Search

The article addresses the reception of J.-B. Moliere’s comedy “The Misanthrope” (1666) by the Russian literary critics of the 20th century, reflected in monographs, academic publications, textbook, articles and the scientific apparatus to the complete works of the great French playwright. The reason of this persistent interest to this play is determined by two essential factors: its ambiguity and its influence on A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”. The author of the article traces the transformation of the researchers’ evaluations, ranging from the pre-revolutionary period and up to the latest reviews. It is stated that the reception of “The Misanthrope” can be generally traced back to the ideas of A. N. Veselovsky, the founder of the Russian studies of Moliere. Having been perceived controversially by the closest followers of the scientist, they became ideological in the works of the Soviet researchers of the 1930–1940s, then they were in the focus of attention of the literary critics of the middle of the century and were further developed in the studies of the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries. Addressing “The Misanthrope”, the Russian researchers of the French literature of the 17th century focus on the distinguishing features of the comic, on the biographical basis of the play, on the system of images, prototypes of the main character and the essence of his conflict with the society. They invariably concentrate on the issue of the author’s viewpoint, and on the question of who Moliere sides with – Alceste or Philinte. The carried-out analysis shows that the research thought has changed from the biographical, social and political interpretation of the comedy “The Misanthrope” to refocusing on ethical issues. It appears that, despite the importance of all of these aspects, clearly significant for the comprehension of the play, a cultural studies approach, characteristic for the French literary studies and based on the most recent studies of the gallant epoch, will facilitate a more sensible perception of the play.

The article presents a review of a three-day conference session “French lectures: teachers and students” (“Lectures françaises: maîtres et disciples”) as part of the 50th International scientific philological anniversary conference named after L. A. Verbitskaya, which took place on March 15–23, 2022, at St. Petersburg State University. The work of this session was dedicated to the memory of its founder, Tatyana Solomonovna Taymanova (1954–2020), who made a significant contribution to the development of the Russian and French literary and intellectual ties. This year the format of the “French lectures” has been transformed in order to expand the chronological framework and specify the theme range, which will be annually updated, according to the organizers’ design. The topic of the past breakout session – “Teachers and students” – focused the scientific discussion on the issue of the continuity of the ideas of writers, philosophers, literary scholars, on the impact of the poetics of one author on the oeuvre of others, on the reception of works in different types of art and national cultures. The presentations of the Russian and foreign participants addressed a wide range of works from the Middle Ages to the 21st century, various genres (fairy-tale, essay, novel, epistolary, autobiography, travelogue, comics), classical and modern French authors (J.-B. Moliere, Ch. Montesquieu, G. Sand, M. Proust, P. Claudel, Ch. Peguy, G. Perec, C. Laurens, Shan Sa, etc.), the reception and influence of the Russian writers and thinkers in France (F. M. Dostoyevsky, N. A. Berdyaev, A. S. Lappo-Danilevsky, M. I. Tsvetaeva), traditional and new approaches to the analysis of a literary text. “French lectures – 2022” have confirmed their status of an outstanding platform which promotes strengthening the scientific relationships and Russian and French interaction.

The subject of this work is oxide potassium-titanium bronzes. The purpose of the work: to establish the relationship between the dispersion of samples of oxide potassium-titanium bronze and its physicochemical properties. Synthesis methods: self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), mechanosynthesis. Research methods used in the work: X-ray phase analysis (XRF), optical method for determining particle size, four-probe method for determining electrical conductivity, thermal analysis, method for determining chemical resistance. Results of the study: particle sizes were determined, which are 400, 200 and 40 nm. The work is devoted to the study of the influence of fineness on the structure and physicochemical properties of compounds of variable composition on the example of titanium oxide bronzes. A nanocrystalline sample of oxide potassium-titanium bronze was obtained by mechanosynthesis, coarse powders were obtained by SHS. The obtained samples were identified by X-ray phase analysis. The optical method of analysis determined the particle sizes, which are 400, 200 and 40 nm. It has been established that nanocrystalline samples of oxide potassium-titanium bronze are less resistant to aggressive media. Reducing the particle size does not affect the thermal stability. In the transition to nanoscale, the specific electrical conductivity increases by 1.5 times and amounts to 0,076 Ohm-1cm-1. The volume density of defects in the nanocrystalline structure of oxide potassium-titanium bronze is calculated, which is 1013 cm-2.

