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Objective: Polyherbal extracts (PHE) contain six traditional medicinal plants, and the efficacy of the medicinal plants used in the preparation of this PHE has been confirmed for the treatment of diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of PHE through a network pharmacology approach to reveal the protective mechanism of Alpha-Tocospiro A (ATA) present in PHE on DM with experimental validation. Methods: In this study, Lipinski's rule (Swiss ADME) and drug-likeness score (MolSoft's) web pages were used to confirm the drug-likeness of identified constituents in PHE. Swiss Target Prediction (STP) genes were found for ATA-related genes. The DisGeNet database was used to screen genes associated with DM. String created a network diagram of the interactions between the ATA and DM genes. Top-scoring genes from the string network through CytoNCA plugged into Cytoscape 3.8.2 were selected as hub genes. In addition, the ShinyGO database is used to predict GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Results: A total of 675 and 105 therapeutic genes (STP) were associated with all bioactive compounds and ATA in the PHE screen, respectively. Additionally, a maximum of 2,803 DM-related genes (DisGeNet) were observed. Further, in the analysis, 331, 57 potential (intersecting) genes were identified in the correlation between the target genes of all compounds and ATA, respectively, of PHE and the target genes of DM. The identified hub gene “TNF” for both ATA and PHE was found to be precisely strengthened in 49 pathways, along with 14 signaling pathways out of more than 100 enriched KEGG pathways. This study predicted that ATA activates PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways enriched with TNF by phosphorylating the insulin receptor (IR) β-subunit. The anti-diabetic activity of PHE was found to be good and primarily confirmed by in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Conclusion: The anti-diabetic activity of PHE was found to be effective and was confirmed by the enzyme inhibition activity in the primary study. This study predicted that ATA is a novel drug molecule in PHE that has a targeted mechanism of action and therapeutic effect on DM.

AbstractDevOps is a potential solution to time and quality restrictions in software development. It aims to increase the frequency, quality, and speed of software delivery using automated procedures. DevOps is a culture transformation, not just a toolchain. DevOps emphasizes cooperation, automation, measurement, information sharing, and web service utilization. It positively impacts IT development, online services, and quality assurance. Before commencing the DevOps journey, it is necessary to understand DevOps principles, practices, tools, benefits, and underlying issues. Such vital parameters are critically reviewed in this article. This systematic review addresses gaps and recommendations related to DevOps, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its culture and mindsets. The article presents an in-depth examination of DevOps, covering topics like architecture, components, tools, principles, and security challenges. It establishes a conceptual framework for practical implementation. Security has also been discussed in the paper, which is one of the difficult problems in DevOps implementations. The research findings aid in a better understanding of the phenomenon from a human factors perspective. The state-of-the-art discussion on several tools covering architectural and networking aspects in DevOps is included in this article to attract practitioners and researchers for DevOps adoption. Our analysis revealed three key themes related to DevOps culture and mindset: collaboration, continuous improvement, and automation. Moreover, DevOps is not immune to challenges. The proposed work presents the existing gaps and future research directions to address the same.

Abstract Vitamin D3 is a secosteroid, broad-spectrum immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory hormone produced either by the internal subcutaneous pathway in the presence of ultraviolet B (UVB) rays or by the external pathway in the form of supplements. Vitamin D3 deficiency is a common and reversible contributor to mortality and morbidity among critically ill patients, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other viral infections. The major functions of vitamin D3 are inhibiting the proinflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (ILs-6), interleukin-18 (ILs-18), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), preventing the loss of neural sensation in COVID-19, maintaining respiratory homeostasis, and acting as an antiviral, antimalarial, and antihypertensive agent. Vitamin D3 has an important role in reversing the COVID-19 infection in patients who have previously suffered from a neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, stroke, cardiovascular problems, headache, sleep-associated disorder, and others. Moreover, vitamin D3 plays a key role in regulating the gene expression of different pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition to the information provided above, the current review article provides the most recent information on Vitamin D against COVID-19 with comorbid neurological disorders. Furthermore, we present the most recent advancement and molecular mechanism of action of vitamin D3. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders are comorbid conditions, and vitamin D3 is a critical regulator of COVID-19 infection during these conditions. In the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic, factors such as sex, latitudes, nutrition, demography, pollution, and gut microbiota warrants for additional research on vitamin D supplements.

Background: The precision fit at the implant-abutment interface is a significant criterion for the success of implant restorations clinically. Various factors are involved in it, including fabrication techniques and utilized materials. The misfit at the implant-abutment interface is capable of causing screw loosening and fracture of the abutment screws. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the marginal fit of premachined and castable abutment at implant-abutment connection interface using stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: Fifteen castable abutments (Group A) and 15 premachined titanium abutments (Group B) were used for the study and connected to titanium implants and evaluated under the stereomicroscope. Images of the sample were recorded at three equidistant points at the implant-abutment interface to measure the vertical microgap at the platform level. The data were subjected to statistical evaluation using the “t”-test. Results: Data were sent for the statistical analysis by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version. The mean for Group A (customized abutments) at mesiobuccal point was 13.2199 with a standard error of 0.5281. For premachined abutments, it was 6.4629 and with a standard error of 0.3201. Similarly, the mean for Group A (customized abutments) at the distobuccal point was 12.0861 with a standard error of 0.3428. On comparative assessment, the mean microgap in between the groups showed significant difference (Tukey test). Conclusion: On implant-abutment interface at the platform level, the microgaps of premachined implant abutments were significantly lesser than the casted implant abutments. Furthermore, the microgap of both tested groups was found within the clinically acceptable ranges.

Introduction: A near-ideal preparation lays the foundation and is required for adequate retention and resistance for fixed partial dentures. It is advisable to achieve a near-ideal preparation for the longevity of the prosthesis. Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary left central incisors were mounted on the acrylic block. The samples were divided into groups with ten specimens: Group A-Free hand, Group B-Index, and Group C-Depth gauge. Group A was prepared using the freehand method, Group B was prepared using the putty index, and Group C was prepared using depth gauge bur. An index was prepared before and placed back on the tooth after preparation, and the gap was filled with low-viscosity elastomer. The thickness of the impression was measured at five different points under the microscope. The statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance and Student's t-tests. Results : The preparations (dimensions) achieved by the freehand method were 2.02 mm, 1.70 mm, 1.11 mm, 0.90 mm, and 0.60 mm respectively at five predetermined points. Similarly, for putty index these were 1.76 mm, 1.21 mm, 0.95 mm, 1.32 mm, 0.71 mm respectively at five predetermined points. Likewise, with depth gauge bur it were 1.88 mm, 1.35 mm, 0.77 mm, 1.09 mm, 0.73 mm, respectively, at five predetermined points. There was a significant difference between the Groups (P < 0.001). Intergroup comparisons between Group A, Group B and Group C showed a significant difference. Group A showed near-ideal preparation in the palatal cervical region compared to Group B and Group C. Conclusion: The freehand technique was the least effective of the three techniques. The use of depth gauge bur had yielded the preparation near the ideal and should be considered during tooth preparation.

