27 results on '"Sungkaew, Sarawood"'
Search Results
2. Arundinella kerrii and Dimeria kerrii , Two New Endemic Species from Thailand (Poaceae, Panicoideae)
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Teerawatananon, Atchara, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Hodkinson, Trevor R, and BioStor
- Published
- 2011
3. Phylogenomic analyses reveal reticulate evolution between Neomicrocalamus and Temochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).
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Zhuo-Yu Cai, Zheng-Yang Niu, You-Yuan Zhang, Yi-Hua Tong, Tien Chinh Vu, Wei Lim Goh, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Teerawatananon, Atchara, and Nian-He Xia
- Subjects
GRASSES ,BAMBOO ,DNA analysis ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,GENETICS ,GENOMES - Abstract
Neomicrocalamus and Temochloa are closely related to bamboo genera. However, when considered with newly discovered and morphologically similar material from China and Vietnam, the phylogenetic relationship among these three groups was ambiguous in the analyses based on DNA regions. Here, as a means of investigating the relationships among the three bamboo groups and exploring potential sources of genomic conflicts, we present a phylogenomic examination based on the whole plastome, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and single-copy nuclear (SCN) gene datasets. Three different phylogenetic hypotheses were found. The inconsistency is attributed to the combination of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. The origin of newly discovered bamboos is from introgressive hybridization between Temochloa liliana (which contributed 80.7% of the genome) and Neomicrocalamus prainii (19.3%), indicating that the newly discovered bamboos are closer to T. liliana in genetics. The more similar morphology and closer distribution elevation also imply a closer relationship between Temochloa and newly discovered bamboos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Forest Restoration in an Abandoned Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in the Mae Klong Watershed, Western Thailand.
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Saikhammoon, Ritthikai, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Thinkampaeng, Sathid, Phumphuang, Wongsatorn, Kamyo, Torlarp, and Marod, Dokrak
- Subjects
- *
TROPICAL dry forests , *FOREST restoration , *VEGETATION monitoring , *FOREST density , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *REFORESTATION , *TREE planting - Abstract
Deforestation for the development of agricultural land is a critical driver of biodiversity loss. We examined the relationships between tree species and environments after the abandonment of a plot of land at the Mae Klong Watershed Research Station, Western Thailand. Vegetation monitoring was conducted every two years on a 16-ha permanent plot established in 2011 until 2019. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH)=1 cm were measured. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to investigate the relationships between tree species and environments. We found a total of 199 tree species in the plot, which comprised both pioneer and climax species. The high tree density and low basal area were 1,280 stem/ha and 7.30 m2/ha, respectively. During 2011-2019, the species richness and total tree density were decreased by nine species (from 206 to 197 species) and 83 stem/ha (from 1,120 to 1,037 stem/ha). In contrast, the total basal area increased from 6.41 to 7.26 stem/ha. According to the measured environmental variables, mixed deciduous species such as Pterocarpus macrocarpus and Xylia xylocarpa var. kerrii preferred higher elevations and drier sites compared to dry evergreen species such as Dipterocarpus alatus. Early colonizing species such as Trema orientalis and Ficus species exhibited rapid population decreases, whereas climax species such as Lagerstroemia tomentosa exhibited highly successful regeneration under natural conditions. Artificial reforestation efforts may be required in areas with large disturbance, including the planting of mixed tree species to promote natural regeneration and reduce the recovery period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Effects of Fire on Diversity and Aboveground Biomass of Understory Communities in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Western Thailand
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Phumsathan, Sangsan, primary, Daonurai, Kunanon, additional, Kraichak, Ekaphan, additional, Sungkaew, Sarawood, additional, Teerawatananon, Atchara, additional, and Pongpattananurak, Nantachai, additional
- Published
