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Formål: Å undersøke helsearbeidere ved et aktivitetssenter for personer med demens sine erfaringer med å delta på kunstverksted på en kulturinstitusjon sammen med personer som lever med en demenssykdom. Metode: En kvalitativ studie med deltagende observasjon, spørreskjema og fokusgruppeintervju. Tematisk analyse: To av de fire ledsagende helsearbeiderne som deltok i studien, deltok også i analysen av det empiriske materialet. Resultat: Helsearbeidernes erfaringer kan sammenfattes i to overordnede tema: «en styrket relasjon» og «en endret kompetanse». Det første temaet var et resultat av tre faktorer: For det første at de deltok i kunstnerisk samskaping med deltakerne med demens utenfor den vante omsorgssituasjonen. For det andre at samskapingen ga dem en felles erfaring som påvirket pleier-pasient-rollene. For det tredje at de på nye måter ble kjent med deltakerne med demenssykdom. At relasjonen til deltakerne ble styrket, førte også til at helsearbeiderne i etterkant prøvde ut aktiviteter de ikke hadde gjort før. Dette funnet beskrives som «en endret kompetanse». Originalitet: Artikkelen bidrar med kunnskap om helsearbeidernes utbytte av å delta i kunstnerisk samskaping sammen med personer med demens, noe som er underbelyst i forskningen. Resultatene viser hvilket potensial samskaping kan ha som metode når man planlegger kunst- og kulturtilbud hvor personer med demens og helsearbeidere deltar sammen.

Fotball er et globalt populærkulturelt fenomen. På grunn av det enorme engasjementet fotball skaper, følelsene som leves ut, deltakelsen i felles ritualer og dyrkelsen av lag og enkeltspillere, kan fotball sammenlignes med religion. Vi bruker Argentinas seier i fotball-VM i 2022 som utgangspunkt og viser gjennom empiriske eksempler hvordan den enorme interessen for fotball i Argentina og dyrkelsen av Maradona kan forstås som en form for folkereligion. Mot slutten av artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan utforsking av fotball og religion kan brukes didaktisk i undervisningen om religion i skolen i Norge. Nøkkelord: fotball, fotball-VM, folkereligion, folkehelgener, cábala, Maradona

Metaphors play a significant role in how cancer is experienced and discussed. This study delves into the utilization of metaphors by women bloggers grappling with colorectal and gynecological cancers. By focusing on cancer types less represented in mainstream media, we aim to shed light on cancer cultures associated with body areas often considered taboo. Our findings reveal that widely recognized expressions and stories about cancer, such as the metaphors of battle and narratives promoting optimism and heroism in the face of illness, are deeply ingrained. However, a notable discovery is the prevalence of personification alongside these conventional expressions. Personifying cancer endows it with human characteristics, providing an outlet for bloggers to express their fear and frustration, including articulating feelings of sadness and anger, diverging from narratives centered on heroism and positive thinking. Furthermore, our analysis reveals a significant emphasis on death, underscoring that despite advancements in treatment, bloggers still perceive cancer as highly lethal. Personification can serve both detrimental and therapeutic purposes for bloggers and for societal perceptions of cancer survivorship, both reinforcing and opposing dominant Western discourses surrounding the illness. These findings enrich our understanding of cognitive and cultural tools used to describe cancer within contemporary Western society.

Abstract Although sucrose is widely administered to hospitalized infants for single painful procedures, total sucrose volume during the entire neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay and associated adverse events are unknown. In a longitudinal observation study, we aimed to quantify and contextualize sucrose administration during the NICU stay. Specifically, we investigated the frequency, nature, and severity of painful procedures; proportion of procedures where neonates received sucrose; total volume of sucrose administered for painful procedures; and incidence and type of adverse events. Neonates

Introduction Oral sucrose is repeatedly administered to neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to treat pain from commonly performed procedures; however, there is limited evidence on its long-term cumulative effect on neurodevelopment. We examined the association between total sucrose volumes administered to preterm neonates for pain mitigation in the NICU and their neurodevelopment at 18 months of corrected age (CA).Methods A prospective longitudinal single-arm observational study that enrolled hospitalised preterm neonates

