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Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) uses positive pressure to assist people with respiratory muscle weakness or severe respiratory compromise to breathe. Most people use this treatment during sleep when breathing is most susceptible to instability. The benefits of using NIV in motor neurone disease (MND) are well-established. However, uptake and usage are low (~ 19%) and there is no consensus on how to best implement NIV in MND in Australia. Consequently, clinical practice models are highly variable. Our team has recently provided evidence that specific and individualised NIV titration using a sleep study (polysomnography; PSG) leads to better outcomes in people with MND. However, for this clinical practice model to result in sustained benefits, evidence of effectiveness across multiple sites, as well as culture and practice change, must occur., Methods: A two-arm, assessor-blinded, individual participant randomised controlled trial in MND care centres across Australia will be undertaken. Two-hundred and forty-four participants will be randomised (1:1) to either the intervention group (PSG-assisted commencement of NIV settings; PSG) or a control group (sham PSG). Participants will be asked to use their NIV device for 7 weeks and will then return for follow-up assessments. Respiratory, sleep and patient-reported outcome measures will be collected at baseline and follow-up. The primary aim is to determine if the proportion of participants using NIV for > 4 h/day during the intervention period is higher in the PSG than the control group. A process evaluation, health economic evaluation and 12-month cohort follow-up will be undertaken and reported separately., Discussion: The results of this trial will demonstrate the effects of PSG-assisted titration of NIV on usage of NIV in people with MND. We hypothesise that the PSG intervention will improve synchrony between the user and the machine, which will lead to greater NIV usage compared to the control group., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05136222. Registered on November 25, 2021., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for all sites has been granted by Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/68088/Austin-2021). Written, informed consent to participate will be obtained from all participants. Any proposed amendments to the project including any changes to the protocol, Participant Information and Consent Form/s, agreed upon by the Trial Steering Committee, will be submitted to the reviewing HREC for approval prior to implementation. These changes will be communicated to the trial participants by members of the research team and re-consent for participation in the research will be collected if required. Consent for publication: Not applicable—no identifying images or other personal or clinical details of participants are presented here or will be presented in reports of the trial results. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Atherosclerotic vascular changes can begin during childhood, providing risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Identifiable risk factors such as dyslipidemia accelerate this process for some children. The apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene could help explain the inter-individual variability in lipid levels among young individuals and identify groups that require greater attention to prevent CVD. A cross-sectional study was conducted with school-aged children and adolescents in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. The study evaluated cardiovascular risk factors' variables and XbaI polymorphism in the APOB gene for associations with increased total cholesterol (TC). The prevalence of increased TC was notably high, reaching 68.9% in the study population. Carriers of the variant T allele were 1.45 times more likely to develop increased TC in a dominant model (1.09-1.94, p = 0.011). After adjustments, excess weight and a family history of dyslipidemia interacted significantly with XbaI polymorphism in increased TC, resulting in Odds Ratio of 1.74 (1.11-2.71, p = 0.015) and 2.04 (1.14-3.67, p = 0.016), respectively. The results suggest that XbaI polymorphism in the APOB gene may affect the lipid profile of Brazilian children and adolescents and could contribute to the CVD in adulthood., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Ouro Preto (CAAE 28680020.0.0000.5150). Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and written informed consent was obtained from the parents., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: to describe the methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of the PlayPerformance Scale for Children to Brazilian Portuguese., Methods: methodological study of translation and cross-cultural adaptation in six stages: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of judges, evaluation by expert nurses, and pretest. The agreement and representativeness of the items were assessed using the content validity index. A minimum value of 80% agreement was considered., Results: all stages of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process were satisfactory. In the evaluation performed by the committee of judges, all items obtained agreement above 80%. Fifteen pediatric nurses conducted the content validation, suggesting necessary modifications for understanding and application. Thirty children and adolescents with cancer were assessed with the scale for the pre-test., Conclusions: the scale was cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The need for psychometric testing in a consistent sample is emphasized.

Objectives: to describe the use of toys by nursing during the care of children in the inpatient unit; to analyze the factors that influence the use of therapeutic toys by nursing in the care of hospitalized children., Methods: qualitative research, conducted in a pediatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro between July and August 2019. Semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used as methodological procedure., Results: the 12 nurses and 7 nursing technicians revealed minimizing fear, relieving tension, and creating a bond between the child and the professional as the main benefits; they use as resources: children's toys, hospital materials, cartoons, and children's videos. The high demand for work, deficit of human resources, and appropriate ludic materials are factors that interfere with the use of toys as a therapeutic resource., Final Considerations: although the participants recognize the importance of the toy as a therapeutic resource, there is no systematization of its use in pediatric practice.

