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2. Geological and geochemical anatomy of Archaean gneisses from the Vestfold Hills and Rauer Group, East Antarctica

Author

Snape, Ian

Subjects
552
Abstract

Archaean orthogneisses in the Rauer Group and Vestfold Hills have been examined through a combined field, petrological, geochemical and isotopic study in order to document and evaluate regional terrane correlations in the East Prydz Bay region of East Antarctica, and assess models for early Precambrian crustal growth, both regionally and in general terms. Within the Archaean domain in the Rauer Group, two layered ultramafic-mafic associations, the Torkler-Tango and the Scherbinina Layered Complexes (TTLC & SLC), are hosted in ca. 2800 to 3300-3470 Ma Composite Layered Orthogneiss (CLO). The SLC and TTLC are spatially, compositionally and probably temporally separate metaigneous suites. The TTLC is older than ca. 2800 Ma CLO intrusive sheets, and geochemical similarities between the TTLC and ca. 3300 Ma tonalite-trondhjemite-granite components of the CLO imply that there may be a genetic link between these gneiss units, as both have distinctive arc-like geochemical signatures. The SLC is also cross-cut by ca. 2800 Ma CLO components, but SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of the complex reveals that it is only marginally older with a crystallization age of 2844 ± 6 Ma. Geochemically, the SLC has very weak arc-like signatures which are attributed to small amounts of crustal contamination (by CLO), and primary geochemical signatures are inferred to have been derived from an E-MORB-like source. A tectonomagmatic setting similar to that deduced for the early Tertiary East Greenland Margin is envisaged as a possible analogue for events at 2844 Ma in the Rauer Group. However, petrogenetic models for the Rauer Group Archaean domain are tentative, because Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that significant open-system behaviour occurred during fluid infiltration associated with a regionally recognised Pan-African (ca. 500 Ma) event. Detailed mapping of intrusive relations that are preserved in Archaean othogneisses in the Vestfold Hills has allowed a reconstruction of the early high-grade geological history of the terrane. A number of spatially, temporally and compositionally distinct intrusions were emplaced throughout the Crooked Lake magmatic episode between D1-M1 and D2-M2. The duration of this episode has been precisely defined by SHRIMP U-Pb dating axial planar leucosomes to 2496.3 ± 0.7 Ma (D1-M1) and 2475.3 ± 0.7 Ma (D2-M2). The distribution of Crooked Lake Gneiss (CLG) indicates that regional-scale tectonic repetition of major units was local rather than regional, and the amount of strain associated with the main folding and fabric producing event (D2) is heterogeneous.

Published
1997

25. Erratum to: Introducing BASE: the Biomes of Australian Soil Environments soil microbial diversity database

Author

Bissett, Andrew, primary, Fitzgerald, Anna, additional, Court, Leon, additional, Meintjes, Thys, additional, Mele, Pauline M., additional, Reith, Frank, additional, Dennis, Paul G., additional, Breed, Martin F., additional, Brown, Belinda, additional, Brown, Mark V., additional, Brugger, Joel, additional, Byrne, Margaret, additional, Caddy-Retalic, Stefan, additional, Carmody, Bernie, additional, Coates, David J., additional, Correa, Carolina, additional, Ferrari, Belinda C., additional, Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R., additional, Hamonts, Kelly, additional, Haslem, Asha, additional, Hugenholtz, Philip, additional, Karan, Mirko, additional, Koval, Jason, additional, Lowe, Andrew J., additional, Macdonald, Stuart, additional, McGrath, Leanne, additional, Martin, David, additional, Morgan, Matt, additional, North, Kristin I., additional, Paungfoo-Lonhienne, Chanyarat, additional, Pendall, Elise, additional, Phillips, Lori, additional, Pirzl, Rebecca, additional, Powell, Jeff R., additional, Ragan, Mark A., additional, Schmidt, Susanne, additional, Seymour, Nicole, additional, Snape, Ian, additional, Stephen, John R., additional, Stevens, Matthew, additional, Tinning, Matt, additional, Williams, Kristen, additional, Yeoh, Yun Kit, additional, Zammit, Carla M., additional, and Young, Andrew, additional

Published
2017
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28. Introducing BASE: the Biomes of Australian Soil Environments soil microbial diversity database