Preterm infants are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially language delay. Preterm infants < 29 weeks’ gestational age, cared for in Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network affiliated hospitals, were assessed between 18 to 21 months corrected age using the Bayley-III. Bayley-III Language Composite Scores were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses for children in three primary language groups: English, French and other. 6146 children were included. The primary language at home was English, French or another language for 3708 children (60%), 1312 children (21%) and 1126 children (18%), respectively, and overall, 44% were exposed to two or more languages at home. Univariate analysis showed that primary language was associated with lower Bayley-III Language scores; however, multivariate analyses demonstrated that neither primary language nor language of administration were significantly associated with lower language scores when adjusted for gestational age, other developmental delays and sociodemographic factors, but multiple language exposure was. Sociodemographic and other factors are more important in determining language development than primary language at home. Further studies are needed to examine the association between exposure to multiple languages and lower Bayley-III language scores in preterm infants.

Abstract Exposure to pain‐related stress from frequent invasive procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been associated with altered physiological stress regulation, neurodevelopment, and behavior in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestation). Previously, in a cohort born 2003–2006 (Cohort 1), we found that, at 18 months corrected age (CA), children born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24–28 weeks) and very low gestational age (VLGA; 29–32 weeks), had higher pre‐test cortisol levels and a different pattern of cortisol output across a developmental assessment involving cognitive challenge compared to children born full‐term (FT; 39–41 weeks). Also, greater neonatal pain‐related stress exposure among the preterm children was related to higher pre‐test cortisol levels. Given the adverse long‐term effects of neonatal pain in preterm infants and the ensuing rise in clinical concerns to appropriately manage pain in the NICU in recent years, we aimed to examine whether our findings from Cohort 1 would still be evident in an independent cohort (Cohort 2) born 2006–2011 and recruited from the same tertiary NICU in Vancouver, Canada. We also compared the cortisol patterns, clinical and socio‐demographic factors, and their interrelationships between the two cohorts. In Cohort 2, our findings using multi‐level modeling support and extend our earlier findings in Cohort 1, demonstrating that children born ELGA display higher pre‐test cortisol levels than FT. As well, greater cortisol output across assessment was related to more anxiety/depressive behaviors in children born VLGA. Importantly, children born ELGA were exposed to less neonatal pain/stress, mechanical ventilation, and morphine in Cohort 2 than Cohort 1. In both cohorts, however, cortisol levels and patterns were related to neonatal pain/stress and clinical factors (days on mechanical ventilation, overall morphine exposure). Despite less exposure to pain/stress and adverse clinical factors in Cohort 2 compared to Cohort 1, cortisol levels and patterns across cognitive challenge in preterm children at 18‐month CA were consistent across the two independent cohorts. These findings highlight that, despite improvements to neonatal care, children born extremely preterm continue to display altered HPA axis activity, which is associated with their poorer neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes.

Background The condition known as chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is poorly understood. Simplified medical models tend to neglect the complexity of illness, contributing to a terrain of uncertainty, dilemmas and predicaments. However, despite pessimistic pictures of no cure and poor prognosis, some patients recover. Purpose This study’s purpose is to provide insight into people’s experiences of suffering and recovery from very severe CFS/ME and illuminate understanding of how and why changes became possible. Methods Fourteen former patients were interviewed about their experiences of returning to health. A narrative analysis was undertaken to explore participants’ experiences and understandings. We present the result through one participant’s story. Results The analysis yielded a common plotline with a distinct turning point. Participants went through a profound narrative shift, change in mindset and subsequent long-time work to actively pursue their own healing. Their narrative understandings of being helpless victims of disease were replaced by a more complex view of causality and illness and a new sense of self-agency developed. Discussion We discuss the illness narratives in relation to the disease model and its shortcomings, the different voices dominating the stories at different times in a clinically, conceptually, and emotionally challenging area.

