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This study aimed to compare the meat quality of different beef cattle breeds using ultrasound imaging. A total of 28 cattle, aged 1-2.5 years, from three breeds were analyzed: Wagyu (n=7), Bali (n=10), and Wagyu×Bali cross-breeds (n=11). Meat quality traits, including longissimus dorsi thickness (LDT), backfat thickness (BFT), intramuscular fat (IMF), and marbling score (MS), were assessed using ultrasound imaging. The association between breed and meat quality was analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) followed by Tukey's test. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify clusters of meat quality potential among the different breeds. The results indicated that Wagyu×Bali cross-breeds exhibited the highest LDT (46.380±4.770 mm), though the difference was not statistically significant (P≥0.05) compared to either Bali or Wagyu cattle. However, significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed between Bali and Wagyu cattle. For BFT, MS, and IMF, Wagyu cattle outperformed both Bali cattle and Wagyu×Bali cross-breeds, with values of 5.490±0.806 mm, 6.010±0.998, and 49.05±8.140%, respectively. The PCA revealed two primary clusters: the first cluster, comprising Wagyu cattle, accounted for 75.6% of the diversity and was characterized by BFT, IMF, and MS as key variables. The second cluster included Bali cattle and Wagyu×Bali cross-breeds, representing 21.5% of the diversity, without any specific meat quality variable as a defining marker. Ultrasound imaging effectively estimated meat quality in Bali cattle and their cross-breeds, demonstrating its potential as a tool for meat quality assessment across different breeds.

The categorization of the Low-Income Community category is based on the poverty indicators in the Multidimensional Poverty Index, including the dimensions of health, education, and living standards. The Proxy Means Test (PMT) can estimate household income or consumption by taking into account household conditions that are readily observable and cannot be manipulated. This method offers the advantage of being capable of determining both the poverty level of a household and the household's characteristics based on asset ownership and socio-demographic conditions. This study aims to estimate per capita consumption using OLS, Robust, Quantile, LASSO, and Ensemble methods. The application of these methods is intended to address various issues, including the presence of outlier data, multicollinearity, and uncertainties. The results indicate that none of the four methods used achieved the highest accuracy based on the MSE, MAE, and sMAPE criteria. Consequently, employing an ensemble model becomes essential to accommodate the element of uncertainty present in these four models. The application of the ensemble method is not only as a comparison between the models, but also as a means to capture the uncertainty contained in each model

This research purpose is to offer insights to property owners and developers whose focus tends to be solely on the initial costs of green buildings, and aligning with the requirements set forth by Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No. 21 of 2022, effective from 2022, which mandates green buildings to obtain Building Structure Approval (PBG) and Functional Worthiness Certificate (SLF). Drawing from the 2013-2018 Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) report, which indicates a mere 2% certification rate for buildings exceeding 12 floors, this study seizes the opportunity to delve into how green building considerations influence financial decisions. Surveying 102 experienced respondents in green building practices, this research employs green building factor analysis, value engineering, life cycle cost analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)-PLS to scrutinize the factors influencing cost performance in green buildings. The findings spotlight 10 critical green building factors pivotal for securing certification, alongside unveiling correlations between initial costs, operational costs, and life cycle costs. Anticipated outcomes encompass facilitating compliance with Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No. 21 of 2021, and nurturing the development of green buildings in Indonesia. Implications span regulatory compliance, informed financial strategies, green building advancement, and knowledge dissemination. This study aims to simplify comprehension of the financial ramifications of green buildings, furnishing practical guidance for developers in navigating the intricacies of cost-sustainability equilibrium.

Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa penyusunan stimulus dalam proses pengembangan perangkat asesmen literasi numerasi, merupakan permasalahan bagi kebanyakan guru yang bernaung di MGMP IPA Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Mendesaknya waktu pelaksanaan asesmen literasi numerasi bagi peserta didik menyulut pentingnya pemberian solusi berupa kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan meningkatkan keterampilan menyusun stimulus perangkat asesmen literasi numerasi bagi guru yang berwadah di MGMP tersebut. Wujud solusi berupa pelatihan dengan model action learning berbasis fasilitasi dengan materi khusus tentang penyusunan stimulus asesmen, dan tahapan yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelatihan, dan pendampingan. Tahapan perencanaan dilakukan untuk identifikasi jenis kegiatan pelatihan, pengembangan materi dan rancangan pelaksanaan, serta penyiapan fasilitas pendukung.Tahapan pelatihan terdiri dari workshop untuk mengkaji materi stimulus soal dan penugasan pada peserta untuk mengembangkan stimulus asesmen berdasarkan materi yang telah dibahas. Pada langkah pendampingan, peserta didampingi untuk mengembangkan stimulus asesmen secara utuh. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa peserta kegiatan mengalami peningkatan pemahaman terhadap pengertian stimulus asesmen literasi dan keterampilan menyusunnya. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi adalah penyesuaian jadwal guru dan tim pengabdian untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan.

The industrial world has been increasingly using robots for production purposes. One type of robot used is a line follower robot for the purposes of transportation of production materials. Various researches and competitions of line follower robots were held to improve its performance. This study proposed a fuzzy logic algorithm using Sugeno method for a line follower mobile robot. This algorithm received input from the readings of 8 sensors mounted on the bottom of the robot and generated the speed of each left and right motor. This speed was used to keep the robot on track. The performance of this algorithm was compared with the fuzzy logic algorithm of the Mamdani method. The proposed fuzzy logic algorithm was better in terms of speed. The results of this study can be used as material to study the application of fuzzy logic algorithm in real time.

Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle are Friesian Holstein (FH), imported from European nations with a temperate environment with low temperatures in the range of 5°C–25°C. Indonesia has a tropical climate with a high ambient temperature that can reach 34°C during the day and the local relative humidity varies between 70% and 90%. Temperature and humidity are two microenvironment factors that may impact the production and heat release in FH cattle. More than 98% of the entire dairy cattle population in Indonesia is found on Java Island. On Java Island, there are between 534.22 and 543.55 thousand heads of cattle, while the dairy cattle population outside Java Island is just 6.59 thousand heads of cattle. The milk output climbs by an average of 3.34% per year, or approximately 909.64 thousand tons and the average annual growth in whole milk consumption was 0.19 L/capita. Indonesian cow milk output has been unable to keep pace with the country’s increasing demand. This study aimed to review the strategies to mitigate heat stress in FH dairy cattle in Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Resistant starch (RS) is difficult to digest in the digestive tract. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on RS in cassava and examined its impact on rumen fermentation. Materials and Methods: Cassava flour was used as a raw material and used in a randomized block design with four different cycles of HMT as the treatments and four different rumen incubations in vitro as blocks. Treatments included: HMT0: without HMT (control), HMT1: one HMT cycle, HMT2: two HMT cycles, and HMT3: three HMT cycles. Heat-moisture treatment processes were performed at 121°C for 15 min and then freezing at -20°C for 6 h. Analyzed HMT cassava starch characteristics included components, digestibility, and physicochemical properties. In in vitro rumen fermentation studies (48 h incubation) using HMT cassava, digestibility, gas production, methane, fermentation profiles, and microbial population assessments were performed. Results: Heat-moisture treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) starch, amylopectin, rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and slowly digestible starch levels. In contrast, amylose, reducing sugars, very RDS, RS, and protein digestion levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, a reduced crystallinity index and an increased amorphous index were observed in starch using Fourier-transform infrared analyses, while a change in crystalline type from type A to type B, along with a reduction in crystallinity degree, was observed in X-ray diffraction analyses. Heat-moisture treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced rumen dry matter (DM) degradation, gas production, methane (CH4 for 12 h), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate levels. In addition, acetate, butyrate, and acetate/propionate ratios, as well as population of Streptococcus bovis and Bacteroides were significantly increased (p < 0.05). However, pH, ammonia, and organic matter digestibility were unaffected (p < 0.05) by HMT. Conclusion: Cassava HMT altered starch characteristics, significantly increased RS, which appeared to limit rumen digestion activity, decreased rumen DM degradation, gas production, VFAs, and CH4 production for 12 h, but increased S. bovis and Bacteroides levels.

Entering the digital era, the culture of human life is increasingly inseparable from the use of electromagnetic waves which are very useful in supporting human life, but in the other side, it also has negative impacts in the form of radiation that threatens human health. Only few people realize that ornamental plants have many benefits other than as a decoration inside or outside the room. Several types of ornamental plants have the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation emitted by electronic equipment. In this simple physics research, measurements were made to compare the absorption of several types of ornamental plants to electromagnetic wave radiation, those are karet kebo, betel, succulent, ivy plant, and snake plant. The research results show that snake plant’s ability to absorb electromagnetic wave radiation is the greatest than others. Research conducted on ivy shows that the absorption of ornamental plants to electromagnetic wave radiation is influenced by the distance of the plant to the radiation source, where the closer the distance between the ornamental plants to the source of electromagnetic wave radiation is, the greater the absorption of radiation occurs, resulting in a decrease in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation also getting bigger. The trend of changes in the absorption of electromagnetic wave radiation shows a decrease in each increase in distance according to the exponential graph.

The MICE industry is considered one with high economic attractiveness for investors. Regulations and user requests for a new building are required to meet green building standards. The Green Building Council Indonesia issues Greenship's green building certification system. A minimum of 56 points is required for additional investment costs but will result in savings in operations to get a platinum rating. This paper aims to determine what factors are influential in optimising construction costs through the value engineering method to achieve a green building rating tool with life cycle costs using Structural Equation Modelling. The finding is that energy is the most influential factor in obtaining platinum rating certification, which requires value engineering and lifecycle cost analysis to achieve optimal investment costs with additional costs from 7,494% to 4,689%. The novelty of this research is that the selection of materials/machines and working methods of the green concept that saves energy needs to be carried out from the beginning of the design to achieve a feasible payback period for new investments, which will be the commitment of the owner to build a green MICE.

