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Hospitalisasi menimbulkan kecemasan, anak berusaha beradaptasi dengan lingkungan rumah sakit, kondisi tersebut menjadi stressor bagi anak, orang tua dan keluarga. Anak tidak kooperatif menerima tindakan keperawatan dan memperberat kondisi kesehatan. Salah satu intervensi yang dapat digunakan adalah terapi bermain boneka tangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan anak yang sedang dirawat sebelum dan sesudah penerapan terapi bermain boneka tangan. Desain penelitian adalah studi kasus deskriptif, dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan. Sampel penelitian adalah dua orang anak prasekolah yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Noesmir Baturaja. Instrumen pengukuran tingkat kecemasan adalah skala HARS dan observasi perilaku kecemasan berpedoman pada Standar Luaran Keperawatan Indonesia. Terdapat penurunan tingkat kecemasan anak setelah dilakukan terapi bermain boneka tangan yaitu score sebelum yaitu 16 dan 18 ( ansietas ringan ) menjadi kurang dari 14. Terapi bermain boneka tangan dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan tingkat ansietas pada anak prasekolah dan lebih kooperatif dalam menerima perawatan

To restore the function of ex-mining land according to its designation, the ex-mining area must be reclaimed. Ecological dynamics, especially soil conditions and the composition, structure, and biodiversity that occur in reclamation areas, need to be understood so that the reclamation area meets the criteria for the success of mine reclamation. This study aimed to understand the composition, structure, biodiversity, and soil conditions that influence growth in the reclamation area. The research was conducted in a silica mine reclamation area with a 17.8 m radius (r) circular plot (0.1 ha) of 10 plots (±1 ha) for vegetation and 9 points for soil sampling at a depth of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. In general, the results of the vegetation inventory show that the tree species recorded are dominated by Pinus merkusii, Hevea brasiliensis, and Enterolobium cyclocarpum with mean values of diameter, height, and low diversity conditions. The condition of soil physical and chemical properties in the reclamation area at both depths shows low mean values, which can affect the growth rate of plants in the reclamation area. The species of Schima wallichii that grow naturally in the reclamation area was found, indicating that the reclamation activities have created a good environment for other tree species to grow naturally. However, enrichment activities need to be carried out to increase biodiversity.

The competition in the digital era industry is increasingly fierce, requiring product innovation power for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Education needs to facilitate the creativity of entrepreneurial students to optimize their potential. However, empirical studies backing students’ creativity in emerging nation is lacking, and Indonesia is no exception. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and product innovation through students’ creativity as a mediator. This study involved a self-administered survey targeted at university students as respondents, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. This research paper proposes four hypotheses, and statistical tests confirm that all hypotheses are accepted. The findings show that there is a positive and significant effect of entrepreneurship education on product innovation and creativity. This study also confirms the role of creativity in mediating entrepreneurship education and product innovation. This present study contributes to explaining the influence of entrepreneurship education on creativity and its impact on product innovation, implying that educational institutions need to create entrepreneurship education activities that can promote creativity and innovativeness.

AbstractThe digitalization of entrepreneurship articulates concepts from various streams of literature to promote entrepreneurial intentions. This study investigates the influence of digital entrepreneurship education, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use on digital entrepreneurial intentions. Drawing on knowledge-based literature, this research explores the mediating effect of digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The data were collected from 309 university students in Indonesia through a self-administered survey, and the hypotheses were estimated using PLS-SEM with Smart-PLS 3.0. The findings indicate that digital entrepreneurship education significantly affects digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention among Indonesian students. This study also demonstrates that the variables of the technology acceptance model can promote digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention. In addition, the result confirms the mediating role of digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy in explaining the association between digital entrepreneurship education, perceived ease of use, and entrepreneurial intentions.

AbstractEntrepreneurship has emerged a prominent of concern during Covid-19 pandemic, making essential contribution toward unemployment as a result of the pandemic. The purpose of this research is to look at the entrepreneurial intentions of students in Indonesia’s East Java Province. The research focuses on how students’ entrepreneurial intentions are influenced by their perception of their own abilities as entrepreneurs, as well as subjective criteria, role models, and success needs. To further understand the connections between these variables, this quantitative study used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model based on Partial Least Square (PLS) variance. The research involved 340 East Java economics students who were polled. The findings indicate that subjective norms, role models, and needs for achievement affect students’ entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the relationship between subjective norms, role models, achievement demands, and entrepreneurship intention is mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. These results provide recommendations for Indonesian institutions and governments to improve their entrepreneurial education approach, emphasizing practice over theory. This research contributes to the scientific knowledge about students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

Kompetisi di dalam dunia bisnis adalah hal yang tidak dapat dihindari, misalnya kompetisi di sektor perbankan. Pada sektor ini, kompetisi potensial dalam mendorong dunia usaha agar lebih kompetitif, dan juga meningkatkan efisiensi dan kesehatan bank. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kompetisi yang terjadi di antara bank BNI dan Mandiri menggunakan pendekatan model kompetisi Lotka-Volterra. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tipe kompetisi yang berlangsung antara bank BNI dan Mandiri adalah tipe prei-predator, di mana bank BNI bertindak sebagai prei, sedangkan bank Mandiri bertindak sebagai predator. Selain itu, hasil peramalan laba bersih di masa mendatang menunjukkan bahwa perolehan laba bersih bank BNI cenderung mengalami penurunan untuk periode sepuluh tahun ke depan, dan setelahnya stabil. Sebaliknya, perolehan laba bersih bank Mandiri mengalami peningkatan untuk periode tiga tahun ke depan, dengan perolehan laba bersih maksimum diperoleh pada tahun 2025, dan setelahnya stabil. Oleh karena itu, baik bank BNI maupun bank Mandiri harus mengambil sebuah kebijakan untuk mengatasi perolehan laba bersih yang berpeluang akan mengalami stagnasi di masa mendatang. Kata Kunci: bank, kompetisi, laba bersih, Lotka-Volterra, prei-predator, stabil