- 2022
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6. Lithocarpus eiadthongii Sinbumr., Rueangr. & Sungkaew 2022, sp. nov
- Author
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Sinbumroong, Aroon, Rueangruea, Sukid, Teerawatananon, Atchara, and Sungkaew, Sarawood
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Magnoliopsida ,Lithocarpus ,Fagales ,Biodiversity ,Lithocarpus eiadthongii ,Plantae ,Fagaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Lithocarpus eiadthongii Sinbumr., Rueangr. & Sungkaew, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) Diagnosis:��� Lithocarpus eiadthongii is superficially similar to L. melataiensis, L. pusillus and L. vuquangensis. In terms of leaf characters, it may look like L. vuquangensis, but it is, however, much different from the latter in terms of fruit characters (having cupule size of 4���7 mm high by 8���13 mm across; cupule surface with (5)6���9 lamellae; nut size of 0.8���1.5 cm across; nut basal scar of 4���8 mm across in L. eiadthongii vs cupule size of ca 14 mm high by ca 18 mm across; cupule surface with 4���5 lamellae; nut size of 2.1���2.4 cm across; nut basal scar of ca 11 mm across in L. vuquangensis). Whilst, in terms of fruit characters, it may look similar to L. melataiensis and L. pusillus, but L. eiadthongii differs from the latter two in having a stalked cupule of 3���6 mm long (vs sessile cupule in L. melataiensis vs sessile to stalked cupule of 2���3 mm long in L. pusillus. Moreover, in terms of leaf characters, L. eiadthongii is much different from the latter two in having a leaf acumen of 3���10 cm long and leaf undersurface with sparsely white to creamy-white waxy to glabrous (vs leaf acumen of 15���22 mm long and leaf undersurface with densely yellowish brown tomentose, sometimes with simple hairs in L. melataiensis vs leaf acumen of 10���30 mm long and leaf undersurface with densely greyish brown tomentose by adpressed, minute, stellate hairs in L. pusillus) (Table 1). Type:��� THAILAND. Ranong province: Mueang Ranong district, Ngao subdistrict, Namtok Ngao National Park, hillside, UTM 47P E459665 N1090233, elev. 214 m, 4 July 2020, Sinbumroong 04072020 (holotype: BKF!; isotypes: BKF!, Kasetsart University, Faculty of Forestry, Bangkok, Thailand!, Natural History Museum, Thailand!). Description:���Medium to large sized evergreen tree, 15���35 m tall, 20���85 cm in diam. at breast height; buttresses usually present, up to 2 m tall. Outer bark greyish brown or greenish grey, smooth and lenticellate, usually with superficial horizontal lines, becoming finely winding- and shallow-fissured to finely scaly. Inner bark easily detached from the sapwood, reddish brown to dark brown, surface of inner bark facing sapwood equipped with numerous longitudinal ridges resulting numerous longitudinal and slightly depressed purplish lines with 0.5���1.5 cm long on white to slightly creamy sapwood. Branchlets yellowish green in vivo and reddish brown to dark brown in sicco, grooved, sparsely covered with white wax and lenticels, becoming glabrous. Terminal buds tiny, ovoid, ca. 1 by 1 mm; scaly, scales ovate, spirally imbricate. Stipules not seen. Leaves simple, spirally arranged along twig, not crowded near the end of each flush; blades narrowly elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic, oblong-ovate to lanceolate-ovate, (linear-elliptic in sapling stage,) thin coriaceous, rigid, 6���12.5 by 1.5���3.5 cm; adaxially green, glabrous, dull to glossy, abaxially pale greyish to creamy green, sparsely covered with white to creamy-white wax to glabrous; base acute or cuneate to slightly attenuate, apex acute to bluntly acuminate, acumen 3���10 mm long; margin entire, sometimes slightly undulate; midrib thin, slightly raised on both surfaces; secondary veins (9���)11���13(14) pairs, thin, obscure to slightly distinct both sides, subparallel, at an angle of 50�����60��, slightly arcuating and faintly anastomosing near the margin; veinlets fine reticulated, irregular or areolate, obscure on both sides; petiole 6���10 mm long, 1.3���2 mm in diam., usually straight to slightly curved, adaxially furrowed, abaxially rounded, sparsely covered with white to creamy-white wax to glabrous. Inflorescences usually androgynous (terminal) and branched, occasionally female (subterminal) and unbranched, erect, 4���10 cm long, peduncle 1���2 mm in diam. (androgynous inflorescence) or 1.5���3 mm (female inflorescence), densely covered by creamy stellate and single hairs; bracts and bracteoles deltoid to ovate-acute, ca 0.1���0.4 mm. Male flowers solitary on the upper part of androgynous inflorescence; perianth 5���6-lobed, coriaceous, broadly ovate-acute to broadly