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Background: In the two decades from 1995 to 2018, approximately 48 farmers committed suicide every day, accounting for over 0.4 million deaths. Despite farmer's mental health being a priority, studies on farmers' mental health in general and depressive disorders in particular are limited. Aim: This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated with depressive disorders among farmers in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among a random sample of 360 farmers. Depressive disorders were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Mild-to-moderate depressive disorders were the outcome variable. Factors associated with depressive disorders were identified using binary logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive disorders was 22.2% (95% CI = 18.0%-26.9%). Female farmers (AOR = 4.16; 95% CI = 1.19-14.57), farmers aged ≥57 years (AOR = 4.90; 95% CI = 1.44-16.63), and single farmers (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI = 2.08-11.80) have greater odds of having depressive disorders. Conclusion: Efforts are required to address depressive disorders among farmers focusing on females, older farmers, and households reporting hospitalization. Since depressive disorders are closely associated with suicide attempts, these efforts are essential to avoid suicides resulting from depressive disorders. Keywords: Depression, epidemiology, farmers, occupational/industrial psychology, Author(s): Sparjan Raj Ubbla [1]; Prakash Babu Kodali (corresponding author) [1]; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan [1,2] INTRODUCTION Agriculture and allied sectors account for 18.8% of India's gross national product and employ [...]

Suicide was responsible for the deaths of 2,100 American youths under the age of 19 years in 1987, placing it third as a cause of death among adolescents in the United States. Suicide rates among youths have increased from 4.5 per 100,000 in 1950 to 13.1 per 100,000 in 1986. American Indians and Alaskan Natives have the highest rates of suicide, and the suicide rate was 26.8 per 100,000 among Native American adolescents in 1987. Attempted suicide rates are even higher, with 11.1 percent of males and 17.5 percent of females inflicting self-harm that could lead to death. One study showed that 23 percent of Native Americans at an American boarding school had attempted suicide. The risk factors for suicide among Navajo adolescents were assessed in a 1988 survey. The study included 7,254 students in grades 6 to 12 who resided at a Navajo reservation. Suicide was attempted by almost 15 percent of youths, including more than half who made more than one suicide attempt. The risk of attempted suicide was increased in Navajo adolescents with a history of mental health problems; who felt alienated from the family and community; who had attempted suicide previously; who had a habit of consuming hard liquor every week; who had a family history of attempted or completed suicide; whose self-perception of health was poor; or who had a history of physical or sexual abuse. Female adolescents attempted suicide more often than male adolescents. The prevention of suicide among Navajo adolescents should focus on teenagers with risk factors for attempted suicide. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)