Abstract The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the hub genes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through an in silico approach. In the current context of the increased incidence of liver cancers, this approach could be a useful prognostic biomarker and HCC prevention target. This study aimed to examine hub genes for immune cell infiltration and their good prognostic characteristics for HCC research. Human genes selected from databases (Gene Cards and DisGeNET) were used to identify the HCC markers. Further, classification of the hub genes from communicating genes was performed using data derived from the targets' protein–protein interaction (PPI) platform. The expression as well as survival studies of all these selected genes were validated by utilizing databases such as GEPIA2, HPA, and immune cell infiltration. Based on the studies, five hub genes (TP53, ESR1, AKT1, CASP3, and JUN) were identified, which have been linked to HCC. They may be an important prognostic biomarker and preventative target of HCC. In silico analysis revealed that out of five hub genes, the TP53 and ESR1 hub genes potentially act as key targets for HCC prevention and treatment.

Prefabricated attachments are routinely preferred as they are more precise, but sometimes, due to cost factor and unavailability of the exact size of the attachment required, it is difficult to use. This article describes a case report, which highlights the technique of the fabrication of semi-precision attachment using a pen refill and sprue wax for long-span fixed partial denture in a very cheap cost and with good fit and accuracy.

Abstract The present study has been carried out with the seed extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Parijat) and evaluates its antioxidant potential and profiling the phytochemical constituents by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant potential of the seed extracts was measured by four different in vitro assay like 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation inhibition potential (LPIP) assay. The total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated. The ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of seeds showed potential DPPH free radical scavenging activity (EC50 129.49±3.55µg/ml), superoxide anion radical (EC50 969.94±8.03µg/ml) and LPIP (EC50 452.43±5.07 µg/ml) activities. The total phenol content was maximum in aqueous extract (AQE) which was 201.00±0.20 µg/mg gallic acid equivalent. The EAE was rich with total flavonoid and it was found to be 34.50±0.40 µg/mg rutin equivalent. The EAE was subjected for phytochemical-profiling using GC-MS system. The presence of different phytoconstituents supports the medicinal value of the seeds. The results suggest that EAE constitutes a promising new source of novel compounds. Further, it can be used for isolation and purification of specific compounds which have good antioxidant activities and possess useful biological activities.

Dental implants have become a remarkable face of modern dentistry and are considered to be one of the several treatment options that can be used to replace missing teeth, which is considered to be an advanced procedure for oral health. The biologic basis of hard- and soft-tissue interfaces between the implant and the surrounding tissues and their clinical relevance plays a major role in the success of implant. Further, it is very crucial to explore the best suited approach for implant treatment planning. Numerous surgical protocols are required to cover the standard sets of steps for placing implant in complex as well as noncomplex situations for implant-supported dental prosthetics. However, dental implants may fail as a result of mechanical complications, such as screw loosening or due to biological causes such as periimplant diseases. As a result, dental personnel should be able to recognize these complications and the factors that have negative effects on the success of such implant-supported restorations or prostheses. Therefore, it is required to have an appropriate knowledge of dental implants for every dental student, hygienist, and dentist. Maintenance of implant-supported restorations and prostheses requires long-term follow-ups, so it is the responsibility of the patient to maintain good oral hygiene.

Aim: Accurate fit of the abutment to the implant is required for the uniform load distribution throughout the assembly. The study aims to compare the marginal misfit of titanium stock abutments with the cobalt-chromium (CoCr) customized abutments fabricated with the different manufacturing processes in internal hex implant-abutment connection using an appropriate scanning technique. Setting and Design: In vitro comparative study. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 abutments were included in the study. Ten titanium stock abutments were used as control (Group CN) and 30 CoCr abutments were fabricated and taken as the test group. Stock abutments were scanned and from obtained images test group abutments were fabricated as follows: Ten cast abutments (Group CA), 10 sintered abutments (Group SA), and 10 milled abutments (Group MA). Endosseous implanst having internal hex connections were matched with 10 stock abutments and 30 customized CoCr abutments. Implants were mounted in a clear epoxy resin block and the abutments were then fitted onto the implants with a torque of 30Ncm. The marginal discrepancy at implant-abutment connections was measured with confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test was done for statistical analysis. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in marginal misfit of abutments. The mean marginal misfit was lowest for stock abutments (0.35 ± 0.009 μm). Among the customized abutments, the mean marginal misfit was highest for cast abutments (2.44 ± 0.445 μm) followed by sintered abutments (1.67 ± 0.232 μm) and least for milled abutments (0.65 ± 0.041 μm). A significant difference was found in marginal misfit with cast abutments and sintered abutments when compared to stock abutments (P < 0.001). The difference in marginal misfit was insignificant between stock abutments and milled abutments (P = 0.052). Conclusion: Difference in marginal misfit exists between the titanium stock abutments and customized CoCr abutments. Among the customized abutments, milled CoCr abutments have the least marginal discrepancy and cast CoCr abutments have a maximum marginal discrepancy. Milled CoCr abutments can be used as an alternative to titanium stock abutments.

Introduction: Dental undergraduate students and postgraduates do learn conventional denture making as their curriculum but previous studies have found that the final-year undergraduate students lack the confidence which is required in treating completely edentulous patients. This pilot questionnaire survey was done to evaluate patient awareness about dental implants and satisfaction with conventional complete dentures fabricated by undergraduate and postgraduate students in the department of prosthodontics. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on thirty patients who received complete maxillary and mandibular denture. These 30 patients were divided into two groups, each group consisting of 15 patients on the basis if the denture was fabricated by a postgraduate or undergraduate student. After using the denture for a period of 3 months, the patients rated the functioning of the dentures using the questionnaire survey. The patient was also asked about the knowledge about the implant and their willingness to go for the implant treatment. Results: Patient satisfaction was significantly higher amongst the patients who received complete denture fabricated by postgraduate students as compared to undergraduate students, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for six of the seven questions. Most of the patients were not aware of the dental implants, and the cost of the implant is a major factor for not going for implant treatment. Conclusion: The pilot study showed that the patients who received complete denture delivered by the undergraduates were not satisfied with the fit, masticatory efficiency and encountered falling of denture while talking and eating. In contrast, the patients who received complete denture delivered by the postgraduate students were happy with the fit and masticatory efficiency. The present survey found that there is a lack of awareness about implants in patients, and the cost factor is a major hurdle in patients for not taking implants as a treatment option.