Objectives: to describe home care practices performed by family members for maintaining the life of children with gastrostomy., Methods: qualitative research using the Sensitive Creative method, with the Criatividade e Sensibilidade Corpo Saber [Corpo Saber Creativity and Sensitivity] dynamics. The participation included ten family caregivers of children with gastrostomy. The outpatient clinic of a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro was the setting. Lexical analysis was used through the IRaMuTeQ® software., Results: Theme 1, entitled "The care for maintaining life performed by family members of children with gastrostomy at home", was analyzed, comprising three classes: "The gastrostomy tube home care routine"; "The care with the gastrostomy/stoma"; and "Food and medication home care routine of children with gastrostomy"., Final Considerations: family caregivers used strategies to maintain the device and acquired new knowledge in this field, and in nursing competence, regarding stoma care, food administration, medication, and syringes.

Objective: to analyze the understanding of mothers about sickle cell disease and/or trait of the family from a diagnosed child., Methods: this is a qualitative study, using a semi-structured interview with 23 mothers, at a sickle cell disease outpatient clinic of a public institution, from October to December 2017. Analysis was thematic., Results: all participants had sickle cell trait as well as the parents of their children. Twenty children were diagnosed with sickle cell disease by Heel Prick Test, and three, after hospitalization due to the disease. Most did not know how to report the presence of the trait or disease in relatives other than nuclear., Final Considerations: diagnosis cannot be restricted to the result of neonatal screening, requiring that preventive information on sickle cell crises be reinforced. It is recommended to search for other affected relatives to learn about their genetic condition, reflecting on their reproductive decisions.

Objective: To reflect on the environment of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in the light of the Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory., Methods: A theoretical-reflexive essay of constructs originated from the final work of a discipline related to the Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory and the current legislation regarding the environment of the unit., Results: The elements "lighting," "noise," "colors, and varieties of objects," "location of nursing units," and "odors" follow Florence Nightingale's assumptions while the elements "ventilation," "spacing between beds," "furniture" underwent adaptations to suit the current structure of the unit., Final Considerations: The environmental theory is a milestone in the history of nursing. Despite the transformations, such as the emergence of intensive care units and the permanence of the family in these units, the nursing team must maintain Florence Nightingale's concern about the environment influencing the health/disease process and promoting an adequate environment for the care of the child and his family.

Objective: To examine the impact of the infection by the novel coronavirus on Brazilian children in situation of social vulnerability based on the Millennium Sustainable Development Goals., Method: Reflective study based on discursive formulation in three aspects: principles of the objectives and goals for the millennium sustainable development; impact of the pandemic on the health of children and their families living in social vulnerability; and the role of pediatric nursing in the care provided - limits and challenges., Results: In January 2020, the news of COVID 19 is released as a pandemic. In Brazil, children and families are still without access to basic rights, thereby increasing their risks of social vulnerability because of the quarantine. The nursing field has an important role in monitoring children and their families, offering guidance in search for solutions and preventing contamination., Conclusion: There are still challenges to be overcome by the children and their families in situations of vulnerability against COVID-19.

Background: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) opens an interesting perspective for predicting injury risk and performance in team sports. A better understanding of the techniques of AI employed and of the sports that are using AI is clearly warranted. The purpose of this study is to identify which AI approaches have been applied to investigate sport performance and injury risk and to find out which AI techniques each sport has been using., Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases were conducted for articles reporting AI techniques or methods applied to team sports athletes., Results: Fifty-eight studies were included in the review with 11 AI techniques or methods being applied in 12 team sports. Pooled sample consisted of 6456 participants (97% male, 25 ± 8 years old; 3% female, 21 ± 10 years old) with 76% of them being professional athletes. The AI techniques or methods most frequently used were artificial neural networks, decision tree classifier, support vector machine, and Markov process with good performance metrics for all of them. Soccer, basketball, handball, and volleyball were the team sports with more applications of AI., Conclusions: The results of this review suggest a prevalent application of AI methods in team sports based on the number of published studies. The current state of development in the area proposes a promising future with regard to AI use in team sports. Further evaluation research based on prospective methods is warranted to establish the predictive performance of specific AI techniques and methods.