ovate-rounded, 0.3���0.5 by 0.5���1.2 mm; stamens 10���12; filaments 0.8���1.1 mm long, anthers 0.2���0.3 mm long; pistillode globose, 0.5���0.8 mm in diam. Female flowers solitary on the lower part of androgynous inflorescence or in clusters of 2���7 on female inflorescence; perianth 5���6-lobed, coriaceous, broadly ovate-acute to broadly ovaterounded, 0.3���0.6 by 0.3���0.7 mm; staminodes 10���12, rudimentary; styles 3(4), conical, 0.2���0.4 mm long, erect to slightly recurved. Infructescence woody, as long as inflorescence. Ripe cupule solitary (that from female inflorescence not seen); 3���6 mm stalked, lamellate, usually set in 2���3 regular lines; deeply cup or obconical, 4���7 mm high, 8���13 mm across; densely and creamy tomentose with stellate and simple hairs, lamellate; wall woody, thin; rim thin, enclosing 1/6���1/5 part of the nut; lamellae distinct, rim entire or faintly denticulate, set in (5)6���9 regular lines. Nut obovoid or ovoid, 1.5���2.2 cm long by 0.8���1.5 cm across, greater part glabrous, only densely covered with appressed creamy stellate and single hairs upward, chocolate-brown, base slightly rotundate to rotundate-truncate, top sharply acute; scar concave, 4���8 mm in diam., 0.7���1.4 mm deep; wall bony, thin, 0.5���1 mm thick. Etymology:���The specific epithet eiadthongii is named in honour of a well-known Thai dendrologist, Associate Professor Wichan Eiadthong who specialized in many families of Thai flora including Fagaceae (Eiadthong, 1993). Vernacular:���Ko look eiad (Thai), meaning an oak tree with small fruit. Ecology and distribution:��� Currently, it is only known from peninsular Thailand; in Namtok Ngao National Park and Klong Naka Wildlife Sanctuary of Ranong province and Si Phang-nga National Park of Phangnga province. They grow in the co-dominant and intermediate layers of the evergreen forest canopy, particularly along the hillsides, between 60 m and 260 m elevation. Conservation status:��� Lithocarpus eiadthongii is, so far, known from only three populations, all of them occur in three neighboring protected areas. According to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019), this plant could be assigned to a category of Vulnerable (VU) D2 based on its limited area of occupancy and the low number or known populations. However, insufficient data exists regarding its distribution, so we provisionally propose the species conservation status as Data Deficient (DD). Additional specimens examined:��� Thailand. Ranong province, Suk Samran district, Naka subdistrict, Klong Naka Wildlife Sanctuary, hillside, UTM 47P E445772 N1045984, elev. 63 m, 12 May 2021, Sinbumroong 12052021- 3 (BKF!, KUFF!, THNHM!); Phangnga province, Khura Buri district, Bang Wan subdistrict, Si Phang-nga National Park, evergreen forest, 47P E438646 N992049, elev. 253 m, 3 June 2021, Sinbumroong 03062021 (BKF!, KUFF!, THNHM!)., Published as part of Sinbumroong, Aroon, Rueangruea, Sukid, Teerawatananon, Atchara & Sungkaew, Sarawood, 2022, Lithocarpus eiadthongii (Fagaceae), a new stone oak species from southern part of Thailand, pp. 73-78 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on pages 74-77, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6375259, {"references":["Eiadthong, W. (1993) The taxonomic study of the family Fagaceae in Haui Kha Kheng Wildlife Sanctuary. MSc. Thesis, Kasetsart University.","Julia, S. & Soepadmo, E. (1998) New species and new record of Lithocarpus Blume (Fagaceae) from Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 50: 125 - 150.","Soepadmo, E. (1970) Florae Malesianae Praecursores XLIX: Malesian species of Lithocarpus Bl. (Fagaceae). Reinwardtia 8 (1): 197 - 308. [https: // e-journal. biologi. lipi. go. id / index. php / reinwardtia / article / viewFile / 953 / 807]","Ngoc, N. V., Hung, N. V., Binh, H. T., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Hoang, T. S., Ha, T. V. & Yahara, T. (2018) Lithocarpus vuquangensis (Fagaceae), a new species fromVu Quang National Park, Vietnam. PhytoKeys 95: 15 - 25.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf]"]}
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- 2022
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7. Arundinella kokutensis (Poaceae, Arundinelleae), a new species from south-eastern Thailand
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Teerawatananon, Atchara, Sungkaew, Sarawood, and Hodkinson, Trevor R.
- Published
- 2009
8. Phuphanochloa, a New Bamboo Genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Thailand
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Sungkaew, Sarawood, Teerawatananon, Atchara, Parnell, John A. N., Stapleton, Chris M. A., and Hodkinson, Trevor R.