Abstract The absence of functional top predators has been proposed as a mechanism acting to shape fish assemblages in temperate marine ecosystems, with cascading effects on lower trophic levels. We explore this scenario by comparing the trophic and functional status of fish assemblages in Norwegian marine national parks, open to fishing, to a nearby coastal seascape that harbors a system of marine protected areas (MPAs) including a no‐take zone. Demersal fish assemblages were sampled using fyke nets over three consecutive seasons. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is potentially a dominant top predator in this ecosystem, and historically, this and other gadids have been targeted by the full range of former and present fisheries. In the present study, we find that average body size of the Atlantic cod was significantly larger in the zoned seascape compared to the unprotected areas (mean ± SD: 36.6 cm ± 14.38 vs. 23.4 ± 7.50; p

ObjectiveTo develop a simple imaging rule to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4.5 years in a cohort of preterm neonates with white matter injury (WMI) based on lesion location and examine whether clinical variables enhance prediction.MethodsSixty-eight preterm neonates born 24-32 weeks' gestation (median 27.7 weeks) were diagnosed with WMI on early brain MRI scans (median 32.3 weeks). 3D T1-weighted images of 60 neonates with 4.5-year outcomes were reformatted and aligned to the posterior commissure-eye plane and WMI was classified by location: anterior or posterior-only to the midventricle line on the reformatted axial plane. Adverse outcomes at 4.5 years were defined as Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence full-scale IQ

I denne artikkelen utforsker jeg vurderinger av retur fra ståstedet til polske migranter som befinner seg i prekære livssituasjoner i Norge. Det primære empiriske grunnlaget er kvalitative intervjuer med åtte polske migranter, som på intervjutidspunktet stod uten lønnsarbeid og uten tilgang til offentlige velferdsytelser. Gjennom å benytte begreper og perspektiver fra institusjonell etnografi, utfordrer artikkelen institusjonelle forståelser om polske migranter som mobil og midlertidig arbeidskraft i Norge. Artikkelen belyser også hvordan disse institusjonelle forståelsene settes i spill og drar veksler på intervjuer med 12 ansatte i Nav. I artikkelen argumenterer jeg for at polske migranter i prekære livssituasjoner opplever vurderinger av retur som komplekse. Vurderingene har både økonomiske, sosiale og emosjonelle dimensjoner. Retur anses derfor ikke nødvendigvis som et enkelt alternativ, på tross av en svært utfordrende livssituasjon i Norge. Deres erfaringer og vurderinger står i kontrast til institusjonaliserte forestillinger av EØS-mobilitet, som tar utgangspunkt i kortsiktig profittmaksimering og mobilitet som mulighetsgivende for migrantene. Jeg argumenterer for at disse forestillingene av polske migranter og deres forutsetninger for retur virker objektiverende, og at de usynliggjør polske migranter som «hele mennesker».

I denne artikkelen identifiserer jeg tre former for utfordringer som kan hindre at migranter kommer i kontakt med Nav, slik at de kan få vurdert og realisert eventuelle rettigheter til velferdsytelser. Jeg bygger på analyser av intervjuer med arbeidsledige polske migranter som tidligere har hatt ordinært arbeid i Norge, men som ikke mottar noen velferdsytelser. Den første formen for utfordringer er knyttet til deres posisjon i et ustabilt og uforutsigbart arbeidsmarked. Den andre handler om deres svake byråkratiske kompetanse og hvordan slik kompetanse er en forutsetning for vellykket samhandling med Nav. Den tredje typen utfordring som jeg har identifisert, er migrantenes opplevelser av ydmykelse i møte med Nav. Disse ulike formene for utfordringer fører til at terskelen til Nav oppleves som høy og hindrer dem i å få tilgang til velferdsytelser de kunne hatt rett på.

Abstract To predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm neonates. A total of 166 preterm neonates born between 24–32 weeks’ gestation underwent brain MRI early in life. Radiomics features were extracted from T1- and T2- weighted images. Motor, cognitive, and language outcomes were assessed at a corrected age of 18 and 33 months and 4.5 years. Elastic Net was implemented to select the clinical and radiomic features that best predicted outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to determine the predictive ability of each feature set. Clinical variables predicted cognitive outcome at 18 months with AUROC 0.76 and motor outcome at 4.5 years with AUROC 0.78. T1-radiomics features showed better prediction than T2-radiomics on the total motor outcome at 18 months and gross motor outcome at 33 months (AUROC: 0.81 vs 0.66 and 0.77 vs 0.7). T2-radiomics features were superior in two 4.5-year motor outcomes (AUROC: 0.78 vs 0.64 and 0.8 vs 0.57). Combining clinical parameters and radiomics features improved model performance in motor outcome at 4.5 years (AUROC: 0.84 vs 0.8). Radiomic features outperformed clinical variables for the prediction of adverse motor outcomes. Adding clinical variables to the radiomics model enhanced predictive performance.

BackgroundNeonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk of punctate white matter injury (WMI) and impaired brain development. We hypothesized that WMI in CHD neonates occurs in a characteristic distribution that shares topology with preterm WMI and that lower birth gestational age (GA) is associated with larger WMI volume.Objective(1) To quantitatively assess the volume and location of WMI in CHD neonates across three centres. (2) To compare the volume and spatial distribution of WMI between term CHD neonates and preterm neonates using lesion mapping.MethodsIn 216 term born CHD neonates from three prospective cohorts (mean birth GA: 39 weeks), WMI was identified in 86 neonates (UBC: 29; UCSF: 43; UCZ: 14) on pre- and/or post-operative T1 weighted MRI. WMI was manually segmented and volumes were calculated. A standard brain template was generated. Probabilistic WMI maps (total, pre- and post-operative) were developed in this common space. Using these maps, WMI in the term CHD neonates was compared with that in preterm neonates: 58 at early-in-life (mean postmenstrual age at scan 32.2 weeks); 41 at term-equivalent age (mean postmenstrual age at scan 40.1 weeks).ResultsThe total WMI volumes of CHD neonates across centres did not differ (p = 0.068): UBC (median = 84.6 mm3, IQR = 26-174.7 mm3); UCSF (median = 104 mm3, IQR = 44-243 mm3); UCZ (median = 121 mm3, IQR = 68-200.8 mm3). The spatial distribution of WMI in CHD neonates showed strong concordance across centres with predilection for anterior and posterior rather than central lesions. Predominance of anterior lesions was apparent on the post-operative WMI map relative to the pre-operative map. Lower GA at birth predicted an increasing volume of WMI across the full cohort (41.1 mm3 increase of WMI per week decrease in gestational age; 95% CI 11.5-70.8; p = 0.007), when accounting for centre and heart lesion. While WMI in term CHD and preterm neonates occurs most commonly in the intermediate zone/outer subventricular zone there is a paucity of central lesions in the CHD neonates relative to preterms.ConclusionsWMI in term neonates with CHD occurs in a characteristic topology. The spatial distribution of WMI in term neonates with CHD reflects the expected maturation of pre-oligodendrocytes such that the central regions are less vulnerable than in the preterm neonates.

GoalTo determine the analgesic effectiveness of repeated sucrose administration for skin-breaking (SB) procedures over the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization of preterm infants.MethodsLongitudinal observational study, conducted in four level III Canadian NICUs. Eligible infants were

Acute chorioamnionitis refers to the neutrophilic inflammation of the placental tissues thought to result from an ascending bacterial infection. It is considered a major factor associated with pretermbirth and has been estimated to occur in 40%to 80% of preterm deliveries. Chorioamnionitis is associated with several adverse neonatal outcomes, including respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death. Clinical studies examining brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants with chorioamnionitis have yielded inconsistent results. Most of these studies have focused on intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Because the incidence of cystic periventricular leukomalacia has greatly decreased during the past decades concurrent with improvements in neonatal intensive care, punctate white matter injury (WMI) is increasingly recognized as the most prevalent pattern of brain injury among preterm neonates. The researchers performed a prospective cohort study conducted across 3 academic centers in Canada, the Netherlands, and the United States. Children who were born preterm (24-32 weeks' gestation) and who had undergone a placental pathologic evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as soon as clinically stable, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley III) assessments between 18 and 24 months' corrected age (CA) were included. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed for grade of IVH and volume of punctate WMI. Data analysis occurred between December 2016 and January 2018. Final multivariable analyses examining the association of chorioamnionitis with motor and cognitive outcomes accounted for academic center and perinatal and postnatal factors. PunctateWMI volume and IVH detected on neonatalMRI scans were used tomeasure the results,withmotor and cognitive outcomes defined using Bayley III assessments conducted among these children between 18 and 24 months' CA. There were 448 preterm infants (24-32 weeks' gestation) in the total cohort. Infants were included in the analysis if they had undergone placental pathologic assessments, early brainMRI, and 18 to 24 months of follow-up.Among the cohorts fromthe 3 academic centers, infants with evidence of a congenital infection, genetic syndrome, or large parenchymal hemorrhagic infarction (>2 cm) were excluded. Each placenta was sent fresh for macroscopic and microscopic analyses, which were conducted using the same clinical protocols at each center. Histologic chorioamnionitis was defined by clinical pathologists using strict criteria and the degree of placental inflammation was scored.