Starting in May 2021, green building is mandatory for new buildings in Indonesia. Greenship is a green building certification system in Indonesia issued by the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) which is a member of the World GBC for the conservation and efficiency of resources (energy, water, land, materials, and nature). Greenship will be implemented in MICE which is a building for Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions that has a strong economic attractiveness in Indonesia, which has a population of 270 million. Using the SEM-PLS it was quickly concluded that energy is the most influential factor in achieving platinum ratings from GBCI.With the value engineering (VE) method and life cycle cost analysis (LCC), it is needed an additional 4,689% cost for the platinum grade green costs through energy optimization will get a payback period of 3 years and 10 months. The novelty of this research, since the design, it is necessary to take steps to measure energy efficiency and other resources with a selection of materials/machines and working methods of the green concept to know the amount of additional initial costs that do not much burden investment costs compared with some future benefits of green MICE.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) associated with stress reactions play an important role in cell survival by activating numerous regulatory proteins and inducing black apoptosis. This study aimed to identify the potential SNPs of HSP70 gene in Kacang goats in Indonesia. Forty-three Kacang goats were selected from Sidoarjo and Tulungagung districts. The DNA isolated from blood samples was successfully amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with a pair of primers. The PCR products were sequenced in the coding region. The sequences were successfully aligned to determine the potential SNPs. A novel SNP (c.1311C>T) was found in this study. This SNP was categorized as a synonymous mutation. The insertion-deletion (in-del) mutation was also observed at the 1151st and 1161st nucleotide positions. Based on these mutations, four haplotypes were constructed where haplotype 1 had the highest frequency in Sidoarjo. Indonesian goats had no close relation with Iraqi goats according to Neighbor-Joing with Kimura’s 2-parameter approach. Haplotypes 1 and 2 in Indonesian goats had three different bases with all haplotypes in Iraqi goats in Median Joining Network. The study concluded that a novel SNP of HSP70 gene was identified in Kacang goats.

Learning in 2021 is a period of understanding with the help of online learning. Where online learning will affect the level of student ability. One of them is scientific literacy skills. one way to see students' scientific literacy skills is with socio-scientific issues on optical material. This study uses quantitative methods with class VIII C at SMPIT AL-MADANI. The result of this research is that the aspect of Science as the body of knowledge gets a score of 0.71. The aspect of Science as a way of thinking got a score of 0.72. The science aspect as a way of investigating got a score of 0.70, and the science aspect as a mastery of the interaction competence of Science, technology, and society got a score of 0.69. The average obtained is 0.70, with sufficient criteria. It can conclude that class VIII C students have sufficient scientific literacy skills after learning using the help of socio-scientific integrated science teaching materials.

Non-formal schooling was affected during the Covid-19 pandemic. The goal of this study was to look at how digital technology may be used in the Non-Formal Education Program. We looked at how digital technology is transforming traditional labor structures and transitioning them to online models using a literature study. According to the data, digital technology has an influence on home learning (LFH). Because of the advent of digital technology, students are utilizing online programs to replace face-to-face educational paradigms. Both the non-formal and formal education models have benefits, such as instructors' digital competency in building online course programs, knowledge of parents' digital modes, and the potential of students' networks to study with digital devices. The right technique for all schooling must be devised. However, it has various flaws, including low motivation and poor skill development if not used in conjunction with the appropriate approach. As a result, for the online learning process to be successful, especially in non-formal education, the correct method must be developed.

Asymmetric body traits in bilateral organisms are common and serve a range of different functions. In crustaceans, specifically among brachyuran crabs, heterochely and handedness in some species are known to aid in behavioural responses such as food acquisition, and sexual and territorial displays. However, the heterochely of the intertidal mud crab genus Scylla is still poorly understood. This study investigated the cheliped morphometric characteristics of orange mud crab Scylla olivacea and the relation of heterochely and handedness to sex. Scylla olivacea is heterochelous, with predominant right-handed (70.2%). Three morphometric variables, i.e., propodus length (PL), propodus depth (PD), and propodus width (PW) were significantly larger in the right cheliped and the estimated handedness based on these three variables were consistent with the presence of molariform teeth. The effect of sex had no influence on the occurrence of heterochely or handedness. The frequency of left-handedness increased with size, especially in males. We postulate that handedness reversal, a phenomenon seen in other crab species when the dominant hand is lost, also occurs in S. olivacea, thereby resulting in a change in left-handedness frequency. The use of chelipeds by males in mate and territorial defenses might provide an explanation for the higher risk of losing a dominant cheliped and thus, higher left-handedness frequency compared to females. Future behavioural research could shed light on the selective forces that affect the handedness distribution in mud crabs. Knowledge on heterochely and handedness of mud crabs could be useful for future development of less aggressive crab populations by claw reversal and the optimisation of limb autotomy techniques.

This study discusses the importance of principal management in efforts to improve the quality of education in vocational high schools, given the importance of the role of school principals where all policies are oriented towards improving the quality of education. Based on these objectives, a research design was then chosen using a quantitative design. The subject used in this study consisted of three groups, namely vice principals, education staff, and students. The instrument used was a questionnaire used to measure the managerial skills of school principals which consisted of three aspects including the innovator aspect consisting of four indicators, the motivator consisting of seven indicators, and the supervisor consisting of three indicators. The empirical methodology used in practical descriptive analysis represents trends and variations in data such as mean, median, and mode), which are very useful for explaining research data. Descriptive statistical analysis assisted by the SPSS program. The results of the study found that school principals had been able to improve the quality of education in vocational schools based on the innovator aspect with the highest average of 29.40 (Std. Dev 20.28), motivators with the highest average of 49.00 (Std. Dev 38.33), and supervisors with the highest average of 49.00 (Std. Dev 37.59).