- Published
- 2008
9. On scientific requirements for presentation of 'new records': the case of Dendrobium ruckeri (Orchidaceae)
- Author
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Rujichaipimon, Wirata, Pedersen, Henrik Ærenlund, Phueakkhlai, Orporn, Suddee, Somran, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Traiperm, Paweena, Rujichaipimon, Wirata, Pedersen, Henrik Ærenlund, Phueakkhlai, Orporn, Suddee, Somran, Sungkaew, Sarawood, and Traiperm, Paweena
- Published
- 2019
10. A new species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Malaxideae) described from previously perplexing specimens of the Seidenfaden collection
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Phueakkhlai, Orporn, Suddee, Somran, Hodkinson, Trevor R., Sungkaew, Sarawood, Pedersen, Henrik Ærenlund, Phueakkhlai, Orporn, Suddee, Somran, Hodkinson, Trevor R., Sungkaew, Sarawood, and Pedersen, Henrik Ærenlund
- Published
- 2019
11. Starch nanocomposites reinforced with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils derived from bamboo holocellulose
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Pitiphatharaworachot, Sasiprapa, primary, Chitbanyong, Korawit, additional, Sungkaew, Sarawood, additional, Pisutpiched, Sawitree, additional, Khantayanuwong, Somwang, additional, and Puangsin, Buapan, additional
- Published
- 2019
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12. Dendrobium chrysocrepis (Orchidaceae), a new record for Thailand
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Phueakkhlai, Orporn, Suddee, Somran, Hodkinson, Trevor R., Pedersen, Henrik Æ., Srisom, Priwan, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Phueakkhlai, Orporn, Suddee, Somran, Hodkinson, Trevor R., Pedersen, Henrik Æ., Srisom, Priwan, and Sungkaew, Sarawood
- Abstract
In this paper we report the first confirmed find of Dendrobium chrysocrepis in Thailand. A morphological description, line drawing and colour plate are presented (all based on Thai material), and some background information on the globally rare species is provided.
- Published
- 2018
13. Genetic Structure and Population Demographic History of a Widespread Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig across the Indo-West Pacific Region
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Tomizawa, Yuki, primary, Tsuda, Yoshiaki, additional, Saleh, Mohd, additional, Wee, Alison, additional, Takayama, Koji, additional, Yamamoto, Takashi, additional, Yllano, Orlex, additional, Salmo III, Severino, additional, Sungkaew, Sarawood, additional, Adjie, Bayu, additional, Ardli, Erwin, additional, Suleiman, Monica, additional, Tung, Nguyen, additional, Soe, Khin, additional, Kandasamy, Kathiresan, additional, Asakawa, Takeshi, additional, Watano, Yasuyuki, additional, Baba, Shigeyuki, additional, and Kajita, Tadashi, additional
- Published
- 2017
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14. Survey of flood-tolerant bamboos in 2011 flooding in Thailand
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Sungkaew, Sarawood, primary and Teerawatananon, Atchara, additional
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- 2017
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15. Vicariance and oceanic barriers drive contemporary genetic structure of widespread mangrove species Sonneratia alba J. Sm in the Indo-West Pacific
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Wee, Alison K. S., Xian, Jessica Hui Teo, Chua, Jasher L., Takayama, Koji, Asakawa, Takeshi, Meenakshisundaram, Sankararamasubramanian Halasya, Onrizal,, Adjie, Bayu, Ardli, Erwin Riyanto, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Suleiman, Monica, Nguyen, Xuan Tung, Salmo, Severino Garengo, Yllano, Orlex Baylen, Saleh, Mohd Nazre Bin, Khin, Khin Soe, Tateishi, Yoichi, Watano, Yasuyuki, Tsuda, Yoshiaki, Kajita, Tadashi, Webb, Edward Layman, Wee, Alison K. S., Xian, Jessica Hui Teo, Chua, Jasher L., Takayama, Koji, Asakawa, Takeshi, Meenakshisundaram, Sankararamasubramanian Halasya, Onrizal,, Adjie, Bayu, Ardli, Erwin Riyanto, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Suleiman, Monica, Nguyen, Xuan Tung, Salmo, Severino Garengo, Yllano, Orlex Baylen, Saleh, Mohd Nazre Bin, Khin, Khin Soe, Tateishi, Yoichi, Watano, Yasuyuki, Tsuda, Yoshiaki, Kajita, Tadashi, and Webb, Edward Layman
- Abstract
Patterns of genetic structure are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and biogeography of a species. Here, we investigated the genetic patterns of one of the most widespread and abundant mangrove species in the Indo-West Pacific, Sonneratia alba J. Sm., in order to gain insights into the ecological and evolutionary drivers of genetic structure in mangroves. We employed 11 nuclear microsatellite loci and two chloroplast regions to genotyped 25 S. alba 483 2 of 21 populations. Our objectives were to (1) assess the level of genetic diversity and its geographic distribution; and (2) determine the genetic structure of the populations. Our results revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations. We detected a major genetic break between Indo-Malesia and Australasia, and further population subdivision within each oceanic region in these two major clusters. The phylogeographic patterns indicated a strong influence of vicariance, oceanic barriers and geographic distance on genetic structure. In addition, we found low genetic diversity and high genetic drift at range edge. This study advances the scope of mangrove biogeography by demonstrating a unique scenario whereby a widespread species has limited dispersal and high genetic divergence among populations. , , , , , , , , ,
- Published
- 2017
16. Genetic structure and population demographic history of a widespread mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig across the Indo-West Pacific region
- Author