BackgroundBrain injury (BI) is reported in 60% of newborns with critical congenital heart disease as white matter injury (WMI) or stroke. Neurodevelopmental (ND) impairments are reported in these patients. The relationship between neonatal BI and ND outcome has not been established.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the association between peri-operative BI and ND outcomes in infants with single ventricle physiology (SVP) and d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA).MethodsTerm newborns with d-TGA and SVP had pre-operative and post-operative brain magnetic resonance imaging and ND outcomes assessed at 12 and 30 months with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. BI was categorized by the brain injury severity score and WMI was quantified by volumetric analysis.ResultsA total of 104 infants had follow-up at 12 months and 70 had follow-up at 30 months. At 12 months, only clinical variables were associated with ND outcome. At 30 months, subjects with moderate-to-severe WMI had significantly lower Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) scores (13 points lower) as compared with those with none or minimal WMI for d-TGA and SVP (p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively) after adjusting for various factors. Quantitative WMI volume was likewise associated. Stroke was not associated with outcome. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement for PDI scores at 12 and 30 months were wide (-40.3 to 31.2) across the range of mean PDI values.ConclusionsIncreasing burden of WMI is associated with worse motor outcomes at 30 months for infants with critical congenital heart disease, whereas no adverse association was seen between small strokes and outcome. These results support the utility of neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging in this population to aid in predicting later outcomes and the importance of ND follow-up beyond 1 year of age.

This article examines the religious transnational orientation among young Muslims and Christians in Oslo. The study draws upon Andreas Wimmer’s (2013) theory of ethnic boundaries to analyse the characteristics of the ethnic boundary-making emerge within a religious transnational field, and how social closure, language, ideological framing and sociopolitical dimensions contribute to the ethnic boundary-making. The data consist of 22 qualitative interviews with young people between 16 and 35 years old. The article shows that most young Muslims and Christians involved in religious transnational activities influenced by multicultural, cosmopolitan ideas and interfaith collaborations. Some youths, however, are involved in religious transnational activities where there are no forms of social exchange or cooperation with other religious and ethnic groups. Some groups use their native language to reinforce the ethnic boundaries, providing a link between their religion and nationality. Others use language to establish generational differences between young people and their parents. As for the ideological framing, the findings show those boundary-making efforts that emphasize the incorporation of Islam in the West. The sociopolitical dimension refers to the classificatory struggles of Muslims with right-wing politicians who argue Muslims in Europe and Norway represent a danger to Western democracy and values.

BackgroundHuman studies investigating the link between postnatal polyunsaturated fatty acids and preterm brain growth are limited, despite emerging evidence of potential effects on outcomes.MethodsSixty preterm neonates

Children born very preterm are at risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment, a composite endpoint that includes cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and hearing and visual impairment defined by medical professionals. We aimed to describe preterm birth stakeholders’ perspectives on this classification. Ten clinical scenarios describing 18-month-old children with different components of severe neurodevelopmental impairment and one scenario of a typically developing child (control) were distributed to parents and stakeholders using a snowball sampling technique. For each scenario, participants rated health on a scale from 0 to 10 and whether the scenario represented a severe condition. Results were analyzed descriptively and mean differences from the control scenario were compared using a linear mixed-effects model. Stakeholders (number = 827) completed 4553 scenarios. Median health scores for each scenario varied from 6 to 10. The rating for the cerebral palsy and language delay scenario was significantly lower (mean difference −4.3; 95% confidence interval: −4.4, −4.1) than the control. The proportion of respondents rating a scenario as “severe” ranged from 5% for cognitive delay to 55% for cerebral palsy and language delay. Most participants disagreed with the rating used in research to describe severe neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm children. The term should be redefined to align with stakeholder perceptions.