The author of the article examines Molière’s comedy The Misanthrope (1666) within the context of the 17th century courtly and salon culture, where the idea of “honnête homme” was one of the most significant. Under Louis XIV, gallantry became a norm for aristocracy following its defeat in the Fronde, which marked the loss of aristocracy’s political independence. The article shows how the rise of gallantry influenced “the honnête homme” ideal and how Molière’s reflections on transformations of this modes of behavior guide the objects and nature of his comedy. The article reveals the ambiguity in the play’s content and in the central character with review of the space, the plot, and characters of The Misanthrope in the light of “the honnêteté” concept. Molière, though not questioning the ethical basis of the concept and generally sharing the court standard of behavior, nevertheless by means of irony and mockery shows how easily “the art to please”, cultivated in the gallant society, turns into hypocrisy, deception, complicity in vice. The Misanthrope is the evidence of the fact that in the second half of the 17th century gallant aesthetics was winning over the ethics of “honnête homme”, which in its turn was gradually fading out.

Among seven species of the order Eulipotyphla (from southern Gansu and northern Sichuan Provinces, Central China) studied cytogenetically, karyotypes of one talpid species, Uropsilus aff. soricipes (2n = 36, NFa = 54), and three soricid species, Chodsigoa hypsibia (2n = 65, NFa = 66), Sorex cansulus (2n = 42, NFa = 64) and Sorex thibetanus (2n = 42, NFa = 60), are described cytogenetically for the first time. All four species are endemic to China with distribution ranges restricted to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent mountain ranges. The Ch. hypsibia karyotype consists of mostly acrocentric autosomes and one metacentric pair of autosomes; besides, a B chromosome was identified. No polymorphism was detected among karyotypes of other species, including shrews Sorex bedfordiae (2n = 26, NFa = 44), Anourosorex squamipes (2n = 48, NFa = 92) and Crocidura suaveolens (2n = 40, NFa = 44). The Chinese shrew mole U. aff. soricipes and three shrew species (S. bedfordiae, Ch. hypsibia and A. squamipes) represent autochthonous fauna of Central/Western China, whereas S. thibetanus, S. cansulus and C. suaveolens belong to phylogenetic groups occurring mostly to the north and west from China; therefore, they should be considered relatively recent colonisers. Thus, considering the relationships of the species within phylogenetic groups, our results on karyotypes are in good agreement with molecular genetic data.

BACKGROUND The majority of published data report the results of biomechanical tests of various design pedicle screw performance. The clinical relevance and relative contribution of screw design to instrumentation stability have been insufficiently studied. AIM To estimate the contribution of screw design to rate of pedicle screw loosening in patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. METHODS This study is a prospective evaluation of 175 patients with degenerative diseases and instability of the lumbar spine segments. Participants underwent spinal instrumentation employing pedicle screws with posterior only or transforaminal interbody fusion. Follow-up was for 18 mo. Patients with signs of pedicle screw loosening on computed tomography were registered; logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors that influenced the rate of loosening. RESULTS Parameters included in the analysis were screw geometry, type of thread, external and internal screw diameter and helical pitch, bone density in Hounsfield units, number of levels fused, instrumentation without anterior support, laminectomy, and unilateral and bilateral total facet joint resection. The rate of screw loosening decreased with the increment in outer diameter, decrease in core diameter and helical pitch. The rate of screw loosening correlated positively with the number of fused levels and decreasing bone density. Bilateral facet joint removal significantly favored pedicle screw loosening. The influence of other factors was insignificant. CONCLUSION Screw parameters had a significant impact on the loosening rate along with bone quality characteristics, the number of levels fused and the extensiveness of decompression. The significance of the influence of screw parameters was comparable to those of patient- and surgery-related factors. Pedicle screw loosening was influenced by helical pitch, inner and outer diameter, but screw geometry and thread type were insignificant factors.

