De Luca, A., De Martino, D., Dercksen, J., De Pasquale, M., De Rosa, A., Del Santo, M., Di Cosimo, S., Degenaar, N., den Herder, J., Diebold, S., DI SALVO, T., Dong, Y., Donnarumma, I., Doroshenko, V., Doyle, G., Drake, S., Durant, M., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Enoto, T., Erkut, M., Esposito, P., Evangelista, Y., Fabian, A., Falanga, M., Favre, Y., Feldman, C., Fender, R., Feng, H., Ferrari, V., Ferrigno, C., Finger, M., Fraser, G., Frericks, M., Fullekrug, M., Fuschino, F., Gabler, M., Galloway, D., Gálvez Sanchez, J., Gandhi, P., Gao, Z., Garcia Berro, E., Gendre, B., Gevin, O., Gezari, S., Giles, A., Gilfanov, M., Giommi, P., Giovannini, G., Giroletti, M., Gogus, E., Goldwurm, A., Goluchová, K., Götz, D., Gou, L., Gouiffes, C., Grandi, P., Grassi, M., Greiner, J., Grinberg, V., Groot, P., Gschwender, M., Gualtieri, L., Guedel, M., Guidorzi, C., Guy, L., Haas, D., Haensel, P., Hailey, M., Hamuguchi, K., Hansen, F., Hartmann, D., Haswell, C., Hebeler, K., Heger, A., Hempel, M., Hermsen, W., Homan, J., Hornstrup, A., Hudec, R., Huovelin, J., Huppenkothen, D., Inam, S., Ingram, A., In't Zand, J., Israel, G., Iwasawa, K., Izzo, L., Jacobs, H., Jetter, F., Johannsen, T., Jenke, P., Jonker, P., Josè, J., Kaaret, P., Kalamkar, K., Kalemci, E., Kanbach, G., Karas, V., Karelin, D., Kataria, D., Keek, L., Kennedy, T., Klochkov, D., Kluzniak, W., Koerding, E., Kokkotas, K., Komossa, S., Korpela, S., Kouveliotou, C., Kowalski, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kuiper, L., Kunneriath, D., Kurkela, A., Kuvvetli, I., La Franca, F., Labanti, C., Lai, D., Lamb, F., Lachaud, C., Laubert, P., Lebrun, F., Li, X., Liang, E., Limousin, O., Lin, D., Linares, M., Linder, D., Lodato, G., Longo, F., Lu, F., Lund, N., Maccarone, T., Macera, D., Maestre, S., Mahmoodifar, S., Maier, D., Malcovati, P., Malzac, J., Malone, C., Mandel, I., Mangano, V., Manousakis, A., Marelli, M., Margueron, J., Marisaldi, M., Markoff, S., Markowitz, A., Marinucci, A., Martindale, A., Martínez, G., Mchardy, I., Medina Tanco, G., Mehdipour, M., Melatos, A., Mendez, M., Mereghetti, S., Migliari, S., Mignani, R., Michalska, M., Mihara, T., Miller, M., Miller, J., Mineo, T., Miniutti, G., Morsink, S., Motch, C., Motta, S., Mouchet, M., Mouret, G., Mulačová, J., Muleri, F., Muñoz Darias, T., Negueruela, I., Neilsen, J., Neubert, T., Norton, A., Nowak, M., Nucita, A., O'Brien, P., Oertel, M., Olsen, P., Orienti, M., Orio, M., Orlandini, M., Osborne, J., Osten, R., Ozel, F., Pacciani, L., Paerels, F., Paltani, S., Paolillo, M., Papadakis, I., Papitto, A., Paragi, Z., Paredes, J., Patruno, A., Paul, B., Pederiva, F., Perinati, E., Pellizzoni, A., Penacchioni, A., Peretz, U., Perez, M., Perez Torres, M., Peterson, B., Petracek, V., Pittori, C., Pons, J., Portell, J., Possenti, A., Postnov, K., Poutanen, J., Prakash, M., Prandoni, I., Le Provost, H., Psaltis, D., Pye, J., Qu, J., Rambaud, D., Ramon, P., Ramsay, G., Rapisarda, M., Rashevski, A., Rashevskaya, I., Ray, P., Rea, N., Reddy, S., Reig, P., Reina Aranda, M., Remillard, R., Reynolds, C., Rezzolla, L., Ribo, M., de la Rie, R., Riggio, A., Rios, A., Rischke, D., Rodríguez Gil, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohlfs, R., Romano, P., Rossi, E., Rozanska, A., Rousseau, A., Rudak, B., Russell, D., Ryde, F., Sabau Graziati, L., Sakamoto, T., Sala, G., Salvaterra, R., Salvetti, D., Sanna, A., Sandberg, J., Savolainen, T., Scaringi, S., Schaffner Bielich, J., Schatz, H., Schee, J., Schmid, C., Serino, M., Shakura, N., Shore, S., Schnittman, J., Schneider, R., Schwenk, A., Schwope, A., Sedrakian, A., Seyler, J., Shearer, A., Slowikowska, A., Sims, M., Smith, A., Smith, D., Smith, P., Sobolewska, M., Sochora, V., Soffitta, P., Soleri, P., Song, L., Spencer, A., Stamerra, A., Stappers, B., Staubert, R., Steiner, A., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, A., Stratta, G., Strohmayer, T., Stuchlik, Z., Suchy, S., Suleimanov, V., Tamburini, F., Tauris, T., Tavecchio, F., Tenzer, C., Thielemann, F., Tiengo, A., Tolos, L., Tombesi, F., Tomsick, J., Torok, G., Torrejon, J., Torres, D., Torresi, E., Tramacere, A., Traulsen, I., Trois, A., Turolla, R., Turriziani, S., Typel, S., Uter, P., Uttley, P., Vacchi, A., Varniere, P., Vaughan, S., Vercellone, S., Vietri, M., Vincent, F., Vrba, V., Walton, D., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Watanabe, S., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Weinberg, N., Wende, H., Wheatley, P., Wijers, R., Wijnands, R., Wille, M., Wilson Hodge, C., Winter, B., Walk, S., Wood, K., Woosley, S., Wu, X., Xu, R., Yu, W., Yuan, F., Yuan, W., Yuan, Y., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zampieri, L., Zdunik, L., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zhang, B., Zhang, C., Zingale, M., Zwart, F., University of Geneva [Switzerland], Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Graduate School of the Natural Science and Technology, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), School of BioSciences [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne-Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University)-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian National University (ANU)-The University of Western Australia (UWA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), China Information Technology Security Evaluation Center, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Trieste, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universidad de Granada (UGR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Stanford University [Stanford], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Universita degli Studi di Padova, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Astronomy, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Van Der Klis, M., Liu, L. -P., Zhang, S. -N., Atteia, J. -L., Ballantyne, D. R., Van Baren, C., Bellutti, P., Bonnet Bidaud, J. -M., Borghi, G., Briggs, M. S., Budtz-Jorgensen, C., Cadoux, F. R., Caliandro, G. A., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerda-Duran, P., Chateau, F., D'Ai, A., Dercksen, J. P. C., Den Herder, J. W., Di Salvo, T., Drake, S. A., Erkut, M. H., Ficorella, F., Finger, M. H., Fraser, G. W., Galloway, D. K., Galvez Sanchez, J. L., Garcia-Berro, E., Giles, A. B., Goluchova, K., Gotz, D., Hartmann, D. H., Haswell, C. A., Inam, S. C., In'Tzand, J. J. M., Jacobs, H. M., Jenke, P. A., Jose, J., Kalamkar, M., Kowalski, A. F., Kuiper, L. M., Lamb, F. K., Laubert, P. P., Maccarone, T. J., Markoff, S. B., Martinez, G., Mchardy, I. M., Medina-Tanco, G., Miller, M. C., Miller, J. M., Mulacova, J., Munoz-Darias, T., Norton, A. J., Olsen, P. E. H., Osborne, J. P., Paredes, J. M., Penacchioni, A. V., Perez, M. A., Perez-Torres, M., Peterson, B. M., Picciotto, A., Piemonte, C., Rachevski, A., Ray, P. S., De La Rie, R., Rischke, D. H., Rodriguez-Gil, P., Rossi, E. M. R., Russell, D. M., Sabau-Graziati, L., Schaffner-Bielich, J., Schnittman, J. D., Schwope, A. D., Seyler, J. -Y., Smith, D. M., Smith, P. J., Steiner, A. W., Stevens, A. L., Strohmayer, T. E., Thielemann, F. K., Torrejon, J. M., Torres, D. F., Vincent, F. H., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Walk, S. J., Woosley, S. E., Xiao, L., Zorzi, N., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Department of Psychiatry (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai) ( ISMMS ), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] ( RUTGERS ), Institut fur Astronomie und Astrophysik, Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles ( AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Kanazawa University ( KU ), Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille ( CINaM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Tampere University of Technology [Tampere] ( TUT ), University of Southern Mississippi ( USM ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano ( IASF-MI ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali ( IAPS ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( LATT ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] ( IRF ), Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera ( INAF ), Bibliothèque nationale de France ( BnF ), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Palermo ( IASF-Pa ), ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions ( ARC CEED ), The University of Western Australia ( UWA ) -Australian National University ( ANU ) -University of Queensland [Brisbane]-RMIT University [Melbourne]-University of Melbourne, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies ( CoralCoE ), James Cook University ( JCU ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse ( AMIS ), PRES Université de Toulouse-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de synthèse organique ( DCSO ), École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama, INAF-Osservatorio di Cagliari, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques ( LPTMS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Dublin Institute for advanced studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland, Mullard Space Science Laboratory ( MSSL ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire ( IPCM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Laboratoire Univers et Théories ( LUTH ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science [Lyngby] ( DTU Compute ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik ( IAAT ), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), International Space Science Institute ( ISSI ), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine ( UGA UFRM ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institute of Perception, Action and Behaviour ( IPAB ), United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik ( MPE ), Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris ( IPGP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research ( SRON ), University of Technology ( Opole ), Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics ( IMAPP ), Grp Fis Atmosfera, Ctr Andaluz Medio Ambiente CEAMA, Universidad de Granada ( UGR ), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] ( POLYU ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] ( CAS ), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University ( LIU ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon ( IPNL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek ( AI PANNEKOEK ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics ( ECAP ), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg ( FAU ), Centre de recherches de biochimie macromoléculaire ( CRBM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia ( INPA ), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation ( CESCO ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère ( LPCA ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille ( ISM2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Space Telescope Science Institute ( STSci ), IFP Energies nouvelles ( IFPEN ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Arkansas, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste ( INFN, Sezione di Trieste ), National Institute for Nuclear Physics ( INFN ), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert ( DALEMBERT ), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] ( ICE-CSIC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), University of Reading ( UOR ), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Équipe Robotique et InteractionS ( LAAS-RIS ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères - Site INSA Lyon ( IMP ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam ( AIP ), Daimler Chrysler AG ( Daimler ), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan ( CENBG ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Montserrat Volcano Observatory ( MVO ), Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Armand Frappier, Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Argelander Institut für Astronomie, Bonn Universität [Bonn], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] ( SSL ), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel ( CAU ), Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories ( MERL ), Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherland, University of Southern California ( USC ), National University of Defense Technology [Changsha], Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience ( MC2 ), Université Chalmers, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Bautz, M., den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Takahashi, Tadayuki, Bautz, Marshall, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Tadayuki Takahashi, Marshall Bautz, Liu, L. P., Zhang, S. N., Atteia, J. L., Bonnet Bidaud, J. M., Castro Tirado, A. J., D'Aı, A., den Herder, J. W., Gálvez Sanchez, J. L., In't Zand, J. J. M., Nucita, Achille, Seyler, J. Y., Wilson Hodge, C. A., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Fuschino, Fabio, Bianchi, Stefano, Casella, Piergiorgio, DE ROSA, Alessandra, Giovannini, Gabriele, LA FRANCA, Fabio, Marinucci, Andrea, Paredes, M. J., Schneider, Raffaella, Vietri, Mario, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), M., Feroci, E., Bozzo, S., Brandt, M., Hernanz, M., van der Kli, L. P., Liu, P., Orleanski, M., Pohl, A., Santangelo, S., Schanne, L., Stella, T., Takahashi, H., Tamura, A., Watt, J., Wilm, S., Zane, S. N., Zhang, S., Bhattacharyya, I., Agudo, M., Ahangarianabhari, C., Albertu, M., Alford, A., Alpar, D., Altamirano, L., Alvarez, L., Amati, C., Amoro, N., Andersson, A., Antonelli, A., Argan, R., Artigue, B., Artigue, J. L., Atteia, P., Azzarello, P., Bakala, D., Ballantyne, G., Baldazzi, M., Baldo, S., Balman, M., Barbera, C., van Baren, D., Barret, A., Baykal, M., Begelman, E., Behar, O., Behar, T., Belloni, F., Bernardini, G., Bertuccio, S., Bianchi, A., Bianchini, P., Binko, P., Blay, F., Bocchino, M., Bode, P., Bodin, I., Bombaci, J. M., Bonnet Bidaud, S., Boutlouko, F., Bouyjou, L., Bradley, J., Braga, M. S., Brigg, E., Brown, M., Buballa, N., Bucciantini, L., Burderi, M., Burgay, M., Bursa, C., Budtz Jørgensen, E., Cackett, F., Cadoux, P., Cai, G. A., Caliandro, R., Campana, S., Campana, X., Cao, F., Capitanio, J., Casare, P., Casella, A. J., Castro Tirado, E., Cavazzuti, Y., Cavechi, S., Celestin, P., Cerda Duran, D., Chakrabarty, N., Chamel, F., Château, C., Chen, Y., Chen, J., Chenevez, M., Chernyakova, J., Coker, R., Cole, A., Collura, M., Coriat, R., Cornelisse, L., Costamante, A., Cro, W., Cui, A., Cumming, G., Cusumano, B., Czerny, A., D'Aì, F., D'Ammando, V., D'Elia, Z., Dai, E., Del Monte, A., De Luca, D., De Martino, J. P. C., Dercksen, M., De Pasquale, A., De Rosa, M., Del Santo, S., Di Cosimo, N., Degenaar, J. W., den Herder, S., Diebold, T., Di Salvo, Y., Dong, I., Donnarumma, V., Doroshenko, G., Doyle, S. A., Drake, M., Durant, D., Emmanoulopoulo, T., Enoto, M. H., Erkut, P., Esposito, Y., Evangelista, A., Fabian, M., Falanga, Y., Favre, C., Feldman, R., Fender, H., Feng, V., Ferrari, C., Ferrigno, M., Finger, M. H., Finger, G. W., Fraser, M., Frerick, M., Fullekrug, F., Fuschino, M., Gabler, D. K., Galloway, J. L., Gálvez Sanchez, P., Gandhi, Z., Gao, E., Garcia Berro, B., Gendre, O., Gevin, S., Gezari, A. B., Gile, M., Gilfanov, P., Giommi, G., Giovannini, M., Giroletti, E., Gogu, A., Goldwurm, K., Goluchová, D., Götz, L., Gou, C., Gouiffe, P., Grandi, M., Grassi, J., Greiner, V., Grinberg, P., Groot, M., Gschwender, L., Gualtieri, M., Guedel, C., Guidorzi, L., Guy, D., Haa, P., Haensel, M., Hailey, K., Hamuguchi, F., Hansen, D. H., Hartmann, C. A., Haswell, K., Hebeler, A., Heger, M., Hempel, W., Hermsen, J., Homan, A., Hornstrup, R., Hudec, J., Huovelin, D., Huppenkothen, S. C., Inam, A., Ingram, J. J. M., In't Zand, G., Israel, K., Iwasawa, L., Izzo, H. M., Jacob, F., Jetter, T., Johannsen, P. A., Jenke, P., Jonker, J., Josè, P., Kaaret, K., Kalamkar, E., Kalemci, G., Kanbach, V., Kara, D., Karelin, D., Kataria, L., Keek, T., Kennedy, D., Klochkov, W., Kluzniak, E., Koerding, K., Kokkota, S., Komossa, S., Korpela, C., Kouveliotou, A. F., Kowalski, I., Kreykenbohm, L. M., Kuiper, D., Kunneriath, A., Kurkela, I., Kuvvetli, F., La Franca, C., Labanti, D., Lai, F. K., Lamb, C., Lachaud, P. P., Laubert, F., Lebrun, X., Li, E., Liang, O., Limousin, D., Lin, M., Linare, D., Linder, G., Lodato, F., Longo, F., Lu, N., Lund, T. J., Maccarone, D., Macera, S., Maestre, S., Mahmoodifar, D., Maier, P., Malcovati, J., Malzac, C., Malone, I., Mandel, V., Mangano, A., Manousaki, M., Marelli, J., Margueron, M., Marisaldi, S. B., Markoff, A., Markowitz, A., Marinucci, A., Martindale, G., Martínez, I. M., Mchardy, G., Medina Tanco, M., Mehdipour, A., Melato, M., Mendez, S., Mereghetti, S., Migliari, R., Mignani, M., Michalska, T., Mihara, M. C., Miller, J. M., Miller, T., Mineo, G., Miniutti, S., Morsink, C., Motch, S., Motta, M., Mouchet, G., Mouret, J., Mulačová, F., Muleri, T., Muñoz Daria, I., Negueruela, J., Neilsen, T., Neubert, A. J., Norton, M., Nowak, A., Nucita, P., O'Brien, M., Oertel, P. E. H., Olsen, M., Orienti, M., Orio, M., Orlandini, J. P., Osborne, R., Osten, F., Ozel, L., Pacciani, F., Paerel, S., Paltani, Paolillo, Maurizio, I., Papadaki, A., Papitto, Z., Paragi, J. M., Parede, A., Patruno, B., Paul, F., Pederiva, E., Perinati, A., Pellizzoni, A. V., Penacchioni, U., Peretz, M. A., Perez, M., Perez Torre, B. M., Peterson, V., Petracek, C., Pittori, J., Pon, J., Portell, A., Possenti, K., Postnov, J., Poutanen, M., Prakash, I., Prandoni, H., Le Provost, D., Psalti, J., Pye, J., Qu, D., Rambaud, P., Ramon, G., Ramsay, M., Rapisarda, A., Rashevski, I., Rashevskaya, P. S., Ray, N., Rea, S., Reddy, P., Reig, M., Reina Aranda, R., Remillard, C., Reynold, L., Rezzolla, M., Ribo, R., de la Rie, A., Riggio, A., Rio, D. H., Rischke, P., Rodríguez Gil, J., Rodriguez, R., Rohlf, P., Romano, E. M. R., Rossi, A., Rozanska, A., Rousseau, B., Rudak, D. M., Russell, F., Ryde, L., Sabau Graziati, T., Sakamoto, G., Sala, R., Salvaterra, D., Salvetti, A., Sanna, J., Sandberg, T., Savolainen, S., Scaringi, J., Schaffner Bielich, H., Schatz, J., Schee, C., Schmid, M., Serino, N., Shakura, S., Shore, J. D., Schnittman, R., Schneider, A., Schwenk, A. D., Schwope, A., Sedrakian, J. Y., Seyler, A., Shearer, A., Slowikowska, M., Sim, A., Smith, D. M., Smith, P. J., Smith, M., Sobolewska, V., Sochora, P., Soffitta, P., Soleri, L., Song, A., Spencer, A., Stamerra, B., Stapper, R., Staubert, A. W., Steiner, N., Stergioula, A. L., Steven, G., Stratta, T. E., Strohmayer, Z., Stuchlik, S., Suchy, V., Suleimanov, F., Tamburini, T., Tauri, F., Tavecchio, C., Tenzer, F. K., Thielemann, A., Tiengo, L., Tolo, F., Tombesi, J., Tomsick, G., Torok, J. M., Torrejon, D. 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Subjects
X-ray timing, [ SDU.ASTR.GA ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Field of view, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Observatory, timing, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, Physics, microchannel plates. PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ARRAY, CALIBRATION, X-ray astronomy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material, Applied Mathematics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, X-ray detectors, Condensed Matter Physics, compact objects, X-ray spectroscopy, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], spectroscopy, Cosmic Vision, [ INFO ] Computer Science [cs], Silicon detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Condensed Matter Physic, Telescope, X-ray, Silicon detectors, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Optical and Magnetic Materials, Spectral resolution, DETECTOR, ta115, X-ray astronomy, Silicon detectors, timing, spectroscopy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, X-ray imaging, Applied Mathematic, Neutron star, QB460-466 Astrophysics, Large Observatory For x-ray Timing (LOFT), Large Area Detector (LAD), Wide Field Monitor (WFM), Large Area Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD), Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