Abstract: The objective of this study is to balance forest conservation with economic growth while accounting for the rate of deforestation. The methodology employed in this research utilizes a mathematical modeling approach, specifically adopting the logistic model to represent forest growth rates. In addition, numerical analysis is applied to illustrate the impact of economic activities on forest areas. The data used in the study consist of deforestation rates in Indonesia from 2000 to 2021. The findings indicate that the rate of economic activity in forested areas is directly proportional to the reduction in forest area. If the rate of deforestation due to economic activity approaches the forest growth rate, the likelihood of forest area reduction increases, and forest depletion will occur if the two rates become equal. To resolve the dilemma between forest conservation and economic growth, this study proposes a solution consisting of three key steps: (1) establishing a minimum forest area that is strictly protected from economic exploitation; (2) setting the ratio between forest growth rates and economic activity rates as a primary foundation for ensuring sustainable forest conservation and economic development; and (3) calculating environmental costs, such as reforestation, based on the proportional relationship between deforestation rates and forest growth rates. Keywords: Deforestation, Environmental Cost, Economy, Forest, Growth Rate

Latar Belakang: Menurut data SSGI tahun 2022, prevalensi gizi lebih pada balita di Indonesia yaitu 3,5%, di Jawa Tengah 3,2% sedangkan di Kabupaten Kebumen sebesar 3,3%. Balita gizi lebih memiliki resiko mengalami gangguan perkembangan motorik kasar sebesar 12 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita status gizi normal. Saat ini, masih sedikit program kesehatan yang fokus terhadap pengentasan obesitas pada balita. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pola asuh pemberian makan dan perilaku makan balita obesitas sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi pembuatan program pencegahan balita obesitas di Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan wawancara mendalam. Informan berjumlah sepuluh orang terdiri dari informan utama yaitu orang tua balita obesitas dan informan kunci yaitu ahli gizi dan bidan Puskesmas. Hasil: Sebagian besar orang tua balita obesitas tidak berusaha dengan keras untuk menyuruh anaknya makan, jarang menjanjikan sesuatu agar anak bersedia makan, serta sering memperbolehkan anak memilih makanan yang disukainya. Orang tua memberikan kesempatan balita untuk menambah porsi makan serta memperbolehkan mengambil makanannya sendiri. Sebagain besar perilaku makan balita obesitas yaitu frekuensi makan utama 2 sampai 3 kali per hari, frekuensi minum susu formula lebih dari 8 botol per hari, sering mengonsumsi makanan selingan tinggi kalori dan gula. Pada balita dibawah satu tahun, terdapat riwayat selalu diberikan MP ASI pabrikan mulai usia 6 bulan. Kesimpulan: Program edukasi pencegahan balita obesitas berbasis pola asuh parental demandingness dan responsiveness serta pola makan yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi angka gizi lebih pada balita di Kabupaten Kebumen.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop an electrolysis system to produce silver nanoparticles free from toxic gases, as the most common reduction and electrolysis techniques produce nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a byproduct, which is harmful to human health. The new electrolysis system used two identical silver plate electrodes, replacing silver and carbon rods, and used water as the electrolyte instead of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution since AgNO3 is the source of NO2. Methods: The electrolytic silver nanoparticles (ESNs) produced by the new system were characterized and compared with reductive silver nanoparticles (RSNs). Using UV–Visible spectrophotometry, absorption peaks were found at 425 nm (ESN) and 437 nm (RSN). Using dynamic light scattering, the particle diameters were measured at 40.3 nm and 39.9 nm for ESNs at concentrations of 10 ppm and 30 ppm, respectively, and 74.0 nm and 74.6 nm for RSNs at concentrations of 10 ppm and 30 ppm, respectively. Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was assessed using the Kirby–Bauer method. Results: It was found that the efficacy of ESNs and RSNs was relatively lower than that of 5% chloramphenicol because it was measured in different concentration units (ESNs and RSNs in ppm and chloramphenicol in %). Using the calibration curve, the efficacy of 5% chloramphenicol was comparable to that of 0.005% ESN. It was also found that P. acnes developed a strong resistance to chloramphenicol and showed no resistance to ESNs. Conclusions: This finding underlines the tremendous potential of ESNs as a future antibiotic raw material.

Prosocial behavior provides many positive benefits for children, especially in various aspects of development including academic success, decreased feelings of loneliness, and aggression. This study aims to investigate (1) whether there is an effect of game with rule on prosocial behavior, (2) knowing whether there is a difference between the prosocial behavior of boys and girls after participating in games with rules. This study used pre-experimental design. Data analysis for examining the effect of games with rules on prosocial behavior was done using nonparametric statistics with the Wilcoxon test. In contrast, the data analysis for examining the difference of prosocial behavior between boys and girls used the Mann Whitney test. The final result of the data analysis shows a difference in prosocial behavior after children participate in a games with rules. Furthermore, this study found no differences in prosocial behavior between boys and girls. The implications of the research results are discussed further in this article. Keywords: Early childhood skills, Play activities, Prosocial behavior, Game with rules.

Microplastic (MP) is one of the most dangerous contaminants due to its ecotoxicological impact on the aquatic environment, aquatic biota, and human health. Defined as particles less than 5 mm, these contaminants originates from either primary or secondary source. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the abundance, shape, color, size, and type of microplastic (MP) polymers. In the process, water samples were collected from 3 distinct points in the Batang Anai River, to obtain MP. Subsequently, analysis was conducted using a microscope and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results showed that the abundance of MP in the water samples ranged from 37-77 particles/L, and the most dominant shapes, colors, and sizes identified were fragments (49.44%), black (48%), and sizes >1,000 µm (33%), respectively. Characterization and interpretation of functional groups in the FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of cellulose polymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer, neoprene, and polyester. In conclusion, this report can be used as initial information to help control plastic waste pollution.