Methane oxidative coupling (OCM) is considered a potential direct route to produce C2 hydrocarbons. Layered perovskite-like Sr2TiO4 is a promising OCM catalyst. Mechanochemical activation (MA) is known to be an environmentally friendly method for perovskite synthesis. Sr2TiO4 were synthesized using MA of the mixtures containing SrCO3 or SrO and TiO2 or TiO(OH)2 and annealing at 900 and 1100 °C. XRD and FT-IRS showed that MA leads to the starting component disordering and formation of SrTiO3 only for SrO being pronounced when using TiO(OH)2. After annealing at 900 °C, Sr2TiO4 was mainly produced from the mixtures of SrCO3 or SrO and TiO(OH)2. The single-phase Sr2TiO4 was only obtained from MA products containing SrCO3 after calcination at 1100 °C. The surface enrichment with Sr was observed by XPS for all samples annealed at 1100 °C depending on the MA product composition. The OCM activity of the samples correlated with the surface Sr concentration and the ratio of the surface oxygen amount in SrO and perovskite (Oo/Op). The maximal CH4 conversion and C2 yield (25.6 and 15.5% at 900 °C, respectively), and the high long-term stability were observed for the sample obtained from (SrCO3 + TiO2), showing the specific surface morphology and optimal values of the surface Sr concentration and Oo/Op ratio.

The present article emerged due to fortunate circumstances. It happened that an intact notation of a troparion to the Nativity of Saint Nicholas “Chudnoe i slavnoe rozhdestvo tvoe…” was found in the 17th century manuscript from the compendium of Archbishop D. Razumovskiy in the Russian State Library, fund 379, №66. The troparion itself is written in the form of the znamenny chant using kryuki (znamennaya notation). To date, the notation is the only record of both troparion and hymnography to the Nativity of Saint Nicholas. The article provides the chant in its original form “istinno pravoslavnoy melodii – spasitelnoy i dushepoleznoy” [its truly orthodox melody – salutary and edificatory], as Archbishop Boris Nikolaev1 talks about the znamenny chant. In conjunction with this, the author of the article presents a conversion from bespometnaya notation based on kryuki into a five-line one. The process is conducted based upon the analysis of popevkis from dvoeznamenniks dating from the 18th century, as well as upon litsas and fitas of M.Brazhnikov2. The conversion of bespometnaya notation is given in the form of a hypothesis of how the chant would sound with a view to a scientific discussion. The publication is preceded by brief research of troparia and kontakia of the feast day and their content and status in Russian handwritten and printed sources. These issues are of utmost importance to both fellow citizens and religious practices when it comes to rediscovering the chants to The Nativity of Saint Nicholas. Therefore, troparia and kontakia are introduced in their entirety. These are nine heritages of Russian hymnography in the sources during the late 16th-19th centuries.

Original manuscript received February 26, 2020. Revised manuscript accepted March 30, 2020. The full text of the materials is presented in S. V. Popova & A. A. Pechenkina (Eds.) (2020). Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019: Materials of the International Forum. Yekaterinburg: UrFU. The International Forum “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019” was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project № 19‑013‑20191. Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg welco med participants of the II International Forum “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019” in November 2019. More than 300 Russian and foreign scientists took part in the Forum. A total 85 reports were presented. This article is the final report about the Forum. The article presents relevant research directions that have become the subject of discussion by the Forum participants, a scope of Forum research areas and prospects for the development of cognitive neuroscience in general. В ноябре 2019 г. на базе Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина в г. Екатеринбурге прошел II Международный форум по когнитивным нейронаукам “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019”. В работе форума участвовали более 300 российских и зарубежных ученых. Всего было представлено 85 докладов. В статье рассмотрены тематические направления работы форума. Представлены актуальные исследования, которые стали предметом обсуждения среди участников форума, проведен анализ работы разных направлений форума и сделаны выводы о дальнейших перспективах развития когнитивной нейронауки в целом.

The article considers such a relevant problem as innovative technologies of environmentally sound design of Mirny Airport. Mirny Airport provides air communication with the largest cities of Russia. It is also a reserve airport for transcontinental routes from North America and Europe to Asia. The article develops a methodological approach to the environmentally sound design of Mirny Airport, taking into account low-waste and zero waste technologies. Unlike the existing ones, the design is based on the continuous monitoring of the corresponding technology parameters. A system of indicators for assessing the environmental efficiency of sound airport design, taking into account industrial waste treatment, is proposed. The authors imply the system shall include management efficiency indicators, performance indicators and environmental impact indicators of sound airport design. The theoretical basis of the article includes scientific methodological and theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scientists, theorists and practitioners in the area of environmentally sound design revealing issues related to the adoption of management technologies for minimizing the negative environmental impact by airlines. The following research methods were used in the article: analytical, economic-statistical, monographic, computational-constructive, graphical method, abstract-logical.