The age of a woman when giving birth to her first child needs to be a concern because it is related to the safety of the mother and baby. A woman being too young or too old increases the risk of death for both the mother and baby. Every woman giving birth for the first time is likely to experience psychological disorders such as anxiety and excessive fear during labor, and even postpartum depression. Given the importance and possible extent of the consequences of women giving birth for the first time, this study intended to assess the factors that influence the age at first birth, especially amongst women of childbearing age in East Java. These factors include the age at first marriage, education, and region. The method used was the extended Cox regression model. The analysis shows that the age at first marriage and education are factors that significantly influence the age at first birth. The more mature the age at first marriage, the more mature the age at first birth. Likewise, the higher the educational status, the higher the potential for giving birth to a first child over the age of 23, especially amongst women who graduated high school and university.

The land availability in public cemeteries in Tuban currently under pressure towards the land capacity which is getting limited due to the population growth and inadequate facilities. This study, using the calculation to get the estimated area and the land capacity of the public cemetery in Tuban. The data compilation steps consists of primary survey and secondary survey. The primary survey activities carried out included field surveys and community aspirations which were carried out through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Meanwhile, the secondary survey was conducted to find data, namely basic data on laws and policies, and data on social demographic conditions. The analytical method used is the analysis of grave needs by analyzing the projection of the mortality rate, calculating the need for cemetery land area per year, calculating the remaining land area for the cemetery, calculating the remaining land capacity of the cemetery, and calculating the remaining capacity of the cemetery with a one-time overlapping system. From the results of the analysis, it is obtained that the remaining capacity of the burial ground in Tuban District will be filled in 2021 and will require an additional land area of 617,945 m2 (61 Ha) in 2030. Semanding and Merakurak Districts are projected to be full in 2025 with a land area requirement of 81,589 m2 (8.1 Ha) and 113,875 m2 (11 Ha) in 2030 Palang District will be full in 2026 and Jenu District will be full in 2028.

Patients with physical disabilities, such as losing a leg or experiencing paralysis, will have difficulty moving from one place to another. As a result, they need someone or a device that can help them to move. One that is often used by patients is a wheelchair. This study proposes an electric wheelchair navigation system that can be controlled by voice commands using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method. CNN is used as the main method for identifying commands embedded on the Raspberry Pi microcontroller. The recorded voice data is then converted to spectrogram images before being fed to CNN. This method is proven to be better in voice command recognition with an accuracy of above 90%. There are five different voice commands: forward, backward, left, right, and stop. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the electric wheelchair is able to move according to the commands given.

Senyawa kurkumin telah dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang, salah satunya dibidang fotovoltaik sebagai pemanen energi matahari yang akan dikonversi menjadi energi listrik. Keterbatasan dari senyawa ini adalah tidak stabil terhadap cahaya matahari karena adanya gugus keton dan gugus hidroksil. Kedua elektron bebas pada gugus ini dapat berinteraksi dengan logam membentuk senyawa kompleks. Pada penelitian ini, pengaruh ion logam Cu2+ terhadap sistem kristal dan stabilitas dikaji. Kurkumin yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kurkumin komersial yang telah dipurifikasi. Kurkumin dalam pelarut methanol dilarutkan bersama CuSO4 dengan perbandingan mol 1:2. Setelah campuran di refluks kemudian diperoleh endapan dengan warna kuning tua. Endapan yang telah dikeringkan kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer XRD, FT-IR, dan UV-Vis. Tidak banyak perubahan yang teramati pada pola difraksi sinar-X, IR maupun UV-Vis. Sedikit pergeseran teramati mengindikasikan interaksi antara kurkumin dengan Cu2+. Pengujian fotostabilitas dilakukan dengan melarutkan senyawa kurkumin dan Cu2+-kurkumin dalam dimetilsulfoksida (DMSO) dimasukan dalam ruang dengan sumber lampu UV 10 watt. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 10 hari dan diukur absorbansi maksimum setiap satu hari menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil analisis absorbansi menunjukkan terjadi pergeseran dan puncak baru pada senyawa kompleks pada panjang gelombang diatas 500 nm. Melalui perhitungan menggunakan orde 0, senyawa kurkumin dan Cu2+-kurkumin akan terdegradasi seluruhnya (absorbansi sama dengan 0) pada hari ke-16 dan ke-55. Kata Kunci: Senyawa analog kurkumin; Cu2+-kurkumin; Fotostabilitas; tetapan laju degradasi.

This study aims to describe learning to write poetry in high schools in Brebes Regency. (1) the importance of developing learning to write poetry for high school students that is attractive and fun, (2) the importance of the dimensions of the knowledge construction process in the learning process, (3) there is no model deemed appropriate for learning to write poetry, (4) the importance of the media used in learning to write poetry for high school students, and (5) the importance of introducing students to multiculturalism in learning to write poetry. Things that are needed by teachers and students in learning to write poetry include: (1) easy-to-use media, (2) an interesting and fun learning atmosphere, (3) can develop students' talents and interests, (4) can increase social feelings between friends, and (5) can train courage and self-confidence.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran menulis puisi di SMA se-Kabupaten Brebes. (1) pentingnya pengembangan pembelajaran menulis puisi siswa SMA yang menarik dan menyenangkan, (2) pentingnya dimensi The knowledge construction process dalam proses pembelajaran, (3) belum adanya model yang dianggap tepat untuk pembelajaran menulis puisi, (4) pentingnya media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran menulis puisi siswa SMA, dan (5) pentingnya mengenalkan kepada siswa tentang multikultural dalam pembelajaran menulis puisi. Hal yang diperlukan guru dan siswa pada pembelajaran menulis puisi, meliputi: (1) media yang mudah digunakan, (2) suasana pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan, (3) dapat mengembangkan bakat dan minat siswa, (4) dapat meningkatkan rasa sosial antarteman, dan (5) dapat melatih keberanian dan percaya diri.