Abstract Background Piperine is a type of amide alkaloid that exhibits pleiotropic properties like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and enhancing bioavailability and fertility-related activities. Piperine has the ability to alter gastrointestinal disorders, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and bioavailability of several drugs. The present review explores the available clinical and preclinical data, nanoformulations, extraction process, structure–activity relationships, molecular docking, bioavailability enhancement of phytochemicals and drugs, and brain penetration properties of piperine in the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Main body Piperine provides therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from diabetes, obesity, arthritis, oral cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, inflammatory diseases, and rhinopharyngitis. The molecular basis for the pleiotropic activities of piperine is based on its ability to regulate multiple signaling molecules such as cell cycle proteins, anti-apoptotic proteins, P-glycoprotein, cytochrome P450 3A4, multidrug resistance protein 1, breast cancer resistance protein, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 proinflammatory cytokine, nuclear factor-κB, c-Fos, cAMP response element-binding protein, activation transcription factor-2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, Human G-quadruplex DNA, Cyclooxygenase-2, Nitric oxide synthases-2, MicroRNA, and coronaviruses. Piperine also regulates multiple signaling pathways such as Akt/mTOR/MMP-9, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase-activated NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome, voltage-gated K+ current, PKCα/ERK1/2, NF-κB/AP-1/MMP-9, Wnt/β-catenin, JNK/P38 MAPK, and gut microbiota. Short conclusion Based on the current evidence, piperine can be the potential molecule for treatment of disease, and its significance of this molecule in the clinic is discussed. Graphical abstract

SUMMARY Severe hypercalcemia is a medical emergency that requires immediate and aggressive management. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) often causes severe hypercalcemia. Volume resuscitation, parenteral salmon calcitonin, and administration of intravenous bisphosphonates are common measures used to stabilize patients. However, the use of these measures is inadequate in several patients and may even be contraindicated in individuals with renal insufficiency or severe systemic illness. This study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of denosumab in patients with severe hypercalcemia due to PHPT, when immediate surgery was not feasible. We present four patients with severe hypercalcemia due to PHPT. Immediate surgery was not feasible because the patients had severe systemic illness, such as seizures and altered sensorium (case 1); acute severe pancreatitis (cases 2 and 3); or coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia (case 4). Intravenous normal saline and parenteral salmon calcitonin were inadequate for controlling hypercalcemia. Intravenous bisphosphonates were avoided because of severe systemic illness in all cases and impaired renal function in three cases. Denosumab was administered to control hypercalcemia and allow the stabilization of patients for definitive surgical management. Following denosumab administration, serum calcium levels normalized, and general condition improved in all patients. Three patients underwent parathyroidectomy after two weeks and another patient after eight weeks. The use of denosumab for the management of severe hypercalcemia due to PHPT is efficacious and safe in patients when immediate surgical management is not feasible due to severe systemic illness.

Abstract Background and Aim Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in associated with higher prevalence and worse outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, data regarding the prevalence of clinically relevant liver fibrosis (CRLF) in Indian individuals with T2D are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of, and factors associated with, CRLF in Indians with T2D. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 601 consecutive adults with T2D. Steatosis was diagnosed using ultrasonography. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography of ≥8.0 kPa was taken as cutoff suggesting CRLF. Individuals with LSM > 13.0 kPa underwent dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of liver for detecting changes consistent with cirrhosis. Results The prevalence of steatosis was 84.2%. Higher body mass index (BMI, P = 0.022), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P = 0.001), and lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL; P = 0.002) were independent factors associated with steatosis. The prevalence of CRLF was 28.2%. Higher BMI (P = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; P 13.0 kPa. Among them, 25 individuals underwent dynamic MRI of liver, which revealed features consistent with cirrhosis in 18 patients. Conclusion CRLF, an established risk factor for cirrhosis and overall mortality, affects at least one out of four (25%) Indians with T2D. These results support screening of all patients with T2D and NAFLD for liver fibrosis.

This paper presents ocean wave energy control using the Aquila optimization (AO) technique. An oscillating water column (OWC)-type wave energy converter has been considered that is fitted with a Wells turbine and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). To achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the rotor speed of the DFIG must be controlled as per the MPPT law. The MPPT law is designed in such a way that the Wells turbine flow coefficient remains within the threshold limit. It avoids the turbine from stalling which generates the maximum power. The MPPT law provides the reference rotor speed which is followed by the actual rotor speed. For this, a backstepping controller (BSC)-based rotational speed control strategy has been designed using the Lyapunov stability theory. The BSC has unknown control parameters which should be selected such that tracking errors are minimum. Hence, the objective of this work is to find the unknown control parameters using an optimization approach. The optimization approach of selecting BSC control parameters for an OWC plant has not been explored yet. To achieve this, an integral square error (ISE)-type fitness function has been defined and minimized using the AO technique. The results achieved using the AO technique have been compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a genetic algorithm (GA), validating its superior performance. The rotor speed error maximum peak overshoot is least for AO-BSC as compared to PSO-BSC and GA-BSC. The fitness function value for AO comes out to be least among all the optimization methods applied. However, all tested methods provide satisfactory results in terms of turbine flow coefficient, rotor speed and output power. The approach paves the way for future research on ocean wave energy control.

Abstract Real time monitoring and control of a modern power system has achieved significant development since the incorporation of the phasor measurement unit (PMU). Due to the time-synchronized capabilities, PMU has increased the situational awareness (SA) in a wide area measurement system (WAMS). Operator SA depends on the data pertaining to the real-time health of the grid. This is measured by PMUs and is accessible for data analytics at the data monitoring station referred to as the phasor data concentrator (PDC). Availability of the communication system and communication delay are two of the decisive factors governing the operator SA. This paper presents a pragmatic metric to assess the operator SA and ensure optimal locations for the placement of PMUs, PDC, and the underlying communication infrastructure to increase the efficacy of operator SA. The uses of digital elevation model (DEM) data of the surface topography to determine the optimal locations for the placement of the PMU, and the microwave technology for communicating synchrophasor data is another important contribution carried out in this paper. The practical power grid system of Bihar in India is considered as a case study, and extensive simulation results and analysis are presented for validating the proposed methodology.

