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In this study, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite was prepared and coated on the nanocellulose film to improve the surface, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties. The nanocellulose films were prepared by using a spray coating of nanocellulose suspension on stainless steel plates. The graphene nanoparticles were prepared by modified Hummers method. The pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposites were prepared by solvent method with the addition of various wt% (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) of graphene with pullulan. The coating was carried out by roller coating method. Results showed that the increased graphene nanoparticles in pullulan coating increased the opacity, surface hydrophobicity, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate and watervapour transmission rate of the coated nanocellulose film. Also, the coated film showed excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus. In this research work, it was concluded that the graphene nanoparticles of 0.2 wt% showed efficient results. The exceptional properties of the pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite coating on the nanocellulose film will give a new pathway to high performance food packaging applications.

Infection control is a challenging task in the treatment of wounds and a rise in antimicrobial resistance wound pathogens which is a barrier for the wound regeneration rapidly. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement of novel antimicrobial agents to target the wound pathogens and their biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the predominant antimicrobial agent for wound treatment due to their broad spectrum antimicrobial potential against various wound pathogens. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from aqueous Adenanthera pavonina seed extract. This extract plays as a reducing agent for reduction of silver nitrate to silver oxide nanoparticles. An absorption peak at 428 nm with characteristic feature of surface plasmon resonance was observed. The average size of AgNPs was found to be ~200 nm and cube in shape of AgNPs. FTIR data revealed the presence of phenolic groups that were responsible for reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Face centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure was revealed from XRD relating to silver oxide (AgO) with good antibacterial potential. The antioxidant activity of extract increases when the concentration increases, and it can be used in the inhibition of free radicals at wound site. Antibacterial activities showed effective inhibition against various pathogens such as E.coli, Salmonella typhi, Sphingomonas, and Bacillus. Given this correspondence, the green synthesized AgNPs would be a potential antimicrobial agent for various wound treatments.

In this study, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite was prepared and coated on the nanocellulose film to improve the surface, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties. The nanocellulose films were prepared by using a spray coating of nanocellulose suspension on stainless steel plates. The graphene nanoparticles were prepared by the modified Hummers method. The pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposites were prepared by solvent method with the addition of various wt% (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) of graphene with pullulan. The coating was carried out by the roller coating method. Results showed that the increased graphene nanoparticles in pullulan coating increased the opacity, surface hydrophobicity, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate and watervapour transmission rate of the coated nanocellulose film. Also, the coated film showed excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative E.coli and gram-positive S.aureus. In this research work, it was concluded that the graphene nanoparticles of 0.2 wt% showed efficient results. The exceptional properties of the pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite coating on the nanocellulose film will give a new pathway to high performance food packaging applications.