This research contributes to the development of acronym formations in Indonesian that are in accordance with the patterns of acronym formation in newspapers in North Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the acronym formation that are obedient to the pattern of acronym formations in Indonesian and how to overcome or find solutions to the problem of non-conformity in the process of acronym formations in Indonesian. This study uses the Research And Development Method (R & D). The research procedure is descriptive in nature with the steps as follow: 1) Potentials and problems: R & D departs from the problem of inconsistencies in the acronym formations in Indonesian, this is a potential and a problem. 2) Gathering Information: researchers collect information from various dailies published in North Sumatra and hold FGDs with Indonesian lecturers and teachers. The results show that there are acronym formations that do not adhere to the principles of Indonesian. The observation conducted by the researcher shows that daily events that occur in society contribute to the birth of these kinds of acronyms. Acronyms that do not obey the principles will lead to irregular Indonesian vocabulary and do not meet the requirements of a good language. The formulations of the problems in this research are: 1. What are the forms of acronyms that do not comply with the principles of newspapers in North Sumatra. 2. How are the forms of acronyms that do not comply with the principles of Acronym Formation in Indonesian. The results of this study found that several acronym formation processes in Indonesian are not aligned with the pattern of acronym formations in Indonesian.

This study aims analyze the potential of attractions in Madura to become sharia tourism destinations. Next will measure the level of community readiness and development strategies for Islamic tourism in Madura. To analyze the potential of sharia tourism objects, they use observational analysis and public perceptions about the suitability of tourism objects with sharia tourism. As for the analysis of the development of Islamic tourism on the island of Madura using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The results showed that, Madura has the potential to become a sharia tourist destination, because has a potential tourist attraction to be developed into an Islamic tourist attraction. Second , the Madurese people already have an understanding of sharia tourism, this will be a big capital for Madura to become sharia tourism destinations in Indonesia. Citizen Branding Strategy can be a top priority in efforts to develop Islamic tourism on the island of Madura.

The normal distribution approach is often used in regression analysis at the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modeling stage. Several studies have shown that the normal distribution approach has drawbacks compared to the more robust t-distribution approach. The t-distribution approach is found to control size much more successfully in small samples compared to existing methods in the presence of moderately heavy tails. In many RSM applications, there is more than one response (multiresponse), which is usually correlated with each other (multivariate). On the other hand, the actual response surface habitually indicates the curve by the optimal value, so the second-order model is used. This paper aims to develop the second-order multiresponse surface model using a multivariate t-distribution approach. This work also provides the parameter estimation procedure and hypothesis testing for the significance of the parameter. First, the parameter estimation is performed using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), followed by the Expectation–Maximization algorithm as an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood. Next, the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) method is used to test the parameters simultaneously. The model obtained uses this approach to determine the conditions of input variables that optimize the Paracetamol tablets’ physical quality characteristics.

Generating an accurate rainfall prediction is a challenging work due to the complexity of the climate system. Numerous efforts have been conducted to generate reliable prediction such as through ensemble forecasts, the North Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME). The performance of NMME globally has been investigated in many studies. However, its performance in a specific location has not been much validated. This paper investigates the performance of NMME to forecast rainfall in Surabaya, Indonesia. Our study showed that the rainfall prediction from NMME tends to be underdispersive, which thus requires a bias correction. We proposed a new bias correction method based on gamma regression to model the asymmetric pattern of rainfall distribution and further compared the results with the average ratio method and linear regression. This study showed that the NMME performance can be improved significantly after bias correction using the gamma regression method. This can be seen from the smaller RMSE and MAE values, as well as higher R2 values compared with the results from linear regression and average ratio methods. Gamma regression improved the R2 value by about 30% higher than raw data, and it is about 20% higher than the linear regression approach. This research showed that NMME can be used to improve the accuracy of rainfall forecast in Surabaya.

Krisan merupakan tumbuhan yang termasuk dalam familia Acanthacea yang hidup pada dataran tinggi dengan iklim tropis atau sub tropis. Krisan digunakan sebagai obat herbal karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan alkaloid yang digunakan sebagai anti antibakteri, antiinflamasi, antioksidan. Berdasarkan pendekatan anatomi dapat diketahui bahwa tumbuhan mensintesis dan menyimpan senyawa bioaktif melalui sel-sel dan jaringan yang terspesialisasi. Salah satu sel, dan jaringan yang terspesialisasi untuk mensekresi metabolit sekunder adalah trikoma. Trikoma dapat dibagi menjadi trikoma glandular dan non glandular. Trikoma glandular dapat menyimpan dan mensekresi metabolit sekunder pada tumbuhan, sedangkan trikoma non glandular tidak dapat mensekresi metabolit sekunder. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bentuk, dan jenis trikoma pada varietas krisan fiji kuning, fiji putih, jimla kuning, puspita nusantara dan barcadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode leaf clearing pada sepal dan petal bunga krisan, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan dengan optilab. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat lima jenis trikoma glandular dan dua jenis trikoma non glandular. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat tujuh tipe trikoma yang ditemukan pada lima varietas krisan yang diuji dan setiap varietas krisan memiliki jenis trikoma yang berbeda.