The Large Observatory For x-ray Timing (LOFT) is a mission concept which was proposed to ESA as M3 and M4 candidate in the framework of the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. Thanks to the unprecedented combination of effective area and spectral resolution of its main instrument and the uniquely large field of view of its wide field monitor, LOFT will be able to study the behaviour of matter in extreme conditions such as the strong gravitational field in the innermost regions close to black holes and neutron stars and the supra-nuclear densities in the interiors of neutron stars. The science payload is based on a Large Area Detector (LAD, >8m2 effective area, 2-30 keV, 240 eV spectral resolution, 1 degree collimated field of view) and a Wide Field Monitor (WFM, 2-50 keV, 4 steradian field of view, 1 arcmin source location accuracy, 300 eV spectral resolution). The WFM is equipped with an on-board system for bright events (e.g., GRB) localization. The trigger time and position of these events are broadcast to the ground within 30 s from discovery. In this paper we present the current technical and programmatic status of the mission. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2016

18. Introducing the CTA concept

Author

A. Mathieu, R. G. Wagner, K. Panagiotidis, S Rosier Lees, Julien Rousselle, M. Gómez Berisso, Michela Uslenghi, Stephen Maxfield, R. C. Shellard, Ivica Puljak, T. Le Flour, Thomas Schanz, Tobias C. Walther, Juanan Aguilar, Pierre Colin, M. Chikawa, N. Fouque, Mosè Mariotti, G. Fontaine, Merja Tornikoski, V. Diez-Blanco, Enrico Giro, A. Krepps, G. Koss, J. M. Martin, Sergio Billotta, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Keitaro Takahashi, S. Buson, P. Brook, S. Steiner, M. Dyrda, Joseph Silk, Sera Markoff, P. Lubinski, U. Schwanke, Sauvik Bhattacharyya, J. Ripken, T. Haubold, C. Zurbach, H. Wetteskind, R. Hermel, J. Darling, J. Nicolau-Kukliński, Konstancja Satalecka, M. Videla, Stefan Funk, P. Conconi, S. Bajtlik, Lukasz Stawarz, J. M. Paredes, K. Reitberger, Stefan Wagner, Teresa Mineo, David Kieda, G. Pareschi, Shigeto Kabuki, Makoto Sawada, Antonio Stamerra, Rodolfo Canestrari, N. Baby, G. Crimi, P. Kostka, J. Grube, R. Zanin, I. K. Kominis, L. Mc Comb, R. Sternberger, M. Fesquet, M. Tokarz, David Fink, Daniela Dorner, N. Hamer Heras, A. Moralejo Olaizola, M. de Naurois, Diego F. Torres, Claes Fransson, K. Nishijima, Yutaka Fujita, L. Fresnillo, B. García, R. Kossakowski, A. Masserot, H. von Gunten, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Ciro Bigongiari, A. Saggion, G. Papyan, I. Mrusek, K. Farakos, J. Michałowski, A. Franckowiak, Fernando Martinez, M. Doert, R. Wawrzaszek, Michele Doro, L. Sapozhnikov, Claudia Lavalley, D. Thuermann, A.A. Zdziarski, Cristina Knapic, Karen Byrum, N. Neyroud, Petr Schovanek, W. Domainko, D. Kastana, E. Birsin, Adrian Biland, F. Sánchez, Alexandre Marcowith, M. Errando, R. L. C. Starling, J. Schultze, A. Weinstein, B. B. Singh, Yassir Moudden, Jelena Aleksić, C. L. Naumann, V. Waegebaert, M. Shayduk, U. F. Katz, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, M. Schroedter, A. Vollhardt, O. Reimann, Hideyuki Ohoka, Vincenzo Testa, C. Jablonski, Tsuguya Naito, J. Schäfer, Stavros Maltezos, A. Wierzcholska, P. Wawer, L. Nellen, F. Mirabel, Tatsuo Yoshida, P. H. 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M., Comb, N., Mccubbin, I., Mchardy, R., Mckay, C., Medina, C., Melioli, D., Melkumyan, S., Mereghetti, P., Mertsch, M., Meucci, J., Michalowski, P., Micolon, A., Mihailidi, T., Mineo, M., Minuti, N., Mirabal, F., Mirabel, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, T., Mizuno, B., Moal, R., Moderski, I., Mognet, E., Molinari, M., Molinaro, T., Montaruli, I., Monteiro, P., Moore, A. M., Olaizola, M., Mordalska, C., Morello, K., Mori, F., Mottez, Y., Moudden, E., Moulin, I., Mrusek, R., Mukherjee, P., Munar Adrover, H., Muraishi, K., Murase, A., Murphy, S., Nagataki, T., Naito, D., Nakajima, T., Nakamori, K., Nakayama, C., Naumann, D., Naumann, M., Naumann Godo, P., Nayman, D., Nedbal, D., Neise, L., Nellen, V., Neustroev, N., Neyroud, L., Nicastro, J., Nicolau Kuklinski, A., Niedzwiecki, J., Niemiec, D., Nieto, A., Nikolaidi, K., Nishijima, S., Nolan, R., Northrop, D., Nosek, N., Nowak, A., Nozato, P., O'Brien, Y., Ohira, M., Ohishi, S., Ohm, H., Ohoka, T., Okuda, A., Okumura, R. 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F., Torre, M., Torre, G., Tosti, T., Totani, C., Toussenel, G., Tovmassian, P., Travnicek, M., Trifoglio, I., Troyano, K., Tsingano, H., Ueno, K., Umehara, S. S., Upadhya, T., Usher, M., Uslenghi, J. F., Valdes Galicia, P., Vallania, G., Vallejo, W. v., Driel, C. v., Eldik, J., Vandenbrouke, J., Vanderwalt, H., Vankov, G., Vasileiadi, V., Vassiliev, D., Veberic, I., Vega, S., Vercellone, S., Vergani, C., Veyssiere, J. P., Vialle, A., Viana, M., Videla, P., Vincent, S., Vincent, J., Vink, N., Vlahaki, L., Vlaho, P., Vogler, A., Vollhardt, H. . ., P., S., Vorobiov, C., Vuerli, V., Waegebaert, R., Wagner, R. G., Wagner, S., Wagner, S. P., Wakely, R., Walter, T., Walther, K., Warda, R., Warwick, P., Wawer, R., Wawrzaszek, N., Webb, P., Wegner, A., Weinstein, Q., Weitzel, R., Welsing, M., Werner, H., Wetteskind, R., White, A., Wierzcholska, S., Wiesand, M., Wilkinson, D. A., William, R., Willingale, K., Winiarski, R., Wischnewski, L., Wisniewski, M., Wood, A., Woernlein, Q., Xiong, K. K., Yadav, H., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, R., Yamazaki, S., Yanagita, J. M., Yebra, D., Yelo, A., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, V., Zabalza, M., Zacharia, A., Zajczyk, R., Zanin, A., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zhao, X., Zhou, K., Zietara, J., Ziolkowski, P., Ziolkowski, V., Zitelli, C., Zurbach, P., Zychowski, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CTA, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
Next generation Cherenkov telescopes, Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, TeV GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY, Observatory, Air showers, HESS, Cherenkov Telescopes, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, MISSION, SUPERNOVA REMNANT W44, TELESCOPE, ASTRONOMY, EMISSION, Physics, ta213, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, TeV gamma-ray astronomy, ddc:540, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Air shower, AIR SHOWERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Preparatory phase, ta115, TeV gamma-ray astronomy Air showers Cherenkov Telescopes, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, CHERENKOV TELESCOPES, Física, Astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Cherenkov Telescope Array, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, Design study, Telecommunications, business
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project., La lista completa de autores puede consultarse en el documento o en la página web de la revista., Facultad de Ingeniería

Published
2013

19. The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT)

Author

Feroci, M., Stella, L., Klis, M., Courvoisier, T. J. -L, Hernanz, M., Hudec, R., Santangelo, A., Walton, D., Zdziarski, A., Barret, D., Belloni, T., Braga, José, Brandt, S., Budtz-Jørgensen, C., Campana, S., Den Herder, J. -W, Huovelin, J., Israel, G. L., Pohl, M., Ray, P., Vacchi, A., Zane, S., Argan, A., Primo Attinà, Bertuccio, G., Bozzo, E., Campana, R., Chakrabarty, D., Costa, E., Rosa, A., Del Monte, E., Di Cosimo, S., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Haas, D., Jonker, P., Korpela, S., Labanti, C., Malcovati, P., Mignani, R., Muleri, F., Rapisarda, M., Rashevsky, A., Rea, N., Rubini, A., Tenzer, C., Wilson-Hodge, C., Winter, B., Wood, K., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Abramowicz, M. A., Alpar, M. A., Altamirano, D., Alvarez, J. M., Amati, L., Amoros, C., Antonelli, L. A., Artigue, R., Azzarello, P., Bachetti, M., Baldazzi, G., Barbera, M., Barbieri, C., Basa, S., Baykal, A., Belmont, R., Boirin, L., Bonvicini, V., Burderi, L., Bursa, M., Cabanac, C., Cackett, E., Caliandro, G. A., Casella, P., Chaty, S., Chenevez, J., Coe, M. J., Collura, A., Corongiu, A., Covino, S., Cusumano, G., D Amico, Frank, Dall Osso, S., Martino, D., Paris, G., Di Persio, G., Di Salvo, T., Done, C., Dovčiak, M., Drago, A., Ertan, U., Fabiani, S., Falanga, M., Fender, R., Ferrando, P., Della Monica Ferreira, D., Fraser, G., Frontera, F., Fuschino, F., Galvez, J. L., Gandhi, P., Giommi, P., Godet, O., Göǧüş, E., Goldwurm, A., Götz, D., Grassi, M., Guttridge, P., Hakala, P., Henri, G., Hermsen, W., Horak, J., Hornstrup, A., In T Zand, J. J. M., Isern, J., Kalemci, E., Kanbach, G., Karas, V., Kataria, D., Kennedy, T., Klochkov, D., Kluźniak, W., Kokkotas, K., Kreykenbohm, I., Krolik, J., Kuiper, L., Kuvvetli, I., Kylafis, N., Lattimer, J. M., Lazzarotto, F., Leahy, D., Lebrun, F., Lin, D., Lund, N., Maccarone, T., Malzac, J., Marisaldi, M., Martindale, A., Mastropietro, M., Mcclintock, J., Mchardy, I., Mendez, M., Mereghetti, S., Miller, M. C., Mineo, T., Morelli, E., Morsink, S., Motch, C., Motta, S., Muñoz-Darias, T., Naletto, G., Neustroev, V., Nevalainen, J., Olive, J. F., Orio, M., Orlandini, M., Orleanski, P., Ozel, F., Pacciani, L., Paltani, S., Papadakis, I., Papitto, A., Patruno, A., Pellizzoni, A., Petráček, V., Petri, J., Petrucci, P. O., Phlips, B., Picolli, L., Possenti, A., Psaltis, D., Rambaud, D., Reig, P., Remillard, R., Rodriguez, J., Romano, P., Romanova, M., Schanz, T., Schmid, C., Segreto, A., Shearer, A., Smith, A., Smith, P. J., Soffitta, P., Stergioulas, N., Stolarski, M., Stuchlik, Z., Tiengo, A., Torres, D., Török, G., Turolla, R., Uttley, P., Vaughan, S., Vercellone, S., Waters, R., Watts, A., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Wilms, J., Zampieri, L., Zezas, A., Ziolkowski, J., Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Astronomy, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), M. Feroci, L. Stella, M. v. der, T. Courvoisier, M. Hernanz, R. Hudec, A. Santangelo, D. Walton, A. Zdziarski, D. Barret, T. Belloni, J. Braga, S. Brandt, C. Budtz-Jorgensen, S. Campana, J. d. Herder, J. Huovelin, G. Israel, M. Pohl, P. Ray, A. Vacchi, S. Zane, A. Argan, P. Attina, G. Bertuccio, E. Bozzo, R. Campana, D. Chakrabarty, E. Costa, A. D. Rosa, E. D. Monte, S. D. Cosimo, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, D. Haa, P. Jonker, S. Korpela, C. Labanti, P. Malcovati, R. Mignani, F. Muleri, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, N. Rea, A. Rubini, C. Tenzer, C. Wilson-Hodge, B. Winter, K. Wood, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, M. Abramowicz, M. Alpar, D. Altamirano, J. Alvarez, L. Amati, C. Amoro, L. Antonelli, R. Artigue, P. Azzarello, M. Bachetti, G. Baldazzi, M. Barbera, C. Barbieri, S. Basa, A. Baykal, R. Belmont, L. Boirin, V. Bonvicini, L. Burderi, M. Bursa, C. Cabanac, E. Cackett, G. Caliandro, P. Casella, S. Chaty, J. Chenevez, M. Coe, A. Collura, A. Corongiu, S. Covino, G. Cusumano, F. D'Amico, S. Dall'Osso, D. D. Martino, G. D. Pari, G. D. Persio, T. D. Salvo, C. Done, M. Dovciak, A. Drago, U. Ertan, S. Fabiani, M. Falanga, R. Fender, P. Ferrando, D. Ferreira, G. Fraser, F. Frontera, F. Fuschino, J. Galvez, P. Gandhi, P. Giommi, O. Godet, E. Gogu, A. Goldwurm, D. Gotz, M. Grassi, P. Guttridge, P. Hakala, G. Henri, W. Hermsen, J. Horak, A. Hornstrup, J. i. Zand, J. Isern, E. Kalemci, G. Kanbach, V. Kara, D. Kataria, T. Kennedy, D. Klochkov, W. Kluzniak, K. Kokkota, I. Kreykenbohm, J. Krolik, L. Kuiper, I. Kuvvetli, N. Kylafi, J. Lattimer, F. Lazzarotto, D. Leahy, F. Lebrun, D. Lin, N. Lund, T. Maccarone, J. Malzac, M. Marisaldi, A. Martindale, M. Mastropietro, J. McClintock, I. McHardy, M. Mendez, S. Mereghetti, M. Miller, T. Mineo, E. Morelli, S. Morsink, C. Motch, S. Motta, T. Munoz-Daria, G. Naletto, V. Neustroev, J. Nevalainen, J. Olive, M. Orio, M. Orlandini, P. Orleanski, F. Ozel, L. Pacciani, S. Paltani, I. Papadaki, A. Papitto, A. Patruno, A. Pellizzoni, V. Petracek, J. Petri, P. Petrucci, B. Phlip, L. Picolli, A. Possenti, D. Psalti, D. Rambaud, P. Reig, R. Remillard, J. Rodriguez, P. Romano, M. Romanova, T. Schanz, C. Schmid, A. Segreto, A. Shearer, A. Smith, P. Smith, P. Soffitta, N. Stergioula, M. Stolarski, Z. Stuchlik, A. Tiengo, D. Torre, G. Torok, R. Turolla, P. Uttley, S. Vaughan, S. Vercellone, R. Water, A. Watt, R. Wawrzaszek, N. Webb, J. Wilm, L. Zampieri, A. Zeza, J. Ziolkowski, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Feroci, M., Stella, L., van der Klis, M., Courvoisier, T. J.-L., Hernanz, M., Hudec, R., Santangelo, A., Walton, D., Zdziarski, A., Barret, D., Belloni, T., Braga, J., Brandt, S., Budtz-Jørgensen, C., Campana, S., den Herder, J.-W., Huovelin, J., Israel, G. L., Pohl, M., Ray, P., Vacchi, A., Zane, S., Argan, A., Attinà, P., Bertuccio, G., Bozzo, E., Campana, R., Chakrabarty, D., Costa, E., De Rosa, A., Del Monte, E., Di Cosimo, S., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Haas, D., Jonker, P., Korpela, S., Labanti, C., Malcovati, P., Mignani, R., Muleri, F., Rapisarda, M., Rashevsky, A., Rea, N., Rubini, A., Tenzer, C., Wilson-Hodge, C., Winter, B., Wood, K., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Abramowicz, M. A., Alpar, M. A., Altamirano, D., Alvarez, J. M., Amati, L., Amoros, C., Antonelli, L. A., Artigue, R., Azzarello, P., Bachetti, M., Baldazzi, G., Barbera, M., Barbieri, C., Basa, S., Baykal, A., Belmont, R., Boirin, L., Bonvicini, V., Burderi, L., Bursa, M., Cabanac, C., Cackett, E., Caliandro, G. A., Casella, P., Chaty, S., Chenevez, J., Coe, M. J., Collura, A., Corongiu, A., Covino, S., Cusumano, G., D'Amico, F., Dall'Osso, S., De Martino, D., De Paris, G., Di Persio, G., Di Salvo, T., Done, C., Dovčiak, M., Drago, A., Ertan, U., Fabiani, S., Falanga, M., Fender, R., Ferrando, P., Della Monica Ferreira, D., Fraser, G., Frontera, F., Fuschino, F., Galvez, J. L., Gandhi, P., Giommi, P., Godet, O., Göǧüş, E., Goldwurm, A., Götz, D., Grassi, M., Guttridge, P., Hakala, P., Henri, G., Hermsen, W., Horak, J., Hornstrup, A., in't Zand, J. J. M., Isern, J., Kalemci, E., Kanbach, G., Karas, V., Kataria, D., Kennedy, T., Klochkov, D., Kluźniak, W., Kokkotas, K., Kreykenbohm, I., Krolik, J., Kuiper, L., Kuvvetli, I., Kylafis, N., Lattimer, J. M., Lazzarotto, F., Leahy, D., Lebrun, F., Lin, D., Lund, N., Maccarone, T., Malzac, J., Marisaldi, M., Martindale, A., Mastropietro, M., McClintock, J., McHardy, I., Mendez, M., Mereghetti, S., Miller, M. C., Mineo, T., Morelli, E., Morsink, S., Motch, C., Motta, S., Muñoz-Darias, T., Naletto, G., Neustroev, V., Nevalainen, J., Olive, J. F., Orio, M., Orlandini, M., Orleanski, P., Ozel, F., Pacciani, L., Paltani, S., Papadakis, I., Papitto, A., Patruno, A., Pellizzoni, A., Petráček, V., Petri, J., Petrucci, P. O., Phlips, B., Picolli, L., Possenti, A., Psaltis, D., Rambaud, D., Reig, P., Remillard, R., Rodriguez, J., Romano, P., Romanova, M., Schanz, T., Schmid, C., Segreto, A., Shearer, A., Smith, A., Smith, P. J., Soffitta, P., Stergioulas, N., Stolarski, M., Stuchlik, Z., Tiengo, A., Torres, D., Török, G., Turolla, R., Uttley, P., Vaughan, S., Vercellone, S., Waters, R., Watts, A., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Wilms, J., Zampieri, L., Zezas, A., Ziolkowski, J., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, and Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)