The aim of this research is to find out a picture of student independence and find out the stress coping strategies used by students in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is a qualitative approach. Data collection methods were carried out using in-depth interviews directly or using online media such as the Zoom application and by telephone. The participants in this research were 10 high school/vocational school students who had carried out online learning for at least 6 months and lived with their parents. Informed consent was provided via the google form link. The results of the research show that based on data analysis it is known that there are five themes on independence and five themes on stress coping strategies. Responsibility, initiative, independence, having good self-control and being able to make decisions are the themes that emerge in the picture of student independence. The five themes that emerged in the stress coping strategy were religious coping, ability to assess situations, self-confidence, adaptability and ability to relax.

The health and safety of school children in Indonesia in the consumption of snacks in the school environment is an important aspect that needs to be carefully guarded. Ensuring that children receive healthy, safe, and nutritious snacks requires rigorous legal tools. This article reviews the existing legal framework and enforcement measures needed to ensure the health and safety of schoolchildren during snack consumption. While there are already regulations governing snacks, law enforcement, and public awareness in this regard remain a challenge. The government needs to improve law enforcement efforts by conducting strong coordination, strict supervision of food manufacturers, and providing counseling to parents and students on the importance of choosing healthy snacks. With strong regulations and effective law enforcement, we can ensure that schoolchildren in Indonesia consume healthy and safe snacks and support their proper growth and development for a healthier and more competitive young generation for the betterment of the nation.

Education holds a significant role in the progress of a nation and its communities. Inclusive education is a concept that ensures schools can cater to the needs of all children, irrespective of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic, or other diverse conditions. Within the realm of learning, teachers assume the roles of facilitators and motivators, entrusting tasks and responsibilities to students themselves and promoting active engagement in learning. The research was undertaken to investigate the implementation of inclusive educational staff management at SD N 131/IV Jambi City, one of the schools championing inclusion in Jambi City. The findings of this educational institution research underscore a commitment to the principles of inclusive education. This commitment is evident through the provision of relevant training, the acknowledgment of contributions, and the provision of compensation to educators. Moreover, the school's emphasis lies more on the abilities and competencies of teachers rather than their specific educational backgrounds. These practices reflect a positive approach toward fostering an inclusive learning environment that caters to the needs of all students.

Language and culture have an inextricable relationship. The present study aims to investigate the cultural representation embodied in the Senior High School English textbooks entitled “Bahasa Inggris” for grades 10 and 11. Moreover, this study also explores two English teachers’ perceptions of the cultural representations deployed in those textbooks. Implementing qualitative critical content analysis, the study investigated the cultural point in the textbooks based on Cortazzi and Jin’s (1999) cultural dimensions and Yuen’s (2011) cultural aspects as the frameworks. The results show that there is an imbalanced cultural representation between three dimensions which dominantly referred to source and target cultures. In terms of cultural aspects, Products are the most aspect that appeared followed by persons. Furthermore, the teachers reported that certain cultures should be dominantly represented in textbooks. Moreover, they assumed that practices and cultural aspects should be represented more in the textbook as a way to improve the student’s attitudes. The study inferred that the textbooks failed to promote balanced cultural depiction and lack in improving students’ intercultural awareness. This study might be useful for education stakeholders, particularly teachers to select adequate material sources; and textbook writers to re-design the ELT textbooks with various cultural diversity.

This study aims to explore the flourishing in elders. In this study, the authors carried out a mixed method, a quantitative method in the form of giving two questionnaires, namely independence and resilience which were analyzed descriptively from each variable, and qualitative methods by developing an in-depth interview based on Seligman’s concept of flourishing. The interview had open questions, which were given to eight santri as research subjects aged 55 to 76 years. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods, i.e., Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA) techniques. The results of the study showed that the elderly have fairly good flourishing achievements. They can do daily activities naturally formed from the results of habituation while in pesantren. They also have high independence and resilience as has been revealed in previous research which used quantitative methods that showed a high level of both variables. It can be concluded that the activities can increase the independence and resilience of the elderly who become santri and with habituation carried out can bring the elderly to achieve flourishing.

This study aims to examine the effect of altitude on the acceleration of gravity with the help of smartphone acoustic sensors. The altitude varies from the interval 100-1061 MASL (Mean Above Sea Level), located around the Special Region of Yogyakarta. An iron ball is dropped from a certain height, and the time it falls is observed using an acoustic sensor in Phypox, and the results are used to determine the acceleration value due to gravity (g) through the equation g = 2h/t2. Fitting data from measurements of the four altitude variations are shown in the polynomial equation y = 0.000003x2 – 0.0035x +10.718 m/s2 with a regression number R2 = 1,000. This equation shows that the acceleration value due to gravity will decrease quadratically with each increase in the altitude per meter above sea level.

Community Service This training on business prospects for ornamental plants and superior fruit nurseries was carried out in Cisaat village, Sukabumi-Subang sub-district, where some tourist villages have superior ornamental plants and superior fruit that can be cultivated. Utilization of fertile land can be increased so that it becomes a potential agro-business tourism to be developed and become a superior product. This community service also provides business analysis training. The competencies obtained in this community service are 1. Farmers can select and produce superior seeds, 2. Farmers are able to develop nurseries with various media, 3. Farmers can develop nurseries by utilizing agricultural land, 4. Farmers can analyze production costs and business prospects. The method implemented is in the form of training with people who own land but it is not used optimally, as well as ornamental and fruit plant farmers. With training on business prospects, development of superior ornamental and fruit plants. Provision of seeds so that further development can be carried out for farmers. The next hope is that farmers will be able to produce superior ornamental plants and fruit in tourist villages with BumDes.