The first genetic study of the holotype of the Gansu short-tailed shrew, Blarinella griselda Thomas, 1912, is presented. The mitochondrial analysis demonstrated that the type specimen of B. griselda is close to several recently collected specimens from southern Gansu, northern Sichuan and Shaanxi, which are highly distinct from the two species of Asiatic short-tailed shrews of southern Sichuan, Yunnan, and Vietnam, B. quadraticauda and B. wardi. Our analysis of four nuclear genes supported the placement of B. griselda as sister to B. quadraticauda / B. wardi, with the level of divergence between these two clades corresponding to that among genera of Soricinae. A new generic name, Parablarinella, is proposed for the Gansu short-tailed shrew. Karyotypes of Parablarinella griselda (2n = 49, NFa = 50) and B. quadraticauda (2n = 49, NFa = 62) from southern Gansu are described. The tribal affinities of Blarinellini and Blarinini are discussed.

The genus status of Urocricetus was defined recently based on morphological and molecular data. Even though the amount of evidence for a separate phylogenetic position of this genus among Cricetinae continues to increase, there is still no consensus on its relationship to other groups. Here we give the first comprehensive description of the U. kamensis karyotype (2n = 30, NFa = 50) including results of comparative cytogenetic analysis and detailed examination of its phylogenetic position by means of numerous molecular markers. The molecular data strongly indicated that Urocricetus is a distant sister group to Phodopus. Comparative cytogenetic data showed significant reorganization of the U. kamensis karyotype compared to karyotypes of all other hamsters investigated earlier. The totality of findings undoubtedly means that Urocricetus belongs to a separate divergent lineage of Cricetinae.

The results of the analysis of geological field information in order to assess the current state of development of the J11 reservoir of the Verkh-Tarka oil field for of January 2019 are reported. The main object of development is at stage III of the fall in oil production. At present, the total well stock of the J11 reservoir is 175 units, of which 134 are active. The monthly volume of water injection into the FPM system reaches 100 thousand m3, and liquid production is about 170 thousand m3 with an average water-cut of producing wells of 63 %. To date, within the deposit, a complex hydrodynamic field has been formed, in which the depressive zones regularly trace the rows of production wells, and the piezoelectric maximums - injection wells.

The ordered mesoporous Mg- and Ni-Mg-alumina samples of general formula xwt%Mg-Al2O3 and ywt%Nixwt% Mg-Al2O3(x, y = 5, 10 % wt) have been prepared by the one-pot evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method using Pluronic P123 as a template. The textural and structural properties of the prepared samples have been characterized by N2adsorption-desorption analysis, BET, XRD, TEM with EDX, HAADF-STEM, and H2-TPR. The samples calcined at 700°C had an ordered mesoporous structure with a SSA of 170-250 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.5-0.64 cm3/g and a narrow distribution of the pore size (mean 12-16 nm). For the catalysts prepared by the one-pot EISA method, the size of the metal Ni particles was in the range of 3-12 nm and was conditioned by their confinement in the mesopores and the interaction with MgO and Al2O3. Testing in methane dry reforming in the 15v.% CH4+ 15v.%CO2feed, with He balance, at 650-750°C and the contact time of 0.015 s has shown the higher activity and stability of the ordered mesoporous 10w%Ni- 10w%Mg-Al2O3catalysts prepared by the one-pot method as compared with the catalyst of the same composition obtained by impregnation.

Gymnures are an ancient group of small insectivorous mammals and are characterized by a controversial taxonomic status and the lack of a description of karyotypes for certain species. In this study, conventional cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa, CBG- and GTG-banding, Ag-NOR), CMA3-DAPI staining, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomeric DNA probes were used to examine for the first time the karyotypes of lesser gymnures of group Hylomyssuillus Müller, 1840 from northern and southern Vietnam. All studied specimens had karyotypes with 2n=48, NFa=64. C-positive heterochromatic blocks existed in centromeric regions of 7 bi-armed autosomes and the submetacentric X chromosome. The Y chromosome is a C-positive and dot-like. The nucleolus organizer regions resided terminally on the short arms of 2 small bi-armed pairs. Positive signals at the telomeres of all chromosomes were revealed by FISH. CMA3-positive blocks were localized on the telomeric and pericentric regions of most bi-armed and acrocentric chromosomes. Despite the large genetic distances between Hylomys Müller, 1840, lesser gymnures from H.suillus-group from northern and southern Vietnam have similar karyotypic characteristics.