Author

Bissett, Andrew, Fitzgerald, Anna, Meintjes, Thys, Mele, Pauline M., Reith, Frank, Dennis, Paul G., Breed, Martin F., Brown, Belinda, Brown, Mark V., Brugger, Joel, Byrne, Margaret, Caddy-Retalic, Stefan, Carmody, Bernie, Coates, David J., Correa, Carolina, Ferrari, Belinda C., Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R., Hamonts, Kelly, Haslem, Asha, Hugenholtz, Philip, Karan, Mirko, Koval, Jason, Lowe, Andrew J., Macdonald, Stuart, McGrath, Leanne, Martin, David, Morgan, Matt, North, Kristin I., Paungfoo-Lonhienne, Chanyarat, Pendall, Elise, Phillips, Lori, Pirzl, Rebecca, Powell, Jeff R., Ragan, Mark A., Schmidt, Susanne, Seymour, Nicole P., Snape, Ian, Stephen, John R., Stevens, Matthew, Tinning, Matt, Williams, Kristen, Yeoh, Yun Kit, Zammit, Carla M., Young, Andrew, Bissett, Andrew, Fitzgerald, Anna, Meintjes, Thys, Mele, Pauline M., Reith, Frank, Dennis, Paul G., Breed, Martin F., Brown, Belinda, Brown, Mark V., Brugger, Joel, Byrne, Margaret, Caddy-Retalic, Stefan, Carmody, Bernie, Coates, David J., Correa, Carolina, Ferrari, Belinda C., Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R., Hamonts, Kelly, Haslem, Asha, Hugenholtz, Philip, Karan, Mirko, Koval, Jason, Lowe, Andrew J., Macdonald, Stuart, McGrath, Leanne, Martin, David, Morgan, Matt, North, Kristin I., Paungfoo-Lonhienne, Chanyarat, Pendall, Elise, Phillips, Lori, Pirzl, Rebecca, Powell, Jeff R., Ragan, Mark A., Schmidt, Susanne, Seymour, Nicole P., Snape, Ian, Stephen, John R., Stevens, Matthew, Tinning, Matt, Williams, Kristen, Yeoh, Yun Kit, Zammit, Carla M., and Young, Andrew

Abstract

Microbial inhabitants of soils are important to ecosystem and planetary functions, yet there are large gaps in our knowledge of their diversity and ecology. The ‘Biomes of Australian Soil Environments’ (BASE) project has generated a database of microbial diversity with associated metadata across extensive environmental gradients at continental scale. As the characterisation of microbes rapidly expands, the BASE database provides an evolving platform for interrogating and integrating microbial diversity and function.

Published
2016

29. Dispersal and dilution of wastewater from an ocean outfall at Davis Station, Antarctica, and resulting environmental contamination

Author

Stark, Jonny, Bridgen, Phil, Dunshea, Glenn, Galton-Fenzi, Ben, Hunter, John, Johnstone, Glenn, King, Catherine, Leeming, Rhys, Palmer, Anne, Smith, James, Snape, Ian, Stark, Scott, Riddle, Martin, Stark, Jonny, Bridgen, Phil, Dunshea, Glenn, Galton-Fenzi, Ben, Hunter, John, Johnstone, Glenn, King, Catherine, Leeming, Rhys, Palmer, Anne, Smith, James, Snape, Ian, Stark, Scott, and Riddle, Martin

Published
2016

30. Dispersal and dilution of wastewater from an ocean outfall at Davis Station, Antarctica, and resulting environmental contamination

Author

Stark, Jonathan S., primary, Bridgen, Phil, additional, Dunshea, Glenn, additional, Galton-Fenzi, Ben, additional, Hunter, John, additional, Johnstone, Glenn, additional, King, Catherine, additional, Leeming, Rhys, additional, Palmer, Anne, additional, Smith, James, additional, Snape, Ian, additional, Stark, Scott, additional, and Riddle, Martin, additional

Published
2016
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31. Introducing BASE: the Biomes of Australian Soil Environments soil microbial diversity database