Subjects
Event horizon, X-ray timing, Mission, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, neutron stars, T175 Industrial research. Research and development, BINARIES, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, ALICE, SILICON DRIFT DETECTOR, Observatory, EQUATION, neutron star, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Missions, X-ray timing, compact objects, black holes, neutron stars, compact objects, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, PROPORTIONAL COUNTER, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Active galactic nucleus, Cosmic Vision, X-ray astronomy, high time variability, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, black holes, Missions, FOS: Physical sciences, 0103 physical sciences, OSCILLATIONS, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Supermassive black hole, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, CONSTRAINTS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Black hole, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, QB460-466 Astrophysics, DISCOVERY, BLACK-HOLE, SUPERAGILE
Abstract

High-time-resolution X-ray observations of compact objects provide direct access to strong-field gravity, to the equation of state of ultra-dense matter and to black hole masses and spins. A 10 m^2-class instrument in combination with good spectral resolution is required to exploit the relevant diagnostics and answer two of the fundamental questions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Cosmic Vision Theme "Matter under extreme conditions", namely: does matter orbiting close to the event horizon follow the predictions of general relativity? What is the equation of state of matter in neutron stars? The Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT), selected by ESA as one of the four Cosmic Vision M3 candidate missions to undergo an assessment phase, will revolutionise the study of collapsed objects in our galaxy and of the brightest supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Thanks to an innovative design and the development of large-area monolithic Silicon Drift Detectors, the Large Area Detector (LAD) on board LOFT will achieve an effective area of ~12 m^2 (more than an order of magnitude larger than any spaceborne predecessor) in the 2-30 keV range (up to 50 keV in expanded mode), yet still fits a conventional platform and small/medium-class launcher. With this large area and a spectral resolution of, 29 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2012

20. DISCOVERY OF NEW GAMMA-RAY PULSARS WITH AGILE

Author

Francesco Longo, S. Sabatini, Maura Pilia, Y. Evangelista, Alessio Trois, A. De Luca, Teresa Mineo, G. De Paris, P. A. Caraveo, D. Zanello, Marco Tavani, Fulvio Gianotti, V. Vittorini, Martino Marisaldi, G. Di Cocco, M. Trifoglio, A. W. Chen, Massimiliano Fiorini, B. Preger, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, Ismaël Cognard, Patrick Weltevrede, F. Fornari, Paolo Esposito, M. Prest, Claudio Labanti, A. Giuliani, V. Cocco, N. D'Amico, Massimo Rapisarda, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Perotti, Enrico Costa, I. Lapshov, Simon Johnston, I. Donnarumma, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, Francesco Lazzarotto, E. Del Monte, F. Boffelli, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, Alessandro Corongiu, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, A. Pellizzoni, Paolo Lipari, Giovanni F. Bignami, Gilles Theureau, F. Fuschino, M. Burgay, A. Morselli, G. Pucella, Michael Kramer, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, S. Vercellone, G. Piano, Guido Barbiellini, P. Santolamazza, Paolo Giommi, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, Andrea Possenti, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Milano (OAM), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli studi di Trieste, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), Pellizzoni A, Pilia M, Possenti A, Chen A, Giuliani A, Trois A, Caraveo P, Del Monte E, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Mereghetti S, Tavani M, Argan A, Burgay M, Cognard I, Corongiu A, Costa E, D'Amico N, De Luca A, Esposito P, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Johnston S, Kramer M, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Theureau G, Weltevrede P, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Cattaneo P W, Cocco V, DAmmando F, DeParis G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari P, Mineo T, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Salotti L, Bignami G F, A., Pellizzoni, M., Pilia, A., Possenti, A., Chen, A., Giuliani, A., Troi, P., Caraveo, E. D., Monte, F., Fornari, F., Fuschino, S., Mereghetti, M., Tavani, A., Argan, M., Burgay, I., Cognard, A., Corongiu, E., Costa, N., D'Amico, A. D., Luca, P., Esposito, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, S., Johnston, M., Kramer, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, G., Theureau, P., Weltevrede, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, F., D'Ammando, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, T., Mineo, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, L., Salotti, and G. F., Bignami

Subjects
Agile, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Pulsars, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, radio pulsar, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, stars: neutron, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Egret, pulsars: individual (PSR J2229+6114 PSR B1509–58 PSR B1821–24), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), biology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Gamma ray, Static timing analysis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, gamma rays: observations, pulsars: general, pulsars: individual: PSR J2229 + 6114 PSR B1509 – 58 PSR B1821 – 24, stars: neutron, Space and Planetary Science, Globular cluster, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma rays: observations
Abstract

Using gamma-ray data collected by the Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (AGILE) satellite over a period of almost one year (from 2007 July to 2008 June), we searched for pulsed signals from 35 potentially interesting radio pulsars, ordered according to $F_{\gamma}\propto \sqrt{\dot{E}} d^{-2}$ and for which contemporary or recent radio data were available. AGILE detected three new top-ranking nearby and Vela-like pulsars with good confidence both through timing and spatial analysis. Among the newcomers we find pulsars with very high rotational energy losses, such as the remarkable PSR B1509-58 with a magnetic field in excess of 10^13 Gauss, and PSR J2229+6114 providing a reliable identification for the previously unidentified EGRET source 3EG 2227+6122. Moreover, the powerful millisecond pulsar B1821-24, in the globular cluster M28, is detected during a fraction of the observations. Four other promising gamma-ray pulsar candidates, among which is the notable J2043+2740 with an age in excess of 1 million years, show a possible detection in the timing analysis only and deserve confirmation., Comment: Minor changes to match the final ApJ version. 5 pages in emulate-apj style, 1 table, 3 figures

Published
2009

21. GRB 070311: a direct link between the prompt emission and the afterglow

Author

P. D'Avanzo, Eliana Palazzi, V. Mangano, G. Chincarini, Alberto Moretti, Sergio Campana, L. A. Antonelli, E. Molinari, G. Stratta, Teresa Mineo, Filippo Maria Zerbi, D. Malesani, P. Romano, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Eleonora Troja, Stefano Covino, Luciano Nicastro, Milvia Capalbi, E. J. A. Meurs, Gaspare Cusumano, Rashid Sunyaev, D. Fugazza, K. L. Page, S. D. Vergani, Javier Gorosabel, N. Masetti, M. Perri, B. Sbarufatti, Sergey Sazonov, C. Guidorzi, D. C. Morris, Sergey V. Molkov, A. Llorente, C GUIDORZI, SD VERGANI, S SAZONOV, S COVINO, D MALESANI, S MOLKOV, E PALAZZI, P ROMANO, S CAMPANA, G CHINCARINI, D FUGAZZA, A MORETTI, G TAGLIAFERRI, A LLORENTE, J GOROSABEL, LA ANTONELLI, M CAPALBI, G CUSUMANO, P D'AVANZO, V MANGANO, N MASETTI, E MEURS, T MINEO, E MOLINARI, DC MORRIS, L NICASTRO, KL PAGE, M PERRI, B SBARUFATTI, G STRATTA, R SUNYAEV, TROJA E, and FM ZERBI

Subjects
Physics, gamma rays: bursts, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, X-rays: individuals: GRB 070311, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Afterglow, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-ray burst, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Time profile
Abstract

We present prompt gamma-ray, early NIR/optical, late optical and X-ray observations of the peculiar GRB 070311 discovered by INTEGRAL, in order to gain clues on the mechanisms responsible for the prompt gamma-ray pulse as well as for the early and late multi-band afterglow of GRB 070311. We fitted with empirical functions the gamma-ray and optical light curves and scaled the result to the late time X-rays. The H-band light curve taken by REM shows two pulses peaking 80 and 140 s after the peak of the gamma-ray burst and possibly accompanied by a faint gamma-ray tail. Remarkably, the late optical and X-ray afterglow underwent a major rebrightening between 3x10^4 and 2x10^5 s after the burst with an X-ray fluence comparable with that of the prompt emission extrapolated in the same band. Notably, the time profile of the late rebrightening can be described as the combination of a time-rescaled version of the prompt gamma-ray pulse and an underlying power law. This result supports a common origin for both prompt and late X-ray/optical afterglow rebrightening of GRB 070311 within the external shock scenario. The main fireball would be responsible for the prompt emission, while a second shell would produce the rebrightening when impacting the leading blastwave in a refreshed shock (abridged)., 14 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, accepted to A&A

Published
2007

22. Attributes of flares in Gamma Ray Bursts: sample I

Author

Chincarini, G., Moretti, A., Romano, P., Falcone, A. D., Campana, S., Covino, S., Guidorzi, C., Tagliaferri, G., Burrows, D. N., Capalbi, M., Cusumano, G., Giommi, P., Mangano, V., La Parola, V., Mineo, T., Perri, M., Troja, E., G CHINCARINI, A MORETTI, P ROMANO, A D FALCONE, S CAMPANA, S COVINO, C GUIDORZI, G TAGLIAFERRI, D N BURROWS, M CAPALBI, G CUSUMANO, P GIOMMI, V MANGANO, V LA PAROLA, T MINEO, M PERRI, and TROJA E

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics
Abstract

We discuss some of the preliminary results and findings derived from the analysis of a first sample of flares detected by the XRT on board Swift. The analysis shows that the morphology of flares is the one we expect from the collision of ultra-relativistic shells as it happens during the internal shock model proposed by Rees and Meszaros in 1994. Furthermore the Delta(t)/t ratio and the decay-time to rise-time ratio have mean values that are in good agreement with the values observed in the prompt emission pulses that are believed to originate from internal shocks. The conclusion is that the flare analysis favors the internal shock as due to shells that have been ejected by the central engine after the prompt emission. The central engine seems to remain active and capable of generating large amounts of energy also at later times. More data are needed to establish whether or not some of the flares could be due to shells that have been emitted with small Lorentz factor at the time of the prompt emission and generate later time flares due to the catch up of these shells., Paper presented at the GRB meeting in Venice: Swift and GRBs: Unveiling the relativistic Universe