Traffic accident is one of the causes of death in the world. One of them is traffic accidents on motorcyclist not wearing helmets. To overcome this problem, several researchers have developed detection system of motorcyclist not wear helmet. This system consists of motorcycle detection and motorcyclist head detection. On motorcycle detection, accuracy still needs to be improved. For this reason, this paper proposed motorcycle detection by adding image improvement processes that are enhancing contrast and adding object positioning features.The techniques proposed in this study are divided into 3 stages of image enhancement, feature extraction, and classification. The image enhancement stage consists of enhance contrast, convert RGB image to gray scale, background subtraction, convert gray scale image to binary, closing operation, and small object removal. The features used in this paper are the features of the object area, the circumference of the object, and the location of the object, while the method for classification process using back-propagation neural network and SVM. The proposed method resulted in an accuracy of 96.97%. Error occurs in all image test data not motorcycle objects detected as motorcycle objects. This error is caused because the pixel value between the objects in the image with the background color has a level of difference is too small, so it is detected as an object not a motorcycle.

The peel of red dragon fruit have a natural antimicrobe potency. This research have aim to explore the peel of red dragon fruit as an antimicrobe with used GC-MS. The result of research showed that content of the peel of red dragon fruit was dominated by ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (26,56%), oleic acid (24,08%), estra-1,3,4(10) trien-17 beta-ol (9,63%), 9,12-octa deca dienoic acid (Z,Z) (8,27%), and organic acid compound, phenol, flavonoid, esther (31,46%) that had an antimicrobe potency. The aplication of the red dragon fruit peel on Tongkol fish that was contaminated with E coli, showed that, there is a decrease of E coli as much as 1.47 x 109 koloni/g, significantly. The conclusion of research was the peel of red dragon fruit have a natural antimicrobe potency.

Lecturers have broad autonomy in developing instructional. With the characteristics possessed by these lecturers, collaboration between lecturers (team teaching) is a challenge that is sometimes not easy. However, in vocational learning, lecturer cooperation in learning is something that cannot be avoided. In the Classroom Action Research to SMK, researchers collaborated at partner schools of SMKN 5 Surakarta and SMKN I Mondokan Sragen. The type of research used is ethnographic research, which is a qualitative observation method used in social science that focuses on field studies and their interactions, and sees everything as unique. The method used in conducting the evaluation is the equivalent test, which is a test that aims to measure its reliability identically with the reference test. The conclusion that can be drawn in this PDS program is to complement each other's strengths and weaknesses in organizing the learning process for SMK. Pamong teachers who work together are senior teachers who have eaten a lot of salt in their teaching. Pamong teachers have adequate competence in teaching and educating students, on the other hand, senior teachers have limitations in developing learning innovations. This is where the role of PDS lecturers in completing the shortage of teachers. The innovation that the lecturers did was to provide guidance using e-learning in learning at SMK. This e-learning has many advantages in learning the millennial generation. By maintaining student motivation, the learning objectives will be better achieved.

Perkembangan teknologi komputer semakin pesat, hal ini mendorong para guru untuk lebih memilih media yang berhubungan dengan komputer. Pembelajaran mata pelajaran (mapel) menggunakan media online Scratch belum banyak dilakukan, karena program Scratch termasuk program baru yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan dalam dunia pendidikan. Media interaktif berbasis Scratch. Materi maple merupakan media yang dibuat menggunakan program Scratch dengan pokok bahasan materi maple SMA. Mapel merupaka salah satu materi dalam pelajaran maple di SMA yang masih membutuhkan pemikiran yang abstrak. Menghasilkan model animasi untuk menjadi salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran bagi siswa. Pengembangan media ini mengikuti model 4D yang terdiri dari 4 tahap pengembangan yaitu: pendefinisia, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. uji coba program dilakukakan pada guru SMA yang dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Mraggen dan SMAN 1 Karangtengan – Kab.Demak. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan data penyebaran angket dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan analisis data maka dalam pengabdian berharap dapat dilaksanakan bahwa media pembelajaran online berbasis Scratch dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran.