Reclamation (revegetation) activities must be carried out upon the completion of mining. Limestone dust can affect the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. To increase the growth rate of non-wood product species such as coffee, biological fertilizers of mycorrhiza are introduced to the reclamation site. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of limestone dust covering former mines and different doses of mycorrhizal biological fertilizers on the growth of coffee seedlings. The research was conducted using the Randomized Complete Block Design method. Research areas were divided into groups/blocks consisting of soil without limestone dust, dust-covered 0-2.5 cm, and dust-covered 0-5 cm. The groups were treated with the addition of 10 g, 15 g and 20 g mycorrhizal biological fertilizers with five replications each. NPK inorganic fertilizer was given every one month to all treatments. The parameters observed from the growth of coffee seedlings were plant height, Stem diameter, and number of leaves. Based on the results, limestone dust influenced soil conditions such as silt, clay, pH, organic C, bulk density, and C/N ratio. In addition, limestone dust affected the plant height and number of leaves of coffee seedlings compared to those grown in an area without dust. Differences in the amount of mycorrhizal biologic fertilizers were significant (p

Crabs are a member of the mangrove ecosystem fauna and get their food source from litter. They turn the litter into detritus and maintain ecological balance. In addition, environmental conditions in the mangrove ecosystem also play an essential role in the abundance of brachyuran crabs. Influential environmental factors include temperature, salinity, water pH, and substrate type. This study aims to determine the effect of environment types on the presence of brachyuran crabs from families Ocypodidae and Sesarmidae in the mangrove ecosystem in Gemuruh River, Koto XI Tarusan District. The method used is a descriptive method, which is a direct observation approach to crabs and environmental conditions in the mangrove ecosystem area. Collection of crab samples and environmental condition data used a purposive sampling technique. The result shows six species distributed in the area, namely Uca bellator, U. rosea, Perisesarma eumolpe, Sarmatium germaini, P. plicatum, and Sesarma curoense. The distribution of species crabs in vegetation mangroves is Rhizophora stylosa, R. apiculata, R. mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Nypa fruticans. The environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, water pH) at each station were within the relatively good category for the growth of the Ocypodidae and Sesarmidae crab families. Based on the analysis results of the relationship between the abundance of brachyuran crabs and environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, water pH), it can be seen that there is no significant correlation between temperature, salinity, and water pH with the abundance of Ocypodidae and Sesarmidae brachyuran crabs families in the mangrove ecosystem of Gemuruh River. The factor with a dominant influence on the abundance of these crabs is the substrate type. Keywords: Abundance Koto XI Tarusan Mangrove Ocypodidae Sesarmidae

Munculnya permainan modern saat ini yang sangat menarik minat anak, seperti gadget dan fun game membuat anak terlihat asyik bermain didunia maya secara individual, sehingga tidak memiliki kesempatan bagi anak untuk bersosialisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menstimulasi perkembangan social anak melalui permainan tradisional daerah Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) yaitu Tenggoh-tenggohan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksprimen. Desain penelitian one group pretest-posttest design.Populasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 23 orang anak usia 6 – 7 tahun berdomisili di Desa Bumi Kawa Kecamatan Lengkiti Kabupaten OKU, Sumatera Selatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penilaian perkembangan social anak dengan observasi berdasarkan indicator kebutuhan belajar anak yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan social menurut Beaty (1995). Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji statistic T-test. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan perkembangan social anak sebelum dan setelah diberikan stimulasi permainan tenggoh-tenggohan. Disimpulkan bahwa permainan tenggoh-tengohan dapat menstimulasi perkembangan sosial anak. Penelitian ini berimplikasi pada penerapan permainan tradisional pada anak sekolah dalam mengembangkan kemampuan sosial anak.

Enuresis fungsional (mengompol) adalah gangguan pengeluaran urine yang involunter saat tidur siang/ malam pada anak usia lebih empat tahun tanpa adanya kelainan fisik maupun penyakit organik. Dampaknya adalah anak menjadi tidak percaya diri, malu serta hubungan social dengan teman terganggu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kesiapan toilet training dan stress anak dengan control enuresis. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional. Sampel adalah ibu yang memiliki anak berusia 4-6 tahun. Pengambilan sampel dengan random sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara langsung menggunakan ceklist . Uji statistik dengan Chi-Square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Didapatkan 22,7% tidak mampu mengontrol enuresis, 22,7 % belum siap melaksanakan toilet training, dan 28,8 % mengalami stress. Analisis statistic didapatkan nilai p=value 0,000. Artinya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kesiapan toilet training dan stress dengan control enuresis. Kemampuan anak mengontrol enuresis berhubungan dengan kesiapan toilet training dan stress anak .

The goal of this study was to ascertain how economic literacy and learning outcomes affected consumption. The research method employed quantitative surveys. The population of this study consisted of 686 students from SMAN 30 Jakarta, with 145 students from class XI IIS being the affordable population. Stratified Proportional Sampling Technique 101 respondents were counted by random sampling. The study used tests, questionnaires, and documentation as its sample methods. The data had a linear connection and was normally distributed, according to the analysis requirements test. The tolerance from economic literacy and economic learning result of the multicollinearity test is 0.538 0.01 based on the classical assumption test, and the VIF value is 1.85910. This study found that economic learning results and economic literacy had a significant detrimental impact on high school students' consumption behavior.

Language textbooks mainly guide language learning and teaching activities. Most of the language textbooks used to comprise a range of visual texts, such as pictures, illustrations, and photos. The study adopts the Visual Grammar Theory by Kress and Leeuwen (2006) to elucidate the pedagogical functions of visual images and explore how such images can be exploited for learning tasks from a micro multimodal perspective. The data consist of 142 visual images in Indonesian senior high school EFL textbook grades ten (X) and eleven (XI). The findings pointed out that the textbook uses visual images' full potential to fulfill pedagogical aims. Many visual images or texts in language textbooks serve information and illustrations rather than as a decorative function. Visual images may assist students to engage effectively in learning tasks by emphasizing the meaning of information presented in images and text. This study suggests that learning activities should consider multimodal texts to contribute significantly. This research aims to enhance knowledge about the pedagogical function of visual images in textbooks and can be a reference for further exploration.