For structured catalysts of biofuels transformation into syngas inexpensive and stable to sintering active components based upon Mg-doped γ-alumina with supported LaNi 0.9 Ru 0.1 O 3 perovskite or MnCr 2 O 4 spinel promoted by Ru + Ni were developed. Characterization of the surface features, reactivity, catalytic activity and routes of ethanol transformation on these catalysts demonstrated that suppression of support acidity, strong interaction of Ru-Ni alloy nanoparticles with manganese chromite layers on support and a high redox ability provide a high yield of syngas and stability to coking. The most promising active component (2 wt% Ni + 2 wt% Ru)/MnCr 2 O 4 /10 wt% MgO − γ-Al 2 O 3 supported on microchannel heat-conducting CrAlO cermet plates demonstrated a high performance and stability to coking in the autothermal reforming of such reactive fuels as glycerol, anisol and turpentine oil.

The sorption capacity of synthetic montmorillonites of the composition Na2x (Al2(1–x),Mg2x )Si4O10(OH)2 · nH2O (where 0 < x < 1) in relation to the methylene blue dye has been investigated. The obtained results from the data for natural samples of montmorillonite (K10) and activated carbon have been compared. The effect of the montmorillonite composition and the medium acidity on the degree of dye adsorption has been studied. The chemical composition of montmorillonite, which is optimal for solving tasks in the field of ecology and medicine, has been determined. The character of the interaction of montmorillonites with the adsorbed substance from the point of view of the physical-chemical sorption models has also been studied.

High-dose exposure of mice to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) induces both hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Here, we characterized the effects of 10-day dietary treatment with PFOA (0.002-0.02%, w/w) on the liver and complement system of male C57BL/6 mice. At all four doses, this compound caused hepatomegaly and reduced the serum level of triglycerides (an indicator for activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα)). At the highest dose (0.02%, w/w), this hepatomegaly was associated with the hepatic injury, as reflected in increased activity of alanine aminotranferase (ALAT) in the serum, severe hepatocyte hypertrophy and hepatocellular necrosis. PFOA-induced hepatic injury was associated with in vivo activation of the complement system as indicated by (i) significant attenuation of the serum activities of both the classical and alternative pathways; (ii) a marked reduction in the serum level of the complement factor C3; and (iii) deposition of the complement factor C3 fragment (C3a) in the hepatic parenchyma. PFOA did not activate the alternative pathway of complement in vitro. At doses lower than 0.02%, PFOA induced hepatocyte hypertrophy without causing liver injury or activating complement. These results reveal substantial involvement of activation of complement in the pathogenesis of PFOA-induced hepatotoxicity.

Karyotype studies of common shrews in the vicinity of Lake Baikal (Irkutsk Region, Eastern Siberia) resulted in the description of two new chromosomal races of Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lypotyphla, Mammalia), additional to 5 races formerly found in Siberia. In the karyotypes of 12 specimens from 3 locations, the polymorphism of metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes of the Robertsonian type was recorded and two distinct groups of karyotypes interpreted as the chromosomal races were revealed. They are geographically distant and described under the racial names Irkutsk (Ir) and Zima (Zi). Karyotypes of both races were characterized by species-specific (the same for all 74 races known so far) metacentric autosomes af, bc, tu and jl, and the typical sex chromosome system – XX/XY1Y2. The race-specific arm chromosome combinations include three metacentrics and four acrocentrics in the Irkutsk race (gk, hi, nq, m, o, p, r) and four metacentrics and two acrocentrics in the Zima race (gm, hi, ko, nq, p, r). Within the races, individuals with polymorphic chromosomes were detected (g/m, k/o, n/q, p/r). The presence of the specific metacentric gk allowed us to include the Irkutsk race into the Siberian Karyotypic Group (SKG), distributed in surrounding regions. The Zima race karyotype contained two metacentrics, gm and ko, which have been never found in the Siberian part of the species range, but appear as the common feature of chromosomal races belonging to the West European Karyotypic Group (WEKG). Moreover, the metacentrics of that karyotype are almost identical to the Åkarp race (except the heterozygous pair p/r) locally found in the southern Sweden. One of two Siberian races described here for the first time, the Zima race, occurs in an area considerably distant from Europe and shares the common metacentrics (gm, hi, ko) with races included in WEKG. This fact may support a hypothesis of independent formation of identical arm chromosome combinations due to occurrence of the same centric fusions in different parts of the species range.

