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A general characterization of this important function in contemporary enterprises is made, especially in small and medium ones (SMEs). The main insufficiencies present in Latin American SMEs are exposed, particularly in those belonging to the Ecuadorian metal-mechanic sector. The need for a deep study of the specific processes in technology management (TM), specifically on its transfer, and its integration with a strategic approach is stablished. The conceptual basis and the first results in the design of an alternative methodological instrument of a strategic nature for this purpose are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows the use of cellulolytic enzymes Bacillus sp. in enzymatic hydrolysis process and their use in the production of second-generation ethanol. For doing this, The Plackett-Burman method was used to discard variables that do not influence the enzymatic hydrolysis process, and subsequently to adjust the model using the factorial optimization design Box-Hunter 25-2. Once the conditions of the experiments in the enzymatic hydrolysis process were optimized, the best testwas selected considering the highest glucose yield per 100g bagasse. The fermentative stage was also analyzed, resulting in a possibility of producing 1 liter of second-generation ethanol per 12.83kg bagasse and 77.9 liters per ton of bagasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work proposes a procedure to evaluate the economic impact of recycling cellulolytic enzymes in ethanolproduction from sugarcane bagasse process. Three scenarios of ethanol-producing plants of different capacities are set to make the theoretical calculations. The proposed procedure starts from the experimental results reported on the yield changes obtained at the laboratory level when the original enzyme is used and when it is recycled on one or two occasions. From the technological demands of enzymatic quality, some necessary mixtures are established so the levels of addition of original enzyme are evaluated for different levels of recycling of enzymes. The procedure then includes possible scenarios for recycling the enzymes one or several times and it establishes the economic impacts regarding reduction of raw materials. Since the process of recycling enzymes is planned for an industrial installation, economic estimates of the investment are made for a given capacity with and without recycling of enzymes. For the three capacities, the investment and production costs are estimated, as well as the investments required to be able to recycle the enzymes in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage. Recovery of investments is also considered and projected. The economic benefits of recycling enzymes increase as installed production capacity increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biorefineries concept from renewable sources has gained much attention in recent years because they improve sustainability with regard tofossil fuel refineries that are limited by the depletion of petroleum reserves. In this perspective, the production of ethanol from sugar cane bagasse is highly attractive because it reduces the fossil fuels consumption, the energy costs and the greenhouse gases emission. In this context, this paper aims to develop an optimal model design of an ethanol plant, considering bagasse pretreatment stages for subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). SSF variant, as its name suggests, has the advantage that enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation stages are simultaneously carried out on the same equipment, obtaining directly the ethanol as a main product. The proposed approach is based on a mixed integer linear programming model which is optimized by GAMS-CPLEX package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work objective was to make, with minimum cost, the optimal design of the equipment in the preparation stage of vinasse for obtaining the optimal conditions for the fermentation stage in the process of production of torula cream in an ethanol distillery. It was used matter and energy balance, standard methodologies of measurements and operation parameters of equipment calculation, the Sector Aureo optimization method and Excel worksheets. It was obtained the optimal and economic design of equipment of ethanol distillery residuals in the preparation stage of Torula nutritious cream production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]