The southern region of East Java is located on the Indo-Australian plate. The shifting of these plates allows for earthquakes that trigger tsunamis to occur. The earthquake leads to the impact of a tsunami in several areas, one of which is Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency. The main economic activity of the Puger Sub-District is the fishery; hence significant local coastal communities are vulnerable to tsunami threats. This study aims to map the tsunami risk using a Geographic Information System. The tsunami hazard map used the analysis of the tsunami inundation map from the BMKG. Vulnerability and capacity maps were prepared based on BNPB Chief Regulations. Vulnerability is evaluated based on social, physical, environmental, and economic data. Capacity considers components of the institution, early warning and risk analysis or evaluation, disaster awareness education, reduction of basic risk, and preparedness. The hazard, vulnerability, and capacity maps are classified into five classes. The tsunami risk map is then derived by overlaying the three input maps. Results showed that the villages with very high risk are Puger Kulon and Mojosari at the coastal front areas, covering an area of 13.01% of the total regional area of the Puger Sub-District.

Limestone processing produces dust covering the soil around the quarry site and may affect soil fertility. Post-mining activities in a forest area are mandatory to restore biodiversity, such as tree species of non-wood products. This study aimed to determine the impact of limestone dust on soil and measure the effectiveness of soil treatment for revegetation. This study employed a randomized block design with three soil groups, i.e. uncovered with limestone dust, covered with 2.5 cm limestone dust, and covered with 5 cm limestone dust. Each group had five replications and was treated with poultry manure (0 kg m-2, 5 kg m-2, 10 kg m-2, and 15 kg m-2) and 2 L of 1% (v/v) humic acid. The amendment of manure and humic acid increased the soil organic C, total N, C/N ratio, and exchangeable K but increased the soil available P content. The soil respiration and total bacteria increased along with the thinning of the limestone dust. Overall, the treatments significantly affected pH, C/N ratio, exchangeable K, and electrical conductivity. At the same time, the group significantly affected organic C, total N, C/N ratio, exchangeable K, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, total bacteria, and clay. Based on land suitability assessment guidelines, the soil required nutrient improvement and pH reduction to grow proper non-wood products tree species.

Background College students who are depressed as a direct or indirect effect of childhood trauma are at risk of suicide. Although for-giveness buffers mental health problems, there are inconsistencies in the results according to the object of forgiveness. This study aimed to examine the role of forgiveness, both as a mediator and as a moderator, for the association between childhood trauma and depression among university students. Participants and procedure The sample comprised 398 students from a university in Semarang, Indonesia (M = 18.60, SD = 0.60, male = 26.1%) ob-tained through cluster random sampling. Measurements used were the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) question-naire, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Forgiveness Scale which contained the dimensions of self, others, and situations. Results The path analysis and the investigation of CI result showed that forgiveness mediated the relationship between ACEs and depression. Forgiveness of self and situations were also mediating, but not forgiveness of others. On the other hand, the moderating effect only applied to the forgiveness of others, the effect of which increased positively when the level was high. Conclusions The result of this study indicates how the addition of ACEs affects lower level of forgiveness, thus explaining the higher level of depression among college students. Only forgiveness of others among the dimensions of forgiveness is not deter-mined by the number of ACEs, but its increase determines the addition of depression level when there are more ACEs. The discussions highlight the mechanism of each dimension, contribution of collectivistic culture, different types of ACEs and limited incidence of ACEs among the general college student population.

This research is conducted to determine the process of how economic education shapes students’ learning creativity in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of AMOS 25 were employed as the method of research, while primary data was gathered through a survey using a questionnaire. The sample involved 120 students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The results show that (1) economic education significantly and positively affects digital economic literacy (2) economic education positively and significantly affects students' learning creativity (3) digital economic literacy positively and significantly affects students' learning creativity (4) digital economics literacy mediates positively and significantly the effect of economic education on students' learning creativity. Keywords: digital economic literacy, economic education, students' learning creativity, industrial revolution 4.0

Classroom interaction is identified to engage students in responding and interacting with teachers and other students. However, one problem that usually interferes with teacher-student interaction is unpredictable students’ reactions in interpreting the teacher’s utterances. The present research investigated several reasons for students’ responses to teachers’ directive utterances. To reach the objective, a case study was applied. Three eighth-grade students in a Yogyakarta lower secondary school were selected to participate in this study. The data were collected through observation and interviews. Meanwhile, the data analysis was based on Miles’ interactive model. The results of this study show that internal and external variables affect the students’ responses during English classes. A lack of vocabulary and needing extra time to guess are the internal variables to understanding the teacher’s intention. Meanwhile, unfavorable classroom atmospheres resulting from noisy students, noisy next-door classes, and noisy vehicles outside are the external variables that disturb the students’ attention and understanding of the teacher’s directive utterances. The results of this research reveal significant implications for students’ attitudes, as they rarely develop their interaction due to internal and external factors. Thus, the condition requires the teacher’s role as an active language user.

The multilingual world demands educational stakeholders to adjust by embracing multilingual pedagogies. Translanguaging is deemed a prominent language practice to be implemented in educational settings, especially in the EFL class. However, the practice still obtains criticisms. Many scholars point out challenges in implementing classroom translanguaging. Therefore, studying attitudes, specifically students' attitudes, becomes significant at this point because it helps to reveal how students' feelings and thoughts of translanguaging practice are based on their learning experience. Further, their attitudes can be considered in the classroom decision making whether to translanguage or not to translanguage. The present study will generally continue what previous scholars have done but in a new context and methodology. This study investigated students' attitudes towards student- and teacher-directed translanguaging in Indonesian EFL classrooms. The participants were 40 grade VIII students from two EFL classes of a private boarding school located in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The data was collected using online questionnaires consisting of close-ended and mainly open-ended questions. The result showed that most students expressed negative feelings toward students-directed translanguaging. Meanwhile, teacher-directed translanguaging was more acceptable indicated by most students who had positive feelings towards their teachers' translanguaging. Students' arguments and comments were also interesting to be noticed. These findings shed light on a multilingual pedagogical practice and further research, which we would like to discuss further within this article.