Published
2007

23. Pile-up correction for the Swift-XRT observations in WT mode

Author

Mineo, T., Romano, P., Mangano, V., Moretti, A., Cusumano, G., La Parola, V., Troja, E., Campana, S., Chincarini, G., Tagliaferri, G., Capalbi, M., Perri, M., Giommi, P., Burrows, D., T MINEO, P ROMANO, V MANGANO, A MORETTI, G CUSUMANO, V LA PAROLA, TROJA E, S CAMPANA, G CHINCARINI, G TAGLIAFERRI, M CAPALBI, M PERRI, P GIOMMI, and D BURROWS

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics
Abstract

The detector at the focal plane of the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) supports four readout modes, automatically changed on board, to cover the dynamical range of fluxes and rapid variability expected from GRB afterglows. The Windowed Timing (WT) mode is used for sources with flux higher than a few mCrab and is obtained by compressing 10 rows into a single row, and then reading out only the central 200 columns of the CCD. Point sources with a rate above ~300 c/s produce severe pile-up in the central region of the Point Spread Function. This paper presents three methods to correct the effects of the pile-up in WT mode. On ground calibration results and data from the very bright GRB 060124 are used to define and test these methods., Comment: 2 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of "SWIFT and GRBs: Unveiling the Relativistic Universe" June 5-9, 2006 Venice (Italy); revised version with new references

Published
2007
Full Text
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24. Swift Observations of GRB 051109B

Author

Troja, E., Cusumano, G., LaParola, V., Mangano, V., Mineo, T., TROJA E, G CUSUMANO, V LA PAROLA, V MANGANO, and T MINEO

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Swift observations of GRB 051109B, a soft long burst triggered by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). The soft photon index of the prompt emission suggest it is a X-ray Flash (XRF) or, at least, a X-ray Rich (XRR) burst. The X-ray lightcurve displays the canonical shape of many other GRBs, a double b roken power law with a small flare superimposed at ~T_0+1500 s, and its extrapolation to early times smoothly joins with the BAT lightcurve. On the basis of the derived optical to X-ray flux ratio, it cannot be classified as a dark burst., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings of "SWIFT and GRBs: Unveiling the Relativistic Universe" June 5-9, 2006 Venice (Italy)

Published
2007
Full Text
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25. Swift GRBs: The early afterglow spectral energy distribution

Author

Tagliaferri, G., Malesani, D., Vergani, S. D., Campana, S., Chincarini, G., Covino, S., Guidorzi, C., Moretti, A., Romano, P., Antonelli, L. A., Capalbi, M., Conciatore, M. L., Cusumano, G., Giommi, P., La Parola, V., Mangano, V., Mineo, T., Perri, M., Troja, E., G TAGLIAFERRI, D MALESANI, S D VERGANI, S CAMPANA, G CHINCARINI, S COVINO, C GUIDORZI, A MORETTI, P ROMANO, L A ANTONELLI, M CAPALBI, M L CONCIATORE, G CUSUMANO, P GIOMMI, V LA PAROLA, V MANGANO, T MINEO, M PERRI, and TROJA E

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first results of a program to systematically study the optical-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) of Swift GRB afterglows with known redshift. The goal is to study the properties of the GRB explosion and of the intervening absorbing material. In this report we present the preliminary analysis on 23 afterglows. Thanks to Swift, we could build the SED at early times after the GRB (minutes to hours). We derived the Hydrogen column densities and the spectral slopes from the X-ray spectrum. We then constrained the visual extinction by requiring that the combined optical/X-ray SED is due to synchrotron, namely either a single power law or a broken power law with a slope change by 0.5. We confirm a low dust-to-metal ratio, smaller than in the SMC, even from the analysis of data taken significantly earlier than previously possible. Our analysis does not support the existence of ``grey'' dust. We also find that the synchrotron spectrum works remarkably well to explain afterglow SEDs. We clearly see, however, that during the X-ray steep decay phases and the flares, the X-ray radiation cannot be due only to afterglow emission., To be published in the proceedings of the conference "SWIFT and GRBs: Unveiling the Relativistic Universe", Venice, June 5-9, 2006. To appear in Il Nuovo Cimento, 8 pages, 5 figures

Published
2006

26. The short GRB 051210 observed by Swift

Author

La Parola, V., Mangano, V., Zhang, B., Cusumano, G., Mineo, T., Troja, E., Burrows, D. N., Campana, S., Capalbi, M., Chincarini, G., Giommi, P., Moretti, A., Perri, M., Romano, P., Tagliaferri, G., V LA PAROLA, V MANGANO, B ZHANG, G CUSUMANO, T MINEO, TROJA E, D N BURROWS, S CAMPANA, M CAPALBI, G CHINCARINI, P GIOMMI, A MORETTI, M PERRI, P ROMANO, and G TAGLIAFERRI

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on the short GRB051210 detected by the Swift-BAT. The light curve, on which we focus mainly, shows a hint of extended emission in the BAT energy range, a steep decay of the X-ray emission, without any flattening or break, and two small flares in the first 300 sec. The emission fades out after ~1000 s., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings of "SWIFT and GRBs: Unveiling the Relativistic Universe" June 5-9, 2006 Venice (Italy)

