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A revision of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine is provided. As a result, 12 species of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. are reported from Ukraine. Among them, Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii on Verrucaria cf. nigrescens is described as new to science and Lichenopeltella coppinsii on V. muralis, Stigmidium marinum on V. mucosa as well as S. rivulorum on V. dolosa, are newly reported to Ukraine. Ten species are reported from xerotic terrestrial habitats mainly from Southern Ukraine. Only Stigmidium marinum and S. rivulorum were found in a marine and freshwater habitat respectively. Toninia subfuscae should be removed from the Ukrainian list of lichenicolous fungi due to misidentification. Didymosphaeria geminella is considered as a new synonym for Polycoccum dzieduszyckii. A worldwide key for lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. is provided.

WOS: 000401891900023 During lichenological exploration in Turkey, two lichenised fungi (Micarea micrococca, Sagedia zonata) and one lichenicolous fungus (Stigmidium microspilum) were established as new records for Asia, and one lichenised fungus (Bacidia chloroticula) as new for Turkey. Illustrations are accompanied by brief descriptions and comments on habitat, substrate, and geographical distribution.

Data about Stigmidium gyrophorarum (Arnold) D. Hawksw. as a new species of lichenicolous fungi for Ukraine are presented. Growth of this lichenicolous fungus on thallus of Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise on the horizontal surface of the sandstone. This species is characterized by brown vegetative mycelium, black globose semi-immersed perithecioid ascomata, pale brown ascomatal wall that is composed of 4–6 la­yers of cells, subcylindrical, bitunicate, 8-spored asci and 1-septate ascospores, hyaline at first but becoming olivaceous with age. Each spore has an upper cell larger than the lower cell and contained a few oil drops. The descriptions, illustrations, localities, ecological and distribution data for new species are provided.

One hundred lichen species and lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Azores, occurring on Sao Miguel and/or Terceira, collected in 2011 and 2014. Thirty-seven species are newly recorded to the Azores and seven are described as new to science: Byssoloma fuscum, Lecania azorica, Sphaerellothecium heterodermiae, S. parmotremae, Stigmidium micareae, S. subcladoniicola, Thelocarpon microsporum.

This paper contributes 96 species to the biota of lichenicolous fungi in the South Shetland Islands archipelago. New to science are the following genera: Antarctosphaeria Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Dahawkswia Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Lichenohostes Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Llanorella Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Phaeosporodendron Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., and Prostratomyces Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov. Additionally, 31 species are described as new to science. These are: Antarctosphaeria bireagens Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Arthonia dufayelensis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. livingstonensis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. massalongiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. pertusariicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. rakusae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Carbonea austroshetlandica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Cercidospora pertusariicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dactylospora antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., D. haematommatis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dahawkswia lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dendrophoma acarosporae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Didymellopsis antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Lichenohostes citrinospora Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Lichenostigma corymbosae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Llanorella ramalinae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Metasphaeria verrucosa Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Micarea lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phaeospora antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. convolutae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phaeosporodendron badiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phoma acarosporae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Prostratomyces leprariae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. ochrolechiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. rhizocarpicolae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Rhagadostoma antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Sphaerellothecium placopsiicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Stigmidium placopsiicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Taeniolella frigidae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., and Tetramelas caloplacae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov. Furthermore, a literature survey was undertaken, which resulted in the preparation of an identification guide for the lichenicolous species occurring in the South Shetlands Islands.

Stigmidium lendemeri is described from North America on probably five species of Aspicilia. The new species belongs to the Stigmidium placynthii group in Stigmidium s. lato, distinguished from Stigmidium s. str. by long 3-to-5 celled periphysoids.

(Kocourkova 2009). Periphysoids are short fila-ments originating from the wall of the upper cavity of the perithecia and are neverattached to the bottom of the cavity. They are referred to as pseudoparaphyses ofwhich two types are recognized (Roux and Triebel 1994) but generally calledperiphysoids by many authors. Type A periphysoids are narrow and two-celledand characterize the group that Roux and Triebel (1994) considered as

A lichenicolous fungus, Stigmidium epistigmellum (Nyl. ex Vouaux) Kocourk. & K. Knudsen, is re-described from maritime Caloplaca species from the western coast of North America and compared with other Stigmidium species on Caloplaca hosts.

Twenty-seven species of lichenicolous fungi (five of which are lichenized) are reported from Interior Alaska. Arthophacopsis parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold, Capronia peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw., Merismatium heterophractum (Nyl.) Vouaux, Phomapeltigerae (P. Karst.) D. Hawksw., Roselliniella peltigericola D. Hawksw. & Miadlikowska, and Stigmidium pseudopeltideae Cl. Roux & Triebel are reported from North America for the first time. Corticifraga peltigerae (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant., Refractohilum peltigerae (Keissl.) D. Hawksw., and Vezdaea acicularis Coppins are here reported new to the United States.

Methods The material was examined and photographed using Nikon Eclipse 80i and Zeiss microscopes Stemi 2000–CS and Axio Imager A1 equipped with Nomarski differential interference contrast optics. Microscopical examinations were done in water, 10% KOH (K), Lugol’s iodine, directly (I) or after a KOH pretreatment (K/I), and Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCr) solutions. Sizes of asci were rounded to the nearest 1 μm, those of ascospores to the nearest 0.5 μm. There measurements are given in the form “(minimum–) mean minus standard deviation––mean plus standard deviation (– maximum)” and followed by the number of measurements (n). Examined specimens are housed in private herbarium of J. Etayo (hb. Etayo) and mycological herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE).

Sixteen species of lichens, five lichenicolous fungi and two non-lichenized fungi are reported for the first time for Pasvik Reserve (NW Murmansk Region). Clypeococcum hypocenomycis, Protoparmelia ochrococca and Xylographa vermicularis are new to the Murmansk Region and Xylographa vermicularis is new to Europe. Ten species are rarely recorded for Murmansk Region, European Russia or Russia: Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga, Chaenothecopsis debilis, Lathagrium undulatum, Merismatium nigritellum, Microcalicium disseminatum, Phaeophyscia nigricans, Placynthium asperellum, Protothelenella leucothelia, Stereocaulon capitellatum and Stigmidium leprariae . Fourteen species are new to the biogeographic province of Lapponia petsamoensis. Two species, Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga and Stereocaulon capitellatum , are included in the Red Data Book of the Murmansk Region. Brief notes, mainly on habitats and distribution, are provided for all species listed.

WOS: 000279442300008, Stigmidium humidum is described from Spain and Turkey on Thelenella muscorum (Fr.) Vain. (syn Chromatochlamys muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt). The species is the first Stigmidium s. str. species on a host lichen of the family Thelenellaceae and is compared with other species with 'Type a' pseudoparaphyses., MEC, Spain [CGL2006-12179-CO2-01]; TUBITAK [107T605], We thank Harrie Sipman for checking our Latin. SPO is very obliged to the project ANT-COMPLEX (CGL2006-12179-CO2-01, MEC, Spain) for support. The studies of MC were financially supported by TUBITAK (107T605 coded project).

Thirty seven species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from southern Siberia. Sagediopsis vasilyevae (on Rhizocarpon inarense) is described as new to science. Rosellinula haplospora is new to Russia. Abrothallus peyritschii, Arthonia apotheciorum and Lichenostigma cosmopolites are new to Siberia. Cetraria is a new host genus for Stigmidium microcarpum. Ameroconium cladoniae and Plectocarpon hypogymniae are newly documented on Cladonia alaskana and Hypogymnia tubulosa correspondingly.