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Tomizawa, Yuki, Tsuda, Yoshiaki, Saleh @ Japri, Mohd Nazre, Wee, Alison K. S., Takayama, Koji, Yamamoto, Takashi, Yllano, Orlex Baylen, Salmo III, Severino G., Sungkaew, Sarawood, Adjie, Bayu, Ardli, Erwin, Suleiman, Monica, Nguyen, Xuan Tung, Soe, Khin Khin, Kandasamy, Kathiresan, Asakawa, Takeshi, Watano, Yasuyuki, Baba, Shigeyuki, Kajita, Tadashi, Tomizawa, Yuki, Tsuda, Yoshiaki, Saleh @ Japri, Mohd Nazre, Wee, Alison K. S., Takayama, Koji, Yamamoto, Takashi, Yllano, Orlex Baylen, Salmo III, Severino G., Sungkaew, Sarawood, Adjie, Bayu, Ardli, Erwin, Suleiman, Monica, Nguyen, Xuan Tung, Soe, Khin Khin, Kandasamy, Kathiresan, Asakawa, Takeshi, Watano, Yasuyuki, Baba, Shigeyuki, and Kajita, Tadashi
- Abstract
Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig is one of the most widespread core component species of mangrove forests in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) region, and as such is suitable for examining how genetic structure is generated across spatiotemporal scales. We evaluated the genetic structure of this species using maternally inherited chloroplast (cp) and bi-parentally inherited nuclear DNA markers, with samples collected across the species range. Both cp and nuclear DNA showed generally similar patterns, revealing three genetic groups in the Indian Ocean, South China Sea (with Palau), and Oceania, respectively. The genetic diversity of the Oceania group was significantly lower, and the level of population differentiation within the Oceania group was significantly higher, than in the South China Sea group. These results revealed that in addition to the Malay Peninsula—a common land barrier for mangroves—there is a genetic barrier in an oceanic region of the West Pacific that prevents gene flow among populations. Moreover, demographic inference suggested that these patterns were generated in relation to sea level changes during the last glacial period and the emergence of Sahul Shelf which lied northwest of Australia. We propose that the three genetic groups should be considered independent conservation units, and that the Oceania group has a higher conservation priority.
- Published
- 2017
17. Effect of Forest fire on the regeneration of a bamboo species (Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro) at a mixed deciduous forest in Mae Klong Watershed Research Station, Thailand
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Kachina, Panida, primary, Kurokawa, Hiroko, additional, Oguro, Michio, additional, Nakashizuka, Tohru, additional, Tanaka, Hiroshi, additional, Thinkampheang, Satid, additional, Sungkaew, Sarawood, additional, Panuthai, Samroeng, additional, and Marod, Dokrak, additional
- Published
- 2017
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18. Dimeria Brown 1810
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Teerawatananon, Atchara, Boontia, Veeraya, Chantarasuwan, Bhanumas, Hodkinson, Trevor R., and Sungkaew, Sarawood
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Dimeria ,Poales ,Liliopsida ,Biodiversity ,Plantae ,Poaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Key to Thai species of Dimeria 1. Racemes solitary................................................................................................................................................................................2. - Racemes more than one.....................................................................................................................................................................4. 2. Spikelets 4.5–5 mm long. Rhachis 0.8–1.2 mm wide....................................................................................... D. kurumthotticalana - Spikelets 3–4 mm long. Rhachis 0.4–0.7 mm wide..........................................................................................................................3. 3. Upper glumes wingless........................................................................................................................................................... D. kurzii - Upper glumes winged......................................................................................................................................................... D. sinensis 4. Racemes with filiform rhachis............................................................................................................................................ D. velutina - Racemes with flattened or triangular rhachis....................................................................................................................................5. 5. Spikelets 1–3(–4.5) mm long; upper glumes wingless. Rhachis 0.2–0.4 mm wide.................................................... D. ornithopoda - Spikelets 4–6 mm long; upper glumes winged. Rhachis 0.6–1.2 mm wide......................................................................................6. 6. Upper glumes broadly winged. Wings rugose........................................................................................................................ D. kerrii - Upper glumes narrowly winged. Wings not rugose..........................................................................................................................7. 7. Rhachis 0.7–0.8 mm wide, rhachis internodes 1.5–2(–2.5) mm long. Upper glumes acute, narrowly winged all along the keel.............................................................................................................................................................................................. D. fuscescens - Rhachis 0.8 − 1.2 mm wide, rhachis internodes 0.8–1.5 mm long. Upper glumes acuminate to long acuminate and slightly recurved, narrowly winged in the upper one third of glume to the apex........................................................................... D. kurumthotticalana, Published as part of Teerawatananon, Atchara, Boontia, Veeraya, Chantarasuwan, Bhanumas, Hodkinson, Trevor R. & Sungkaew, Sarawood, 2014, A taxonomic revision of the genus Dimeria (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Thailand, pp. 137-147 in Phytotaxa 186 (3) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.186.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5147015
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- 2014
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19. Species Composition and Spatial Distribution of Dominant Trees in the Forest Ecotone of a Mountain Ecosystem, Northern Thailand.