Published
2006

27. Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Author

K. Ziȩtara, A. Konopelko, J. Rico, Philippe Laporte, Tatsuo Yoshida, A. Etchegoyen, Dennis Haefner, C. Morello, L. Garrido, Philip Kaaret, T. Yamamoto, F. Di Pierro, Wystan Benbow, B. Sacco, T. O. B. Schmidt, T. Krähenbühl, N. Geffroy, I. M. McHardy, Toru Tanimori, A. Salini, F. Grañena, A. Liolios, A. C. Rovero, A. Mendes, Etienne Lyard, Juan Abel Barrio, Jürgen Schmoll, R. Dubois, A. N. Otte, J. Bolmont, S. Rivoire, K. Berger, A. Nikolaidis, J.-P. Ernenwein, A. Bobkov, D. Allan, C. Schultz, Masayuki Tanaka, G. Deleglise, Oliver Grimm, Ł. Płatos, O. Tibolla, M. Gochna, S. Schwarzburg, H. Arnaldi, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Valerie Connaughton, Adriano Fontana, D. Nedbal, P. Jean, Alejandro Ibarra, S. Spyrou, Gustavo E. Romero, Judith H. Croston, F. Feinstein, L. Tibaldo, M. Benallou, Shinji Hara, D. Florin, A. E. Szymkowiak, J.L. Van der Walt, Stefano Covino, Shigehiro Nagataki, G. Busetto, P. Nayman, G. Lamanna, William J. Potter, Tadashi Kifune, O. Corpace, M. Bourgeat, N. Webb, J. K. Becker, K. Hultquist, P. Majumdar, Anna Szostek, M. Compin, Petter Hofverberg, Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos, J. Ingjald, R. Kossakowski, A. Mangano, Kunihito Ioka, Jonathan Granot, S. Buson, P. Manigot, J. M. Paredes, M. Gómez Berisso, Massimiliano Belluso, A. Kretzschmann, M. Stodulski, L. Venter, Artemio Herrero, Nu. Komin, German Hermann, Dorota Sobczyńska, Reinhard Schlickeiser, Akira Okumura, Felix Spanier, Gareth Hughes, J. Carr, Antonio Stamerra, Norita Kawanaka, T. Shibata, R. C. Shellard, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, B. Yoffo, T. Dettlaff, R. G. Talbot, L. Fresnillo, A. Manalaysay, I. Jung, Kohta Murase, Geza Gyuk, C. Farnier, J. C. Marin, Julian Sitarek, Francesco Dazzi, H. Ohka, C. Skole, C. Ghag, Patrick Vogler, M. Hauser, M. Cailles, K. Nishijima, Yutaka Fujita, J. Berdugo, Luke O'c. Drury, Naoto Sakaki, F. Köck, P. Sutcliffe, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Hugh Dickinson, Denis Bastieri, Q. Weitzel, Ryoji Enomoto, Josep Colomé, Luigi Lessio, B. Peyaud, C. L. Naumann, Michael Punch, S. Rodriguez, Lucy Fortson, J. P. Osborne, J. Kotula, Piero Giubilato, J. Dyks, W. Kluźniak, T. Schweizer, M. Rataj, Allan Hallgren, Matthew Wood, David Gascon, M. Doert, R. Wawrzaszek, Daniela Hadasch, H. Castarede, P. Wawer, M. Kapala, J.-M. Reymond, A.A. Zdziarski, E. De Cea del Pozo, K. Farakos, D. Corti, A. St. J. Murphy, Mosè Mariotti, Kazutaka Yamaoka, T. C. Arlen, Christian Fruck, Francesco Russo, Stefano Gabici, T. Bernardino, B. Khélifi, B. Huber, T. Glanzman, J. Michałowski, Mark I. Wilkinson, M. Suchenek, Massimo Persic, I. Monteiro, M. I. Martínez, V. Sahakian, R. Firpo, Seth Digel, V. La Parola, F. Roy, Regis Terrier, E. Fokitis, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, D. Melkumyan, E. Edy, Stefano Basso, J. Knapp, Cameron B Rulten, A. Niedźwiecki, Karol Seweryn, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, B. Rudak, V. Scapin, R. Wischnewski, Ricardo Graciani, Gianluca Giavitto, Matthias Beilicke, K. Nakayama, Thomas Schanz, A. Sillanpää, G. Motta, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Elina Lindfors, Hannes Jensen, Henric Krawczynski, Catherine Boisson, C. Medina, Dinko Dimitrov, Karen Byrum, M. Shayduk, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Richard White, Kazunori Kohri, I. Oya, T. Greenshaw, C. Olivetto, Tomasz Szepieniec, R. D. Parsons, Fuyuki Tokanai, Jerzy Grygorczuk, V. Scalzotto, S. Rosier-Lees, Dainis Dravins, Jacco Vink, Włodzimierz Piechocki, F. Stinzing, Felix Ryde, P. Ristori, N. A. McCubbin, M. Hayashida, Martin J. Hardcastle, G.W. Fraser, S. Paiano, S. Blake, U. Barres de Almeida, S. Federici, M. Corlier, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Łukasz Stawarz, Michael S. Briggs, Yvonne Becherini, Martin Pohl, Daniel Mazin, B. Decerprit, Yukikatsu Terada, J. F. Huppert, P. J. Rajda, Justin Vandenbroucke, S. Schlenstedt, S. Renner, Ł. Wiśniewski, Dieter Horns, T. B. Humensky, Takeshi Nakamori, Andreas Quirrenbach, Asdrúbal Enrique Bottani, P. Vallania, B. García, H. von Gunten, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Takashi Saito, Marcos Daniel Actis, Jacek Niemiec, W. Gäbele, C. van Eldik, Olaf Reimer, P. Corona, Robert D. Preece, C. Reimann, Pierre Brun, Thomas Bretz, R. Moderski, Eric Delagnes, Gilles Henri, W. Domainko, P. H. Tam, J. Schultze, A. Weinstein, M. Schroedter, A. Vollhardt, Stavros Maltezos, A. Wierzcholska, P. M. Chadwick, Fabrice Mottez, S. Steiner, M. Dyrda, S. Sun, Victor Stamatescu, M. Bogdan, Felix Aharonian, Hajime Takami, M. Winde, Evgeni Ovcharov, M. Panter, Shohei Yanagita, T. Jogler, Thomas Kihm, P. Micolon, S. J. Nolan, David A. Williams, Joachim Hahn, Q. Xiong, Nikolaos Stergioulas, J. Gaweda, R. Mirzoyan, Nektarios Vlahakis, J. Becerra, N. Fouque, M. Ribordy, V. Vassiliev, Claes Fransson, R. L. C. Starling, J. M. Huet, J. Ruppel, J.-P. Lenain, Enrico Giro, J. Ripken, T. Haubold, A. Lopatin, Joseph Silk, J. Borkowski, P. Lubinski, T. Le Flour, R. Platzer, A. Di Paolo, Reiko Orito, O. C. de Jager, C. Eleftheriadis, A. Gonzalez, T. J. L. McComb, U. Schwanke, S. Brau-Nogue, Yutaka Ohira, Philipp Mertsch, Daniel Ferenc, Maria Concetta Maccarone, F. Gonzalez, V. Golev, Osvaldo Catalano, V. Bugaev, C. Clerc, Michał Szanecki, C. Delgado, L. Pogosyan, M. Renaud, G. Pivato, Sabine Elles, E. J. Quel, R. J. García López, M. Videla, Stefan Funk, H. Vankov, A. Le Padellec, Michele Doro, Saverio Lombardi, S. Pita, A. Wolczko, G. Disset, U. Roeser, Abraham D. Falcone, I. Telezhinsky, S. Artmann, Pierre Colin, M. Chikawa, Daniela Dorner, G. Fontaine, Wolfgang Rhode, C. Baixeras, K. Mori, H. Prokoph, Giancarlo Cusumano, J. L. Dournaux, F. Toussenel, C. Dufour, Ilana M. Braun, Riccardo Paoletti, A. R. Knappy, Sergio Billotta, F. Krennrich, S. Karkar, Anne M. Green, Takanori Yoshikoshi, I. de la Calle Perez, Masahiro Teshima, M. Janiak, C. Stegmann, H. Wetteskind, Marco Tavani, Kostas D. Kokkotas, C. Föhr, J. L. Panazol, S. Cantu, C. Tenzer, I. Vegas, M. Grudzińska, Elisabetta Bissaldi, S. Bajtlik, A. Jacholkowska, P. Małkiewicz, M. Ostrowski, Reshmi Mukherjee, Mario Meucci, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Rodolfo Canestrari, Stefan Wagner, Teresa Mineo, N. Karlsson, M. Tluczykont, A. E. Suárez, David Kieda, R. Steenkamp, Grzegorz Kowal, C. Gasq, Loukas Vlahos, Kathrin Egberts, K. Kosack, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, Adriano Ghedina, Frank M. Rieger, P. Zychowski, J. Bähr, P. Wegner, P. Ziółkowski, Shigeto Kabuki, G. Papyan, Dario Hrupec, P. T. O'Brien, Oscar Blanch, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Robert Wagner, Thomas Lohse, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, C. Maña, Matteo Cerruti, P. Antoranz, Ll. Font, R. Sugawara, M. Casiraghi, C. Kalkuhl, Subir Sarkar, Jelena Aleksić, Juan Cortina, J. Pallota, L. Brunetti, Petar Temnikov, Tomasz Bulik, L. O. Takalo, G. Vasileiadis, Riccardo Rando, J. H. Buckley, V. de Souza, Sera Markoff, G. Pareschi, P. Kostka, J. Grube, M. Tokarz, Manel Errando, David Fink, C. Barbier, Marek Sikora, J. P. Tavernet, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, K. Takahashi, B. Wagner, David Paneque, M. Barcelo, L. Guglielmi, S. Royer, Rika Hagiwara, Nestor Mirabal, R. A. Cameron, R. Walter, G. De La Vega, Jim Hinton, Garret Cotter, M. Sofo Haro, Peter Walter, R. Gredig, S. Vorobiov, A. Bouvier, B. Lieunard, V. A. Kudryavtsev, Mauro Ghigo, John H. Seiradakis, Konrad Bernlöhr, M. de Naurois, A. Yoshida, F. Sánchez, K. Katarzyński, C. Veyssiere, Leszek Bogacz, B. Moal, A. Reimer, J. Koziol, Thomas J. Maccarone, G. Pojmanski, E. Carmona, C. Bauer, Andreu Sanuy, V. J. Guarino, Marc Ribó, Vincenzo Testa, H. Huan, C. Jablonski, Tsuguya Naito, C. Lavalley, M. Karczewski, G. Agnetta, Giovanni Bonanno, A. Zajczyk, C. Díaz, J. Kasperek, E. Lorenz, P. Vincent, K. Saito, S. Cazaux, S. Selmane, B. Kȩdziora, Y. A. Gallant, Serena Mattiazzo, Emilio Molinari, N. La Barbera, Hidetoshi Kubo, M. K. Daniel, Katsuaki Asano, Tanyu Bonev, A. Cillis, L. A. Otero, Gernot Maier, M. Cieślar, M. Ciesielska, Shuichi Gunji, E. Gianakaki, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Apostolos Mastichiadis, S. P. Wakely, G. La Rosa, C. Boutonnet, V. Zitelli, I. Ochoa, M. Raue, E. Fillin-Martino, Ingomar Allekotte, J. P. Vialle, G. Vallejo, Ryo Yamazaki, C. Tchernin, Anna Barnacka, Andrea Santangelo, P. Ringegni, James Chiang, Aya Bamba, B. Giebels, A. Förster, Heide Costantini, N. Galante, R. S. Warwick, Michiko Ohishi, O. Reimann, Guillaume Dubus, K. Kodani, Olga Botner, Andreas Zech, Paolo De Coppi, Louis Antonelli, A. Pepato, A. De Angelis, M. Scarcioffolo, E. M. Santos, Christoph Deil, T. Bird, T. Kneiske, Daniele Spiga, B. Behera, Jürgen Knödlseder, L. Rob, G. Pedaletti, P. Munar, J.F. Glicenstein, Aris Karastergiou, A. Djannati-Ataï, B. Courty, R. A. Ong, J. Dick, Paolo Conconi, S. Giarrusso, G. Maneva, E. Salazar, A. Saggion, E. Birsin, Adrian Biland, Markus Gaug, Gino Tosti, M. Á. Sánchez Conde, Abelardo Moralejo, Chad Finley, J. D. Ponz, Hideaki Katagiri, A. M. Lopez, G. Pühlhofer, M. Yonetani, Emmanuel Moulin, E. Aliu, R. Kankanyan, Hiroyasu Tajima, F. Mirabel, Jan Conrad, R. Sternberger, Diego F. Torres, P.H. Carton, P.