Background: The evaluation of surgical outcomes is needed to achieve excellence in nasal reconstruction of patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The study objective is to evaluate the quality of nasal aesthetics after the columella elongation surgery., Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 70 patients with complete BCLP, operated on columella elongation surgery and analyzed at 6 to 12 years. The system for evaluation of nasal appearance after the columella elongation surgery was performed by objective and subjective analyses., Anthropometric Measurements: Four anthropometric nose measurements were performed directly on the faces, and the same was performed in control group (60 children without oral clefts), paired by age and sex with the experimental group. The measurements were repeated 3 times (triplicate)., Subjective Analysis: Scores to evaluate nasal width, nasal tip projection, and length of the columella were applied before and after the columella elongation surgery by 5 raters from the rehabilitation team. Interrater and intrarater agreement was calculated by means of the kappa test., Results: Nasal width in BCLP group was higher when compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). Nasal tip projection (subnasal-pronasal) and columella length (subnasal-columella) were decreased in BCLP group compared to that of the controls ( P < 0.05). Columella width was similar in both study groups ( P > 0.05). All scores of nasal aesthetics significantly improved after the columella elongation surgery., Conclusions: Nose of the patients with BCLP is wider, is less projected, and has the shorter columella compared to that of the noncleft subjects. After secondary columella elongation surgery in BCLP, nasal width, nasal projection, and columella length significantly improved.

Background: A key strategy in biodiversity conservation is the establishment of protected areas. In the future, however, the redistribution of species in response to ongoing climate change is likely to affect species' representativeness in those areas. Here we quantify the effectiveness of planning protected areas network to represent 151 birds endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot, under current and future climate change conditions for 2050., Methods: We combined environmental niche modeling and systematic conservation planning using both a county and a regional level planning strategy. We recognized the conflict between biodiversity conservation and economic development, including socio-economic targets (as opposed to biological only) and using planning units that are meaningful for policy-makers., Results: We estimated an average contraction of 29,500 km 2 in environmentally suitable areas for birds, representing 52% of currently suitable areas. Still, the most cost-effective solution represented almost all target species, requiring only ca. 10% of the Atlantic Forest counties to achieve that representativeness, independent of strategy. More than 50% of these counties were selected both in the current and future planned networks, representing >83% of the species., Discussion: Our results indicate that: (i) planning protected areas network currently can be useful to represent species under climate change; (ii) the overlapped planning units in the best solution for both current and future conditions can be considered as "no regret" areas; (iii) priority counties are spread throughout the biome, providing specific guidance wherever the possibility of creating protected area arises; and (iv) decisions can occur at different administrative spheres (Federal, State or County) as we found quite similar numerical solutions using either county or regional level strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Objective: to analyze the process of empowerment of the mothers of children hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) according to Cheryl H. Gibson's framework., Method: a qualitative study with a non-directive interview in groups was carried out with 14 mothers in the PICU of a pediatric teaching hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro, whose data were submitted to thematic analysis., Results: all mothers underwent at least one phase of the process of empowerment. Some of them achieved the phase of participatory competence in the care for their children, being heard by the team and expressing their needs, opinions, and questions. Final considerations: attentive listening and information sharing with mothers is necessary, in order to provide essential support so that they undergo the process of empowerment, thus involving themselves in care and decision-making regarding their children.

Objective: to elaborate and validate animation on the care of premature newborn infants at home., Method: Methodological study in three stages: integrative review on home care; animation design based on Roper, Logan and Tierney's Model named "Activities of Living" (ALs), and validation of content and appearance by neonatology specialists. The steps to develop the animation were: creation of storyboard; definition of objects; specification of keyframes; and frame generation among key frameworks., Results: Of the 53 articles selected in the review, care was extracted and grouped into the twelve activities of living. Three storyboards were created to embrace all care and validated by 22 experts. Most of the care had matches above 80%., Conclusion: The validation of the storyboards made it possible to glimpse the changes in scenes and dialogues in a clearer and more detailed way. Animation is an innovative educational technology to support teaching and learning of parents and family.