Premna integrifolia L. (Lamiaceae) is widely used in herbal formulation “Dashmoolarishta” which is useful in postnatal care. Ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaves was evaluated for phenolic content and its antioxidant activity. Acute and subacute toxicity of the extract was studied in mice of both sexes to get an idea about LD50 value and assessed its safety profile before its application as a protective agent against different toxicities induced by xenobiotics. Phenol enriched extract (phenol content is 63.10 ± 1.26 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent and flavonoid content 75.33 ± 0.23 mg/g of rutin equivalent) showed good antioxidant activity. In acute toxicity studies it was observed that single different doses (300−5000 mg/kg b.wt.) of extract did not show any mortality of mice. Thus the LD50 of the extract was determined, and it was higher than 5000 mg/kg. There was no major change in behavioral and general appearance of mice. External morphology of liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and heart did not show any effect of treatment. In subacute toxicity no statistically significant change in body weight, relative organ weight, food intake and water uptake, hematological, biochemical parameters were reported after comparison with control. Extract did not show significant effect in the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice of treated groups. No histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, extract did not show any sign of toxic effects, when administered orally to male and female mice at dose level up to 1000 mg/kg. So, it can be utilized as protective agent against toxicity produced by different xenobiotics.

Background & objectives: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major public health problem in many states of India. Uttar Pradesh state contributes 75% of the total cases reported. A longitudinal study was undertaken to find out the seasonal abundance, infection in the JE vectors in Gorakhpur region of Uttar Pradesh, and intervention strategies like indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets were adopted. Methods: The vector abundance was monitored from July 2013 to August 2016 at fortnightly intervals and identified using standard mosquito identification keys and screened for viral infection. Intervention measures like indoor residual spraying with lambda-cyhalothrin 10% WP at 25 mg/m2 in 58 gramasabha in Bhathat Block and long-lasting insecticidal nets were distributed @ 2 LLIN for each household with 5-6 members in 5 villages of Korabar block. Results: A total of 5,36,609 mosquitoes constituting 34 species and 10 genera were collected during this study period. Among the JE vector, peak abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was recorded just before the JE season from July to October in all the blocks. There was a marked reduction in the density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from July compared to baseline year 2014 in Bhathat Block where indoor residual spraying (IRS) was performed in June 2015. The vector density declined in 5 villages of Khorabar Block where long-lasting impregnated bed nets (LLINs) were distributed during July 2016. Interpretation & conclusion: The present study provided knowledge about the seasonal JE vector density and JE virus infection in mosquitoes during the monsoon season in Gorakhpur region of Uttar Pradesh. IRS and the personal protection measure like LLINs were distributed to interrupt the JE transmission in this area which gave encouraging results.

This study reports the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of two novel complexes, [Cd (Q) (Bpy) (CH3COO)2, complex 1] and [Cd (Q) (Phen) (CH3COO)2, complex 2], based on quercetin ligand. The method of synthesis was by reacting natural flavonoid quercetin (Q) with a good chelator (Bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine, Phen= 1,10-phenanthroline and Q = quercetin) and metal ions. The produced metal complexes were studied in the solid state by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and in solution by UV-Vis absorption. Further analysis included high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for confirmation. To understand the nature and coordination of quercetin and its metal complexes, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed. The scavenging (DPPH radical), antibacterial, MTT, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity assay, cytotoxicity assay (fluorescence study) were done and quercetin was used for comparison. Both complex 1 and complex 2 induced loss of cell viability via impairment of metabolic activity, leakage of intracellular proteins, and increased oxidative stress. The free-radical scavenging activity of complex 2 (IC50 340.175 µg/mL) was statistically significantly more potent than that of complex 1. The MIC values of complex 2 (7.80 µg/mL Escherichia coli, 15.62 µg/mL Staphylococcus aureus) were higher as compared to complex 1 and quercetin in both test microorganisms. There was inhibition of cell proliferation in Escherichia coli treated with 2 µg/mL of complex 2, whereas Staphylococcus aureus did not show inhibition at this concentration. The cytotoxicity screening on MG 63 cell line showed that the compounds were safe up to 500 mg/L.

Purpose: To evaluate safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of parathyroid adenoma in surgically unfit patients with hypercalcemia because of hyperparathyroidism. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of hospital records from Jan 2012 to Dec 2018 revealed 10 patients, who had undergone ablation for solitary parathyroid adenoma. All 10 patients suffered from hyperparathyroidism because of parathyroid adenoma, resulting in hypercalcemia. These patients were surgically unfit because of comorbidities. Pre-ablation serum calcium and serum parathormone levels were measured and compared with the levels after the ablation. Results: Mean serum calcium level decreased significantly from 2.81 ± 0.17 mmol/L pre-ablation to 2.42 ± 0.17 mmol/L 72 h after ablation and parathyroid hormone levels became normal in all patients within 7 days. Seven patients remained normo-calcaemic at 6 months follow-up with no signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. One patient with pancreatitis died after 15 days because of pre-existing multi-organ failure. Two patients were lost to follow-up before 6 months. Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation of parathyroid adenoma is a safe and effective alternate treatment method for symptomatic hypercalcemia in surgically unfit patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism because of parathyroid adenoma.

Purpose: This systematic review has been undertaken to highlight the unforgettable contributions of Prof. Brånemark Per-Ingvar (PI). It could be understood that reviewing his work would give an idea of growth of this treatment modality. Materials and Methods: An electronic search on the PubMed/Medline, Ebscohost, and Cochrane database was done using search term “Brånemark PI” to identify his publications. Articles published in English and only related to implants and osseointegration were included. Screening of the titles and abstracts were done according to inclusion criteria and suitable studies were included in the review. Results: The initial literature search resulted in 187 articles, out of which 92 articles were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria and 16 articles excluded due to non-availability of even abstract also. A total of 79 articles were finally included in this review. Conclusion: Brånemark PI had a great vision of future; who considered edentulism as equal to amputation and came up with the concept of osseointegrated implants to overcome them. The innovations of Brånemark had assured the world that it is very much possible to provide implant-supported prosthesis in any situations for the rehabilitation of the individuals.