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Marod, Dokrak, Hermhuk, Sutheera, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Thinkampheang, Sathid, Kamyo, Torlarp, and Nuipakdee, Wimonmart
- Subjects
MOUNTAIN ecology ,MOUNTAIN forests ,DECIDUOUS forests ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,SOIL texture ,ECOLOGICAL niche ,PLANT species diversity ,TREES - Abstract
Plants' ecological niches are important to study, particularly for applying the knowledge to restoration programs. This study clarified the relationships of tree species composition and spatial distribution to environmental factors in a mountain ecosystem. A 3 ha permanent plot was established across the forest ecotone at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The spatial distributions of the 20 dominant tree species were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) combined with geographic information system (GIS) techniques. High species diversity was found, including 165 species representing 118 genera and 59 families. Elevation strongly influenced tree distribution, which could be divided into three groups: low-altitude species in deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF), highaltitude species in lower montane forest (LMF) and coexisting DDF and LMF species. The GLM analysis revealed that soil texture, which ranged from sandy to clayey, influenced tree distribution. The results suggest that restoration programs should select suitable species based on their niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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20. Starch Nanocomposites Reinforced with TEMPOOxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils derived from Bamboo Holocellulose.
- Author
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Pitiphatharaworachot, Sasiprapa, Chitbanyong, Korawit, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Pisutpiched, Sawitree, Khantayanuwong, Somwang, and Puangsin, Buapan
- Subjects
STARCH ,NANOCOMPOSITE materials ,CELLULOSE ,BAMBOO ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy - Abstract
Bamboo holocellulose was oxidized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) in water at pH 10 with an addition of 7.5 mmol g
-1 of NaClO for 2 h. After oxidation, the weight recovery ratio of TEMPOoxidized bamboo holocellulose (TOBH) was 73% with a carboxylate content of 0.65 mmol g-1 . The water-insoluble TOBH was converted to an aqueous dispersion of bamboo TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOBCN) through mechanical defibrillation and centrifugation, with the nanofibrillation yield of around 90%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the widths of TOBCN were estimated to be between 3 and 4 nm and lengths of several micrometers. The TOBCN dispersions had high light-transparencies of 99% at a wavelength of 600 nm. These nanofibrils were used as reinforcing nanoparticles in thermoplastic starch (TPS) films. The TOBCN dispersions were added in dosages of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 wt%. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer. Nanocomposite films were prepared through a solution casting process. The TOBCN/TPS nanocomposite films exhibited high optical transparencies and their tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation around failure, and work to cause a fracture increased, compared to the TPS films without TOBCN. The presence of TOBCNs, at 1.5 wt%, improved moisture resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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21. Palaeotropical intercontinental disjunctions revisited using a dated phylogenetic hypothesis with nearly complete species level sampling of Ficus subsect. Urostigma (Moraceae)
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Chantarasuwan, Bhanumas, Rønsted, Nina, Kjellberg, Finn, Sungkaew, Sarawood, van Welzen, Peter C., Chantarasuwan, Bhanumas, Rønsted, Nina, Kjellberg, Finn, Sungkaew, Sarawood, and van Welzen, Peter C.