Honda CS-1 merupakan salah satu jenis sepeda motor dengan transmisi manual dengan spesifikasi mesin SOHC (Single Overhead Camshaft). Untuk melakukan perawatan mesin tersebut dibutuhkan pengetahuan yang cukup. Beberapa mekanik memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang berbeda sehingga dimungkinkan terdapat kesalahan dalam melakukan perawatan mesin.Untuk menghindari kesalahan tersebut, maka perlu dirancang sebuah aplikasi untuk membantu mekanik melakukan analisa kondisi mesin tersebut, sehingga mekanik dapat menganalisa letak kerusakan mesin dan memberikan saran penanganan yang tepat.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode mamdani. Dari hasil pengujian aplikasi ini didapatkan bahwa error rate untuk menentukan kondisi kerusakan mesin adalah 10%. Hal ini berarti bahwa aplikasi sudah dapat diterapkan untuk membantu mekanik untuk menentukan kondisi kerusakan mesin motor Honda CS-1. Kata kunci: logika fuzzy, mamdani, honda CS-1.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui konsep pemberdayaan pondok pesantren Annuqayah dalam pengentasan kemiskinan; 2) memaknai peran modal sosial yang dimiliki dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberdayaan pada pondok pesantren Annuqayah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pedekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik analisis antara lain: Analisis Life History, Studi Kasus, dan penggunaan bahan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: Pertama, konsep pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh pondok pesantren Annuqayah terdapat dua model. Model pertama pemberdayaan menggunakan dakwah bil-hal. Dakwah bil-hal dalam pemberdayaan disini dilakukan dengan membentuk kelompok binaan yang mempunyai masalah sosial dan ekonomi untuk diberikan modal usaha. Model yang kedua pemberdayaan dilakukan dengan cara pemberian tabungan dan pembiayaan tanpa jaminan dan tanpa bunga. Semua kegitan dalam pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh Pondok Pesantren Annuqayah berpedoman pada konsep Al-Qur’an dan Hadits. Kedua, modal sosial yang dimiliki oleh pondok pesantren Annuqayah dalam kegiatan pemberdayaan adalah budaya dan tradisi di masyarakat sekitar pesantren yang beriringan dengan agama sehingga menghasilkan sebuah norma agama dan norma kesopanan, kepercayaan yang diberikan antara para pengasuh pondok pesantren dan juga mitra pondok pesantren. Penerapan nilai-nilai seperti kejujuran yang diajarkan oleh pesantren terus melekat pada masyarakat dalam proses pemberdayaan. Konsep kemitraan dengan sistem jaringan yang berupa selalu menjaga tali silaturrahim antara alumni, pesantren dan masyarakat, serta repirositas yang berupa saling membantu antar pesantren dan masyarakat memperlancar terlaksananya pemberdayaan. Semua unsur modal sosial tersebut mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup penting dalam kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat di sekitar pesantren Annuqayah.

The mutation rs109231213 that is located in 3’UTR of PLAG1 gene is associated with the growth and body weight in several Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds. This study aimed to identify SNP rs109231213 in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). The study used 41 samples of Bali cattle. The PLAG1 gene polymorphism was analyzed using PCR and direct sequencing methods. PCR pimers were 5’- TTGCACAGAATCAGTGTGTC-3’ and 5’- AGCCTAACGTGGATCTATGG-3’. The results showed that primers successfully amplified the 331 bp fragment at annealing 60°C that contained rs109231213. SNP was monomorphic in Bali cattle with one allele (G). This study concludes that rs109231213 in 3’UTR of PLAG1 gene can be used as specific marker in purebred of Bali cattle that have never been crossed with Bos taurus and Bos indicus.

Bahasa Indonesia: Realita menunjukkan bahwa ada sebagian mahasiswa Prodi PAI FTK UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya penguasaan kompetensi keagamaannya kurang memadai, terutama dalam baca tulis al-Qur’a>n dan al-H}adi>th, baik yang diterima melalui jalur SPAN, UM PTKIN maupun jalur Mandiri. Dengan demikian, timbul kekhawatiran atas kesenjangan antara masukan dan harapan keluaran Prodi PAI yang mencetak calon guru PAI yang profesional. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi evaluatif. Hasil analisis menggunakan One Way Anova menunjukkan Fhitung = 44,88 dan uji T dengan thitung = 9,433. Apabila Fhitung = 44,88 dikonfirmasi dengan nilai Ftabel, baik menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5% dan 1%, maka Fhitung> Ftabel (3,44 < 44,88 > 4,88). Apabila thitung = 9,433 dikonfirmasi dengan nilai ttabel, baik menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5% dan 1%, maka thitung> ttabel (1,665 < 9,433 > 2,376), menunjukkan ada persamaan dan perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensi keagamaan mahasiswa Prodi PAI FTK UINSA, baik jalur SPAN, UM PTKIN maupun Mandiri. Persamaannya, pertama nilai rata-rata kompetensi keagamaan pada masing-masing jalur penerimaan terletak pada nilai A- s/d A (9,18 s/d 10,49); kedua, Studi H}adi>th sebagai mata kuliah keagamaan dengan nilai terendah. Perbedaannya, nilai tertinggi jalur SPAN dan UM PTKIN ditempati oleh Aqidah Ilmu Kalam, sedangkan nilai tertinggi pada jalur mandiri ditempati oleh Fiqih Ibadah. English: It is the fact that mastery of Islamic Religious Subjects by some new students at Islamic Education Department of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya is not yet satisfying, especially in reading al-Qur'a>n and al-H}adi>th, by those admitted through SPAN, UM PTKIN or Jalur Mandiri (institutional test). Thus, there is an apprehension about quality disparity between the input and expected output of Islamic education teacher training program to result in professional teachers. This descriptive quantitative research uses an evaluative phenomenology approach. Based on the results of the analysis using One Way Anova, obtained F-count = 44,88 and T-test, which yield t-count = 9,433. If F-count= 44.88 is confirmed against F-table score, using both the 5% and 1% significance levels, then F-count > F-table (3.44 4.88). If t-count = 9,433 is confirmed with t-table value, using 5% and 1% significance level, then t-count > t-table (1,665 2,376), shows there are similarities and significant differences of religious competence of students of Islamic education teacher training of UINSA admitted through SPAN, UM PTKIN and Jalur Mandiri. The similarities is, first, the average score of religious competence in every entry test model lies in the A- and A (9.18 to 10.49); second, in average students experienced H}adi>th studies in the training process with as the lowest grade. The difference is that the students admitted through the SPAN and UM PTKIN modes achieved high score in Aqidah Ilmu Kalam during the training, while those coming from Jalur Mandiri are strong in Fiqh Ibadah (Fiqih 1).