Dentistry is an honorable profession, but the relationship between the patient and the dentist has changed drastically in the last 20 years. Anxiety has risen in the community and dental profession due to patients' increased tendency to file legal cases against dentists. Thus, awareness of ethics and medicolegal matters is essential for every dental practitioner. This review was conducted to find exact literature related to dental negligence, dentist awareness of negligence, dental consent, and the Consumer Protection Act. An attempt has also been made to inform dentists that they must follow certain protocols to avert lawsuits due to illegal and/or negligent dental practice. In December 2019, the PubMed, Medline, and EBSCOhost databases were electronically searched for published literature, and 648 articles were screened. A manual search was also conducted to retrieve articles of interest. Titles and abstracts related to the topic of interest and available in English were screened and included in the study. Patient consent must be obtained in written before any treatment procedure. Dentists must be aware of dental negligence, as well as the laws governing it, and should be insured under professional indemnity insurance (“defense costs”). In the event of legal proceedings, this provides protection and financial support for case settlement and other expenses.

Metamaterial absorbers are used in the terahertz frequency regime as photo-detectors, as sensing elements, in imaging applications, etc. Narrowband absorbers, on account of their ultra-slender bandwidth within the terahertz frequency spectrum, show a significant shift in the absorption peak when an extrinsic entity relative to the absorber, like refractive index or temperature of the encircling medium, is altered. This property paves the path for the narrowband absorbers to be used as potential sensors to detect any alterations in the encircling medium. In this paper, a novel design of a terahertz metamaterial (MTM) absorber is proposed, which can sense the variations in the refractive index (RI) of the surrounding medium. The effective permeability of the structure is negative, while its permittivity is positive; thus, it is a μ-negative metamaterial. The layout involves a swastika-shaped design made of gold on top of a dielectric gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The proposed absorber achieved a nearly perfect absorption of 99.65% at 2.905 terahertz (THz), resulting in a quality factor (Q-factor) of 145.25. The proposed design has a sensitivity of 2.12 THz/RIU over a range of varied refractive index from n = 1.00 to n = 1.05 with a step size of 0.005, thereby achieving a Figure of Merit (FoM) of 106. Furthermore, the sensor was found to have a polarization-insensitive characteristic. Considering its high sensitivity (S), the proposed sensor was further tested for gas sensing applications of harmful gases. As a case study, the sensor was used to detect chloroform. The proposed work can be the foundation for developing highly sensitive gas sensors.

In the present study, the catalytic degradation of selected toxic dyes (methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroaniline, and congo red) using biosynthesized green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Cestrum nocturnum L. was successfully performed. These AgNPs are efficiently synthesized when a reaction mixture containing 5 mL of aqueous extract (3%) and 100 mL of silver nitrate (1 mM) is exposed under sunlight for 5 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed based on the change in the color of the reaction mixture from pale yellow to dark brown, with maximum absorbance at 455 nm. Obtained NPs were characterized by different techniques, i.e., FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, HR-SEM, SAED, XRD, EDX, AFM, and DLS. Green synthesized AgNPs were nearly mono-dispersed, smooth, spherical, and crystalline in nature. The average size of the maximum number of AgNPs was 77.28 ± 2.801 nm. The reduction of dyes using a good reducing agent (NaBH4) was tested. A fast catalytic degradation of dyes took place within a short period of time when AgNPs were added in the reaction mixture in the presence of NaBH4. As a final recommendation, Cestrum nocturnum aqueous leaf extract-mediated AgNPs could be effectively implemented for environmental rehabilitation because of their exceptional performance. This can be utilized in the treatment of industrial wastewater through the breakdown of hazardous dyes.

The global initiative of decarbonization has led to the popularity of renewable energy sources, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) cells and energy storage systems. However, standalone battery-based energy storage systems are inefficient in terms of the shelf and cycle life, reliability, and overall performance, especially in instantaneous variations in solar irradiance and load. In order to overcome this, a combination of a supercapacitor and battery-based hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is considered as an emerging and viable solution. The present work proposes an optimally tuned tilt-integral (TI) controller to develop an efficient power management strategy (PMS) to enhance the overall system performance. The controller parameters are tuned by optimization of the time-domain design specifications using a gradient-free simplex search technique. The robustness of the proposed TI controller is demonstrated in comparison to PI and fractional-order PI (FOPI) controllers. Furthermore, extensive experimentation was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed approach for DC bus voltage stabilization and state-of-charge (SOC) management under varying operating conditions such as solar irradiance, load, temperature, and SOC consumption by battery.

The present study was to assess the toxicity of hydro alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica in Charles foster rats through an acute and sub-acute study. In the acute study, rats were treated orally with single dose and for sub-acute study different doses were given orally for 28 consecutive days. At the dose of 2000 mg/kg satellite group was also used for 6 weeks as per OECD guidelines-407. General behavioral parameters were assessed in acute toxicity and found no mortality or exterior signs of toxicity. While in the sub-acute study; biochemical, hematological and histopathology along with the body weight, food, and water consumptions parameters were screened in the animals after 14 & 28 days. The study reveals the insignificant (P

Background: Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious complication associated with metformin therapy in certain high-risk patients. NICE guidelines and the British National Formulary advise the discontinuation of metformin before surgery. The drug manufacturer's datasheet advises the withdrawal of metformin 48 h before surgery. However, the data regarding perioperative use of metformin is scarce. Aims: To evaluate the effect of continuation of metformin till night before surgery on lactate levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 1,800 consecutive patients who underwent CABG between 1st November 2015 and 31st October 2016 were enrolled. Following exclusion criteria, a total of 790 subjects were included for final analysis. Three-hundred and eight seven (48.9%) patients with diabetes received metformin till night before surgery (Met group), 239 (30.3%) patients with diabetes were non-metformin users (Non-Met group), and 164 (20.8%) patients were having no diabetes (Non-Diab group). Lactate levels and arterial pH were measured using arterial blood gas machine. Postoperative morbidity outcome data were obtained by collecting clinical data, routine biochemistry, and chest imaging. Results: The mean metformin dose was 1,124.6 mg/day (SD: 509.3; range: 500–2,500 mg/day). Mean postoperative lactate levels were 1.91 ± 0.7 in Met group, 2.04 ± 0.79 in Non-Met group, and 2.07 ± 0.78 in Non-Diab group. Lactic acidosis occurred in 41 patients and there was no difference among the groups [Met group = 18 (4.7%); Non-Met group = 14 (5.9%)]. Among secondary outcome measures, acute renal failure occurred more frequently in diabetic patients [Met group = 46 (11.9%) and Non-Met group = 32 (13.4%)] as compared with non-diabetic patients. There were no differences with regard to pneumonia, length of ICU stay, and duration of ventilatory support among the three groups. Conclusions: Continuation of metformin till night before surgery is not associated with significant changes in lactate levels in patients undergoing CABG.