Neurodevelopmental challenges in children born very preterm are common and not improving. This study tested the feasibility of using Evidence-based Practice to Improve Quality (EPIQ), a proven quality improvement technique that incorporates scientific evidence to target improving language abilities in very preterm populations in 10 Canadian neonatal follow-up programs. Feasibility was defined as at least 70% of sites completing four intervention cycles and 75% of cycles meeting targeted aims. Systematic reviews were reviewed and performed, an online quality improvement educational tool was developed, multidisciplinary teams that included parents were created and trained, and sites provided virtual support to implement and audit locally at least four intervention cycles of approximately 6 months in duration. Eight of ten sites implemented at least four intervention cycles. Of the 48 cycles completed, audits showed 41 (85%) met their aim. Though COVID-19 was a barrier, parent involvement, champions, and institutional support facilitated success. EPIQ is a feasible quality improvement methodology to implement family-integrated evidence-informed interventions to support language interventions in neonatal follow-up programs. Further studies are required to identify potential benefits of service outcomes, patients, and families and to evaluate sustainability.

Summary: Background: Stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may trigger a beneficial immune response leading to HBsAg loss, but clinical trials on re‐start strategies are lacking. Aim: To assess whether it is beneficial to undergo a prolonged flare after NA cessation. Methods: One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐seven patients with HBeAg negative, non‐cirrhotic CHB with at least 24 months of viral suppression on NA therapy were included. All study participants stopped antiviral therapy and were randomised to either low‐threshold (ALT > 80 U/L and HBV DNA > 2000 IU/mL) or high‐threshold (ALT > 100 U/L for >4 months, or ALT > 400 U/L for >2 months) for the re‐start of therapy. The primary endpoint was HBsAg loss within 36 months of stopping antiviral treatment. The primary analysis was based on intention‐to‐treat allocation with last observation carried forward. Results: There was a numerical but not statistically significant difference in HBsAg loss between the low‐threshold (3 of 64; 4.7%) and the high‐threshold (8 of 63; 12.7%) group (risk difference: 8.0%, 95% CI: −2.3 to 19.6, p = 0.123). None of the patients with end‐of‐treatment HBsAg > 1000 IU/mL achieved HBsAg loss; among those with end‐of‐treatment HBsAg < 1000 IU/mL, 8 of 15 (53.3%) achieved HBsAg loss in the high‐threshold group compared to 3 of 26 (11.5%) in the low‐threshold group. Conclusions: We could not confirm our hypothesis that a higher threshold for restart of therapy after NA withdrawal improves the likelihood of HBsAg loss within 36 months in patients with HBeAg negative CHB. Further studies including only patients with HBsAg level <1000 IU/mL and/or larger sample size and longer follow‐up duration are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In total, 90 gelatinous spheres, averaging one meter in diameter, have been recorded from ~ 1985 to 2019 from the NE Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, using citizen science. More than 50% had a dark streak through center. They were recorded from the surface to ~ 60–70 m depth, mainly neutrally buoyant, in temperatures between 8 and 24°C. Lack of tissue samples has until now, prohibited confirmation of species. However, in 2019 scuba divers secured four tissue samples from the Norwegian coast. In the present study, DNA analysis using COI confirms species identity as the ommastrephid broadtail shortfin squid Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839); these are the first confirmed records from the wild. Squid embryos at different stages were found in different egg masses: (1) recently fertilized eggs (stage ~ 3), (2) organogenesis (stages ~ 17–19 and ~ 23), and (3) developed embryo (stage ~ 30). Without tissue samples from each and every record for DNA corroboration we cannot be certain that all spherical egg masses are conspecific, or that the remaining 86 observed spheres belong to Illex coindetii. However, due to similar morphology and size of these spheres, relative to the four spheres with DNA analysis, we suspect that many of them were made by I. coindetii.