The advancement of development nowadays has brought many positive and negative things for everyone. The positive impact can bring progress both in information and communication technology. Whereas, the negativity can lead to setbacks in society. One of them is politeness culture and mutual respect among the society. Indonesia is popular with its culture of manners and politeness but recently this culture has begun to disappear. For example,in several cases, students are no longer considered their teacher as a role model at school. Therefore, this research was intended to embed students’ moral and character through a habituation method. This method was expected to build the students’ character better.

Discipline is one of the keys to success. Discipline is not only owned by students;but all jobs also must own discipline to show that the values of obedience and order are in accordance with the applicable norms and rules. Teachers also play an importand role to overcome the lack of discipline among students since students spend a lot of time at school with teachers, especially class teachers. This study aimed to determine how teachers embedded discipline to grade IV students through learning activities. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The resukts of this study indicated that teachers of SDN Karawaci Baru 6 were able to embed the discipline character to grade IV students and knew how to achieve subject characteristics through learning activities.

This research was motivated by learning activities whose implementation still used the lecture method. Many teachers were less creative in managing learning so that learning seems monotonous and only teacher-centered. In addition, students seemed to be passive during learning activities. Based on these problems, the objectives of this research were the plan, process, and result of PAIKEM learning at grade II SDN Seroja. The method in this research was qualitative research with a descriptive approach carried out at SDN Seroja. Data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation. The subjects of this research were chosen through purposive sampling, which were grade II students at SDN Seroja. Then, the data were analyzed through qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this research revealed that the implementation of PAIKEM learning activities was good enough, capable, and gave good impacts.

Disiplin adalah salah satu kunci sukses. Disiplin tidak hanya dimiliki oleh siswa, tetapi semua pekerjaan harus disiplin untuk menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai ketaatan dan ketertiban sesuai dengan norma dan aturan yang berlaku. Guru juga berperan penting dalam memecahkan masalah kurangnya disiplin di kalangan siswa. Karena siswa banyak mengabiskan waktunya di sekolah dengan guru, terutama guru kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana guru menanamkan kedisiplinan pada siswa kelas IV melalui kegiatan pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara, obeservasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru SDN Karawaci Baru 6 dapat melakukan proses penanaman karakter disiplin pada siswa kelas IV dan mengetahui bagaimana cara mencapai karakteristik mata pelajaran melalui kegiatan pembelajaran.

The limitation of raw materials for doyo leaf fiber crafts is that the fiber produced is still stiff so it is mostly used for crafts in the form of decoration only. Researchers made a machine to produce doyo leaf fiber with a finer texture to help local craftsmen improve the quality of their products. This research aims to test the use of machines by local craftsmen to produce raw materials from doyo leaf fiber. This research uses a comparative description method between the process of producing raw materials from doyo leaf fiber using a machine and manually. This research found empirical evidence that doyo leaf fiber processed by machine produces products with softer quality than when processed manually. The strength of the fibers produced by the machine is the same as if processed manually. The results of this study are useful for improving the quality and diversity of products produced by local craftsmen using doyo fiber as raw material. While doyo leaf fiber has been mostly used to make decorations, processing it using a machine produces fine fiber so it can be used for fashion products.

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut producers, which in turn produces a lot of waste, especially coconut coir waste which can cause flooding if carelessly dumped in the river or carried by flood currents. Coconut coir waste that is no longer used can be reprocessed into a variety of finished and semi-finished products that have a high selling value. These products include coir fiber (Cocofibre), coir powder (Cocopeat), solid coir powder (Cocopeatbrick) cocomesh, cocopot, cocosheet, coco fiber board (CFB) and cococoir. This research aims to plan and design a machine that can process cocofiber into raw materials for its derivative products like making handicrafts such as doormats, etc. In planning and designing this machine, solidwork software and the calculation analysis method of the Sularso Machine Elements book guide were implemented. This machine is equipped with a sieve as an automatic separator between cocopeat and cocofibre in the form of a hexagonal cylinder. The machine produces cocopeat at 15 kg/hour and cocofiber at 5 kg/hour which is more time efficient and more effective compared to the traditional method or the existing similar machine. This study will be beneficial for small and middle-class industries.

Academic writing in higher education mainly focuses on writing for publication. The success of writing for publication depends on the learners’ ability to access, understand the relevant references, evaluate, and synthesise the ideas, opinions, and sentences to make their academic pattern. Viewed from prior studies, it seems that many EFL learners have faced various problems in writing their academic papers, specifically writing for publication. To respond to this issue, this narrative inquiry aims to investigate (1) how learners acquire their knowledge in writing for publication, (2) the difficulties they face in writing for publication, and (3) how they face those difficulties. This present study intended to dig up the experiences of two graduate students of English Education major in writing for publication. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Then, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study shows that the participants acquired knowledge and experiences from various sources that were useful for writing their academic papers. Surprisingly, the various difficulties they faced motivated them to learn more and improve their writing skills for publication. Pedagogical and future research implications are further discussed.

In a couple of years, massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) previous works reported various informal digital learning of English (IDLE) activities within and around video games that could enhance student-gamer vocabulary outcomes; receptive and productive language skills; and language socialization. The lack of multidisciplinary literature reviews between IDLE and language policy (LP) gives this study to open discussion on both areas. The urgency of this study is the high adoption of IDLE framework without considering LP where the reason for student’s engagement from MMORPG activities can be explained. This study aims to portray IDLE practitioner's activities in MMORPG from language management, beliefs, and practices. Following the long-term process, the data were generated from auto-ethnography and photo-elicitation that were taken from in-game and out-of-game activities. This article found three major findings. First, the management of MMORPG provoked gamers to communicate as a part of the game mission, and the guild could potentially develop top-down and bottom-up LP. Second, the value of language in the community played role in the decision-making language use from the negotiation process. Third, English and Mandarin dominated language practices from different interlocutors in various forms such as language in MMORPG’s context, code mixing, and abbreviation from multilingual sides giving various reading texts in contexts. The high status of English is still dominated by out-of-game language practices. There are two major implications in theory and praxis that would be discussed in this study. Keywords: Auto-ethnography, IDLE, language policy, MMORPG, and multilingual environment