Premna integrifolia L. is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, green silver nanoparticles were synthesized efficiently after mixing 1 mmol/L AgNO3 and 4% aqueous leaf extract at neutral pH (7.0) after 25 min sunlight exposure. The aqueous leaf extract was enriched with polyphenols. It had higher flavonoid (67.23 ± 1.23 µg/mg gallic acid equivalent) than phenolic content (58.10 ± 2.29 µg/mg rutin equivalent). The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic studies. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape and ranged from 9 to 35 nm in size. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed on the basis of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses. The presence of silver ions in the biosynthesized nanoparticles was demonstrated based on energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) data (3.5 keV). The functional groups involved in the nanoparticle synthesis were analysed using FT-IR. These silver nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against human pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative (Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) bacteria. The silver nanoparticles exhibited good in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity to human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa).

A centralized airflow control scheme for a complex ocean energy network (OEN) is proposed in this paper to reduce the output power variation (OPV). The OEN is an integrated network of multiple oscillating water columns (OWCs) that are located at different geographical sites connected to a common electrical grid. The complexity of the OWC-OEN increases manifolds due to the integration of several OWCs and design of controllers become very challenging task. So, the centralized airflow control scheme is designed in two stages. In control stage-1, a proportional-integral- (PI-) type controller is designed to provide a common reference command to control stage-2. In control stage-2, the antiwindup PID controllers are implemented for the airflow control of all the OWCs simultaneously. In order to tune the large number of control parameters of this complex system, a fitness function based on integral squared error (ISE) is minimized using the widely adopted particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Next, the simulation results were obtained with random wave profiles created using the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) irregular wave model. The OPV of the proposed OWC-OEN was reduced significantly as compared to the individual OWC. It was further observed that the OPV of the proposed scheme was lower than that achieved with uncontrolled and MPPT controlled OWC-OEN. The effect of communication delay on the OPV of the proposed OWC-OEN scheme was also investigated with the proposed controller, which was found to be robust for a delay up to 100 ms.

Achieving optimal aesthetics, function and phonetics with implant-supported restorations depends largely on the amount of bone present at the site where implant has to be placed. Sometimes, patient reports with compromised conditions which makes the implant placement difficult. Today, reconstruction procedures such as autogenous bone graft and guided bone regeneration make the implant placement possible in different ridge deficient cases. This case report describes step-by-step procedure of restoring the missing maxillary right central incisor with implant-supported prostheses. In missing left central incisor region, the alveolar bony defect was corrected by autogenous bone graft obtained from symphysis region, for restoration with implant prostheses.

Statement of Problem: Various osteotomy modalities seem to have an impact on the primary and secondary stability of the dental implant. The available literature lacks the comparison of various available osteotomy modalities used for the dental implant placement and its effects on the initial surgical bone removal. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the osteotomy sites created using standard drill, bone trephine, and alveolar expanders for dental implant surgery. Materials and Methods: The study was done on ten goat hemimandibles. Three osteotomy sites were prepared at the inferior border of the mandible using standard drill, trephine, and alveolar expander in each hemimandibles and the sites were subjected to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT images obtained were compared for the amount of cortical bone and bone marrow loss at osteotomy sites in different techniques. Results: The mean and standard deviation of loss of cortical bone with standard drills, trephines, and alveolar expanders was 3.62 ± 4.216 × 10−2, 3.6 ± 4.681 × 10−16 and 3.15 ± 7.071 × 10−2. At the middle-third region, the loss of marrow bone was 3.38 ± 7.88 × 10−2, 2.15 ± 8.498 × 10−2 and 0.03 ± 9.487 × 10−2, and at lower third region, it was 2.3 ± 4.714 × 10−2, 0.02 ± 6.325 × 10−2, and 0.0, respectively. Conclusion: CBCT images showed minimum bone loss with the use of alveolar expander which may be due to the lateral bone condensation rather the removal of the marrow. Trephine showed less marrow removal in comparison to the standard drill used for dental implant surgery.

BACKGROUND: Uncustomary medicine has been known since ancient period and is very commonly practiced by many individuals. Due to traditions and religious beliefs, these different unconventional practices were followed in the form of quackery. PURPOSE: This review is done to focus the quack practices done in dentistry affecting the oral health of the individuals and what measures to be taken to totally eradicate it from the society. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In April 2018, an electronic data search was done to find the published literature in PubMed, Medline, and EBSCOhost database. The search was focused on reports on quack practices in dentistry, reason behind such practices and their effects on oral health of the individuals. The titles and abstracts obtained in relation to focused questions were screened. Handsearching of other printed articles was also performed. The articles published in only English language were considered for the study. RESULTS: The initial search resulted in 102 papers. The abstracts of the articles related to the focus question were independently screened by the reviewers. Eighty-seven articles were excluded for not being related to topic or not in English or whose abstract is not available. Handsearching of literature resulted in one additional paper. A total of 16 articles were included in the review, of which five articles reported dental treatment of subjects poorly treated with quacks and one article is on patient's perception toward dental quacks. CONCLUSION: Quackery in dental field is growing fast in cities and villages and it is going to be a major challenge to populations due to unsterilized instruments being used. This gives unethical practices, giving invitation to certain major health hazards in the form of AIDS and hepatitis to individuals. It is the major responsibility of the government organizations and dental councils to interfere in the current scenario, so that quack practices in dental field can be eliminated from its roots, and to provide good oral treatment and education to the population who are in real need of it.

The habitual chewing of areca nut causes severe wear of incisal and occlusal surfaces of the tooth. However, in implant-supported occlusion, the effect of areca nut chewing is not documented in the literature. This study presents a case of areca nut chewing habit, which causes occlusal overload in the patient with implant-supported prosthesis. Areca nut chewing should be strictly avoided by implant patients, as it causes marginal bone loss due to overload and may lead to failure of prosthesis.