-O. Petrucci, L. Sapozhnikov, A. Schulz, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, J. P. Finley, J. Boix, Volker Beckmann, S. Klepser, Jun Kakuwa, Dimitris Balis, Hironori Matsumoto, R. Welsing, Matthew R. Orr, Dominique Durand, O. Luz, Nina Nowak, J. M. Illa, A. Aravantinos, P. Romano, A. Oziȩbło, Alessandro Carosi, Keith Bechtol, Elisa Prandini, S. Cavazzani, A. Zagdański, Francesca Volpe, Helene Sol, Ryan Heller, S. Vercellone, A. Bonardi, D. Garrido, Jose Miguel Miranda, Jürgen Barnstedt, Hiroshi Muraishi, Nathan Smith, D. Naumann, German Martinez, F.C. Antico, Kenji Toma, B. Cerruti, S. Couturier, R. Bühler, A. Gadola, F. Guilloux, M. Paz Arribas, F. Dubois, Victor Zabalza, A. G. Akhperjanian, Eckhard Kendziorra, Tomonori Totani, Universitat de Barcelona, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), CTA Collaboration, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), M., Acti, G., Agnetta, F., Aharonian, A., Akhperjanian, J., Aleksic, E., Aliu, D., Allan, I., Allekotte, F., Antico, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, A., Aravantino, T., Arlen, H., Arnaldi, S., Artmann, K., Asano, H., Asorey, J., Baehr, A., Bai, C., Baixera, S., Bajtlik, D., Bali, A., Bamba, C., Barbier, M., Barcelo, A., Barnacka, J., Barnstedt, U. B., De, J. A., Barrio, S., Basso, D., Bastieri, C., Bauer, J., Becerra, Y., Becherini, K., Bechtol, J., Becker, V., Beckmann, W., Bednarek, B., Behera, M., Beilicke, M., Belluso, M., Benallou, W., Benbow, J., Berdugo, K., Berger, T., Bernardino, K., Bernloehr, A., Biland, S., Billotta, T., Bird, E., Birsin, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, S., Blake, O., Blanch, A. A., Bobkov, L., Bogacz, M., Bogdan, C., Boisson, J., Boix, J., Bolmont, G., Bonanno, A., Bonardi, T., Bonev, J., Borkowski, O., Botner, A., Bottani, M., Bourgeat, C., Boutonnet, A., Bouvier, S., Brau Nogue, I., Braun, T., Bretz, M. S., Brigg, P., Brun, L., Brunetti, H., Buckley, V., Bugaev, R., Buehler, T., Bulik, G., Busetto, S., Buson, K., Byrum, M., Caille, R., Cameron, R., Canestrari, S., Cantu, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, J., Carr, P. H., Carton, M., Casiraghi, H., Castarede, O., Catalano, S., Cavazzani, S., Cazaux, B., Cerruti, M., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, J., Chiang, M., Chikawa, M., Cieslar, M., Ciesielska, A., Cilli, C., Clerc, P., Colin, J., Colome, M., Compin, P., Conconi, V., Connaughton, J., Conrad, J. L., Contrera, P., Coppi, M., Corlier, P., Corona, O., Corpace, D., Corti, J., Cortina, H., Costantini, G., Cotter, B., Courty, S., Couturier, S., Covino, J., Croston, G., Cusumano, M. K., Daniel, F., Dazzi, A., Deangeli, E. d., Cea, E. M., De, O. d., Jager, I. d., La, G. D., La, B. D., Lotto, M. d., Nauroi, E. d., Ona, V. d., Souza, B., Decerprit, C., Deil, E., Delagne, G., Deleglise, C., Delgado, T., Dettlaff, A. D., Paolo, F. D., Pierro, C., Diaz, J., Dick, H., Dickinson, S. W., Digel, D., Dimitrov, G., Disset, A., Djannati Ata, M., Doert, W., Domainko, D., Dorner, M., Doro, J. . ., L., D., Dravin, L., Drury, F., Duboi, R., Duboi, G., Dubu, C., Dufour, D., Durand, J., Dyk, M., Dyrda, E., Edy, K., Egbert, C., Eleftheriadi, S., Elle, D., Emmanoulopoulo, R., Enomoto, J. . ., P., M., Errando, A., Etchegoyen, A. D., Falcone, K., Farako, C., Farnier, S., Federici, F., Feinstein, D., Ferenc, E., Fillin Martino, D., Fink, C., Finley, J. P., Finley, R., Firpo, D., Florin, C., Foehr, E., Fokiti, L., Font, G., Fontaine, A., Fontana, A., Foerster, L., Fortson, N., Fouque, C., Fransson, G. W., Fraser, L., Fresnillo, C., Fruck, Y., Fujita, Y., Fukazawa, S., Funk, W., Gaebele, S., Gabici, A., Gadola, N., Galante, Y., Gallant, B., Garcia, R. J., Garcia, D., Garrido, L., Garrido, D., Gascon, C., Gasq, M., Gaug, J., Gaweda, N., Geffroy, C., Ghag, A., Ghedina, M., Ghigo, E., Gianakaki, S., Giarrusso, G., Giavitto, B., Giebel, E., Giro, P., Giubilato, T., Glanzman, J. . ., F., M., Gochna, V., Golev, M. G., Berisso, A., Gonzalez, F., Gonzalez, F., Granena, R., Graciani, J., Granot, R., Gredig, A., Green, T., Greenshaw, O., Grimm, J., Grube, M., Grudzinska, J., Grygorczuk, V., Guarino, L., Guglielmi, F., Guilloux, S., Gunji, G., Gyuk, D., Hadasch, D., Haefner, R., Hagiwara, J., Hahn, A., Hallgren, S., Hara, M. J., Hardcastle, T., Hassan, T., Haubold, M., Hauser, M., Hayashida, R., Heller, G., Henri, G., Hermann, A., Herrero, J. A., Hinton, D., Hoffmann, W., Hofmann, P., Hofverberg, D., Horn, D., Hrupec, H., Huan, B., Huber, J. . ., M., G., Hughe, K., Hultquist, T. B., Humensky, A., Ibarra, J. M., Illa, J., Ingjald, S., Inoue, Y., Inoue, K., Ioka, C., Jablonski, A., Jacholkowska, M., Janiak, P., Jean, H., Jensen, T., Jogler, I., Jung, P., Kaaret, S., Kabuki, J., Kakuwa, C., Kalkuhl, R., Kankanyan, M., Kapala, A., Karastergiou, M., Karczewski, S., Karkar, N., Karlsson, J., Kasperek, H., Katagiri, K., Katarzynski, N., Kawanaka, B., Kedziora, E., Kendziorra, B., Khelifi, D., Kieda, T., Kifune, T., Kihm, S., Klepser, W., Kluzniak, J., Knapp, A. R., Knappy, T., Kneiske, J., Knoedlseder, F., Koeck, K., Kodani, K., Kohri, K., Kokkota, N., Komin, A., Konopelko, K., Kosack, R., Kossakowski, P., Kostka, J., Kotula, G., Kowal, J., Koziol, T., Kraehenbuehl, J., Krause, H., Krawczynski, F., Krennrich, A., Kretzschmann, H., Kubo, V. A., Kudryavtsev, J., Kushida, N. L., Barbera, V. L., Parola, G. L., Rosa, A., Lopez, G., Lamanna, P., Laporte, C., Lavalley, T. L., Flour, A. L., Padellec, L., Lessio, B., Lieunard, E., Lindfor, A., Liolio, T., Lohse, S., Lombardi, A., Lopatin, E., Lorenz, P., Lubinski, O., Luz, E., Lyard, M. C., Maccarone, T., Maccarone, G., Maier, P., Majumdar, S., Maltezo, P., Malkiewicz, C., Mana, A., Manalaysay, G., Maneva, A., Mangano, P., Manigot, J., Marin, M., Mariotti, S., Markoff, G., Martinez, M., Martinez, A., Mastichiadi, H., Matsumoto, S., Mattiazzo, D., Mazin, T. J., L., N., Mccubbin, I., Mchardy, C., Medina, D., Melkumyan, A., Mende, P., Mertsch, M., Meucci, J., Michalowski, P., Micolon, T., Mineo, N., Mirabal, F., Mirabel, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, T., Mizuno, B., Moal, R., Moderski, E., Molinari, I., Monteiro, A., Moralejo, C., Morello, K., Mori, G., Motta, F., Mottez, E., Moulin, R., Mukherjee, P., Munar, H., Muraishi, K., Murase, A. S., Murphy, S., Nagataki, T., Naito, T., Nakamori, K., Nakayama, C., Naumann, D., Naumann, P., Nayman, D., Nedbal, A., Niedzwiecki, J., Niemiec, A., Nikolaidi, K., Nishijima, S. J., Nolan, N., Nowak, P. T., O'Brien, I., Ochoa, Y., Ohira, M., Ohishi, H., Ohka, A., Okumura, C., Olivetto, R. A., Ong, R., Orito, M., Orr, J. P., Osborne, M., Ostrowski, L., Otero, A. N., Otte, E., Ovcharov, I., Oya, A., Ozieblo, S., Paiano, J., Pallota, J. L., Panazol, D., Paneque, M., Panter, R., Paoletti, G., Papyan, J. M., Parede, G., Pareschi, R. D., Parson, M. P., Arriba, G., Pedaletti, A., Pepato, M., Persic, P. O., Petrucci, B., Peyaud, W., Piechocki, S., Pita, G., Pivato, L., Plato, R., Platzer, L., Pogosyan, M., Pohl, G., Pojmanski, J. D., Ponz, W., Potter, E., Prandini, R., Preece, H., Prokoph, G., Puehlhofer, M., Punch, E., Quel, A., Quirrenbach, P., Rajda, R., Rando, M., Rataj, M., Raue, C., Reimann, O., Reimann, A., Reimer, O., Reimer, M., Renaud, S., Renner, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, M., Ribordy, J., Rico, F., Rieger, P., Ringegni, J., Ripken, P., Ristori, S., Rivoire, L., Rob, S., Rodriguez, U., Roeser, P., Romano, G. E., Romero, S., Rosier Lee, A. C., Rovero, F., Roy, S., Royer, B., Rudak, C. B., Rulten, J., Ruppel, F., Russo, F., Ryde, B., Sacco, A., Saggion, V., Sahakian, K., Saito, T., Saito, N., Sakaki, E., Salazar, A., Salini, F., Sanchez, M. A., Sanchez, A., Santangelo, E. M., Santo, A., Sanuy, L., Sapozhnikov, S., Sarkar, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, M., Scarcioffolo, T., Schanz, S., Schlenstedt, R., Schlickeiser, T., Schmidt, J., Schmoll, M., Schroedter, C., Schultz, J., Schultze, A., Schulz, U., Schwanke, S., Schwarzburg, T., Schweizer, J., Seiradaki, S., Selmane, K., Seweryn, M., Shayduk, R. C., Shellard, T., Shibata, M., Sikora, J., Silk, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, C., Skole, N., Smith, D., Sobczynska, M. S., Haro, H., Sol, F., Spanier, D., Spiga, S., Spyrou, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, R. L., C., L., Stawarz, R., Steenkamp, C., Stegmann, S., Steiner, N., Stergioula, R., Sternberger, F., Stinzing, M., Stodulski, U., Straumann, A., Suarez, M., Suchenek, R., Sugawara, K. H., Sulanke, S., Sun, A. D., Supanitsky, P., Sutcliffe, M., Szanecki, T., Szepieniec, A., Szostek, A., Szymkowiak, G., Tagliaferri, H., Tajima, H., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, L., Takalo, H., Takami, R. G., Talbot, P. H., Tam, M., Tanaka, T., Tanimori, M., Tavani, C., Tchernin, L. A., Tejedor, I., Telezhinsky, P., Temnikov, C., Tenzer, Y., Terada, R., Terrier, M., Teshima, V., Testa, L., Tibaldo, O., Tibolla, M., Tluczykont, C. J., Todero, F., Tokanai, M., Tokarz, K., Toma, D. F., Torre, G., Tosti, T., Totani, F., Toussenel, P., Vallania, G., Vallejo, J. v., Der, C. v., Eldik, J., Vandenbroucke, H., Vankov, G., Vasileiadi, V. V., Vassiliev, I., Vega, L., Venter, S., Vercellone, C., Veyssiere, J. P., Vialle, M., Videla, P., Vincent, J., Vink, N., Vlahaki, L., Vlaho, P., Vogler, A., Vollhardt, F., Volpe, H. P., Von, S., Vorobiov, S., Wagner, R. M., Wagner, B., Wagner, S. P., Wakely, P., Walter, R., Walter, R., Warwick, P., Wawer, R., Wawrzaszek, N., Webb, P., Wegner, A., Weinstein, Q., Weitzel, R., Welsing, H., Wetteskind, R., White, A., Wierzcholska, M. I., Wilkinson, D. A., William, M., Winde, R., Wischnewski, L., Wisniewski, A., Wolczko, M., Wood, Q., Xiong, T., Yamamoto, K., Yamaoka, R., Yamazaki, S., Yanagita, B., Yoffo, M., Yonetani, A., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, V., Zabalza, A., Zagdanski, A., Zajczyk, A., Zdziarski, A., Zech, K., Zietara, P., Ziolkowski, V., Zitelli, and P., Zychowski