- Published
- 2016
22. Forest Dynamics and Tree Distribution Patterns in Dry Evergreen Forest, Northeastern, Thailand.
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Phumphuang, Wongsatorn, Marod, Dokrak, Sungkaew, Sarawood, and Thinkampaeng, Sathid
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TROPICAL dry forests ,FOREST dynamics ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Deforestation based on anthropogenic activities is the main cause of biological diversity loss. This study clarified forest dynamics after intermediate disturbances and detected the tree distribution pattern in a dry evergreen forest (DEF). A 1 hectare (ha) permanent plot was set up in a lowland DEF in 2002 and all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) larger than 4.5 cm were tagged, measured and identified. Tree monitoring was done in 2009 and 2016. In addition, the permanent plot was expanded to 3 ha, for studying the tree distribution pattern and all trees with DBH greater than 2 cm were included and their coordinates also recorded during 2016. The forest dynamics during 2002 to 2016 showed the net recruitment rate was higher than the mortality rate (2.58 and 2.35 %/year, respectively); however, it varied among periods. The mortality rate in the second period (2009-2016) was greater than in the first period (2002-2009), with rates of 4.71 and 2.64 %/year, respectively, due to disastrous flooding in 2003. A clumped distribution pattern based on the Morisita index was detected for all selected species, indicating habitat heterogeneity in which the physical environments were patched and induced the clumped distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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23. Genetic Structure and Population Demographic History of a Widespread Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig across the Indo-West Pacific Region.
- Author
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Yuki Tomizawa, Takeshi Asakawa, Yasuyuki Watano, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Adjie, Bayu, Ardli, Erwin, Suleiman, Monica, Nguyen Xuan Tung, Khin Khin Soe, Kandasamy, Kathiresan, Yoshiaki Tsuda, Mohd Nazre Saleh, Shigeyuki Baba, Wee, Alison K. S., Takashi Yamamoto, Tadashi Kajita, Koji Takayama, Baylen Yllano, Orlex, and Salmo III, Severino G.
- Subjects
MANGROVE plants ,PLANT population genetics ,SEED dispersal ,OCEAN currents - Abstract
Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig is one of the most widespread core component species of mangrove forests in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) region, and as such is suitable for examining how genetic structure is generated across spatiotemporal scales. We evaluated the genetic structure of this species using maternally inherited chloroplast (cp) and bi-parentally inherited nuclear DNA markers, with samples collected across the species range. Both cp and nuclear DNA showed generally similar patterns, revealing three genetic groups in the Indian Ocean, South China Sea (with Palau), and Oceania, respectively. The genetic diversity of the Oceania group was significantly lower, and the level of population differentiation within the Oceania group was significantly higher, than in the South China Sea group. These results revealed that in addition to the Malay Peninsula--a common land barrier for mangroves--there is a genetic barrier in an oceanic region of the West Pacific that prevents gene flow among populations. Moreover, demographic inference suggested that these patterns were generated in relation to sea level changes during the last glacial period and the emergence of Sahul Shelf which lied northwest of Australia. We propose that the three genetic groups should be considered independent conservation units, and that the Oceania group has a higher conservation priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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24. Oceanic currents, not land masses, maintain the genetic structure of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) in Southeast Asia
- Author
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Wee, Alison K. S., Takayama, Koji, Asakawa, Takeshi, Thompson, Bijoy, Onrizal, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Tung, Nguyen Xuan, Salleh@Japri, Mohd Nazre, Soe, Khin Khin, Tan, Hugh T. W., Watano, Yasuyuki, Baba, Shigeyuki, Kajita, Tadashi, Webb, Edward L., Wee, Alison K. S., Takayama, Koji, Asakawa, Takeshi, Thompson, Bijoy, Onrizal, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Tung, Nguyen Xuan, Salleh@Japri, Mohd Nazre, Soe, Khin Khin, Tan, Hugh T. W., Watano, Yasuyuki, Baba, Shigeyuki, Kajita, Tadashi, and Webb, Edward L.
- Abstract
Aim Mangroves are intertidal plants with sea-dispersed propagules, hence their population structure can offer valuable insights into the biogeographical processes driving population subdivision in coastal species. In this study, we used molecular markers and ocean circulation simulations to examine the effects of ocean currents and land masses on the genetic structure of the major mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata. Location Southeast Asia. Methods We assessed the genetic structure of 13 R. mucronata populations from continental Southeast Asia and Sumatra using 10 microsatellite loci. We first examined the relative effects of geographical distance and land mass (the Malay Peninsula) in shaping the genetic structure of R. mucronata in Southeast Asia. We then characterized the genetic structure of R. mucronata and compared it to the simulated ocean circulation patterns within our study region. Results Despite the low genetic diversity, significant genetic structuring was detected across R. mucronata populations. Contrary to observations on other mangrove species, genetic differentiation in R. mucronata was not found across the coasts of the Malay Peninsula, nor was it correlated with geographical distance. Instead, the most distinct genetic discontinuity was found at the boundary between the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait, and this can be explained by the prevailing ocean currents in this region. Main conclusions Our study presents novel evidence that the genetic structure of R. mucronata is maintained by ocean current-facilitated propagule dispersal.