The purpose of this study was to ascertain parents' perceptions of their roles in mapping students' English learning achievement and identifying their involvements and strategies for involvement in students' English learning achievement amid the Covid-19 pandemic at a private junior high school in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. The study is qualitative in nature and employs a case study design. The questionnaire and interview were made public in this study. Additionally, a descriptive model was utilized to examine the data. The findings suggested that parents agreed on their roles and responsibilities in mapping their children's English learning achievement. Certain parents considered their duties and involvement were critical, even more so during the Covid-19 epidemic, during which children spent most of their time at home. Parents believed that supporting, motivating, and directing their children's roles might aid the school and their children's English learning. Additionally, English teachers are expected to act like parents, monitoring, guiding, and acknowledging their students' assignments. Additionally, parents actively participated in school activities like teacher-parent online sessions to interact and discuss their children's academic success during the Covid-19 pandemic.

In doing sewing work, a tailor will arrange the work-place and the table into the most comfortable position which is sometimes a bit low and will cause the back to bend slightly and automatically the shoulders will be lifted to feel comfortable in sewing activities. A sedentary and monotonous position will burden the neck, shoulders, arms so that fatigue / discomfort / pain in the neck and upper-back area often occurs. Neck pain is pain is felt at the top of the spine. This is a sign that the joints, muscles or other parts of the neck are injured, strained or not functioning as they should. Neck pain is also a common problem. Two out of three people will experience it in their lifetime. To determine the difference between Mc Kenzie Exercise and Neck Stabilization Exercise Interventions on reducing neck pain in tailors at Bangko Lereng Market who came to Suparno's Independent Physiotherapy Practice. This research design uses a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test two group design using a purposive sampling technique. The population in this study were 25 employees and the samples were taken from 20 employees, who tailor garments at the Lereng market with neck pain. there is an impact of Mc Kenzie Exercise on reducing neck pain. There is an impact of Neck Stabilization Exercise on reducing neck pain there is no difference between Mc Kenzie Exercise intervention and the provision of Neck Stabilization Exercise in reducing neck pain. there is an effect of giving Mc Kenzie Exercise and Neck Stabilization Exercise interventions in reducing neck pain, but there is no difference in the intervention between those two. It is hoped that the sample can perform the movements that have been taught by the researcher independently in order to reduce neck pain

This study aims to determine the effect of teacher teaching creativity and student creativity quotient on economic learning outcomes in class X state senior high schools in East Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The population of this study was 11163 students of class X high school in East Jakarta, the sample selection technique used multistage random sampling, and a sample of 208 students was selected. The data collection for the teacher's teaching creativity and the creativity quotient used a questionnaire, while the learning outcomes used secondary data. This study used Path analysis. Results showed that teachers' teaching creativity significant influence on student learning outcomes, the creativity quotient insignificant influence on student learning outcomes, teacher teaching creativity significant influence on creativity quotient, and teachers' teaching creativity, mediated by creativity quotient, insignificant effect on student learning outcomes. The finding of this study implies that the teacher's teaching creativity can increase the creativity quotient of students and students' learning outcomes of economics.

PKM2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic process and is involved in regulating tumor proliferation. Several amino acids (AAs) such as Asn, Asp, Val, and Cys have been shown to bind to the AA binding pocket of PKM2 and modulate its oligomeric state, substrate binding affinity, and activity. Although previous studies have attributed that the main chain and side chain of bound AAs are responsible for initiating signal to regulate PKM2, the signal transduction pathway remains elusive. To identify the residues involved in signal transfer process, N70 and N75 located at two ends of a β strand connecting the active site and AA binding pocket were altered. Biochemical studies of these variants with various AA ligands (Asn, Asp, Val, and Cys), illustrate that N70 and N75, along with β1 connecting these residues are part of the signal transduction pathway between the AA binding pocket and the active site. The results demonstrate that mutation of N70 to D prevents the transfer of the inhibitory signal mediated by Val and Cys, whereas N75 to L alteration blocks the activating signal initiated by Asn and Asp. Taken together, this study confirms that N70 is one of the residues responsible for transmitting the inhibitory signal and N75 is involved in the activation signal flow.

Entrepreneurship has become one of the essential sectors for addressing unemployment issues among university graduates. Digitalization provides an opportunity for students to initiate digital business while in university. This research paper examines the association between digital entrepreneurship education and digital entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian students by considering the mediating roles of entrepreneurial intuition and social media usage. A self-administered survey of 270 universities students in Indonesia were involved to deal with the hypotheses of this research paper. The gathered data were further analyzed undergoing partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The study reveals that digital entrepreneurship education positively affects digital entrepreneurial intention and social media usage. Additionally, a significant correlation is found between social media, entrepreneurial intuition, and digital entrepreneurial intention among students. Subsequently, this research paper confirms the mediating role of social media in the relationship between digital entrepreneurship education and digital entrepreneurial intention, as well as the mediating role of entrepreneurial intuition in this relationship. Finally, the study concludes that social media can mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial intuition and digital entrepreneurial intention. The findings are expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions on the importance of digitalization and social media in stimulating digital entrepreneurial intention. This research highlights the need for entrepreneurship to involve digitalization for students’ entrepreneurial intention and behavior.

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic influenced education systems throughout the world, including in Indonesia. It makes the universities and schools go online for their teaching-learning process. Therefore, mobile learning can be an alternative solution to carry out the teaching and learning process as suggested by the government. The purpose of this study was to explore empirically mobile learning acceptances based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with satisfaction as the mediating variable. The population of this study is 250 Economics Education students at Universitas Negeri Semarang. The sample was taken by purposive sampling with the criteria of students who have used mobile learning in supporting their learning activities. Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS 24 was performed to analyze quantitative data. The results showed that from 6 hypotheses, there are 5 accepted hypotheses; they are; perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived interactivity have positive and significant effects on the intention to use mobile learning. The mediating variable (satisfaction) is successful to strengthen the influence between perceived ease of use and intention; and perceived usefulness and intention. However, satisfaction is rejected to mediate perceived interactivity and intention to use. Stakeholders should improve students’ satisfaction in their learning activities. The limitation of this study was the research results cannot be easely generalized in other contexts. In the future, other researchers can add other factors to examine better technology acceptance.