The aim of this research work was to reveal specific peculiarities of young swimmers training, taking into account their pubescence in terms of the long-term training concept. During the research it was defined that methodological support of spots training for a long-term period should contain not only prognostic model of prospective results achievement. It also should analyze individual peculiarities of pubertal period. During the research we used the official results of competitions protocols, the results of general and special physical readiness tests, resume of the leading swimming coaches. For statistical data handling we used quantitative variables, presented in a form ± of a standard error of the mean value (М ± m). The results were considered as statistically significant in terms of р < 0,05. Correlation analysis is realized using Pearson correlation coefficient. The held research helped to define typical characteristics of pubertal period in teen-agers swimmers, timely correct the training process. It was stated that athletes adaptation to the training and competitive loads in pubertal period was characterized by different degree of sports results increase and correlated with the intensity of hormonal changes. The boys with distinct features of pubertal period were the leaders at short distances, but showed coordinating abilities decrease. The athletes, whose somatic-gender changes didn’t have extreme indices or had prolonged duration, showed stable sports results increase mainly at long distances.

Розглянуто питання забезпечення безпеки польотів, підвищення пропускної спроможності та економічної ефективності, зменшення впливу інтенсивності повітряного руху на навколишнє середовище. Проаналізова норозроблені міжнародними організаціями концепції повітряного простору вільних маршрутів та навігації, заснованої на характеристиках, у європейському регіоні та українській аеронавігаційній системі. Із результатіваналізу статистичних даних видно, що 12,5% країн-членів Євроконтролю впровадили концепцію повітряногопростору вільних маршрутів у верхньому повітряному просторі повністю, 17,5 % країн-членів Євроконтролю(Польща, Хорватія, Сербія, Чехія, Австрія, Німеччина та Фінляндія) частково. За даними Міжнародноїорганізації цивільної авіації показано, що шість країн упровадили процедури навігації, заснованої нахарактеристиках, для більш ніж 50 % злітно-посадкових смуг, п’ять країн упровадили ці процедури лише длядеяких аеродромів.

European Air Traffic Management system requires continuous improvements as air traffic is increasingday by day. For this purpose it was developed by international organizations Free Route Airspace and PerformanceBased Navigation concepts that allow to offer a required level of safety, capacity, environmental performance alongwith cost-effectiveness. The aim of the article is to provide detailed analysis of Free Route Airspace and PerformanceBased Navigation implementation status within European region including Ukrainian air navigation system.

Розглянуто актуальну проблему сучасності – синтез надійних алгоритмів керування складними рухливими об’єктами та складними динамічними нелінійними процесами. Показано, що застосування реконфігуруючої технології для вирішення завдання керування складним нелінійним об’єктом у максимально можливій області його станів дозволить максимально використовувати технологічний ресурс, закладений у його конструкцію. Описано пряме завдання, коли відповідно до моделі реального об’єкта синтезується віртуальний об’єкт з автономною організацією керувань, його віртуальна область станів і віртуальна область керувань та зворотне завдання, коли відповідно до віртуального об’єкту та віртуальних керувань синтезуються реальні керування реальним об’єктом (літальним апаратом). Наведено вирішення прямого та зворотного завдань, які з урахуванням умов коректності завдання базуються на функціональних рівняннях абсолютної інваріантності та шукаються комп’ютерним методом. Зазначено, що алгоритм вирішення даних завдань є рекурентною процедурою пошуку всіх розв’язків системи істотно нелінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь для кожного моменту часу.

In the article the application reconfiguration technology for the decision of a problem of difficult nonlinear object control in the greatest possible area of its states is shown.

The study of the sorption capacity of synthetic layered silicates with a montmorillonite structure towards thiamine hydrochloride was performed. The influence of the pH of the medium and the composition of montmorillonite on the thiamine adsorption degree was studied. The optimum chemical composition of montmorillonite was determined, which makes it possible to carry out an efficient intercalation of thiamine in a wide pH range.

Mixed ionic−electronic conducting nanocomposites comprising complex oxides - perovskite (lanthanum-strontium nickelate-ferrite [LSFN]) and gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) have been prepared via ultrasonic dispersion of nanocrystalline powders of LSFNx and GDC in organic solvent with addition of surfactant, followed by drying and sintering up to 1300°C. Their structural and surface properties have been studied by x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy with elemental analysis, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results of impedance spectroscopy, oxygen isotope exchange, O2 temperature-programmed desorption, weight, and conductivity relaxation experiments have revealed a strong positive effect of perovskite−fluorite nanodomain interfaces in composite on the oxygen mobility and reactivity. Testing in wet H2/air feeds for a button-size cell with functionally graded LSFN0.4–GDC cathode layer supported on a thin YSZ layer covering Ni/YSZ cermet has...