© 2016 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.Preterm birth has a dramatic impact on polyunsaturated fatty acid exposures for the developing brain. This study examined the association between postnatal fatty acid levels and measures of brain inju

Abstract Background Many deaths in Norway occur in medical wards organized to provide curative treatment. Still, medical departments are obliged to meet the needs of patients at the end of life. Here, we analyse the electronic patient record regarding documentation of the transition from curative to palliative care (i.e. the ‘turning point’). Considering the consequences of these decisions for patients, they have received surprisingly little attention from researchers. This study aims to investigate how the patient record denotes reasons for the shift from curative treatment to palliation and how texts involve voices of the patient and their families. Methods The study comprised excerpts from electronic patient records retrieved from medical wards in three urban hospitals in Norway. We executed a retrospective analysis of anonymized extracts from 16 electronic patient records, searching for documentation on the transition from curative to palliative care. Results In the development of the turning point, the texts usually shift from statements about the patient’s clinical status and technical findings to displaying uncertainty and openness to negotiation with different textual voices. This shift may represent a need to align or harmonize the attitudes of colleagues, family, and patient towards the turning-point decision. The patient’s voice is mostly absent or reported only briefly when, in their notes, nurses gave an account of the patient’s opinion. None of the physicians’ notes provided a detailed account of patient attitudes, wishes, and experiences. Conclusion In this article, we have analysed textual representations of patient transitions from curative to end-of-life care. The ‘reality’ behind the text has not been our concern. As the only documentation left, the patient record is an adequate basis for considering how patients are estimated and cared for in their last days of life.

BackgroundNeurodevelopmental disability is the most common complication for survivors of surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsWe analyzed individual participant data from studies of children evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition, after cardiac surgery between 1996 and 2009. The primary outcome was Psychomotor Development Index (PDI), and the secondary outcome was Mental Development Index (MDI).ResultsAmong 1770 subjects from 22 institutions, assessed at age 14.5 ± 3.7 months, PDIs and MDIs (77.6 ± 18.8 and 88.2 ± 16.7, respectively) were lower than normative means (each P < .001). Later calendar year of birth was associated with an increased proportion of high-risk infants (complexity of CHD and prevalence of genetic/extracardiac anomalies). After adjustment for center and type of CHD, later year of birth was not significantly associated with better PDI or MDI. Risk factors for lower PDI were lower birth weight, white race, and presence of a genetic/extracardiac anomaly (all P ≤ .01). After adjustment for these factors, PDIs improved over time (0.39 points/year, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.78; P = .045). Risk factors for lower MDI were lower birth weight, male gender, less maternal education, and presence of a genetic/extracardiac anomaly (all P < .001). After adjustment for these factors, MDIs improved over time (0.38 points/year, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.71; P = .02).ConclusionsEarly neurodevelopmental outcomes for survivors of cardiac surgery in infancy have improved modestly over time, but only after adjustment for innate patient risk factors. As more high-risk CHD infants undergo cardiac surgery and survive, a growing population will require significant societal resources.

There is a growing interest in the role art museums might play in enriching the lives of persons with dementia. The literature has started incorporating the views of persons with dementia in the knowledge production, but in-depth explorations of their art experiences are still rare in the literature. This article adds to the research with a case study of a man with Alzheimer’s who regularly takes part in dementia-friendly guided tours at his local art museum. The article examines through a narrative analysis the role his visits to the art museum might play in the way he navigates life with Alzheimer’s. The authors argue that the art experiences are important cultural resources in the man’s effort to ‘hold his own’ faced with Alzheimer’s. The study is bound to a Norwegian context, but the art programme has similarities with related programmes at art museums in other countries.