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- 2014
25. Development of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Xylocarpus granatum (Meliaceae) using next-generation sequencing technology
- Author
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Tomizawa, Yuki, Shinmura, Yoshimi, Wee, Alison K. S., Takayama, Koji, Asakawa, Takeshi, Yllano, Orlex Baylen, Salmo III, Severino Garengo, Ardli, Erwin Riyanto, Tung, Nguyen Xuan, Malekal, Norhaslinda, Onrizal, Meenakshisundaram, Sankararamasubramanian Halasya, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Saleh @ Japri, Mohd Nazre, Adjie, Bayu, Soe, Khin Khin, Oguri, Emiko, Murakami, Noriaki, Watano, Yasuyuki, Baba, Shigeyuki, Webb, Edward L., Kajita, Tadashi, Tomizawa, Yuki, Shinmura, Yoshimi, Wee, Alison K. S., Takayama, Koji, Asakawa, Takeshi, Yllano, Orlex Baylen, Salmo III, Severino Garengo, Ardli, Erwin Riyanto, Tung, Nguyen Xuan, Malekal, Norhaslinda, Onrizal, Meenakshisundaram, Sankararamasubramanian Halasya, Sungkaew, Sarawood, Saleh @ Japri, Mohd Nazre, Adjie, Bayu, Soe, Khin Khin, Oguri, Emiko, Murakami, Noriaki, Watano, Yasuyuki, Baba, Shigeyuki, Webb, Edward L., and Kajita, Tadashi
- Abstract
Human impacts have seriously damaged mangroves, and conservation of mangroves will require information on local and regional population genetic structures. Here, we report the development and polymorphism of eleven novel microsatellite markers, developed using next-generation sequencing on 56 samples of widespread mangrove species Xylocarpus granatum (Meliaceae) from nine populations across the Indo-West Pacific region. All loci were found to be polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from four to 19. In a population from Sabah (Malaysia), the mean observed and expected heterozygosity per locus was 0.59 and 0.58, respectively. No null allele, significant linkage disequilibrium or deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected among all loci. The eleven markers developed can be valuable tools to conservation genetics of this species across its distributional range.
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- 2013
26. Arundinella kerriiandDimeria kerrii, Two New Endemic Species from Thailand (Poaceae, Panicoideae)
- Author
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Teerawatananon, Atchara, primary, Sungkaew, Sarawood, additional, and Hodkinson, Trevor R, additional
- Published
- 2011
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27. Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of partially sympatric species complex Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and R. stylosa Griff. using SSR markers.
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Wee AK, Takayama K, Chua JL, Asakawa T, Meenakshisundaram SH, Onrizal, Adjie B, Ardli ER, Sungkaew S, Malekal NB, Tung NX, Salmo SG 3rd, Yllano OB, Saleh MN, Soe KK, Tateishi Y, Watano Y, Baba S, Webb EL, and Kajita T
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- Asia, Southeastern, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, Microsatellite Repeats, Phylogeography, Sympatry, Rhizophoraceae classification, Rhizophoraceae genetics
- Abstract
Background: Mangrove forests are ecologically important but globally threatened intertidal plant communities. Effective mangrove conservation requires the determination of species identity, management units, and genetic structure. Here, we investigate the genetic distinctiveness and genetic structure of an iconic but yet taxonomically confusing species complex Rhizophora mucronata and R. stylosa across their distributional range, by employing a suite of 20 informative nuclear SSR markers., Results: Our results demonstrated the general genetic distinctiveness of R. mucronata and R. stylosa, and potential hybridization or introgression between them. We investigated the population genetics of each species without the putative hybrids, and found strong genetic structure between oceanic regions in both R. mucronata and R. stylosa. In R. mucronata, a strong divergence was detected between populations from the Indian Ocean region (Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea) and the Pacific Ocean region (Malacca Strait, South China Sea and Northwest Pacific Ocean). In R. stylosa, the genetic break was located more eastward, between populations from South and East China Sea and populations from the Southwest Pacific Ocean. The location of these genetic breaks coincided with the boundaries of oceanic currents, thus suggesting that oceanic circulation patterns might have acted as a cryptic barrier to gene flow., Conclusions: Our findings have important implications on the conservation of mangroves, especially relating to replanting efforts and the definition of evolutionary significant units in Rhizophora species. We outlined the genetic structure and identified geographical areas that require further investigations for both R. mucronata and R. stylosa. These results serve as the foundation for the conservation genetics of R. mucronata and R. stylosa and highlighted the need to recognize the genetic distinctiveness of closely-related species, determine their respective genetic structure, and avoid artificially promoting hybridization in mangrove restoration programmes.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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