This work presents the results related to the functionally graded fluorite (F)–perovskite (P) nanocomposite cathodes for IT SOFC. Nanocrystalline fluorites (GDC, ScCeSZ) and perovskites (LSrMn, LSrFNi) were synthesized by Pechini method. Nanocomposites were prepared by the ultrasonic dispersion of F and P powders in isopropanol with addition of polyvinyl butyral. Different techniques for deposition and sintering of functionally graded cathode materials were applied including traditional approaches as well as original methods, such as radiation–thermal sintering under electron beam or microwave radiation. Morphology, microstructure and elemental composition of nanocomposites was characterized by XRD and HRTEM/SEM with EDX. Even for dense composites, the sizes of perovskite and fluorite domains remain in the nanorange providing developed P–F interfaces. Oxygen isotope heteroexchange and conductivity/weight relaxation studies demonstrated that these interfaces provide a path for fast oxygen diffusion. The redistribution of the elements between P and F phases in nanocomposites occurs without formation of insulating zirconate phases. Button-size fuel cells with nanocomposite functionally graded cathodes, thin YSZ layers and anode Ni/YSZ cermet (either bulk or supported on Ni–Al foam substrates) were manufactured. For optimized composition and functionally graded design of P–F nanocomposite cathodes, a stable performance in the intermediate temperature range with maximum power density up to 0.5 W cm −2 at 700 °C in wet H 2 /air feeds was demonstrated.

Chromosomal races of the common shrew differ in sets of metacentric chromosomes and on contact may produce hybrids with extraordinarily complex configurations at meiosis I that are associated with reduced fertility. There is an expectation that these may be some of the most extreme tension zones available for study and therefore are of interest as potential sites for reproductive isolation. Here, we analyse one of these zones, between the Novosibirsk race (characterized by metacentrics go, hn, ik, jl, mp and qr) and the Tomsk race (metacentrics gk, hi, jl and mn and acrocentrics o, p, q and r), which form hybrids with a chain-of-nine (CIX) and a chain-of-three (CIII) configuration at meiosis I. At the Novosibirsk-Tomsk hybrid zone, the CIX chromosomes form clines of 8.53 km standardized width on average, whereas the cline for the CIII chromosomes was 52.83 km wide. The difference in these cline widths fits with the difference in meiotic errors expected with the CIX and CIII configuration, and we produce estimates of selection against hybrids with these types of configurations, which we relate to dispersal and age of the hybrid zone. The hybrid zone is located at the isocline at 200 m altitude above sea level; this relationship between the races and altitude is suggested at both coarse and fine scales. This indicates adaptive differences between the races that may in turn have been promoted by the chromosome differences. Thus, the extreme chromosomal divergence between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk may be associated with genic differentiation, but it is still striking that, despite the large chromosomal differences, reproductive isolation between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk races has not occurred.

Catalytic properties and coking stability of composite materials based on NiO and doped apatite-type lanthanum silicates were studied for their using as anode materials for internal methane reforming in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Samples based on Sr- or Al-doped lanthanum silicate were prepared by modified Pechini methods. The composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, methane steam reforming and temperature programmed oxidation. The effects of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Mn 0.8 Cr 0.2 O 3 addition, partial Ni substitution with La 0.1 Sr 0.9 TiO 3 ionic and electronic mixed conductor and composition of apatite-type lanthanum silicate on catalytic properties and coking resistance were considered.

A number of catalysts based on Al 2 O 3 loaded with doped Ce-Zr mixed oxides and different active components (Cu, Cu-Ni, Ru, Pt, etc.) were synthesized via standard wet impregnation method using the robotic workstation. Ethanol (EtOH) was taken as a model compound of bio-oil and steam reforming of ethanol (ESR)—as a model reaction. Activity screening experiments performed at 600–700 °C in 0.5 vol.% C 2 H 5 OH + 2.5 vol.% H 2 O + 97 vol.% He mixture revealed that the most effective catalyst composition is Ru/Ce 0.4 Zr 0.4 Sm 0.2 /Al 2 O 3 . Catalytic activity investigations at high reagent concentrations (10 vol.% C 2 H 5 OH + 40 vol.% H 2 O + 50 vol.% N 2 ) at 650–800 °C confirmed this fact, revealing also that at high temperatures the activity of Cu-Ni catalysts is comparable with that of Ru-containing catalyst.