Subjects
Next generation Cherenkov telescopes, Ciencias Astronómicas, IACT, next generation Cherenkov telescopes, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Design concepts, Ground based gamma ray astronomy, Observatory, Gamma ray astronomy, Instruments astronòmics, Ingeniería Aeronáutica, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Bursts, Radiation, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Particles, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Magic Telescope, design concepts, Electricidad, Simulation, GAMMA-RAY PULSARS, Optical-System, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TELESCOPE, VHE Gamma ray, QUASAR, cosmic rays, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Partícules (Física nuclear), 0103 physical sciences, Astronomia de raigs gamma, 14. Life underwater, 1St Detection, Cherenkov radiation, Particles (Nuclear physics), Astroparticle physics, Telescopis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Astronomical instruments, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Cosmic-Rays, Cherenkov Telescope Array, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Induced Air-Showers, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Next generation Cherenkov telescope, Tev, ground based gamma ray astronomy, Telescopes
Abstract

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Departamento de Aeronáutica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas

28. The ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet

Author

Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusumano, G., D Ali Staiti, G., Danzengluobu, D Elia, V., Mitri, I., D Ettorre-Piazzoli, B., Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., Li, J. Y., Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, M., Paolo Camarri, Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., Yu, G. C., Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., Aloisio, A, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Camarri, P, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Casolino, M, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Cha, M, Creti, P, Cusimano, G, Staiti, Gd, Danzengluobu, D'Elia, V, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre, B, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mineo, T, Mu, J, Nicastro, L, Orlando, D, Panareo, M, Paoloni, A, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Raso, G, Sacco, B, Saggese, L, Santonico, R, Scarsi, L, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Qq, DE VINCENZI, Mario, Bussino, S, DE MITRI, Ivan, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Mari, Sm, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Panareo, Marco, Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, Enrico, Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, Sergio, Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusimano, G., Staiti, G. D., D'Elia, V., Mitri, I. D., D'Ettorre, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, Vincenzi, M. D., DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Sciascio, G. D., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, Michele, Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, M., Paoloni, A., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhu, Q. Q., A., Aloisio, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, P., Bernardini, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, P., Camarri, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, M., Casolino, S., Catalanotti, A., Cavaliere, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, M., Cha, P., Creti, G., Cusimano, G. D., Staiti, V., D'Elia, B., D'Ettorre, B. D., Piazzoli, M. D., Vincenzi, T. D., Girolamo, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, T., Mineo, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, D., Orlando, A., Paoloni, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, G., Raso, B., Sacco, L., Saggese, R., Santonico, L., Scarsi, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, M., Storini, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, Q. K., Yao, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, and Q. Q., Zhu

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The ARCO-YBJ experiment, (Astrophysical Radiation Ground-based Observatory at YaugBaJing) is under construction in Tibet, 90 kill to the north of Lhasa. The full coverage approach and the high altitude location allow the study of many physics items in the field of low energy cosmic rays, namely gamma-ray astronomy, diffuse gamma-rays, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), proton/antiproton ratio, primary proton spectrum and heliosphere physics, In this paper the expected sensitivities of ARGO-YBJ for gamma astronomy and GRB physics are presented and compared with the present experimental techniques and results. The performance of a test-module of similar to 50 m(2) operated on-site is, also discussed.

29. Association of Coronary Computed Tomography-Defined Myocardial Bridge With Pre- and Post-Procedural Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Author

Sakamoto T, Usui E, Hoshino M, Hada M, Nagamine T, Hanyu Y, Nogami K, Ueno H, Setoguchi M, Tahara T, Matsuda K, Mineo T, Wakasa N, Sugiyama T, Yonetsu T, Sasano T, and Kakuta T

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Coronary Angiography, Computed Tomography Angiography, Retrospective Studies, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, Myocardial Bridging physiopathology, Myocardial Bridging diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background: Myocardial bridge (MB) is a common coronary anomaly characterized by a tunneled course through the myocardium. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can identify MB. The impact of MB detected by CCTA on coronary physiological parameters before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown., Methods and Results: We investigated 141 consecutive patients who underwent pre-PCI CCTA and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided elective PCI for de novo single proximal lesions in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). We compared clinical demographics and physiological parameters between patients with and without CCTA-defined MB. MB was identified in 46 (32.6%) patients using pre-PCI CCTA. The prevalence of diabetes was higher among patients with MB. Median post-PCI FFR values were significantly lower among patients with than without MB (0.82 [interquartile range 0.79-0.85] vs. 0.85 [interquartile range 0.82-0.89]; P=0.003), whereas pre-PCI FFR values were similar between the 2 groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of MB and greater left ventricular mass volume in the LAD territory were independently associated with lower post-PCI FFR values. Multivariable logistic regression analysis also revealed that the presence of MB and lower pre-PCI FFR values were independent predictors of post-PCI FFR values ≤0.80., Conclusions: CCTA-defined MB independently predicted both lower post-PCI FFR as a continuous variable and ischemic FFR as a categorical variable in patients undergoing elective PCI for LAD.

Published
2024
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30. Prognostic Value of Global Coronary Flow Reserve Before and After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome.

Author

Nogami K, Hoshino M, Usui E, Kanaji Y, Sugiyama T, Hada M, Nagamine T, Ueno H, Setoguchi M, Tahara T, Sakamoto T, Mineo T, and Kakuta T

Abstract

Background: Impaired global coronary flow reserve (G-CFR), evaluated through phase-contrast cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (PC-CMR), has been linked to worse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of G-CFR improvement, as evaluated using PC-CMR imaging pre- and post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: In this single-center study, 320 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) who underwent pre- and post-PCI PC-CMR measurements were followed-up to determine major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) predictors. MACCE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization due to heart failure, or ischemic stroke. The association between CMR parameters, including baseline data, G-CFR changes post-PCI and MACCE was investigated., Results: G-CFR improvement was observed in 165 (51.6%) patients, while MACCE occurred in 26 (8.1%) during a median follow-up period of 2.5 years. G-CFR improvement was significantly associated with a lower pre-PCI G-CFR. The log-rank test revealed a significant association between patients without G-CFR improvement post-PCI and a poor prognosis. Patients with lower pre-PCI G-CFR and lack of G-CFR improvement exhibited the highest incidence of MACCE. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard model revealed that lack of G-CFR improvement was an independently significant MACCE predictor from pre-PCI G-CFR and SYNTAX score., Conclusions: Besides the association between pre- and post-PCI lower G-CFR and worse prognosis, the presence or absence of G-CFR improvement post-PCI may provide novel insights into the prognosis following elective PCI in patients with CCS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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31. Association between optical coherence tomography-defined culprit morphologies and changes in hyperemic coronary flow after elective stenting assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.