PT. Indospring is a manufacturing company that produces various springs for an automotive. Among those various springs, MSM 2230 type is the most produced spring at the company. The big problem in producing the spring was related with the high waste that had impact on the low productivity. The purpose of study was to analyze the waste by using the concept of lean manufacturing particularly to identify and eliminate nonvalue added activities. The study found that there were various wastes which waiting and excessive transportation were two dominant wastes with the contribution to total of wastes at 28.96% and 18.52% respectively. The appropriate tool for further analysis on wastes was selected by using value stream mapping analysis (VALSAT), and process activity mapping (PAM) was the best tool for analyzing wastes more profoundly. The use of PAM and other tools of fishbone diagram and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) provided important information for improvement. The implementation of improvement displayed potential increase of productivity level by reducing the processing time of the spring from 113,926.83 minutes to 75,960 minutes

Coral reefs condition in the protected marine area at Selat Bunga has decreased every year. The health of coral reefs is represented by coral index health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the coral reefs health index based on the condition of live coral cover, resilience level and condition of coral fish. Retrieval of coral reefs data using the Under Photo Transect Method and coral fish data collection using the Under Water Visual Census. The results of research at 9 research stations found that the average cover of live coral ranged from 1.40 - 44.68%, fleshy seaweed ranged from 0.13% - 12.87%, rubble ranged from 1.73 - 39.40%, and average total reef fish biomass ranged from 8.93 - 253.23 kg/ha. Coral reef health index values range between 3-6. Coral reefs health index of 67% of research stations is 3. The coral health index value 3 is indicated by a low percent live coral cover, a high resilience rate, and a low reef fish biomass. Kondisi terumbu karang di Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Selat Bunga Laut telah mengalami penurunan setiap tahun. Indeks kesehatan karang adalah nilai yang mengambarkan kesehatan karang antar lokasi penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis indeks kesehatan terumbu karang berdasarkan kondisi tutupan karang hidup, tingkat resiliensi dan kondisi ikan karang. Pengambilan data terumbu karang dengan metode Under Photo Transect dan pengambilan data ikan karang mengunakan Under Water Visual Census. Hasil penelitian di 9 stasiun penelitian didapatkan persen rata-rata tutupan karang hidup berkisar 1.40- 44.68 %, fleshy seaweed berkisar 0.13% - 12.87%, pecahan karang berkisar 1.73 –39.40 %, dan rata-rata total biomassa ikan karang berkisar 8.93 – 253.23 kg/ha. Nilai indeks kesehatan terumbu karang berkisar antara 3-6. Sebanyak 67% stasiun penelitian mempunyai indeks kesehatan terumbu karang dengan skala 3. Indeks kesehatan karang skala 3 ditunjukkan oleh persen tutupan karang hidup yang rendah, tingkat resiliensi yang tinggi dan biomassa ikan yang rendah.

The background of this research wasthe importance of theenvironmental care character built from an early agestarting in elementary school, and instilled in various ways; one of which was through mutual cooperation activities. The purpose of this study included two things: first, to determine the implementation of buildingthe environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur and second, to determine strategies to fosterthe environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur. This research was descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted at SDN Unyur, Serang, Banten. The results showed that the implementation of building environmental care character through mutual cooperation at SDN Unyur included environmental care activities in the classroom, environmental care activities outside the classroom, and annual environmental care activities. The strategy for fostering theenvironmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur was instilled by making teachers as role models, giving sanctions and appreciation to students, and providing facilities and infrastructure supporting the manifestation of the environment care character. The background of this research wasthe importance of theenvironmental care character built from an early agestarting in elementary school, and instilled in various ways; one of which was through mutual cooperation activities. The purpose of this study included two things: first, to determine the implementation of buildingthe environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur and second, to determine strategies to fosterthe environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur. This research was descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted at SDN Unyur, Serang, Banten. The results showed that the implementation of building environmental care character through mutual cooperation at SDN Unyur included environmental care activities in the classroom, environmental care activities outside the classroom, and annual environmental care activities. The strategy for fostering theenvironmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur was instilled by making teachers as role models, giving sanctions and appreciation to students, and providing facilities and infrastructure supporting the manifestation of the environment care character.

Agriculture has been an inherent part of human civilization for centuries. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between agricultural production and agricultural community income. The pattern of their relationship followed the dynamics of the Lotka-Volterra model. Two of the six critical phenomena that might occur: first, if the farmer's crop were abundant, the farmers' income would increase rapidly; second, if the farmers' yields decreased, the farmer's income would automatically decrease. Low and unstable farmer income could lead to poor productivity and low economic growth. Thus, monitoring and early warning were essential to effectively prevent possible negative impacts on agricultural product production, consumption, and changes in market prices. Sustainable agricultural systems included maintenance or enhancement of environmental natural resources, food supply, and social welfare. In brief, good agricultural management could maintain the balance of the ecosystem, contribute to the economy continuously, and increase agrarian communities' economic resilience. Keywords: agrarian community; ecosystem; harvest cycle; income; Lotka-Volterra

Public service is the role of the function of the state apparatus as a public servant, so that the position of the Government Apparatus in public services is very strategic because it determines the extent to which the government can provide the best possible service to the community and the extent to which the state carries out its role properly. The level of community satisfaction with public services at the Semarang City Population and Civil Registration Service is already good. This indicates that the community is satisfied with the performance that has been carried out by the government. In addition, every element of the Community Satisfaction Index assessment is all in the good category, although there are three elements that are of little value among others, namely service time, tariff, and product specifications for service types. The three types of public services are noted by the government to improve their performance in the future