Objectives:: to describe nursing team care and discuss the nursing team's conception of companion families of hospitalized children. The study was based on the theoretical framework of Collière's theory of nursing care identity., Method:: this was a qualitative study with 14 members of a nursing team, conducted through an unstructured group interview. Thematic data analysis was employed., Results:: habitual and repair care was delegated to families, regardless of the child's clinical condition., Final Considerations:: the team's official discourse about the families of hospitalized children, as recommended by the literature, refers to the family's alterity and participation in care provision, with sights on discharge and defending family participation as beneficial to children. In practice, however, the nursing staff makes concessions about the presence of chaperoning families and delegates care., Objetivos:: descrever os cuidados da equipe de enfermagem e discutir as concepções da equipe de enfermagem frente à família acompanhante da criança hospitalizada. O referencial teórico está vinculado à identidade do cuidado de enfermagem de Collière., Método:: Estudo qualitativo com quatorze membros da equipe de enfermagem, utilizando a técnica de entrevista não diretiva em grupo. Foi realizada análise temática dos dados., Resultados:: os cuidados habituais e de reparação prestados à criança estão sendo delegados à família, independentemente da situação clínica da criança., Considerações Finais:: o discurso oficial da equipe de enfermagem frente à família acompanhante da criança hospitalizada, preconizado pela literatura, refere-se à alteridade e à participação da família nos cuidados à criança, prevendo sua alta e justificando a participação como benéfica para a criança. Em contrapartida, na prática, a enfermagem faz concessões sobre a permanência da família e delega os cuidados.

CelE1 is a cold-active endo-acting glucanase with high activity at a broad temperature range and under alkaline conditions. Here, we examined the effects of pH on the secondary and tertiary structures, net charge, and activity of CelE1. Although variation in pH showed a small effect in the enzyme structure, the activity was highly influenced at acidic conditions, while reached the optimum activity at pH 8. Furthermore, to estimate whether CelE1 could be used as detergent additives, CelE1 activity was evaluated in the presence of surfactants. Ionic and nonionic surfactants were not able to reduce CelE1 activity significantly. Therefore, CelE1 was found to be promising candidate for use as detergent additives. Finally, we reported a thermodynamic analysis based on the structural stability and the chemical unfolding/refolding process of CelE1. The results indicated that the chemical unfolding proceeds as a reversible two-state process. These data can be useful for biotechnological applications.

Intraoperative localization of a ground-glass opacity (GGO) is difficult because it is not easy to palpate and may be invisible at radioscopy. Therefore various techniques have been developed to improve intraoperative localization of these lesions, allowing adequate surgical resection. We report 2 cases of preoperative localization of GGOs through computed tomographically guided injection of cyanoacrylate in association with radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL)., (Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Some species of Dyckia Schult. f., including Dyckia brevifolia Baker, are rheophytes that live in the fast-moving water currents of streams and rivers which are subject to frequent flooding, but also period of low water. This study aimed to analyze the leaf epidermis of D. brevifolia in the context of epidermal adaptation to this aquatic plant's rheophytic habitat. The epidermis is uniseriate, and the cuticle is thickened. The inner periclinal and anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells are thickened and lignified. Stomata are tetracytic, located in the depressions in relation to the surrounding epidermal cells, and covered by peltate trichomes. While the epidermal characteristics of D. brevifolia are similar to those of Bromeliaceae species, this species has made particular adaptations of leaf epidermis in response to its rheophytic environment.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the response to hepatitis B (HB) revaccination of healthcare workers (HCW) who are negative for antibodies to HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) after a complete vaccination series., Methods: HCW whose anti-HBs test was performed > 90 days after a HB vaccination course were given a 4th dose. A post-vaccination test was done within 30 to 90 days., Results: One hundred and seventy HCW were enrolled: 126 (74.1%) were anti-HBs-positive after the 4th dose., Conclusions: Rechecking anti-HBs after the 4th HB vaccine dose is a practical approach in case of post-vaccination tests performed >90 days after the full vaccination course.

The objective of this study was to describe scholars' feelings in terms of hospitalization, and discuss on their perception about hospitalization. It is a qualitative study performed using semi-structured interviews and recordings based on the following atopic for analysis: feelings and perceptions reported by scholars during hospitalization. It was found that the feelings reported by scholars during hospitalization are those of restriction, fear, pain, preoccupation, missing home and others, and anxiety. Most scholars see hospitalization as something negative, though they also report positive aspects such as receiving exclusive affection from their mothers, having access to foods they usually do not have at home and compensations they receive for being ill. Playing emerged as an important activity that alleviates the negative aspects of hospitalization. In conclusion, despite having negative feelings, scholars are able to realize that hospitalization is important for their recovery.