This paper presents an optimized algorithm for event-triggered control (ETC) of networked control systems (NCS). Initially, the traditional backstepping controller is designed for a generalized nonlinear plant in strict-feedback form that is subsequently extended to the ETC. In the NCS, the controller and the plant communicate with each other using a communication network. In order to minimize the bandwidth required, the number of samples to be sent over the communication channel should be reduced. This can be achieved using the non-uniform sampling of data. However, the implementation of non-uniform sampling without a proper event triggering rule might lead the closed-loop system towards instability. Therefore, an optimized event triggering algorithm has been designed such that the system states are always forced to remain in stable trajectory. Additionally, the effect of ETC on the stability of backstepping control has been analyzed using the Lyapunov stability theory. Two case studies on an inverted pendulum system and single-link robot system have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ETC in terms of system states, control effort and inter-event execution time.

Eradication of head and neck carcinoma with surgical resection usually leave behind the patient with a large tissue defect and to rehabilitate such patients to optimum function and esthetics is a challenging task for the maxillofacial prosthodontist. The patients undergoing partial or total maxillary resections have difficulty in mastication, swallowing, speech, and social interaction. This article presents a case report of a hemimaxillectomy patient treated with a two-piece hollow acrylic bulb obturator. This case report presents a modified impression technique with a specially designed sectional tray as the patient had reduced mouth opening. The prosthesis improves the hypernasality, mastication, and speech of the patient.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency resulted from the defect in soft palate due to acquired or congenital reasons, which cause incomplete closure of the palatopharyngeal sphincter. The individual with such defect faces problem in eating, speaking, breathing as well as faces psychological trauma in society. This article presents a case report of a patient with congenital velopharyngeal defect. A definitive cast partial prosthesis with a hollow acrylic bulb obturator was planned for the patient. This case report presents a modified impression technique for making definitive obturator along with cast partial denture for better retention and stabilization of the prosthesis. The prosthesis increases the acceptance as it prevents the hypernasality; improve mastication and speech of the patient.

Purpose: This in vitro study was done to compare the flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate resin reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and processed by conventional water bath technique and using microwave energy. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 acrylic resin specimens measuring 65 mm × 10 mm × 2.5 mm were fabricated, with conventional water bath groups and microwave group having ninety specimens each. Ninety specimens were divided into thirty specimens as control and subgroups containing 0.025% MWCNTs and 0.050% MWCNTs with thirty specimens each. The specimens were tested for flexural strength by three-point bending test on universal testing machine. The statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance, and the intercomparison between each group was done using Tukey's post hoc analysis. Results: The mean flexural strength of specimens cured by water bath technique was 95.563 MPa and microwave technique was 118.416 MPa. Control Group B possesses highly significant increase in flexural strength than Control Group A with P < 0.01. Unpaired Student's t-test showed that Subgroup B1 and Subgroup B2 possess highly significant increase in flexural strength than Subgroup A1and Subgroup A2. Conclusion: Heat polymerized denture base resin with and without reinforcement of MWCNTs and polymerized by microwave technique possess higher flexural strength than heat polymerized fiber reinforced denture resin polymerized by water bath technique. MWCNTs could be used as an effective reinforcement material for denture base resin polymerized by either water bath technique or microwave energy.

Purpose: Anodized implants with moderately rough surface were introduced around 2000. Whether these implants enhanced biologic effect to improve the environment for better osseointegration was unclear. The purpose of this article was to review the literature available on anodized surface in terms of their clinical success rate and bone response in patients till now. Materials and Methods: A broad electronic search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases was performed. A focus was made on peer-reviewed dental journals. Only articles related to anodized implants were included. Both animal and human studies were included. Results: The initial search of articles resulted in 581 articles on anodized implants. The initial screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 112 full-text papers; 40 animal studies, 16 studies on cell adhesion and bacterial adhesion onto anodized surfaced implants, and 47 human studies were included. Nine studies, which do not fulfill the inclusion criteria, were excluded. Conclusions: The long-term studies on anodized surface implants do favor the surface, but in most of the studies, anodized surface is compared with that of machined surface, but not with other surfaces commercially available. Anodized surface in terms of clinical success rate in cases of compromised bone and immediately extracted sockets has shown favorable success.

Background: If the impression thickness is uniform, stock trays can also give a better result when compared to custom trays. Purpose: This study aimed to obtain a uniform thickness impression with a modified putty-wash two-step technique. Materials and Methods: A chairside method of putty-wash two-step impression in a stock tray was made utilizing a wax spacer. Results: A uniform thickness impression was obtained in stock tray in quick time. Conclusion: The current article has given the options of using wax as spacer for making putty wash two step impressions for the fabrication of tooth-supported fixed restorations. Further research is required to find whether there is any dimensional inaccuracy caused in restorations due to usage of wax as a spacer.

In the anterior region, the common reason for tooth loss is due to traumatic injury or congenital anomaly. Loss of a single tooth may cause functional and esthetic deficits to the patient. There are different treatment options available for replacing a missing incisor. Implant dentistry should be considered as first treatment alternative for replace a missing tooth. This case report presents the replacement of a missing maxillary left central incisor in a compromised site with dental implants along with bone graft followed by frenectomy to obtain a good clinical result and for better function and esthetics of the patient.

ABSTRACT Tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a curable condition when the tumor is correctly located and completely removed. These tumors are, however, small and located in regions that make surgical removal difficult and sometimes risky in some patients. Experience of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the management of TIO is limited. We describe 3 patients with TIO who were treated in our hospital with RFA. They had suspected lesions in surgically difficult locations and were subjected to single sessions of RFA. The response was documented in terms of improvement in symptoms, normalization of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia, and disappearance of uptake on follow‐up Ga68 DOTANOC PET/CT imaging. All 3 patients had a clinical and biochemical profile consistent with TIO. The first patient (patient 1) had an intensely Ga68 DOTANOC avid lesion involving the roof of right acetabulum. The second patient (patient 2) had a Ga68 DOTANOC avid intramuscular lesion in left pectineus muscle and the third patient (patient 3) had a Ga68 DOTANOC avid expansile osteolytic lesion involving the angle and ramus of right mandible. All 3 patients achieved complete biochemical as well as clinical remission with single sessions of RFA. Six months after the procedure, Ga68 DOTANOC imaging revealed the absence of uptake at the previous sites, corroborating with the clinical improvement and normalization of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia. In conclusion, although surgical resection is the standard of care, RFA can be used successfully for treating patients with TIO. It can be an effective, less invasive, and safe modality of treatment in those patients where resection of the lesion is not possible because of inaccessible anatomical location or comorbidity that prohibits surgery. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

The load frequency control (LFC) and tie-line power are the key deciding factors to evaluate the performance of a multiarea power system. In this paper, the performance analysis of a two-area power system is presented. This analysis is based on two performance metrics: LFC and tie-line power. The power system consists of a thermal plant generation system and a hydro plant generation system. The performance is evaluated by designing a proportional plus integral (PI) controller. The hybrid gravitational search with firefly algorithm (hGFA) has been devised to achieve proper tuning of the controller parameter. The designed algorithm involves integral time absolute error (ITAE) as an objective function. For two-area hydrothermal power systems, the load frequency and tie-line power are correlated with the system generation capacity and the load. Any deviation in the generation and in the load capacity causes variations in the load frequencies, as well as in the tie-line power. Variations from the nominal value may hamper the operation of the power system with adverse consequences. Hence, performance of the hydrothermal power system is analyzed using the simulations based on the step load change. To elucidate the efficacy of the hGFA, the performance is compared with some of the well-known optimization techniques, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and the firefly algorithm (FA).