Al- and Sr-doped apatite-type lanthanum silicates (ATLS) have been prepared using mechanochemical activation (MA) and Pechini (Pe) methods. MA of a stoichiometric mixture in the high-power planetary ball mill provides the formation of a high purity crystalline ATLS at room temperature after 20–35 min activation. The phase composition and local structure of doped ATLS are determined by milling time and the dopant content. 5 min MA of carbonate precursors obtained via Pe method results in the formation of a single-phase ATLS at 900°C.

It has long been hypothesized that chromosomal rearrangements play a central role in different evolutionary processes, particularly in speciation and adaptation. Interchromosomal rearrangements have been extensively mapped using chromosome painting. However, intrachromosomal rearrangements have only been described using molecular cytogenetics in a limited number of mammals, including a few rodent species. This situation is unfortunate because intrachromosomal rearrangements are more abundant than interchromosomal rearrangements and probably contain essential phylogenomic information. Significant progress in the detection of intrachromosomal rearrangement is now possible, due to recent advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics. We investigated the level of intrachromosomal rearrangement in the Arvicolinae subfamily, a species-rich taxon characterized by very high rate of karyotype evolution. We made a set of region specific probes by microdissection for a single syntenic region represented by the p-arm of chromosome 1 of Alexandromys oeconomus, and hybridized the probes onto the chromosomes of four arvicolines (Microtus agrestis, Microtus arvalis, Myodes rutilus, and Dicrostonyx torquatus). These experiments allowed us to show the intrachromosomal rearrangements in the subfamily at a significantly higher level of resolution than previously described. We found a number of paracentric inversions in the karyotypes of M. agrestis and M. rutilus, as well as multiple inversions and a centromere shift in the karyotype of M. arvalis. We propose that during karyotype evolution, arvicolines underwent a significant number of complex intrachromosomal rearrangements that were not previously detected.

Sorex araneus, the Common shrew, is a species with more than 70 karyotypic races, many of which form parapatric hybrid zones, making it a model for studying chromosomal speciation. Hybrids between races have reduced fitness, but microsatellite markers have demonstrated considerable gene flow between them, calling into question whether the chromosomal barriers actually do contribute to genetic divergence. We studied phenotypic clines across two hybrid zones with especially complex heterozygotes. Hybrids between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk races produce chains of nine and three chromosomes at meiosis, and hybrids between the Moscow and Seliger races produce chains of eleven. Our goal was to determine whether phenotypes show evidence of reduced gene flow at hybrid zones. We used maximum likelihood to fit tanh cline models to geometric shape data and found that phenotypic clines in skulls and mandibles across these zones had similar centers and widths as chromosomal clines. The amount of phenotypic differentiation across the zones is greater than expected if it were dissipating due to unrestricted gene flow given the amount of time since contact, but it is less than expected to have accumulated from drift during allopatric separation in glacial refugia. Only if heritability is very low, Ne very high, and the time spent in allopatry very short, will the differences we observe be large enough to match the expectation of drift. Our results therefore suggest that phenotypic differentiation has been lost through gene flow since post-glacial secondary contact, but not as quickly as would be expected if there was free gene flow across the hybrid zones. The chromosomal tension zones are confirmed to be partial barriers that prevent differentiated races from becoming phenotypically homogenous.

We report a new finding of the 54-chromosome sibling species of the common vole in East Siberia - the first description from Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal). The karyotype of a male specimen revealed by routine staining and C-banding demonstrates the unambiguous presence of Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924 (recently often regarded as as junior synonym of M. levis Miller, 1908). Comparison with conspecific specimens from the European part of the species range (from the left bank of the river Volga) shows that the vole of the island population has a smaller X-chromosome due to a reduced quantity of C-positive heterochromatin. This is just the third example of this type of X-chromosome variant with previous cases on an Arctic island (Svalbard) and the West Siberian lowland (Novosibirsk) and the only one on a lake island. Although M. rossiaemeridionalis is largely monomorphic in its karyotype, our data show that one specific type of X-chromosome variant is remarkably widespread, though rare.