Abstract Background Hospitalized infants undergo multiple painful procedures daily. Despite the significant evidence, procedural pain assessment and management continues to be suboptimal. Repetitive and untreated pain at this vital developmental juncture is associated with negative behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences. To address this knowledge to practice gap, we developed the web-based Implementation of Infant Pain Practice Change (ImPaC) Resource to guide change in healthcare professionals’ pain practice behaviors. This protocol describes the evaluation of the intervention effectiveness and implementation of the Resource and how organizational context influences outcomes. Methods An effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 design, blending a cluster randomized clinical trial and a mixed-methods implementation study will be used. Eighteen Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) across Canada will be randomized to intervention (INT) or standard practice (SP) groups. NICUs in the INT group will receive the Resource for six months; those in the SP group will continue with practice as usual and will be offered the Resource after a six-month waiting period. Data analysts will be blinded to group allocation. To address the intervention effectiveness, the INT and SP groups will be compared on clinical outcomes including the proportion of infants who have procedural pain assessed and managed, and the frequency and nature of painful procedures. Data will be collected at baseline (before randomization) and at completion of the intervention (six months). Implementation outcomes (feasibility, fidelity, implementation cost, and reach) will be measured at completion of the intervention. Sustainability will be assessed at six and 12 months following the intervention. Organizational context will be assessed to examine its influence on intervention and implementation outcomes. Discussion This mixed-methods study aims to determine the effectiveness and the implementation of a multifaceted online strategy for changing healthcare professionals’ pain practices for hospitalized infants. Implementation strategies that are easily and effectively implemented are important for sustained change. The results will inform healthcare professionals and decision-makers on how to address the challenges of implementing the Resource within various organizational contexts. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03825822. Registered 31 January 2019.

Intensjon: Et økende antall kunstmuseer verden over tilbyr demensvennlige omvisninger. Mye forskning på feltet undersøker hvordan deltakelse på slike omvisninger påvirker personer med demens sin psykososiale helse, og mindre hva som skjer i selve kunstrommet. Denne studien bidrar med kunnskap om samhandlingen i selve kunstrommet; mellom kunstformidlerne, personer med demens og kunstverket. I særlig grad retter artikkelen oppmerksomheten mot situasjoner hvor personer med demens sier eller gjør noe som setter samhandlingen i kunstrommet i bevegelse. Hva karakteriserer slike samhandlingssituasjoner, og hvordan kan de forstås? Forskningsdesign: Studien har et kvalitativt forskningsdesign. Artikkelens empiri består av feltnotater fra deltagende observasjon på KODE Kunstmuseer og komponisthjem, og intervju med kunstformidlerne og publikum. Resultat: Samhandlingssituasjonene mellom kunstformidlerne, kunsten og publikum preges av at personene i kunstrommet tar hverandre og kunsten på alvor. Personer med demens blir møtt av kunstformidlere som prøver å stille seg ved siden av, ikke foran eller over dem i møte med kunsten. Kunstverkene har en aktiv rolle som omdreiningspunktet for samtalen. Samhandlingssituasjonene viser hvordan publikum får anledning til å påvirke hvordan vi skal forstå og tolke vår felles kulturarv, som kunstverkene på KODE er en del av. Forfatterne argumenterer for at deltagelse og samskaping i kunstrommet kan være en måte personer med demens får utøvd sitt kulturelle medborgerskap på. Originalitet: Dette er en av de første forskningsartiklene om demensvennlige kunstomvisninger i en norsk sammenheng. Den bidrar med ny innsikt om betydningen av kunstfaglig kompetanse i demensomsorgen, og større forståelse for hvordan kulturelt medborgerskap i relasjon til personer med demens kan forstås og praktiseres.

Smartphone-based approaches for Human Activity Recognition have become prevalent in recent years. Despite the amount of research undertaken in the field, issues such as cross-subject variability are still posing an obstacle to the deployment of solutions in large scale, free-living settings. Personalized methods (i.e. aiming to adapt a generic classifier to a specific target user) attempt to solve this problem. The lack of labeled data for training purposes, however, represents a major barrier. This is especially the case when taking into consideration that personalization generally requires labeled data to be user-specific. This paper presents a novel personalization method combining a semi-population based approach with user adaptation. Personalization is achieved through the following. Firstly, the proposed method identifies a subset of users from the available population as best candidates for initializing the classifier to the target user. Subsequently, a semi-population Neural Network classifier is trained using data from this subset of users. The classifier's network weights are then updated using a small amount of labeled data from the target user subsequently implementing personalization. This approach was validated on a large publicly available dataset collected in a free-living scenario. The personalized approach using the proposed method has shown to improve the overall F-score to 74.4% compared to 70.9% when using a generic non-personalized approach. Results obtained, with statistical significance being confirmed on a set of 57 users, indicate that model initialization using the semi-population approach can reduce the amount of labeled data required for personalization. As such, the proposed method for model initialization could facilitate the real-world deployment of systems implementing personalization by reducing the amount of data needed for personalization.