The objective of this study was to characterize the durian lay juices supplemented by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) culture during cold storage. The LAB cultures consisted of Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0265, Lactobacillus acidophillus FNCC-0051 and combination of these LABs. After being inoculated with a 24 h – old culture starters, durian lay juice was incubated at 37 °C for 2 hours and kept at 4 °C for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Changes in pH, total lactic acid, and sugar content, viable cell counts of LAB, total soluble solid, viability of LAB, and sensory characteristic during fermentation were measured. The results revealed that pH decreased from 4.79 to 4.20; sugar content reduced from 4.52 to 0.75 %; total soluble solid reduced from 8.93 to 7.97 °Bx, and sensory score reduced from 3.71 (like) to 3.40 (moderate like); while the total lactic acid increased from 0.33 to 0.69 %; viable cell counts of LAB increased from 8.86 to 9.14 log CFU/ml; and % viability of LAB decreased from 100 to 95.90, during storage. Combination of Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0265 and Lactobacillus acidophillus FNCC-0051 cultures at two weeks cold storage period was the best treatment, based on the sensory and viable cell counts of LAB. The characteristics of this durian lay juice probiotic were pH 4.46, total lactic acid 0.59 %, sugar content 2.13 %, viable cell counts of LAB 9.33 log CFU/mL, total soluble solid 9.60 °Bx, and carbohydrate 45,05 %. This durian lay juice contained oxalate (107.56 mg/L), malic (527.895 mg/L), lactic (4381.49 mg/L) and citric (351.245 mg/L) acid. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji karakteristik minuman laktat sari durian lay yang disuplementasi dengan kultur bakteri asam laktat (BAL) selama penyimpanan pada suhu rendah. Kultur BAL terdiri dari Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0265, Lactobacillus acidophillus FNCC-0051, dan campuran keduanya. Sari buah durian lay diinokulasi dengan kultur berumur 24 jam lalu diinkubasi pada suhu 37 °C selama 2 jam dan kemudian disimpan selama 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 minggu. Perubahan pH, total asam, gula, total sel BAL. Total padatan terlarut, viabilitas BAL, dan sensori selama penyimpanan dingin diukur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pH dari 4,79 ke 4,20; kandungan gula dari 4,52 ke 0,75%; total padatan terlarut dari 8,93 ke 7.97 °Bx, viabilitas BAL dari 100 % menjadi 95,90 %, dan skor sensori dari 3,71 suka ke 3,40 (agak suka); sementara pada total asam terjadi peningkatan dari 0,33 ke 0,69 %; dan sel hidup BAL meningkat dari 8,86 menjadi 9,14 log CFU/mL. Berdasarkan parameter sensori, perlakuan kultur campuran Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0265 dan Lactobacillus acidophillus FNCC-0051 yang disimpan selama 2 minggu merupakan perlakuan terbaik. Sari buah durian lay ini mempunyai karakteristik sebagai berikut: pH 4,45, total asam laktat 0,83 %, gula 2,20%, sel hidup BAL 9,33 log CFU/mL, total padatan terlarut 9,16 °Bx, dan karbohidrat 35,04 %. Asam organik yang terkandung pada jus durian lay ini adalah asam oksalat (108 mg/L), malat (528 mg/L), laktat (4382 mg/L) dan sitrat (351 mg/L).

ABSTRAK  Dengan adanya program pemerintah kota Batu pada tahun 2014 dianggarkan pipanisasi dari sumber ke Tandon, berikut tandon penampungan sementara yang ada di jalan Dr. Sutomo yang berkapasitas 72 meter kubik, studi ini dilakukan dengan metode survey untuk mencari data primer yang diperlukan dan dilanjutkan pengolahan data. Bertujuan agar semua masyarakat di Kelurahan Dadaprejo terlayani oleh sumber air yang ada.  Studi Kelayakan ekonomi dengan bunga bank 9 % dan dipilih jaringan dengan material pipa galvanis, perbandingan biaya dan pendapatan (B/C) = 1,01 pendapatan sebesar  Rp.2.756.400.00,dengan pembiayaan senialai Rp. 2.720.445.130 maka didapatkan keuntungan 9,5% pertahun dan kembali modal 5,99 tahun.  Kata Kunci : kelayakan, ekonomi, material pipa  ABSTRACT With the goverment of the Batu city in 2014,  budgeted used source to tandon, the following tandon temporary shelter who are in the way of Dr. Sutomo with a capacity of 72 meters cubic, the study was conducted with the methods survey to find primary data needed and continued data processing. Aims to get all community at the Dadaprejo Distrik served by the water. A feasibility study economy with, bank interest 9 % by network with a pipa galvanized material, benefit cost ratio (B/C = 1,01) net present value (NPV)  IDR 2.756.400.000 and present value IDR 2.720.445.130 the internal rate of return (IRR) = 9.5 %, the break even point (pay back period) 5.99 years  Keyword: feasibility , economic , pipe material