Author

Usui E, Hanyu Y, Sakamoto T, Hoshino M, Hada M, Nagamine T, Nogami K, Ueno H, Setoguchi M, Matsuda K, Sayama K, Tahara T, Mineo T, Kanaji Y, Sugiyama T, Yonetsu T, Sasano T, and Kakuta T

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging, Coronary Vessels physiopathology, Coronary Vessels pathology, Stents, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, Hyperemia diagnostic imaging, Hyperemia physiopathology, Coronary Circulation physiology, Blood Flow Velocity, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Coronary Artery Disease physiopathology, Coronary Artery Disease surgery, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Tomography, Optical Coherence methods, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods, Echocardiography, Doppler methods
Abstract

Background: Stress-transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (S-TDE) provides a noninvasive assessment of coronary flow parameters in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). However, the association between morphological characteristics and coronary flow changes after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between periprocedural coronary flow changes observed on S-TDE and lesion-specific plaque characteristics obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the interrogated vessels in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS)., Methods and Results: Patients with CCS who underwent pre- and post-PCI S-TDE and elective fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI under OCT guidance for de novo single LAD lesions were included. S-TDE-derived hyperemic diastolic peak flow velocity (hDPV) was used as a surrogate for coronary flow. Lesions were categorized into two groups based on the %hDPV increase or decrease. The baseline clinical, physiological, and OCT findings were compared between the groups. In total, 103 LAD lesions were studied in 103 patients. After PCI, hDPV significantly increased from 55.6 cm/s to 69.5 cm/s (P<0.01), with a median %hDPV increase of 27.2 (6.32-59.1) %, while %hDPV decreased in 20 (19.4%) patients. The FFR improved in all patients. On OCT, layered plaques were more frequently present in the culprit vessels in the %hDPV-decrease group than in the %hDPV-increase group (85.0% vs. 50.6%, P = 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of layered plaques and high pre-PCI hDPV were independent predictors of %hDPV decrease., Conclusions: In patients who underwent successful uncomplicated elective PCI for de novo single LAD lesions, the presence of layered plaques was independently associated with hyperemic coronary flow decrease as assessed by S-TDE., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Usui et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
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32. Subcellular localization of MCM2 correlates with the prognosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Author

Aihemaiti G, Kurata M, Nogawa D, Yamamoto A, Mineo T, Onishi I, Kinowaki Y, Jin XH, Tatsuzawa A, Miyasaka N, Kitagawa M, and Yamamoto K

Abstract

Highly malignant tumors overexpress the minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) protein in the nucleus, which is associated with advanced tumor grade, advanced stage, and poor prognosis. In this study, we showed that MCM2 is highly expressed in clinical samples of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Although MCM2 expression was mainly localized to the nuclei as in other cancers, a few cases exhibited cytoplasmic localization of MCM2. Surprisingly, tumor samples with cytoplasmic MCM2 demonstrated excellent prognosis, showing 100% survival during the observation period of more than 200 months. However, cases with nuclear expression of MCM2 exhibited approximately 78% 5-year-survival rate. In a previous study, we showed that Friend leukemia virus (FLV) envelope protein gp70 bound to MCM2, impaired its nuclear translocation, and enhanced DNA damage-induced apoptosis in FLV-infected hematopoietic cells with high levels of MCM2. As expected, clear cell carcinoma cells with cytoplasmic expression of MCM2 exhibited significantly higher apoptotic cell ratio than that of cells with nuclear MCM2 expression. In vitro experiments using ovarian cancer cells with cytoplasmic expression of MCM2 demonstrated that transfection of MCM2-ΔN enhanced DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Therefore, cytoplasmic localization of MCM2 significantly correlated with increased apoptosis in clear cell carcinoma cells, resulting in improved prognosis., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Published
2018
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33. Survival is higher after repeat lung metastasectomy than after a first metastasectomy: Too good to be true?

Author

Treasure T, Mineo T, Ambrogi V, and Fiorentino F

Subjects
Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Metastasectomy adverse effects, Metastasectomy mortality, Patient Selection, Registries, Reoperation, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Lung Neoplasms secondary, Lung Neoplasms surgery, Metastasectomy methods, Pneumonectomy adverse effects, Pneumonectomy mortality
Published
2015
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34. Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Author

Burdett S, Pignon JP, Tierney J, Tribodet H, Stewart L, Le Pechoux C, Aupérin A, Le Chevalier T, Stephens RJ, Arriagada R, Higgins JP, Johnson DH, Van Meerbeeck J, Parmar MK, Souhami RL, Bergman B, Douillard JY, Dunant A, Endo C, Girling D, Kato H, Keller SM, Kimura H, Knuuttila A, Kodama K, Komaki R, Kris MG, Lad T, Mineo T, Piantadosi S, Rosell R, Scagliotti G, Seymour LK, Shepherd FA, Sylvester R, Tada H, Tanaka F, Torri V, Waller D, and Liang Y

Subjects
Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung mortality, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung pathology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Combined Modality Therapy methods, Humans, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Lung Neoplasms radiotherapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Tumor Burden, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung drug therapy, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung surgery, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms surgery
Abstract

Background: To evaluate the effects of administering chemotherapy following surgery, or following surgery plus radiotherapy (known as adjuvant chemotherapy) in patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),we performed two systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all randomised controlled trials using individual participant data. Results were first published in The Lancet in 2010., Objectives: To compare, in terms of overall survival, time to locoregional recurrence, time to distant recurrence and recurrence-free survival:A. Surgery versus surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapyB. Surgery plus radiotherapy versus surgery plus radiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapyin patients with histologically diagnosed early stage NSCLC.(2)To investigate whether or not predefined patient subgroups benefit more or less from cisplatin-based chemotherapy in terms of survival., Search Methods: We supplemented MEDLINE and CANCERLIT searches (1995 to December 2013) with information from trial registers, handsearching relevant meeting proceedings and by discussion with trialists and organisations., Selection Criteria: We included trials of a) surgery versus surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy; and b) surgery plus radiotherapy versus surgery plus radiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy, provided that they randomised NSCLC patients using a method which precluded prior knowledge of treatment assignment., Data Collection and Analysis: We carried out a quantitative meta-analysis using updated information from individual participants from all randomised trials. Data from all patients were sought from those responsible for the trial. We obtained updated individual participant data (IPD) on survival, and date of last follow-up, as well as details of treatment allocated, date of randomisation, age, sex, histological cell type, stage, and performance status. To avoid potential bias, we requested information for all randomised patients, including those excluded from the investigators' original analyses. We conducted all analyses on intention-to-treat on the endpoint of survival. For trials using cisplatin-based regimens, we carried out subgroup analyses by age, sex, histological cell type, tumour stage, and performance status., Main Results: We identified 35 trials evaluating surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery alone. IPD were available for 26 of these trials and our analyses are based on 8447 participants (3323 deaths) in 34 trial comparisons. There was clear evidence of a benefit of adding chemotherapy after surgery (hazard ratio (HR)= 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.81 to 0.92, p< 0.0001), with an absolute increase in survival of 4% at five years.We identified 15 trials evaluating surgery plus radiotherapy plus chemotherapy versus surgery plus radiotherapy alone. IPD were available for 12 of these trials and our analyses are based on 2660 participants (1909 deaths) in 13 trial comparisons. There was also evidence of a benefit of adding chemotherapy to surgery plus radiotherapy (HR= 0.88, 95% CI= 0.81 to 0.97, p= 0.009). This represents an absolute improvement in survival of 4% at five years.For both meta-analyses, we found similar benefits for recurrence outcomes and there was little variation in effect according to the type of chemotherapy, other trial characteristics or patient subgroup.We did not undertake analysis of the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on quality of life and adverse events. Quality of life information was not routinely collected during the trials, but where toxicity was assessed and mentioned in the publications, it was thought to be manageable. We considered the risk of bias in the included trials to be low., Authors' Conclusions: Results from 47 trial comparisons and 11,107 patients demonstrate the clear benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for these patients, irrespective of whether chemotherapy was given in addition to surgery or surgery plus radiotherapy. This is the most up-to-date and complete systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis that has been carried out.

Published
2015
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35. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope discovers the pulsar in the young galactic supernova remnant CTA 1.

Author

Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogaert G, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Carlson P, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, Davis DS, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Dormody M, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Farnier C, Focke WB, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hartman RC, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Kanai Y, Kanbach G, Katagiri H, Kawai N, Kerr M, Kishishita T, Kiziltan B, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Komin N, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Lonjou V, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Makeev A, Marelli M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, McGlynn S, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mineo T, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nolan PL, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piano G, Pieri L, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HF, Sanchez D, Sander A, Parkinson PM, Schalk TL, Sellerholm A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Thorsett SE, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Usher TL, Van Etten A, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Wang P, Watters K, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yasuda H, Ylinen T, and Ziegler M

Abstract

Energetic young pulsars and expanding blast waves [supernova remnants (SNRs)] are the most visible remains after massive stars, ending their lives, explode in core-collapse supernovae. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has unveiled a radio quiet pulsar located near the center of the compact synchrotron nebula inside the supernova remnant CTA 1. The pulsar, discovered through its gamma-ray pulsations, has a period of 316.86 milliseconds and a period derivative of 3.614 x 10(-13) seconds per second. Its characteristic age of 10(4) years is comparable to that estimated for the SNR. We speculate that most unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources associated with star-forming regions and SNRs are such young pulsars.

Published
2008
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36. Gamma-ray bursts: huge explosion in the early Universe.

Author

Cusumano G, Mangano V, Chincarini G, Panaitescu A, Burrows DN, La Parola V, Sakamoto T, Campana S, Mineo T, Tagliaferri G, Angelini L, Barthelemy SD, Beardmore AP, Boyd PT, Cominsky LR, Gronwall C, Fenimore EE, Gehrels N, Giommi P, Goad M, Hurley K, Kennea JA, Mason KO, Marshall F, Mészáros P, Nousek JA, Osborne JP, Palmer DM, Roming PW, Wells A, White NE, and Zhang B

Abstract

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright flashes of high-energy photons that can last for tens of minutes; they are generally associated with galaxies that have a high rate of star formation and probably arise from the collapsing cores of massive stars, which produce highly relativistic jets (collapsar model). Here we describe gamma- and X-ray observations of the most distant GRB ever observed (GRB 050904): its redshift (z) of 6.29 means that this explosion happened 12.8 billion years ago, corresponding to a time when the Universe was just 890 million years old, close to the reionization era. This means that not only did stars form in this short period of time after the Big Bang, but also that enough time had elapsed for them to evolve and collapse into black holes.

Published
2006
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37. Serum hepatocyte growth factor as a possible indicator of vascular lesions.

Author

Nishimura M, Ushiyama M, Ohtsuka K, Nishida M, Inoue N, Matsumuro A, Mineo T, and Yoshimura M

Subjects
Aged, Arterioles, Arteriosclerosis blood, Arteritis blood, Coronary Disease blood, Female, Humans, IgA Vasculitis complications, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Retinal Artery, Retinal Diseases blood, Biomarkers blood, Hepatocyte Growth Factor blood, Vascular Diseases blood
Abstract

To investigate the role of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) in vascular lesions associated with endothelial injury, we measured serum hHGF concentrations in subjects with retinal arteriosclerosis, coronary atherosclerosis, or arteriolitis due to Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Individuals with more advanced grades of retinal arteriosclerosis showed higher serum hHGF concentrations [grade 0, 0.053+/-0.005 ng/mL (n = 68); grade 1, 0.144+/-0.022 ng/mL (n = 21; P<0.01 vs. grade 0); grade 2, 0.338+/-0.036 ng/mL (n = 20; P<0.01 vs. grade 0 or 1); grade 3, 0.526+/-0.051 ng/mL (n = 9; P<0.01 vs. grade 0, 1, or 2)]. Patients with active arteriolitis due to Henoch-Schönlein purpura showed higher (P<0.01) serum hHGF concentrations (0.347+/-0.038 ng/mL; n = 14) than those in the remission phase (0.097+/-0.017 ng/mL; n = 19). Mean serum hHGF concentrations were higher in subjects with coronary atherosclerosis than in those without, but a significant overlap in serum hHGF concentrations was found between subjects with and those without coronary atherosclerosis. Serum hHGF may be an indicator of the presence or development of arteriolar lesions.

Published
1999
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