This teaching image highlights the CT abdominal imaging finding of 'crocodile jaw sign' which should raise concern about the presence of an incomplete annular pancreas which causes partial encasement of the duodenum.

Conservation of natural tooth is the main focus of the present era of dentistry, and endodontist and prosthodontist play a major role in conserving and restoring tooth function and esthetics. Restoring grossly destructed endodontically treated teeth is a challenge in restorative dentistry. Restoring such compromised teeth often requires additional support from the root canal with the help of post and core restoration. This case report describes a patient with grossly decayed central incisor and reduced interocclusal space treated with Richmond crown.

Introduction: Presence of gap at the implant-abutment interface, leads to microleakage and accumulation of bacteria which can affect the success of dental implants. Aim: To evaluate the sealing capability of different implant connections against microleakage. Materials and Methods: In January 2017 an electronic search of literature was performed, in Medline, EBSCO host and Pubmed data base. The search was focused on ability of different implant connections in preventing microleakage. The related titles and abstracts available in English were screened, and the articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for full text reading. Results: In this systematic review, literature search initially resulted in 78 articles among which 30 articles only fulfilled the criteria for inclusion and were finally included in the review. Almost all the studies showed that there was some amount of microleakage at abutment implant interface. Microleakage was very less in Morse taper implants in comparison to other implant connections. Majority of studies showed less microleakage in static loading conditions and microleakage increases in dynamic loading conditions. Conclusion: External hexagon implants failed completely to prevent microleakage in both static and dynamic loading conditions of implants. Morse taper implants were very promising in case of static loading and also showed less microleakage in dynamic loading conditions. Torque recommended by manufacturer should be followed strictly and zirconia abutments were more prone to microleakage than titanium abutments and should be avoided.

Introduction: The widespread use of cell phone in recent years has raised many questions whether their use is safe to operator who is exposed to Electromagnetic Waves (EMV). Aim: To find out the effect of cell phone emitted radiations on the orofacial structures. Materials and Methods: To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using Medline, Pubmed and EBSCO host database in December 2016. The search was focused on effect of cell phone on orofacial structures. Among the literature available in English, the screening of the related titles and abstracts was done, and only those articles were selected for full text reading that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: The initial literature search resulted in 360 articles out of which only 24 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Conclusion: Cell phone emitted radiations had their adverse effect on salivary glands and facial nerves. Studies showed that cell phone emitted radiations had effects on oral mucosal cells and causes changes in salivary flow rate. It was still unclear that cell phone radiations cause tumours of the salivary glands.

We developed a common feature pharmacophore model using known antiadipogenic compounds (CFPMA). We identified rohitukine, a reported chromone anticancer alkaloid as a potential hit through in silico mapping of the in-house natural product library on CFPMA. Studies were designed to assess the antiadipogenic potential of rohitukine. Rohitukine was isolated from Dysoxylum binacteriferum Hook. to ⬧95% purity. As predicted by CFPMA, rohitukine was indeed found to be an antiadipogenic molecule. Rohitukine inhibited lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation in a concentration- and exposure-time-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Rohitukine downregulated expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), FAS, and glucose transporter 4. It also suppressed mRNA expression of LPL, sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1c, FAS, and aP2, the downstream targets of PPARγ. Rohitukine arrests cells in S phase during mitotic clonal expansion. Rohitukine was bioavailable, and 25.7% of orally administered compound reached systemic circulation. We evaluated the effect of rohitukine on dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet in the hamster model. Rohitukine increased hepatic expression of liver X receptor α and decreased expression of SREBP-2 and associated targets. Rohitukine decreased hepatic and gonadal lipid accumulation and ameliorated dyslipidemia significantly. In summary, our strategy to identify a novel antiadipogenic molecule using CFPMA successfully resulted in identification of rohitukine, which confirmed antiadipogenic activity and also exhibited in vivo antidyslipidemic activity.

Context: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are unique antidiabetic agents that have the ability to lower blood glucose without causing hypoglycemia, while at the same time promoting weight loss. Information on the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RA in the Indian diabetic population is limited. Aims: (1) To evaluate the effect of GLP-1 RA, Liraglutide on glycemic control, and weight in obese Indian patients with type 2 diabetes. (2) To study the adverse event profile of Liraglutide in these patients in real-world clinical setting. Settings and Design: Observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Liraglutide was prescribed to 196 obese patients with type 2 diabetes who had poor glycemic control on oral medications ± insulin. The initial dose of Liraglutide was 0.6 mg, which was up-titrated to 1.2 mg after 1 week; further up-titration to 1.8 mg was done based on tolerance. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors were discontinued and dose of other medications adjusted according to clinical judgment during the study period. Results: Mean age of patients was 49.9 ± 9.6 years. Three month data were available for 175 patients out of a total of 196. At 3 months, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.6 ± 0.9% vs. 9.2 ± 1.9% at baseline (P = 0.007) and mean body weight was 96.0 ± 16.5 kg vs. 100.1 ± 17.5 kg at baseline (P < 0.001). Most common adverse events were nausea, burping, and eructation (10%). Conclusion: Liraglutide significantly improves glycemic control with low risk of hypoglycemia and is associated with significant weight loss in obese Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aggression can ensue due to exposure to an intimidating situation. Aggression is prominently seen when a disturbance occurs in the fine balance of neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and their receptor subtypes. The present study investigated the ability of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Capparis zeylanica root (EECZ) circumvent aggression. Foot shock induced aggression, isolation-induced aggression, resident-intruder aggression and water competition test were utilized as models for screening of antiaggressive activity. Extract was given orally at three different dose levels (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) once daily for three consecutive days, while Diazepam (2.5 mg/kg), was administered as positive control. EECZ significantly (p