Author

Bissett, Andrew, primary, Fitzgerald, Anna, additional, Meintjes, Thys, additional, Mele, Pauline M., additional, Reith, Frank, additional, Dennis, Paul G., additional, Breed, Martin F., additional, Brown, Belinda, additional, Brown, Mark V., additional, Brugger, Joel, additional, Byrne, Margaret, additional, Caddy-Retalic, Stefan, additional, Carmody, Bernie, additional, Coates, David J., additional, Correa, Carolina, additional, Ferrari, Belinda C., additional, Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R., additional, Hamonts, Kelly, additional, Haslem, Asha, additional, Hugenholtz, Philip, additional, Karan, Mirko, additional, Koval, Jason, additional, Lowe, Andrew J., additional, Macdonald, Stuart, additional, McGrath, Leanne, additional, Martin, David, additional, Morgan, Matt, additional, North, Kristin I., additional, Paungfoo-Lonhienne, Chanyarat, additional, Pendall, Elise, additional, Phillips, Lori, additional, Pirzl, Rebecca, additional, Powell, Jeff R., additional, Ragan, Mark A., additional, Schmidt, Susanne, additional, Seymour, Nicole, additional, Snape, Ian, additional, Stephen, John R., additional, Stevens, Matthew, additional, Tinning, Matt, additional, Williams, Kristen, additional, Yeoh, Yun Kit, additional, Zammit, Carla M., additional, and Young, Andrew, additional

Published
2016
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33. Physical, chemical, biological and ecotoxicological properties of wastewater discharged from Davis Station, Antarctica

Author

Stark, Jonny, Smith, James, King, Catherine, Lindsay, Margaret, Stark, Scott, Palmer, Anne, Snape, Ian, Bridgen, Phil, Riddle, Martin, Stark, Jonny, Smith, James, King, Catherine, Lindsay, Margaret, Stark, Scott, Palmer, Anne, Snape, Ian, Bridgen, Phil, and Riddle, Martin

Abstract

The properties and toxicity of untreatedwastewater at Davis Station, East Antarctica,were investigated to inform decisions regarding the appropriate level of treatment for local discharge purposes and more generally, to better understand the risk associated with dispersal and impact of wastewaters in Antarctica. Suspended solids, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus), biological oxygen demand (BOD), metals, organic contaminants, surfactants and microbiological load were measured at various locations throughout the wastewater discharge system. Wastewater quality and properties varied greatly between buildings on station, each ofwhich has separate holding tanks. Nutrients, BOD and settleable solid levelswere higher than standard municipal wastewaters. Microbiological loads were typical of untreated wastewater. Contaminants detected in the wastewater included metals and persistent organic compounds, mainly polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The toxicity of wastewater was also investigated in laboratory bioassays using two local Antarctic marine invertebrates, the amphipod Paramoera walkeri and the microgastropod Skenella paludionoides. Animals were exposed to a range of wastewater concentrations from3% to 68% (test 1) or 63% (test 2) over 21 days with survival monitored daily. Significant mortality occurred in all concentrations of wastewater after 14 to 21 days, and at higher concentrations (50–68% wastewater) mortality occurred after only one day. Results indicate that the local receiving marine environment at Davis Station is at risk from existing wastewater discharges, and that advanced treatment is required both to remove contaminants shown to cause toxicity to biota, as well as to reduce the environmental risks associated with non-native micro-organisms in wastewater.

Published
2015

49. Community fingerprinting in a sequencing world.

Author

Dorst, Josie, Bissett, Andrew, Palmer, Anne S., Brown, Mark, Snape, Ian, Stark, Jonathan S., Raymond, Ben, McKinlay, John, Ji, Mukan, Winsley, Tristrom, and Ferrari, Belinda C.

Subjects
HUMAN fingerprints, RESTRICTION fragment length polymorphisms, MICROBIAL ecology, BIOTIC communities, COST effectiveness, SOIL microbiology
Abstract

Despite decreasing costs, generating large-scale, well-replicated and multivariate microbial ecology investigations with sequencing remains an expensive and time-consuming option. As a result, many microbial ecology investigations continue to suffer from a lack of appropriate replication. We evaluated two fingerprinting approaches - terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T- RFLP) and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis ( ARISA) against 454 pyrosequencing, by applying them to 225 polar soil samples from East Antarctica and the high Arctic. By incorporating local and global spatial scales into the dataset, our aim was to determine whether various approaches differed in their ability and hence utility, to identify ecological patterns. Through the reduction in the 454 sequencing data to the most dominant OTUs, we revealed that a surprisingly small proportion of abundant OTUs (< 0.25%) was driving the biological patterns observed. Overall, ARISA and T- RFLP had a similar capacity as sequencing to separate samples according to distance at a local scale, and to correlate environmental variables with microbial community structure. Pyrosequencing had a greater resolution at the global scale but all methods were capable of significantly differentiating the polar sites. We conclude fingerprinting remains a legitimate approach to generating large datasets as well as a cost-effective rapid method to identify samples for elucidating taxonomic information or diversity estimates with sequencing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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